JP5651871B2 - Descent and ascent method of heavy objects underwater - Google Patents

Description

As a means of transporting the mineral resources of the deep sea bottom and lake bottom to the surface of the water, the liquefied gas injected into the cylinder in the submersible craft (capsule) is used as the weight for the descent, and the liquefied gas used as the weight is vaporized for the ascent and the buoyancy The present invention relates to a method for lowering and floating a heavy object that uses a gas two-state phenomenon (a phenomenon in which a property of a gas is liquefied and its properties are transformed) for reciprocation between bottom water surfaces.

Mineral resources such as manganese nodules, manganese crusts, and submarine hydrothermal deposits are awaiting development on the seabed and the ground. The distribution of these ores has been confirmed within the exclusive economic zone of Japan in surveys of southern waters such as Hachijojima and Ogasawara Islands. As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, “Saving corn from ethanolization by wind power” <Recovering marine resources by wind power generation and offshore factories> by the inventor of the present application, tin, tungsten, Rich in metals and non-metals such as molybdenum, copper, zinc, lead, gold, silver, manganese, antimony, bismuth, mercury, uranium, and fluorite. The amount of cobalt contained in manganese crusts is three times that of manganese nodules. That's it. Cobalt is more useful as an alloy than pure metal. Nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and other alloys containing 20 to 65% cobalt have excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance even at high temperatures. Used in turbines. In addition to iron and nickel, ferromagnetic cobalt is also useful as a magnetic alloy. In addition, cobalt alloys are very hard and durable and are widely used as cutting tools. In this way, most of the annual production of cobalt required for high performance alloys is unevenly distributed in Zambia on the African continent. For this reason, manganese crusts that are widely distributed on the seabed have been the focus of attention in many countries. The main production areas of manganese crusts are distributed on the summits and slopes of seamounts around Okinotorishima and Minamitorishima, and from the South Pacific to the central Pacific Ocean. This manganese crust exists as a thin-film seabed deposit with a thickness of about 10 cm on the slope of a seamount near a water depth of 500 to 2,500 m, whereas manganese nodules are present on the seabed at a water depth of 4,000 to 6,000 m. Moreover, the reserves of manganese nodules are about 500 billion tons, according to Dr. Moor et al. If this is calculated with the recent annual consumption of the world, it is said that it is equivalent to the supply of 140,000 years for manganese, 70,000 years for nickel, 2,000 years for copper, and 420,000 years for cobalt. Moreover, even in the deep sea, it is possible to collect high-quality rare metals just by scooping the bottom of the sea if you choose a location, so many countries expect commercialization, set up mining areas, and conduct research, research, and practical use. The development of a simple collection method is being sharpened. In the waters near Japan, it is distributed off Daito and off Daito ridges. In addition, two mining areas of the same area as Hokkaido have been acquired in the central Pacific region from southeastern Hawaii to the east other than the exclusive economic zone. In addition to Japan, China, South Korea, France, Russia, and Germany have also acquired mining areas under the UN Maritime Convention.
However, since these mineral resources exist at a depth of 1000m to 6000m, technical problems of mining work and transportation under 100 to 600 atmospheres become a bottleneck, and development is extremely delayed compared to space development at 1 atmosphere or less. Yes. However, recent high resources and resource depletion have spurred seabed development, and deep sea surveys are being conducted around the world. Japan's manned deep sea research ship “Shinkai 2000” retired in 2003, and its successor was a submarine depth of 6,000 meters, two crew members (including three pilots), and a speed of 0.7 m / sec. The “Shinkai 6000”, which can dive to meters, is active. In addition, there are five unmanned spacecrafts such as “Kaikou” and “Urashima”. The depth of the dive is “Kaikou” and the submarine “Launcher” is 11,000 meters. In foreign countries, there is an American 4,500-meter survey boat "Alpin", etc., but all of them are only surveys, and there is no deep sea mineral resource mining boat.
Regarding the mining of marine mineral resources, the patent invented by the inventor of Patent Document 1 “Ocean Resources Energy Extraction / Production Ocean Factory” uses electric power obtained from fluid energy such as wind power generation and tidal current power generation in manganese crusts or submarine hydrothermal deposits. A general plant concept for mining and transporting mud sulfide to the port is disclosed. Regarding the transport of mined seabed mineral resources to the sea, the liquid level is maintained at the same opening at both ends in the “Deeping and deepening of deep sea mineral resources” by Sakurai et al. Patent Document 2 discloses a method for levitating mineral resources from the deep sea floor to the sea surface by utilizing the characteristic of circulating and flowing seawater in a U-shaped pipe.
About the pumping by the bucket In the Patent Document 3 “Deep Sea Mineral Bucket Mining Device”, Masuda uses a rope and a pressure buoyancy cylinder to compensate for heavy mineral resources in a continuous bucket mining device for submarine mineral resources by a mining vessel. Is disclosed. Takeyama, in Patent Document 4 “Submarine Mineral Resource Extraction Method and Crushing Device and Connecting Device thereof”, mineral resources collected on the seabed are pulverized into fine particles on the seabed immediately after collection, and the fine particles are transported to a ship on the sea. The method of unloading is disclosed. Yoshioka, in Patent Document 5 “Deep Bottom Resource Suction Lifting Device”, pumps the gas and liquid pressurized by the pump together into the gas-liquid separation chamber in the deep sea, and discharges the liquid to the outside from the lower part of the gas-liquid separation chamber. Is a bubble that rises into the air lift pipe and rises at the same time, causing suction to the suction port of the suction pipe connected to the lower end, sucking deep resources such as the seabed, and lifting up to the upper part at the rate of rising resources Disclosure. Aoki et al. Of the Marine Science and Technology Center installed a fuel cell as a driving source for a deep-sea diving research ship in Patent Document 6 “Fuel-cell-equipped deep-sea diving research ship operation system”, and supplied hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from the mother ship with a hose. It is disclosed how to do.

In the present invention, it is proposed that when submersibles are submerged in the deep sea, heavy liquefied gas or ice is loaded as weights and used as buoyant bodies on the sea. However, since there is no report on the use of the deep sea floor at present, an application example of liquefied gas and ice on land is shown. Atsumi et al. Of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., in Patent Document 7 “Power generation device using liquefied gas”, pressurizes liquefied gas such as liquid air stored in a tank with a pump and then heats it with a heat exchanger using outside air Thus, it is disclosed that high-pressure air of approximately normal temperature is obtained, the high-pressure air is guided to a high-pressure air-driven engine to obtain power by its expansion, and that this is used as power for an automobile. Tamaki of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. also reacts metal sodium with water to produce hydrogen, which is used as fuel for fuel cells, and waste water is used again for the reaction to generate hydrogen from metal sodium. Is disclosed in Patent Document 8 “Fuel Supply System for Fuel Cell” by Ikuta in Patent Document 9 “Method for producing hydrogen, method for producing hydrogen-oxygen, and apparatus for producing these” in a state where metallic sodium is put in petroleum. A method of reacting with water to produce hydrogen is disclosed.

The present invention proposes to use liquefied gas as a buoyant agent in a buoyant body (bellows-type balloon) in order to pump mineral resources existing in the deep sea floor. As a method of levitation, Tanaka et al. In Patent Document 10 “Liquid Rescue Device” puts a chemical that reacts with water in water to generate carbon dioxide gas in a capsule attached to a balloon, and the chemical touches the water. And carbon dioxide is generated and the balloon is inflated, and a method is disclosed that can save the water as a floating bag.

These submarine developments require high power for mining before transporting recovered resources. Until now, it was thought that there was no way other than supplying the electricity with diesel power generation. Even if this power is obtained by offshore wind power generation or ocean current power generation, if it is transmitted to 1,500 to 6,000 meters deep seabed, transmission loss will occur. The inventor of the present application described in “Non-Patent Document 1“ Saving Corn from Ethanol ”<Ocean Resource Recovery and Offshore Factory by Wind Power Generation>” is economical if power is obtained at the deep sea drilling site. As an example, since there is a high probability that there is a submarine volcano near the submarine hydrothermal deposit, temperature difference power generation between the hot water near the submarine volcano and the deep water surrounding it is performed, It has been proposed to use the electric power obtained as a power source for excavators.
Therefore, in the present invention, as a power generation method that does not choose a place, power is generated by converting fluid energy into rotational energy by a screw, which is generated when a submersible descends due to gravity and ascends due to buoyancy, and this is performed on the sea floor. It is proposed to be used for utility power and offshore power. Regarding the method of generating electricity using buoyancy in the water, Morisaki of National Land Construction Co., Ltd. in Patent Document 11 “Energy generation method and device using buoyancy” has an endless belt between the wheels fixed on the sea and the seabed. Keep the structure rotating, attach a lot of balloons to the belt, and when the balloons come to the bottom of the sea, the buoyancy generated by sending in air will cause the balloons to rise sequentially, and when they come to the sea, A method is disclosed in which, by extracting air, the belt rotates only with buoyancy to transmit energy to the generator and convert the power. A gas generated when a substance is chemically reacted, vaporized, or sublimated in water is used as a buoyant force, and an endless belt rotates between a car fixed on the sea and the sea floor. A method of generating electricity by rotation by putting the generated gas in a cylindrical container and disclosed in Patent Document 12 “A buoyancy power generation system that generates gas in water and uses its buoyancy power” disclosed by Tanase Has been.

JP 2007-331681 A JP 2003-269070 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-208061 JP 05-141175 A JP 2000-227100 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-181685 JP 09-079008 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-203550 JP 2004-155599 A JP 2005-343440 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-130311 JP 07-007996 A

Masataka Murahara / Kanwa City “Wind, save corn from ethanolization” published by Power Company (December 2007) "Deep-Sea fishes / Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_sea_fish) "Plastic Technical Manual / Moriyasu Matsutani / Science and Technology Company" ASONE website (http://www.as-1.co.jp/academy/17/17-2.html)

If the water depth is 5,000 meters, it is necessary to mine and recover mineral resources under 500 times the water pressure (500 atm), and transport it to the sea. For this purpose, diesel generators or offshore wind power generation can be considered. However, a transmission cable from the mother ship to the seabed is necessary, and transmission loss is large. In addition, cranes are necessary to unload those resources. Inventor of the present application proposed temperature difference power generation between submarine hot spring and deep water by thermoelectric power generation element in Non-Patent Document 1, but this can be used for mining, but the installation place of thermoelectric element is limited and practical. Absent. The simplest method is to load the battery in a submarine submarine (submersible capsule), but a large power supply cannot be expected. In this way, if you use high power, you can pump up, but even if you pump up minerals from 5000m below the seabed, it will not be profitable. The bottleneck in the development of the deep sea floor is the fight against water pressure.
Therefore, the use of buoyancy was considered. In general, levitation starts when the amount of drainage of the buoyant body exceeds the total amount of drainage of the material to be levitated. More importantly, the internal pressure of the buoyancy body and the water pressure are always equal. If this balance is lost, the buoyancy body will be destroyed. The reason why the deep-sea fish float does not break is that the balance between the water pressure and the internal pressure of the float is maintained. If the internal pressure [P (h)] and the water pressure [W (h)] of the buoyant body at the depth [h] can be controlled to equivalent [P (h) = W (h)], the volume of the buoyant body is set to V If (h), P (h ₁ ) × V (h ₁ ) = P (h ₂ ) × V (h ₂ ) = constant, so V (h ₂ ) = V (h ₁ ) × P ( h ₁ ) / P (h ₂ ). Here, if the buoyant body floats from the depth h ₁ to the depth h ₂ , the internal pressure of the buoyancy body is P (h ₁ )> P (h ₂ ), so the buoyancy body V _{2 at} the depth h ₂ The volume is V (h ₂ ) = V (h ₁ ) × P (h ₁ ) / P (h ₂ )> V (h ₁ ), and it can be seen that the volume increases.
On the other hand, gas is sensitive to ambient temperature. In general, the water temperature remains unchanged at 1.5 ° C from 0 to 4000m in the low-latitude sea area, but is said to be about 28 ° C at sea, 10 ° C at 1000m in the high-latitude sea area, and 1.5 ° C below 2000m, the same as the low-latitude sea area. Yes. Furthermore, the density of sea water is not changed and 1.0284g / cm ³ from 0 to 4000m at low latitudes, in the following 1.027 g / cm ^3, 2000 m at 1.0242g / cm ^3, 1000m at sea in high latitude waters low latitudes it is the same 1.0284g / cm ³ and. The salinity is 33.2% at the surface of the water at low latitudes, 34.8% at 1000m, and 35% at the lower level. At high latitudes, it is about 36.9% at sea, 35.2% at 1000m, and below 35% at low latitudes. Since these physical constants differ depending on the sea area, it is desirable to input them to the control mechanism each time. For example, since the water pressure at a water depth of 5000 m is 500 atm, the volume of the buoyant body on the water surface (0 m, 1 atm) is 500 times, and the buoyancy is also 500 times. This phenomenon means that the traction force of the buoyant body increases because the buoyancy inevitably increases as the depth decreases. In other words, as the buoyant body rises from the sea floor to the sea, the buoyancy increases.Therefore, if the storage jars of mineral resources are connected in a daisy chain at a certain interval, a plurality of packages can be loaded with buoyancy alone. Can be mined. Recovering those gases at sea and liquefying them again can create a renewable energy cycle. If the fluid energy generated by this increase in buoyancy is captured with a screw and converted into rotational energy to generate electricity, power for buoyancy control in the boat, driving power for excavators and collection shovels on the sea floor, It can be used as power for work on land.
This buoyancy / gravity power generation is not related to the disadvantages of wind power generation, solar power generation or temperature difference power generation, that is, typhoon, strong wind, hail, no wind, rain, cloudiness, lightning, night, moon phases, or temperature difference, There is no adverse effect on the landscape, no low-frequency pollution, no icing, no construction work, no consideration of gravity balance, and power generation 24 hours a day. All you need is water depth. The biggest advantage of the electric power obtained by this buoyancy / gravity power generation system is its use as power for recovering mineral resources in the deep sea. Repeated ascent and descent near the bottom of the sea and generate electricity, there will be no transmission loss. Another characteristic of buoyancy power generation is that the amount of power generation increases because buoyancy increases as the surface rises and approaches the water surface. Disadvantages are that the amount of power generation when descending due to gravity is small and that the repetition of operations is complicated because the distance of ascent and descent is short. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to supply constant power by raising and lowering a plurality of power generation boats and averaging the power obtained by the respective generators. It is a problem to be solved by the present invention to construct a control system for the internal pressure and water pressure of these buoyancy bodies.

Submersibles (capsules) must withstand a water pressure of 500 atmospheres at a depth of 5,000 meters. Moreover, the shape of the submersible craft (capsule) is preferably a spherical, ellipsoidal, or cylindrical teardrop type, cigar type, or whale type with little resistance in water. In general, submarines adjust the balance between the ship's weight and buoyancy by putting seawater into and out of the main ballast tank between the inner and outer shells of the ship. That is, in the case of a submarine, the ship itself is a buoyant body, and when it descends, it puts seawater into the tank inside the ship and descends with its weight, and when it ascends, it discharges the seawater from the tank to the outside of the ship and rises lightly.
However, in the present invention, the buoyancy body is provided outside the submersible craft, the hull structure in the boat is a reverse shell type, and a cylinder chamber for storing liquefied gas, dry ice or compressed gas between the outer shell and the inner shell, A hydraulic compressor room, a liquefied gas production equipment room, a power storage ground room, and a power generation equipment room are installed inside the shell. And when descending, the gas in the buoyancy body is liquefied or compressed and transferred to the cylinder inside the submersible craft to obtain gravity as a weight, and when rising, the liquefied gas or compressed gas vaporized from the cylinder is enclosed in the buoyancy body And get buoyancy. Once levitation is started, no gas is supplied to the buoyancy body, and only the volume of the buoyancy body is expanded to increase buoyancy.
In general, submarines use 1.02 density seawater as a descent weight, but in the present invention, the weight is 1.18 and heavy liquid oxygen, density 1.56 dry ice, density 0.81 liquid nitrogen or density 0.071. Also used is liquid hydrogen. In general, many gases are not liquefied only by pressurization. However, for dry ice only, the depth to use must be considered. CO ₂ generated by sublimation of dry ice liquefies at about 130 atmospheres. In other words, seawater deeper than 1300m is liquefied carbon dioxide, so it does not become a gas. The weight as a gravity source from which the submersible descends is not only the main body of the submersible, the generator, and the cylinder, but the weight of the liquefied gas or the compressed gas that is pressed into the cylinder at sea is very large. For example, for the sake of simplicity, a rough calculation with water density = 1, water temperature = 1.5 ° C, and atmospheric pressure = 1 atm, the gas to obtain 1 ton of buoyancy at a depth of 5000m (water pressure 500 atm) The weight is about 714 kg for oxygen, about 981 kg for carbon dioxide, about 647 kg for air, about 624 kg for nitrogen, and 45 kg for hydrogen [M (g) (weight per mole of gas) x 500 (atmospheric pressure) x 1000 ( Liter) /22.4 (liter) ≒ 22.3M (kg)]. A feature of the present invention is that these gas weights are used as weights when descending. Since all this gas is transferred to the buoyant body, the weight of the submersible craft is reduced accordingly. However, the weight of the gas in the buoyancy body is the same. However, the buoyancy body expands as the depth becomes shallower, and when it reaches the sea level, the buoyancy increases by about 800 times. The feature of the present invention is that this relationship between water pressure and buoyancy is utilized.

The invention described in claim 1 relates to a submersible craft that transports heavy objects underwater by gravity and buoyancy. Inside the submersible craft, electric power for controlling the ascent and descent of the submersible, mining from the seabed. Electric power as a power source necessary for collecting heavy objects and a power generation device for obtaining electric power on the sea or on land are provided. In the present invention, the main buoyancy body is named in order to clearly distinguish the buoyancy body attached to the outside of the bow of the submersible craft. Outside the bow of the submersible craft, there is a main buoyant body filled with gas that has vaporized liquefied gas or gas by compressed gas in order to obtain the buoyancy required to descend and ascend underwater. As a buoyant body, it is equipped with an auxiliary buoyant body that is independent from the submersible and has its own mechanism for supplying buoyant material gas.If necessary, it is used as a substitute for carrying goods or under the sea surface shallower than 1300 m. Can be used for luggage transportation. This auxiliary buoyant body is filled with dry ice, and when it reaches a position shallower than 1300m (lower pressure than 130 atm), dry ice sublimes spontaneously to generate carbon dioxide, which is enclosed in the auxiliary buoyancy body. It has come to be. As a means to enclose gas into the main buoyant body outside the submersible craft bow, a cylinder chamber for storing liquefied gas, dry ice or compressed gas is placed between the outer shell and the inner shell of the submersible, and the inner shell is hydraulic. The compressor room, liquefied gas production equipment room, electrical storage room, and power generation equipment room will be installed. A buoyancy mechanism is provided on the outside of the bow of the boat to slide the main buoyancy body or expand and contract the volume of the main buoyancy body. Equipped with a main buoyant body expansion / contraction drive mechanism that transfers gas to the compressor inside the submersible and increases the buoyancy while expanding the volume of the main buoyant body at the time of ascent, and the outer wall of the submersible is restrained from rotating and shaking. To maintain stability and prevent the rotation of the power generation screw from competing with the main body of the submersible, a plurality of fins are attached at equal angles, and the stern for propellers (screws) linked to the power generation device and luggage towing It is a submersible with a hook attached, and the appearance of the boat is a spherical, elliptical, or cylindrical teardrop type, cigar type, or whale type.
There are abundant unexcavated mineral resources such as manganese nodules, manganese crusts, and hydrothermal deposits in the deep seabed and the seabed. In addition, sunken ships and ruins have been found. These surveys of the seabed and lake bottom are more time consuming than on land. In January 2009, the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage came into effect, and underwater archaeology is in the spotlight. Furthermore, accident handling at the deep sea floor is also urgent. April 20, 2010 Explosion of an oil drilling facility in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana, USA, caused over 5,000 barrels of crude oil per day from a collapsed 1500 m drilled well, contaminating the coastal area of Mexico, There was concern about the environmental impact. There is an urgent need to recover these ejected crude oil and to transport the undeveloped mineral resources to the land by a simple method. Luggage lifted from the bottom of the sea or lake to the surface of the water can be separated into solids and liquids. However, for liquids such as springing crude oil, deep water or sludge, a sealed container is required. Therefore, it is necessary to use a sealed container that reduces buoyancy as much as possible, transports it to the seabed only by gravity when descending, and then floats after the container is fully loaded with liquid recovery. Therefore, it is desirable that the closed container has a folded container structure, is transported to the bottom of the water in a folded state, and the target liquid is inserted while the container is enlarged at the bottom of the water. On the other hand, when the load is solid, a bowl-shaped container that does not generate buoyancy when descending is adopted. The stern of the submersible is provided with a screw and has a mechanism for obtaining electric power by turning the generator into fluid energy generated when the vehicle descends due to gravity and when it floats due to buoyancy. The generators mounted on submersibles are divided into small and large generators. In the case of small generators, they are used for charging the batteries of the main buoyancy body drive motor, and specialize only in the transportation of luggage on the sea floor, lake bottom and water surface. On the other hand, a submersible equipped with a large generator may specialize in power generation by reciprocating between the water surface and the bottom of the water.

The invention described in claim 2 relates to a method for transferring a heavy object by the submersible craft described in claim 1 by gravity and buoyancy in water. For this reason, a tow device, a tow hook, a tow rope, a shackle, a snap shackle, a hunk, and a solid material for loading cargo are suspended on the stern of a submersible, crude oil, deep water or sludge. In the case of liquids such as, a folding airtight container is necessary. If the submersible is simply for transporting collected items or equipment, the generator mounted on the submersible should be small and specialized for charging the storage battery, or used as a structure like an auxiliary buoyant body without a power generation mechanism. You can also. In any case, since the object of the present invention is to float heavy objects on the deep sea bottom or lake bottom on the water surface using buoyancy, this main buoyancy body is the most important and key technology.
In water, every 10m of descent increases by 1 atm, so if you descent 5000m, the water pressure at that point reaches 500 atm. In order for the main buoyancy body to overcome this pressure, a robust structure is required. However, if a main buoyancy body satisfying this is made, it is difficult to obtain buoyancy because the material is too heavy. Of note is the deep-sea fish float. As disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2, “Deep-Sea fishes”, the wall of a deep-sea fish float bag is covered with solid guanine crystals, and the contents of the float bag are not gas but fat or wax. In particular, deep sea fish such as sea bream are said to go back and forth between the deep sea and the shallow sea in search of food, and therefore are subject to atmospheric pressure changes of several hundred atmospheres every day. Deep-sea fish need only surface its own body. However, a large volume main buoyant body (floating bag) is required to lift a heavy object heavier than the submersible body as in the present invention. If you learn from deep-sea fish, you will need enough fat to fill the main buoyancy body. The density of fats and oils is about 0.8 to 0.94, which is lighter than water (1.0). Furthermore, if hydraulic pressure is applied to the main buoyant body filled with oil from the inside of the submersible, it can be easily balanced with the water pressure. Unfortunately, however, liquids such as oils and fats cannot shrink volume. On the other hand, the gas can be compressed to reduce the volume, and can be lowered in a reduced form (with reduced buoyancy). For this reason, it is possible to use fats and oils if it is a small main buoyancy body, but as a main main buoyancy body that has the function of increasing the volume of the main buoyancy body and aiming to increase buoyancy as the water depth becomes shallower as in the present invention. Cannot be used. Therefore, the entire contents of the main buoyancy body cannot be replaced from gas to fat by the water depth as in the case of deep sea fish. However, if the contents of the main buoyancy body are separately used for fats and oils depending on the depth, or if the contents are a mixture of fats and oils, the main buoyancy body contents independent of the depth can be achieved. As oils and fats used for these, petroleum-based mineral oil (density 0.8) and paraffin (density 0.87-0.94) are promising.

The invention described in claim 3 relates to means for the submersible craft described in claims 1 and 2 to obtain gravity in water. In general, submarines use seawater with a density of 1.02 as a weight for tanks in the ship when descending to adjust the balance between weight and buoyancy. However, in the present invention, depending on the target water depth, liquid oxygen having a heavy density of 1.18, dry ice having a density of 1.56, liquid nitrogen having a density of 0.81 or liquid hydrogen having a density of 0.071 is used as the weight. In addition, an auxiliary weight can be obtained by mounting excavation equipment, collection equipment, or materials to be disposed on the seabed on a luggage loading pit towed to the stern of the submersible. The main buoyant body (folding balloon) with bellows structure and the main buoyant body expansion / contraction drive mechanism for contracting and expanding the volume of the main buoyancy body are provided outside the bow of the submersible. Motor for moving the mechanism, compressor that sucks and compresses the gas in the main buoyancy body, liquefied gas production device that adiabatically expands and compresses the compressed gas, and detects the water pressure to keep the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body constant A control device, a levitation / descent control device, a storage battery as a power supply source for the control device and the drive device, and a generator for charging the storage battery are provided.
Before the submersible starts descent, the main buoyancy body expansion / contraction drive mechanism is actuated to contract the bellows type main buoyancy body, and at the same time, the gas inside the main buoyancy body absorbed by the compressor inside the submersible is sucked into the compressed gas. Or stored in a cylinder as a liquefied gas. Here, the descent starts when the amount of drainage of the main buoyancy body becomes smaller than the total weight (including the main buoyancy body) constituting the submersible craft. At this point, the gas transfer from the main buoyancy body to the compressor in the submersible is stopped. After that, the main buoyancy body is retracted while maintaining the balance between the gas pressure and the water pressure inside the main buoyancy body while contracting the main buoyancy body expansion / contraction drive mechanism. When the target water depth is reached, the main buoyancy body expansion / contraction drive mechanism is turned into expansion, the main buoyancy body is inflated while maintaining the balance between the internal pressure and the water pressure, and the submersible craft is stopped.

The invention described in claim 4 relates to means for the submersible craft described in claims 1 and 2 to obtain buoyancy in water. In general, when a submarine ascends, it discharges seawater from the tank to the outside of the ship, and rises lightly. However, although a cylinder for storing liquefied gas or compressed gas is provided inside the submersible craft of the present invention, the main buoyancy body is connected to the outside of the submersible craft, and when ascending, gas or compressed gas from the internal cylinder is compressed. The gas is moved to the main buoyant body, and the liquefied gas or compressed gas used as the weight when descending is reused as the buoyant agent. The boiling points of these liquefied gases are -183 ° C for oxygen, -78.5 ° C for carbon dioxide, -196 ° C for nitrogen, and -253 ° C for hydrogen, but the water temperature at the deep sea floor is 1.5 ° C. Therefore, considering only the temperature, all the gases are naturally vaporized into high pressure gas. However, since only carbon dioxide (dry ice) does not gasify unless it becomes 130 atm or less, there is a limit to use it in a sea area shallower than 1300 m, but other gases can be used regardless of the depth. The amount of gas produced by the vaporization of these liquefied gases is enormous. Since the density of liquid oxygen is 1.18, when 1 cc of liquid oxygen is vaporized into a gas, it is 0.826 liters at 0 ° C. and 1 atm, which means that the volume has expanded about 826 times. Since dry ice has a density of 1.56, it is about 795 times. Nitrogen is 648 times because its density is 0.81. Since hydrogen has a density of 0.071, it is about 795 times. Thus, when the liquefied gas is vaporized or the dry ice is sublimated, the volume expands nearly 800 times, so that buoyancy can be obtained 800 times. Compared to submarine spouting 1.02 density seawater, the buoyancy is about 1 time, but it is clear that the method of vaporizing liquefied gas and using it for buoyancy is superior. Furthermore, since the buoyancy must be increased as the water depth increases, the amount of gas increases. For example, at a depth of 5000 m (water pressure 500 atm), the weight of gas to obtain 1 ton of buoyancy is about 714 kg for oxygen, about 981 kg for carbon dioxide, about 647 kg for air, about 624 kg for nitrogen, and 45 kg for hydrogen [ M (g) (weight per mole of gas) x 500 (atmospheric pressure) x 1000 (liter) /22.4 (liter) ≒ 22.3M (kg)]. At a water depth of 4000m, 570kg for oxygen, 785kg for carbon dioxide, about 647kg for air, 499kg for nitrogen, and 35.7kg for hydrogen. At a water depth of 2000 m, it carries 285 kg of oxygen, 392 kg of carbon dioxide, 250 kg of nitrogen, and 17.8 kg of hydrogen. At a depth of 1000m, 143kg for oxygen, 196kg for carbon dioxide, 125kg for nitrogen, and 9kg for hydrogen. However, since only carbon dioxide can be used within a depth of 1300 m, to obtain 1 ton of buoyancy at 1300 m, 280 kg of carbon dioxide or dry ice may be used. Thus, even when the same buoyancy is obtained, the number of moles is the same depending on the type of gas, but the weight varies greatly. For this reason, the buoyant agent is determined in consideration of the target descent depth and economy. Therefore, the critical water depth [h (km) = 224.2 / M] by gas type is estimated to be 7,000m for oxygen, 7,730m for air, 8,000m for nitrogen, 112,100m for hydrogen, and 1,300m for carbon dioxide. Thus, the buoyant agent gas is determined by the water depth. Thus, it is desirable to use dry ice at a depth of 1,300 meters or less, use liquid oxygen or liquid air at 1,300 m or more, and use liquid nitrogen or liquid hydrogen at 5000 m or more. In addition, if it is used as a buoyancy body with a buoyancy body (floating bag) filled with dry ice and connected to a rope for lifting at a depth of about 1,300 m, it can reduce the driving power to recover heavy objects on the surface of the water. it can.
Here, a heavy object is towed by a submarine that has reached the bottom of the sea, and preparation for ascent is underway. First, the main buoyant body expansion / contraction start mechanism outside the submersible is driven to expand the volume of the main buoyant body, and at the same time, the cock of the cylinder inside the submersible is opened to inject gas into the main buoyant body, and the submersible levitates. Is started, the cock of the cylinder inside the submersible is closed, and thereafter, the main buoyancy body expansion / contraction start mechanism is driven to expand the volume of the main buoyancy body while maintaining the internal pressure and the water pressure of the main buoyancy body in equilibrium. Thereby, as the water depth becomes shallower, the buoyancy increases, the levitation speed increases, and the buoyancy is completed when the main buoyancy body reaches the sea surface.

The invention described in claim 5 relates to a control mechanism for maintaining the internal pressure of the main buoyant body always in equilibrium with the water pressure, according to claims 1, 2, and 4. In order to prevent deformation and collapse of the hollow structure under high water pressure in the deep sea, the outer wall (outer shell) of the structure is made thick and the shape is made spherical. However, the total weight of this structure is heavy and cannot be used as a main buoyancy body where lightness is a prerequisite. However, no deformation or collapse occurs if there is no pressure difference on both sides of the material, whether under high pressure or in vacuum. That is, a lightweight main buoyancy body can be realized by creating an environment in which the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) of the main buoyancy body are always equal. The feature of the present invention is that the liquefied gas is used as the weight of the gravity source during the descent, and the liquefied gas is vaporized during the ascent to change the gravity source to the buoyancy source. If the liquefied gas is vaporized and converted to gas, the volume expands about 800 times. Therefore, a buoyancy of 800 times can be obtained. The main buoyant body is a gas and the outside is a liquid (water) compared to a medium with completely different physical constants. Liquids are insensitive to temperature, but gases are sensitive, with volume expansion and contraction. However, since the temperature at the depth of water targeted by the present invention is at most 1.5 ° C. and the main buoyant body is also in seawater, there is no fear of sharpening nerves with respect to the temperature.
In the present invention, mechanical means and electrical means can be considered as means for keeping the gas pressure and water pressure in the main buoyancy body in equilibrium. Since the mechanical method does not have a judgment part such as an electric circuit, the interlocking operation is easy, and in particular, the internal pressure and the water pressure comparison can take a 1: 1 correspondence. In general, a pressure control valve adjusts gas flow by rotating a pilot poppet with a pilot spring screwed on a handle. In the present invention, the pilot spring has a structure interlocked with a hydraulic cylinder that detects water pressure, and the hydraulic pump cylinder exposed to the sea surface has a structure that pushes the pilot with oil pressure, so that the water pressure and gas pressure can be directly controlled. On the other hand, the electric control device detects the internal pressure of water pressure and buoyancy with a sensor, and in order to determine the magnitude of the pressure with a comparison circuit, the output signal is amplified by current and the electromagnetic valve or motor is rotated forward or backward to respond quickly. Can be expected.

The invention described in claim 6 relates to the material and buoyancy gas of the main buoyancy body and auxiliary buoyancy body (bellows-type balloon) according to claims 1, 2, and 4. It is common knowledge that buoyancy bodies generally have a strong shell in the deep sea where the water pressure is high. However, many materials can be used as the main and auxiliary buoyancy bodies as long as the internal pressure and the water pressure of the main and auxiliary buoyancy bodies are always balanced. For example, at a water depth of 5000m, the water pressure is 500 atmospheres (517 kgf / cm ² ), so if you look at the compressive strength of the material based on this value, 4500 kgf / cm ² for the stainless rolled plate, the compressive strength of the plastics material is According to Non-Patent Document 3 “Plastics Technical Manual / Moriyasu Matsutani / Science and Technology” (http://www.as-1.co.jp/academy/17/17-2.html), nylon 6: 914kgf / cm ² (30% glass fiber nylon 6: 1340 kgf / cm ² ), rigid polyvinyl chloride: 562 to 914 kgf / cm ² , melanin resin: 2810 to 3160 kgf / cm ² , polycarbonate: 844 kgf / cm ² , acrylic resin: 844~1270 kgf / cm ² and more material is higher than the water pressure. The gas enclosed in the main and auxiliary buoyancy bodies is carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen gas. However, dry ice does not sublime at a pressure of 130 atmospheres or higher, so gas is generated spontaneously at a depth of 1300 m. And can serve as main and auxiliary buoyancy bodies. That is, of course, it can be used as a main buoyant body at a depth of 1300 m or less, but if it is connected as an auxiliary buoyant body between cargoes at a deeper depth than that, it will function as an auxiliary buoyant body at 1300 m. And play the role of lifting the luggage to the surface of the water. Alternatively, if this auxiliary buoyant body is connected to another floating baggage at a depth of 1300 m, the efficiency of transportation will increase. Or, it can be used as a means of transportation from 1300m to the surface of the water by linking luggage in the deep sea with a rope.

The invention according to claim 7 is a state in which the initial gas filling amount to the main buoyancy body and the auxiliary buoyancy body according to claims 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 is maintained (fixed). Thus, the present invention relates to a method for levitating a plurality of heavy objects in a connected state without external energy by utilizing changes in depth and water pressure. According to Boyle-Charles' law, the relationship between the volume (V) of the container and the pressure (P) in the container at temperature (T) is P × V / T = constant. For simplicity, the seafloor and sea surface temperature and seawater density are assumed to be constant. The water pressure at the seabed at depth h ₁ is W _h1 , the internal pressure of the main and auxiliary buoyant bodies is P _h1, and the volume of the main and auxiliary buoyant bodies at that time is V _h1 , the water pressure W _h2 = 1 (atmospheric pressure) at sea level h ₂ Since the internal pressure of the main and auxiliary buoyancy bodies is P _h2 = 1 (atmospheric pressure), the volume of the main and auxiliary buoyancy bodies at the sea level is V _h2 = P _h1 × V _h1 = W _h1 × V _h1 , The volume of the main and auxiliary buoyant bodies (V _h2 ) at is double the water pressure (Wh ₁ ) at the seabed. That is, the main buoyancy body that starts to float at a water depth of 5000 m has a volume 500 times that of the sea surface, so the buoyancy will be 500 times. Therefore, in calculation, it is possible to divide and lift a 500-fold weight load. Actually, the collected items are separated into a plurality of unloading containers, and the collected packages for each unit are respectively connected by hooks attached to the lower part of the plurality of unloading containers and shackles attached to both ends of the tow rope.籠 or foldable containers are connected in sequence, the top is connected to a hook attached to the stern part of the submersible, and ascent begins. The main buoyancy body is filled with a buoyant agent gas that vaporizes liquefied gas, and the buoyancy corresponding to the decrease in external pressure (water pressure) increases due to the volume expansion of the main buoyancy body as it rises. Corresponding heavy objects are sequentially pulled and surfaced. If necessary, if an auxiliary buoyant body is connected at an arbitrary position, buoyancy is generated at a point of 1300m in depth, and this auxiliary buoyant body helps ascend, so unloading work on the sea surface is easy. Become.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the propeller generates fluid energy generated when the submersible descents and ascends the power required for the submarine power source or the submarine resource excavation or collection of the submarine according to the first and second aspects. The present invention relates to a method for obtaining electric power by turning a generator by converting into rotational energy with a (screw). The electric power obtained here is used for the power for driving the control function of the submersible, the power for charging the storage battery, the power necessary for mining and collecting mineral resources in the deep sea, and the power consumed on the sea or on land. A general wind power generator has a structure in which a generator and a speed increasing gear are mounted in a nacelle on a tower. The reason for raising the tower is to obtain a stable and strong wind at a higher position and to secure a rotation area for rotating the large propeller. However, since the center of gravity of the entire wind power device is high because the tower is high, there is a considerable risk of falling and falling over the head. For this reason, in the conventional wind power generator, the generator is reduced in size and weight for the purpose of reducing the head. However, wind power is vulnerable to strong winds, lightning strikes, or hail. And it is also affected by the wind environment, so the operation time is short. To eliminate these shortcomings, let's think that the nacelle part of this wind turbine was cut off from the neck of the tower and pushed into the sea. In the sea, the nacelle is a submersible and the propeller is a screw. In general, rotational energy (W) obtained from a fluid such as wind or water flow is given by W = ρV ³ A / 2 when the receiving fluid area (A), fluid density (ρ), and flow velocity (V). Since the density of air is 1.2 kg / m ³ and the density of water is 1,025 kg / cm ³ , 854 times more energy can be obtained by changing the wind flow to the water flow. In this way, the power generation facility in water has 854 times the amount of power generation per boat compared to wind power generation, construction costs are low, operation time is 24 hours, and buoyancy increases as it approaches the water surface. The amount of power generation increases as the ascent rate increases. Generally, the amount of power generation increases as the generator rotates at high speed. Therefore, in the buoyancy / gravity power generation device of the present invention, since the propeller (screw) and the speed increasing gear are integrally structured and the density of water is high, the torque obtained from the propeller (screw) is large and the generator is efficiently rotated. be able to. The electric power obtained here is used as the power source for collecting collected materials at the bottom of the deep sea or deep lake, and at the same time, it is used for the power stored in the storage battery inside the submersible and the driving power of the driving equipment. Depending on the transmission line, it can be used as offshore or onshore power.

The method of lowering and ascent of heavy objects in water according to the present invention uses the mineral resources at the bottom of the deep sea or the bottom of the lake as a means of transportation to the water, and the descent uses the liquefied gas injected into the cylinder in the submersible as a weight, and the ascent is used as a weight. The liquefied gas used is vaporized and used as a buoyant agent, reciprocating between the sea floor and the sea surface using gravity, buoyancy and water pressure, and transporting heavy objects without supplying external energy. In addition, hydroelectric power is generated using fluid energy generated during descent and ascent, and power for controlling boat facilities, power for recovering mineral resources at the deep sea floor, or power for work on the ocean and land, will change the natural environment. It does not affect the landscape, does not adversely affect the landscape, does not require construction work, and can generate electricity 24 hours a day, so it has a great economic effect.

Schematic of a wind submersible craft. (A) is an external view and (B) is an internal structure diagram. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a submersible with an onboard generator specialized for carrying small packages. (A) is a diagram showing the descent, and (B) is a diagram showing the ascent. It is the schematic of the shape and structure of a loading container. (A) is a container for transporting solids, (B) is a state diagram in which a sealed container for transporting liquid objects is shrunk when lowered, (C) is a state diagram in the middle of recovery of liquid objects, and (D) is a container for recovering liquid objects FIG. It is a state figure until a submarine starts descent by gravity and stops at the seabed or a target depth. (A) is a descent preparation, (B) is a descent start, (C) is during descent, and (D) is a state diagram showing completion of descent. It is a state figure until a double submarine starts ascent by buoyancy and stops at the sea level or the target depth. (A) is ascending preparation, (B) is ascending start, (C) is ascending, (D) is a state diagram showing completion of ascending. It is the flowchart which showed the control mechanism for the internal pressure of a main buoyancy body always maintaining a water pressure and an equilibrium. FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a buoyancy body in which a central portion of a main buoyancy body (folding balloon) is hollow. (A) is a cross-sectional view of the main buoyancy body. (B) is a state diagram in which the volume is expanded. (C) is a state diagram in which the volume is reduced. (D) is a structural diagram in which the main buoyancy body is attached to a drive mechanism that expands and contracts the main buoyancy body. FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a buoyancy body having a main buoyancy body (folding balloon) multi-stage lantern shape. (A) is a longitudinal section when the volume is fully expanded, (B) is a longitudinal section when the volume is reduced to 1/10, and (C) is a longitudinal section when the volume is reduced to 1/4. FIG. 4D is a longitudinal sectional view when the volume is reduced to ½. It is the conceptual diagram which has arrange | positioned the main buoyancy body (folding balloon) horizontally at the bow of a submersible craft. (A) is a conceptual diagram when the main buoyancy body is expanded (when levitation is caused by buoyancy), and (B) is a conceptual diagram when the main buoyancy body is contracted (when descending due to gravity). It is an operation | movement conceptual diagram of the auxiliary buoyancy body using dry ice. (A) The water pressure is 130 atm or less, and (B) is a diagram showing a state in which the water pressure is 130 atm or more. It is the schematic of an envelope type buoyancy body. (A) is a structure for reducing the internal volume of the envelope-type buoyancy body by a winding method, and (B) is a conceptual diagram of a structure for expanding the internal volume by enclosing buoyancy gas in the envelope-type buoyancy body. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a buoyancy body having a structure in which a plurality of spherical buoyancy bodies are connected to one main spherical buoyancy body. (A) is a conceptual diagram in which all spherical buoyant bodies are degassed, (B) is a conceptual diagram in which gas is injected only into the main spherical buoyant body under high external pressure (water pressure) in the deep sea, and (C) is an external pressure during levitation. The conceptual diagram which divided the gas of the main spherical buoyancy body into the several spherical buoyancy body under (water pressure), (D) is a conceptual diagram of the spherical buoyancy body when it floats to the sea surface vicinity. It is a state figure which pulls and floats a plurality of heavy goods in the state where it is connected with a bead. (A) is the state diagram at the start of ascent, (B) is the state diagram during the ascent, (C) is the state diagram where the ascent is further advanced, (D) is the state diagram near the sea surface, and the auxiliary buoyant body is connected. FIG. It is a conceptual diagram of the method of generating electric power with the fluid energy which a submersible craft generates by ascent and descent. FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of a method for performing hydroelectric power generation using vertical axis impeller turbines attached to both sides of a submersible craft.

Hereinafter, an effective embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a submersible craft. (A) is an external view and (B) is an internal structure diagram. The main buoyancy body 2 and the drive mechanism 3 for expanding and contracting / expanding the main buoyancy body are provided outside the bow of the submersible 1, and the outer wall of the submersible 1 is restrained from rotating and shaking to maintain posture stability, and for power generation. To prevent the rotation of the screw 5 from competing with the main body of the submersible, a plurality of fins 4 are attached at an equal angle, and the propeller (screw) 5 and the towing mechanism 6 linked to the power generation device are attached to the stern for cargo towing. A hook 7 is attached, and the heavy object 9 loaded in the unloading container (籠) 8 is pulled to rise. The appearance of the submersible 1 is a spherical, elliptical, or cylindrical teardrop type, cigar type, or whale type. Inside the submersible 1 are electric power for controlling the ascent and descent of the submersible, electric power as a power source necessary for recovering mining heavy objects from the seabed, and power generators for obtaining electric power on the sea and on land ( Generator) 10 is provided. In the present invention, the main buoyancy body 2 is named in order to clearly distinguish the buoyancy body attached to the outside of the bow of the submersible 1. Outside the bow of the submersible craft, a main buoyancy body 2 is provided in which a gas obtained by vaporizing a liquefied gas or a compressed gas is enclosed in order to obtain buoyancy required for descent and ascent underwater. As a means for enclosing gas into the main buoyancy body 2 outside the bow of the submersible 1, a cylinder chamber 11 for placing liquefied gas, dry ice or compressed gas between the outer shell and the inner shell in the submersible, an inner shell A hydraulic compressor chamber 12, a liquefied gas production device chamber 13, a power storage base chamber 14, and a power generation device chamber (generator) 10 are installed inside. A motor 15 inside the submersible 1 drives a buoyancy mechanism 3 for expanding and contracting the volume of the main buoyancy body 2. When descending, the internal buoyant agent gas is transferred to the hydraulic compressor 12 inside the submarine by piping 16 while shrinking the volume of the main buoyant body 2 and liquefied as compressed gas or in the liquefied gas production apparatus chamber 13. The liquefied gas or compressed gas 18 exiting from the gas outlet 17 is stored in the cylinder chamber 11. During levitation, the liquefied gas or compressed gas 18 is pressed into the main buoyancy body 2 by the drive mechanism 3 that expands and contracts the main buoyancy body to increase the buoyancy while expanding the volume.
In the present invention, there is a mechanism for generating electric power by changing fluid energy generated when descending due to gravity and when surfacing due to buoyancy to rotational energy. For this purpose, a power generator room (generator) is provided at the stern of the submersible 1. ) 10 is linked to the propeller (screw) 5 outside the boat. The generator mounted on the submersible 1 can be divided into a large size and a small size and can be selectively used as necessary. When the generator is small, the storage battery 14 is used for charging as a driving power source for the main buoyancy body driving motor 15, and the seabed, the lake bottom and the surface of the water are specialized only for the transportation of luggage. On the other hand, a submersible equipped with a large generator can be specialized in power generation by reciprocating between the water surface and the bottom of the water.
As a buoyant body between the surface of the water and a depth of 1300m, it is equipped with an auxiliary buoyant body that is independent of the submersible and has its own mechanism for supplying buoyant material gas. It can be used for carrying goods under the sea surface shallower than 1300m. This auxiliary buoyant body is filled with dry ice, and when it reaches a position shallower than 1300m (lower pressure than 130 atm), dry ice sublimes spontaneously to generate carbon dioxide, which is enclosed in the auxiliary buoyancy body. It has come to be.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a submersible craft specialized for carrying a small load. (A) is a diagram showing the descent, and (B) is a diagram showing the ascent. The submersible boat 1 is different from the submersible boat 1 of FIG. 1 in that the boat has a spherical shape and the generator in the power generation chamber 10 is small. The generator 10 inside the boat is specialized for charging the storage battery 14 for supplying electric power for controlling the descent and ascent of the submersible. (A) is a diagram showing a state in which the submersible 1 is descending due to gravity. The main buoyancy body (folding balloon) 2 is contracted by the drive mechanism 3 that expands and contracts the main buoyancy body, and all the gas inside is liquefied. Or the state compressed and stored in the cylinder chamber 11 as liquefied gas or compressed gas 18 is shown. (B) is a diagram showing a state in which the submersible craft 1 is lifted up and down. The main buoyant body (folding balloon) 2 is inflated by a drive mechanism 3 that expands and contracts the main buoyant body to liquefy the inside of the submersible craft 1. A state where the gas or compressed gas 18 is discharged and the main buoyancy body (folding balloon) 2 is expanded is shown. In order to transport the heavy object 9 from the sea bottom or the lake bottom, the unloading container 8 is pulled by the hook 7, but it is necessary to carry the luggage separately into solid and liquid.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the shape and structure of the unloading container. (A) is a container for transporting solids, (B) is a state diagram in which a sealed container for transporting liquid objects is shrunk when lowered, (C) is a state diagram in the middle of recovery of liquid objects, and (D) is a container for recovering liquid objects FIG. (A) shows heavy resources (solid) 9 such as mineral resources, buried remains, sunken ships, drilling equipment to be transported to the seabed, mining equipment, waste as waste of collected minerals, etc. It is a basket 8 for carrying. (B), (C), (D) are closed-type unloading containers for liquids such as spring crude oil, deep water or sludge. The airtight container 19 reduces buoyancy as much as possible, and when it descends, it is transported to the seabed only by gravity. On the seafloor, the airtight valve 19 container opens the valve 20 of the fluid recovery material inlet to collect the liquid recovery material, and at the same time the container The airtight container contraction / expansion drive mechanism 22 is driven by the contraction / expansion motor 21. Then, after the liquid collected material is fully loaded, it is levitated. Therefore, the closed container is made into a folded container structure, transported to the bottom of the water in the folded state (B), and a method of inserting (C, D) the target liquid object while expanding the container at the bottom of the water is adopted.

FIG. 4 is a state diagram from when the submersible begins to descend due to gravity until it stops at the seabed or the target depth. (A) is a descent preparation, (B) is a descent start, (C) is during descent, and (D) is a state diagram showing completion of descent. In general, submarines take 1.02 of seawater from the outside as weights in tanks when they descend. However, in the present invention, the total weight including the main buoyancy body 2 attached to the outside of the submarine 1 and the heavy object 9 (materials to be transported to the seabed) is set to be heavier than the total amount of drainage. Do not take in seawater. First of all, as preparation for descent (A), the excavation equipment, the mining equipment for working on the seabed, or the material to be discarded on the seafloor is loaded as a heavy object 9 on the unloading vessel (籠) 8 at the stern of the submersible 1. The weight is connected to the pulling mechanism 6. In (B), a main buoyancy body (folded balloon with a bellows structure) 2 attached to the outside of the bow of the submersible 1 is driven by a main buoyancy body expansion / contraction / drive mechanism 3 by a motor 15 inside the submersible 1. A liquefied gas or compressed gas 18 produced by a compressor 12 that sucks and compresses gas in the buoyancy body and a liquefied gas production device 13 that adiabatically expands and compresses the compressed gas is stored in a cylinder 11. As a result, the buoyancy is reduced and the submersible craft 1 starts to descend. In (C), when the descent starts, the gas transfer from the main buoyancy body 2 to the compressor 12 in the submersible is stopped. Thereafter, the main buoyancy body descends while maintaining the balance between the gas pressure and the water pressure while contracting the drive mechanism 3 that expands and contracts the main buoyancy body. In (D), when it becomes close to the target water depth, in order to turn the main buoyancy body 2 into expansion, the drive mechanism 3 for expanding and contracting the main buoyancy body is moved, and the main buoyancy body (folding balloon) 2 is moved. The submersible is kept stationary by inflating while maintaining a balance between internal pressure and water pressure.

FIG. 5 is a state diagram from when the submarine starts to ascend by buoyancy until it stops at sea level or at a target depth. (A) is ascending preparation, (B) is ascending start, (C) is ascending, (D) is a state diagram showing completion of ascending. In general, when a submarine ascends, it discharges seawater from the tank to the outside of the ship, and rises lightly. On the other hand, the submersible craft 1 of the present invention moves the liquefied gas or compressed gas 18 stored in the cylinder 11 inside the boat to the main buoyant body 2 connected to the outside of the boat and uses it as a weight when descending. Alternatively, the compressed gas is reused as a buoyant agent. First, as preparation for ascending (A), a heavy object 9 such as a mineral resource or another sample collected on the seabed is mounted on the unloading vessel (籠) 8 at the stern of the submersible 1 and connected to the traction mechanism 6. In (B), in order to start ascent, the mechanism 3 for expanding / contracting / expanding the main buoyancy body is driven to expand the volume of the main buoyancy body 2 and simultaneously open the cock of the cylinder 11 inside the submersible. When gas is injected into the buoyant body 2 and the submersible starts to ascend, the cock of the cylinder inside the submersible is closed, and the submersible 1 starts to ascend.
In (C), when the levitation starts, the drive mechanism 3 for expanding / contracting / expanding the main buoyancy body is driven to expand the volume of the main buoyancy body while keeping the internal pressure and the water pressure of the main buoyancy body 2 in equilibrium. Thereby, as the water depth becomes shallower, the buoyancy increases and the ascent speed increases.
In (D), the main buoyancy body (folding balloon of bellows structure) 2 attached to the outside of the bow of the submersible 1 is driven by the main buoyancy body expansion / contraction / drive mechanism 3 at the time of reaching the sea or near the target depth. The cylinder 11 stores a liquefied gas or a compressed gas 18 produced by a compressor 12 that sucks and compresses the gas in the main buoyancy body 2 and a liquefied gas production device 13 that adiabatically expands and compresses the compressed gas. As a result, the buoyancy is reduced and the submersible craft 1 stops levitation. The heavy object 9 which is connected to the stern traction mechanism 6 of the submersible 1 and is levitated is collected by the clay of the work boat at sea.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control mechanism for constantly maintaining the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body in equilibrium with the water pressure. The most important thing in the present invention is to maintain the balance between the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) of the main buoyancy body at any location. As means for maintaining this balance, mechanical means and electrical means can be considered. The mechanical means does not have a judgment part such as an electric circuit, so that the interlocking operation is easy, and in particular, the internal pressure and the water pressure comparison can take a 1: 1 correspondence. In general, the pressure control valve adjusts gas flow in and out by pushing a pilot poppet with a pilot spring (rotating with a screw handle). In the present invention, since the pilot spring is pushed by the hydraulic pressure through the cylinder rod, the water pressure and the gas pressure can be directly controlled. On the other hand, the electric control device detects the internal pressure of water pressure and buoyancy with a sensor, and in order to determine the magnitude of the pressure with a comparison circuit, the output signal is amplified by current and the electromagnetic valve or motor is rotated forward or backward to respond quickly. It is carried out. While maintaining the internal pressure and external pressure (water pressure) of these main buoyancy bodies in equilibrium, first, the submersible boat starts to descend (starts diving) so that the volume of the main buoyancy body is shrunk and the total weight of the submersible craft is The gas in the buoyancy body continues to be transferred to the cylinder in the submersible craft until it exceeds. At the same time, the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body is compared with the external pressure (water pressure). If the internal pressure is greater than the external pressure (water pressure), the volume of the main buoyancy body is shrunk and the process of transferring the gas in the buoyancy body to the cylinder in the submersible craft. Repeat this step. On the other hand, when the external pressure (water pressure) is smaller than the internal pressure, gas is transferred from the cylinder in the submersible craft to the main buoyancy body, and the internal pressure and external pressure (water pressure) are compared again until the target depth is reached. repeat. However, in consideration of the breakage limit of the main buoyant body, for convenience, it is desirable that the allowable range of the internal pressure and the external pressure is 5% inside or outside. When the submersible reaches the target depth, gas is injected into the buoyant body from the cylinder in the submersible and the internal pressure and the water pressure are maintained at the same pressure, while the volume of the buoyant body is reduced slightly (1-5 %) Inflate until it exceeds. In other words, this operation is repeated until the buoyancy exceeds gravity (until the buoyancy starts to rise from the stationary state). At this point, the cylinder in the submersible is closed, the gas supply to the buoyant body is stopped, and a step to ascend is entered.
It is a feature of the present invention that a large number of heavy objects can be transported from the sea floor to the sea surface by floating. As the depth of the main buoyant body becomes shallower, the water pressure also drops (up 10 meters, it drops by 1 atmosphere). If the buoyancy is continued while the volume of the main buoyancy body is fixed, the internal pressure increases. However, in the present invention, the volume of the main buoyancy body is inevitably increased because the internal pressure and the water pressure of the main buoyancy body are maintained in equilibrium (equal pressure) while the amount of gas in the buoyancy body remains fixed. Buoyancy increases by that amount. Therefore, immediately after the start of levitation, the main buoyancy body's internal pressure and external pressure (water pressure) are maintained while maintaining the amount of gas charged in the main buoyancy body in the previous stroke (while the gas supply from the submersible is stopped). While adjusting to the pressure (allowable range is 5% inside / outside), the volume of the buoyant body is expanded to perform the ascent. Here, when the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) of the main buoyancy body do not reach the allowable range (the allowable range is 5% internal / external) and the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the external pressure (water pressure), the volume of the main buoyancy body is expanded and the internal pressure is the external pressure. When the water pressure is below, the volume of the main buoyancy body is reduced, the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) are converged within the permissible range (5% inside and outside), and continue to ascend. Start preparing for descent again.

FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a buoyancy body in which the center of the main buoyancy body (folding balloon) is hollow. (A) is a cross-sectional view of the main buoyancy body. (B) is a state diagram in which the volume is expanded. (C) is a state diagram in which the volume is reduced. (D) is a structural diagram in which the main buoyancy body is attached to a drive mechanism that expands and contracts the main buoyancy body. The main buoyancy body has a unitary structure in which donut-shaped buoyancy bodies are connected vertically (A, B). The main buoyancy body 2 is sandwiched between two upper and lower circular pressing plates 23, and the rotary expansion / contraction screw 24 is rotated by a motor 15 to contract or expand. At the time of contraction, the two holding plates 23 are brought close to each other, and at the same time, the main buoyancy body 2 is contracted while exhaling the gas of the main buoyancy body from the pipe 16, so that the submersible craft is lowered. On the other hand, when ascending, in the state of (C) with the volume reduced, the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) are made equal to stop the supply of gas from the pipe 16, and the ascent is started. Here, when the ascent is started, the depth becomes shallower, and the external pressure (water pressure) decreases accordingly. Therefore, the rotary expansion / contraction screw 24 is loosened by that amount, and the volume of the main buoyant body 2 is expanded. This operation increases buoyancy as the water depth decreases.
FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a buoyancy body having a main buoyancy body (folding balloon) multi-stage lantern shape. (A) is a longitudinal section when the volume is fully expanded, (B) is a longitudinal section when the volume is reduced to 1/10, and (C) is a longitudinal section when the volume is reduced to 1/4. FIG. 4D is a longitudinal sectional view when the volume is reduced to ½. This multi-stage lantern-shaped main buoyancy body is sandwiched between two holding plates 23 up and down, but the upper holding plate 23 is moved downward (in the direction of the arrow) by a wire 25 (inside the main buoyancy body 2). This is a structure in which the volume is reduced by contracting between the upper and lower pressing plates 23 by pulling, and the main buoyancy body can be reduced in weight.
FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram in which main buoyancy bodies (folding balloons) are horizontally arranged on the bow of a submersible craft. (A) is a conceptual diagram when the main buoyancy body is expanded (when levitation is caused by buoyancy), and (B) is a conceptual diagram when the main buoyancy body is contracted (when descending due to gravity). In this method, since the main buoyant body is not stable, a rope is attached to a necessary part of the main buoyant body, the plurality of ropes are fastened at the bow of the submersible, and the main buoyant body pulls the submersible.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of the operation of the auxiliary buoyancy body using dry ice. (A) The water pressure is 130 atm or less, and (B) is a diagram showing a state in which the water pressure is 130 atm or more. The buoyancy agent sealed in the auxiliary buoyancy body 26 is dry ice 27. As shown in (A), since dry ice does not sublime at a pressure of 130 atm or higher, it does not exhibit a role as a buoyant body at a depth deeper than 1300 m. However, when the water depth becomes shallower than 1300 m, as shown in (B), the water pressure becomes 130 atm or less, so that the dry ice 27 becomes carbon dioxide (sublimated dry ice) 28 at the 1300 m boundary, and the buoyancy body 29 is expanded, and the effect as the auxiliary buoyancy body 26 is exhibited. If this auxiliary buoyancy body 26 is connected as an auxiliary buoyancy body between the loads in the deep sea as shown in (A), it starts to function as an auxiliary buoyancy body at 1300 m and plays the role of lifting the load to the surface of the water. . Alternatively, if this auxiliary buoyant body is connected to another floating baggage at a depth of 1300 m, the efficiency of transportation will increase. Or you can connect the luggage in the deep sea with the rope 30 and use it as a means of transportation from 1300m to the water surface. Of course, it can be used as the auxiliary buoyancy body 26 as described above, but it can also be used as the main buoyancy body in the sea area with a depth of 1300 m or less.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an envelope-type buoyancy body. (A) is a structure for reducing the internal volume of the envelope-type buoyancy body by a winding method, and (B) is a conceptual diagram of a structure for expanding the internal volume by enclosing buoyancy gas in the envelope-type buoyancy body. A belt-like enveloped buoyant body (balloon) 31 made of plastic film has a pressure-resistant cylinder (with a valve) 32 for liquefied gas at one end, and an envelope-type buoyant body at the other end is expanded and contracted by winding. A drive mechanism 33 is attached and wound by the motor 15 to form an envelope-type buoyancy body 34 in a vacuum state. Between the envelope-type buoyancy body 34 and the envelope-type buoyancy body (balloon) 31 in a vacuum state, they are shut off by a gas shut-off rod-like valve 35 that sandwiches two rods and causes line closure. The envelope-type buoyancy body 31 is attached so as to pull the bow of the submersible craft. When the submersible descends, the envelope of the buoyant body (balloon) 31 is all closed by the drive mechanism 33 that closes the valve of the pressure cylinder (with valve) 32 for liquefied gas and expands and contracts the envelope buoyant body by winding up. Winding, descending in the state where the buoyancy is the smallest, and at the time of ascent, open the valve of the pressure cylinder (with valve) 32 for liquefied gas, and open the envelope type buoyant body (balloon) 31 to the volume corresponding to the buoyancy of the submersible 1 Inflate. In this state, levitation is started, and levitation is performed while adjusting the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) of the buoyancy body 31 to be equal. The volume of the belt-shaped envelope-type buoyancy body (balloon) 31 is expanded and the buoyancy is increased as the water depth becomes shallower and the water pressure decreases. In this device, dry ice is enclosed instead of liquefied gas, and it can be used as a buoyant body with a depth of 1300m or less.
FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a buoyancy body having a structure in which a plurality of spherical buoyancy bodies are connected to one main spherical buoyancy body. (A) is a conceptual diagram in which all spherical buoyant bodies are degassed, (B) is a conceptual diagram in which gas is injected only into the main spherical buoyant body under high external pressure (water pressure) in the deep sea, and (C) is an external pressure during levitation. The conceptual diagram which divided the gas of the main spherical buoyancy body into the several spherical buoyancy body under (water pressure), (D) is a conceptual diagram of the spherical buoyancy body when it floats to the sea surface vicinity. The main spherical buoyancy body 36 and all the spherical buoyancy bodies 37 are connected by pipes 40, and the pipes 40 at both ends of the main spherical buoyancy body 36 include a first valve (valve) 38 and a second valve (valve) 39. Has been. (A) is a buoyant body that has fallen due to gravity. For the purpose of levitation, as shown in (B), first, in order to press-fit the liquefied gas inside the submersible craft into the spherical buoyant body, the first valve 38 is opened (the second valve is kept closed). Gas is injected into the spherical buoyancy body 36 until the buoyancy of the submersible levitates (the main buoyancy body 36 alone is set in advance to a volume at which the submersible towing heavy objects starts to ascend). Next, as shown in (C), when the ascent is started, the second valve is opened and the gas of the main spherical buoyancy body 36 is divided into all the spherical buoyancy bodies 37 (the internal pressure and the water pressure of the buoyancy body are always in equilibrium). So as to control the expansion of the spherical buoyancy body) and continue to float. When the buoyancy body approaches the sea, all the spherical buoyancy bodies 37 and the main spherical buoyancy bodies 36 have an internal pressure of 1 atm as shown in (D). In this way, spherical buoyancy bodies are arranged in a rosary shape to constitute a buoyancy body, and a tow rope can be connected to an arbitrary piping portion with a good balance, and a submersible craft can be towed by a plurality of tow ropes.

FIG. 13 is a state diagram in which a plurality of heavy objects are pulled and levitated in a state where they are connected together. (A) is the state diagram at the start of ascent, (B) is the state diagram during the ascent, (C) is the state diagram where the ascent is further advanced, (D) is the state diagram near the sea surface, and the auxiliary buoyant body is connected. FIG.
In the present invention, the amount of gas injected into the main buoyant body 2 in the deep sea is not increased or decreased, and only the internal pressure and the external pressure (water pressure) of the main buoyant body 2 are kept constant (that is, the water pressure decreases as the water depth decreases). The volume of the buoyancy body 2 is increased), and the buoyancy can be increased. Therefore, for example, the main buoyancy body 2 that starts to float at a water depth of 5000 m has a volume 500 times that at the sea surface, and thus has a buoyancy 500 times. Using this relationship between buoyancy and water pressure, it is possible to divide and lift a 500-fold weight load. Actually, the hooks 7 attached to the lower parts of the plurality of discharge containers and the shackles attached to both ends of the tow rope 30 are used to sequentially connect the respective cages or the folding containers 8 with the top being the stern of the submersible 1. Connect to the hook 7 attached to the part and start ascending. The main buoyant body 2 is filled with a buoyant agent gas obtained by vaporizing the liquefied gas, and the buoyancy corresponding to the decrease in the external pressure (water pressure) increases as the buoyancy rises due to the volume expansion of the main buoyancy body 2. The heavy object 9 corresponding to the increase is sequentially pulled and floated. If necessary, if the auxiliary buoyant body 26 is connected to an arbitrary position, buoyancy is generated at a point at a water depth of 1300m, and this auxiliary buoyant body helps to ascend. It will be easy.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of a method for generating electricity with fluid energy generated by a submersible levitation or descent. The fluid energy generated when the submersible 1 descends and rises is converted into rotational energy by the propeller (screw) 5, which is rotated at high speed by the speed increasing gear 41 to rotate the generator 10 to obtain electric power. In particular, when the submersible 1 rotates in the same direction as the propeller (screw) 5, the rotational torque is canceled. If the rotations are opposite to each other, the rotational torque is doubled and the power generation efficiency is increased. However, the towed heavy object 9 and the power transmission cable 42 are twisted, causing trouble. Therefore, in the present invention, fins 4 are attached to the outer wall of the submersible 1 at equal angles to suppress the rotation and shaking of the submersible. Furthermore, the feature of the present invention is that the buoyancy increases as it approaches the water surface, and the amount of power generation increases as the ascent rate increases. The electric power obtained here is used as the power source for collecting collected material at the bottom of the deep sea or deep lake by the power transmission cable 42, and at the same time is used for the power stored in the storage battery inside the submersible or the driving power of the driving equipment. Further, surplus power is supplied as a power source offshore or on land by the transmission cable 42.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of a method for performing hydroelectric power generation using vertical axis impeller turbines attached to both sides of a submersible craft. A plurality of fins 4 for preventing rotation are provided outside a submersible for hydroelectric power generation by buoyancy and gravity, and a vertical axis impeller turbine 43 for driving a generator is provided on both sides of the submersible 1. The rotor (rotor) of the generator inside the submersible 1 is rotated through the rotation speed increasing gear. Here, each of the vertical shaft impeller turbines 43 on the port and starboard of the submersible 1 is rotated in the same direction, but the direction of the blades of the vertical shaft impeller turbine 43 on the starboard and port is determined. On the other hand, if the direction of rotation of the water turbine is reversed and one is connected to the rotor (rotor) of the generator and the other is connected to the stator (second rotor), twice the electric power is generated by each relative rotation. It is also possible to obtain.

Although the survey results indicate that there are abundant unexcavated mineral resources such as manganese nodules, manganese crusts, and hydrothermal deposits in the seabed and ground of the exclusive economic zone in Japan, the water pressure is high. Because of this, development is not progressing at all. This is thought to be due in part to the power required for excavation and collection and the difficulty of transportation to the ocean. Therefore, the present invention has found a means for solving these two problems by actively utilizing the water pressure and buoyancy at the deep sea floor. In other words, as a means of transporting deep sea bottom mineral resources to the ocean, the liquefied gas injected into the cylinder in the submersible is lowered to the sea floor as a weight, and the liquefied gas used as the weight is vaporized and floated as a buoyant agent. By doing so, it was possible to reciprocate between the sea floor and the sea surface only by gravity, buoyancy, and water pressure without any external energy supply. Furthermore, hydroelectric power can be generated using fluid energy generated during descent and ascent, and can be used as power for control in submersibles, power for recovering mineral resources at the deep sea floor, or power for work on the sea or land. This buoyancy / gravity power generation system is a power generation system that is not affected by changes in the natural environment, does not adversely affect the landscape, does not require construction work, and can generate electricity 24 hours a day, 24 hours a day. The present invention, which solves these power generation and transportation at the same time, calms the current situation of global resources depletion and resource soaring, or the emergence of new resource supply countries and associated influences on the international community. Needless to say, securing an alternative energy source for fossil fuels using inexhaustible marine resources and clean and renewable natural energy is also a global environment for our industry surrounded by the sea. In addition, it can be an economically important tool.

1 Submersible 2 Main buoyancy body
3 Drive mechanism that expands and contracts the main buoyancy body 4 Fin 5 Propeller (screw)
6 Towing mechanism 7 Hook (for luggage towing)
8 Unloading container (籠)
9 Heavy objects 10 Power generator (generator)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Cylinder chamber 12 Hydraulic compressor chamber 13 Liquefied gas production apparatus chamber 14 Power storage chamber 15 Motor 16 Piping 17 Gas outlet 18 Liquefied gas or compressed gas 19 Sealed container 20 Fluid recovery inlet valve 21 Container contraction / expansion motor 22 Sealed Container contraction / expansion drive mechanism 23 Presser plate 24 Rotating telescopic screw 25 Wire 26 Auxiliary buoyancy body 27 Dry ice 28 Carbon dioxide (sublimated dry ice)
29 Buoyancy body 30 Rope 31 Envelope type buoyancy body (balloon)
32 Pressure cylinder for liquefied gas (with valve)
33 Drive mechanism for expanding / contracting / expanding the envelope type buoyancy body by winding 34 Envelope type buoyancy body in a vacuum state 35 Gas-blocking rod-shaped valve 36 Spherical main spherical buoyancy body 37 Spherical buoyancy body 38 First valve 39 Second valve 40 Piping

Claims (8)

As a power source necessary for recovering mining heavy material from the seabed in a submersible that unloads mineral resources, buried remains, sunken ship, crude oil, deep water or sludge from the deep seabed and / or deep lake bottom. And / or a power generator for obtaining power on the sea or on land, and a main buoyancy body and / or an auxiliary buoyancy body as a buoyancy body for obtaining the buoyancy necessary for the submarine to descend and float underwater. The main buoyant body is filled with gas by liquefied gas or compressed gas, the auxiliary buoyant body is filled with gas sublimated with dry ice, and the hydraulic compressor and the buoyant body are driven to expand and contract inside the submersible craft. is provided with a mechanism, the floating means in the bow upper latent water boat equipped with a floating mechanism for the main buoyancy bodies submersible in which includes the expansion and contraction and expansion drive mechanism of the main buoyancy body to slide or expand and contract
Inside the latent water boat, a submarine provided with a cylinder which was injected liquefied gas or gas as drop means for lowering by gravity, the outer wall of the latent water boat plurality in order to thereby suppress the rotation or shaking Attach fins at an equal angle, and attach a screw linked to the power generator to the stern .
And in the descent means of the submarine, the means for obtaining a desired gravity at an arbitrary depth in the water is a liquefied gas which is press-fitted into a weight attached to the terminal part of the stern of the submarine and a cylinder provided inside the submarine. Alternatively, the descent speed and descent depth are adjusted by an adjustment mechanism that reduces the volume of the main buoyancy body in conjunction with a mechanism that compresses or expands the gas in the main buoyancy body as the levitation means by adjusting the filling amount of the compressed gas. A spherical, elliptical, or cylindrical submersible characterized in that it is possible . As a power source necessary for recovering mining heavy material from the seabed in a submersible that unloads mineral resources, buried remains, sunken ship, crude oil, deep water or sludge from the deep seabed and / or deep lake bottom. And / or a power generator for obtaining power on the sea or on land, and a main buoyancy body and / or an auxiliary buoyancy body as a buoyancy body for obtaining the buoyancy necessary for the submarine to descend and float underwater. The main buoyant body is filled with gas by liquefied gas or compressed gas, the auxiliary buoyant body is filled with gas sublimated with dry ice, and the hydraulic compressor and the buoyant body are driven to expand and contract inside the submersible craft. is provided with a mechanism, the floating means in the bow upper latent water boat equipped with a floating mechanism for the main buoyancy bodies submersible in which includes the expansion and contraction and expansion drive mechanism of the main buoyancy body to slide or expand and contract
Inside the latent water boat, a submarine provided with a cylinder which was injected liquefied gas or gas as drop means for lowering by gravity, the outer wall of the latent water boat plurality in order to thereby suppress the rotation or shaking Attach fins at an equal angle, and attach a screw linked to the power generator to the stern .
And in the descent means of the submarine, the means for obtaining a desired gravity at an arbitrary depth in the water is a liquefied gas which is press-fitted into a weight attached to the terminal part of the stern of the submarine and a cylinder provided inside the submarine. Alternatively, the descent speed and descent depth are adjusted by an adjustment mechanism that reduces the volume of the main buoyancy body in conjunction with a mechanism that compresses or expands the gas in the main buoyancy body as the levitation means by adjusting the filling amount of the compressed gas. A method of lowering and ascending a heavy object by a spherical, elliptical, or cylindrical submersible characterized by being made possible . As a means for the submersible craft to obtain buoyancy at an arbitrary depth in the water, in order to make the main buoyant body connected to the upper part outside the submersible detachable, a gas by a liquefied gas or a compressed gas is previously injected into the main buoyant body. The main buoyant body is a foldable buoyant body to maintain and adjust the ascent speed and levitation depth at an arbitrary underwater depth, and by expanding the volume without changing the gas pressure injected into the main buoyant body. A mechanism that adjusts the buoyancy and controls the volume by expanding and contracting the internal pressure in the folding main buoyancy body at an arbitrary depth of water, and maintains a balance between the external water pressure and the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body 2. The submersible craft according to claim 1, wherein the submersible craft is also capable of holding the submersible in a stopped state at an arbitrary underwater depth point. As a means for the submersible craft to obtain buoyancy at an arbitrary depth in the water, a liquefied gas or a compressed gas is previously injected into the main buoyancy body so that the main buoyancy body connected to the upper part outside the submersible can be expanded and contracted. The main buoyancy body is a foldable buoyancy body to maintain and adjust the ascent speed and the ascent depth at any depth of water, and the buoyancy can be increased by increasing the volume without changing the gas pressure injected into the main buoyancy body. The volume is controlled by expanding and contracting the internal pressure in the folding main buoyancy body at an arbitrary underwater depth point, and there is a mechanism that maintains the balance between the external water pressure and the main buoyancy body pressure. And the submersible levitation of a heavy object by the submersible according to claim 2, wherein the submersible can also be held in a stopped state at an arbitrary underwater depth point. Law. As a mechanism for maintaining the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body provided in the submersible craft at an arbitrary depth, the differential pressure between the water pressure outside the main buoyancy body and the internal pressure inside the main buoyancy body is minimized. If the water pressure is higher than the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body, open the solenoid valve of the cylinder into which the liquefied gas or gas is injected, and bring the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body close to the water pressure, and if the water pressure is lower than the internal pressure of the main buoyancy body, 5. The method for lowering and levitating heavy objects in water by the submersible craft according to claim 2 and 4, further comprising a control mechanism for driving a telescopic mechanism of the buoyant body to expand a volume of the main buoyant body. The main buoyant body and auxiliary buoyant body for obtaining the buoyancy are bellows type or folding balloon bodies made of plastics, metal, or rubber, and the gas that is the buoyant encapsulated in the main buoyancy body is carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, nitrogen Alternatively, the gas species selected from hydrogen gas, and the gas to be enclosed in the auxiliary buoyant body used in water having a water depth of 1300 m or less is a gas obtained by sublimating dry ice. A method of ascending a heavy object in water by the submersible craft according to claim 5. As a means for sequentially unloading heavy objects excavated and collected at the deep sea floor and / or deep lake bottom, a hook for fixing a rope for pulling a load is attached to the stern part of the submersible craft. In this case, the collected items are separated into a plurality of unloading containers, and the collected items for each unit are hooked or folded with hooks attached to the lower part of the plurality of unloading containers and shackles attached to both ends of the tow rope. At the beginning of levitation, the buoyant agent that vaporizes the liquefied gas is sealed in the main buoyancy body, and the buoyancy corresponding to the decrease in water pressure as the surface floats is expanded. The main buoyancy body and the dry ice sublimated when the heavy object floats within a depth of 1300 m are enclosed in a plurality of auxiliary buoyancy bodies connected to arbitrary positions between the unloading containers. The internal pressure of the auxiliary buoyancy body and the water pressure are kept in equilibrium, and a desired buoyancy is obtained according to the weight of the recovered material at an arbitrary water depth. A method for ascending a heavy object by a submersible underwater as described. The power generator as a means for the power source to obtain a power source is composed of a main buoyant body provided outside the submersible as a buoyant body for obtaining buoyancy when descending and ascending underwater. Is filled with liquefied gas or compressed gas, and has a hydraulic compressor and a drive mechanism for expanding and contracting the main buoyant body inside the submersible. A levitation means including a levitation mechanism in which the main buoyancy body of the submersible interlocked with the drive mechanism slides or expands and contracts;
The submersible craft is provided with a cylinder filled with liquefied gas or gas as descent means for the dive craft to descend by gravity, and a plurality of fins are provided on the outer wall of the submersible to suppress rotation and shaking. Is installed at an equal angle, and the speed increasing gear and the screw linked to the rotating shaft of the generator attached to the end of the submersible form an integral structure, and the screw rotates by the fluid energy to generate electricity, At the same time as obtaining electric power to be a power source for collecting collected materials at the bottom of the deep lake, the electric power is used to drive the driving equipment inside the submersible, and the surplus power is transmitted offshore or on land by transmission lines. 4. A buoyancy / gravity power generation apparatus using a submersible craft according to claim 1, wherein the buoyancy / gravity power generation apparatus is provided as a power source.