JP5623502B2 - Nitrate in situ manufacturing method and apparatus for water treatment system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for on-site production of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ), which produces water-soluble nitrate ions (NO ₃ ⁻ ), particularly in connection with oil field applications, and nitrate ions to water The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for contacting a treatment system.

Primary oil recovery generally yields less than 50% of a given geological structure or reservoir. Therefore, water injection is used to enhance oil recovery from porous rock formations that contain a lot of underground oil reserves. In oil enhanced recovery, a water treatment system is used to inject a solution made of water into an oil reservoir. A water treatment system is a device that collects or distributes aqueous solutions or certain equipment-equipped ground facilities (eg oil and gas wells, oil-water separators, water storage tanks, water treatment tanks, pipelines, and injection wells), A water treatment facility or water transport equipment may be included. However, this injection process, however, is known to produce hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) that oxidizes not only the oil / gas reservoir, but also the water treatment system and equipment related to the oil / gas recovery process.

Hydrogen sulfide is produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that convert soluble sulfate (SO ₄ ) in the water treatment system and oil / gas reservoir to hydrogen sulfide. This bacterium can occur during oil drilling, but it can also exist originally before drilling and is actually known to be present in the aqueous phase of all oilfield processes. ing. The details of this bacterium and the effect of this bacterium on oil fields are described in detail, for example, in (Patent Document 1).

Contamination of this oil / gas reservoir and water treatment system with hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has become a major process problem and expense for the petroleum industry. The presence of harmful amounts of hydrogen sulfide causes serious health and safety risks, severe corrosion of the equipment used to recover the oil, and settles to clog the recovery equipment and oil / gas reservoirs. The production of iron sulfide particles that cause oil can cause significant damage to the oil field's production capacity, thereby reducing the amount of oil and reducing the commercial value of the recovered crude oil. Therefore, extensive research has been done to prevent the production of hydrogen sulfide and / or to remove hydrogen sulfide once it has been produced in oilfield applications.

Treating the affected oil / gas reservoir and water treatment system with nitrate is effective in decomposing H ₂ S present and preventing further H ₂ S from being generated. is there. For example, it is known that adding nitrates and nitrate compounds to a system containing SRB reduces the amount of SRB in the system, ie, the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced by the SRB. This method utilizes Thiobacillus denitrificans strains and other denitrifying microorganisms present in the oil field water system. For example, by introducing nitrate into a water treatment system, thereby creating several mechanisms and conditions that prevent the nitrate from being used by denitrifying microorganisms and preventing SRB from producing hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide present therein is removed, and production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria is prevented.

  Nitrate for this purpose is typically made by oxidizing ammonia, or mined by conventional methods, and the resulting dry nitrate is transported, blended and taken from the liquid And stored in the immediate vicinity of the oil field or other remote location for use. The logistics chain throughout its supply chain for the production and transfer of dry nitrate compounds has revealed a number of safety and health issues that are unnecessarily expensive, while nitrate shortages and uses This leads to an intermittent supply to the point, or no supply at all. Currently, nitrates are (1) supplied in dry form from manufacturing plants, (2) transported by various means including rail, truck, and sea transport, and (3) stored in warehouses until needed. Is done.

  Transport and storage of large amounts of dry nitrate or nitrate blends in solution creates many safety and cost problems. Once needed, the nitrate is transported to a blending factory, blended with water to make a product suitable for use, and transported again to offshore and remote land locations far from the original nitrate production site. Mostly supplied to the oil and gas production process that is located. In addition, large amounts of nitrate must be stored on site.

  Conventional nitrate production schemes use the Haber process and rely on a stable source of natural gas as an important component of production. Production plants rely on natural gas prices that are directly related to nitrate costs. A new Haber-type manufacturing plant requires hundreds of millions of dollars and years to build and must be strategically located near a reliable source of natural gas. Transportation costs, storage costs, and blending costs have also increased significantly. As a result, as demand continues to increase, nitrate prices are at historical highs and are expected to continue to rise over time.

J. R. Postgate, The Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1984)

Therefore, in order to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulfide in the water treatment system or in the oil / gas reservoir supplied by the water treatment system, and / or to remove the existing hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, a need exists for an economical and effective means for producing nitrate in situ and contacting it with a water treatment system. In addition, it is effective in oil recovery (as a result, H ₂ S contamination does not adversely affect the reservoirs or equipment used in the oil recovery process) and produces nitrates in the field. There is a need for a means for contacting nitrate with a water treatment system.

  In connection with these and other needs, the present invention provides a system for producing nitrogen compounds in-situ and contacting a water treatment system. The system of the present invention includes (A) (i) a compression device that takes in ambient air, and (ii) oxygen and nitrogen that are connected to the compression device and that are present in the ambient air, and react and react with nitrogen compounds. An integrated system comprising an electric plasma arc reactor to be generated, (B) interconnecting the integrated system to a water treatment system, for contacting a nitrogen compound with the water treatment system to produce nitrate And (C) an oil and gas reservoir that receives water from the water treatment system in combination with the nitrogen compound.

  Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of producing nitrogen compounds at a facility and contacting the nitrogen compounds with a water treatment system in the vicinity of the facility, the method taking oxygen and nitrogen from ambient air; Treating and reacting oxygen and nitrogen present in the ambient air with an electric plasma arc reactor to produce nitrogen compounds, contacting the nitrogen compounds with a water treatment system to produce nitrates; and A step of sending water to the oil / gas reservoir in combination with the nitrogen compound.

1 is a block diagram of a system for producing nitrate in contact with a water treatment system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electric plasma arc reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a delivery device according to one embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for producing nitrate in situ according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention is used in any place where there is a need to control hydrogen sulfide generation by SRB or where there is a need to remove hydrogen sulfide already generated in a water treatment system. Can be. Hydrogen sulfide can cause serious damage to the equipment's oil recovery capability by corroding oil recovery equipment, clogging production equipment and producing iron sulfide precipitates that clog oil and gas reservoirs. This reduces the amount of oil, which reduces the market value of the oil produced. That is, in water treatment applications, the presence of H ₂ S in pipelines, tanks, and even other water handling equipment and facilities must be controlled. The addition of nitrates and nitrate solutions in water treatment applications not only removes the H ₂ S generated, but also by SRBs that may be present in the system or added later (eg during an oilfield drilling process). It is effective in preventing further generation of H ₂ S.

  Nitrate for this purpose is typically mined or manufactured by oxidizing ammonia, which is transported in a conventional manner in dry form, mixed into a solution consisting of a liquid, Stored in the immediate vicinity of the oil field or other remote locations for processing and use. The attendant technical, safety, and cost problems associated with transporting, blending, and storing nitrates and nitrate solutions are avoided by enabling on-site production of nitrates. In order to produce nitrates in the field, i.e. in the vicinity of equipment, devices for carrying out many chemical reactions are likewise arranged in the vicinity of the equipment. The device requires at least water, natural gas and ambient air, all of which must be present in an effective amount at the facility. The apparatus extracts water, natural gas, and air and processes all three using chemical reactors to produce nitrate ions. Typically, this chemical reactor will require the execution of the Haber chemical process referred to above, and the Ostwald process, also well known in the art. The nitrate ions thus produced can then be contacted with an aqueous system, such as a pipeline or tank, located at the facility.

  While this system solves several problems associated with the transport and storage of large amounts of nitrate, the practice of in situ nitrate production presents its own obstacles. First, the system described above requires that some raw materials be present and available for use. That is, a supply of water and natural gas must be present, and a device for extracting the water and natural gas must also be present or installed. Second, reacting the acquired feed input to obtain nitrate is a complex process. There are several stages in the process, each of which requires changing temperature and pressure.

An alternative to this Huber / Ostwald process is in principle a Birkeland-Eyde type process that can be performed by an electric plasma arc. In an electric plasma arc, as gas molecules travel across the plasma, they produce a highly ionized gas consisting of a stream of various unstable and highly reactive species. According to one embodiment, the electric plasma arc converts nitrogen, containing nitrogen and oxygen, into nitric oxide (N ₂ + O ₂ → 2NO), which is subsequently oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. (2NO + O ₂ → 2NO ₂ ). This nitrogen dioxide can be dissolved in water to give nitric acid (3NO ₂ + H ₂ O → 2HNO ₃ + NO). Thus, in contrast to the Haber / Ostwald process, the only supply inputs to this electric arc process are air and electrical energy.

  The Haber / Ostwald process has been used as an alternative to the historic Birkeland-Eyde process, for example, in synthetic fertilizer production, because the conventional electric plasma arc is an alternative to the Haber / Ostwald process. This is because it requires a considerable amount of energy and has a low nitrate production capacity. For oil well and water treatment applications, the need for daily nitrates in places where the resulting fertilizers (eg, nitrates) can be found is relatively low, and large sources of energy are typically Specifically, it can be used at oil wells or water treatment sites. This combination of factors greatly favors on-site production of nitrate in an electric plasma arc process. Furthermore, for hydrogen sulfide prevention and enhanced oil recovery applications, accepting higher energy consumption is more economically preferable than shipping and storing nitrate or relying on uninterrupted supply of water and natural gas. . The realization of in situ production of nitrate ions by an electric plasma arc process according to the present invention eliminates the need for such dependence.

  As described above, a system having an electric plasma arc reactor will react nitrogen and oxygen present in the ambient air to produce nitrogen compounds. When this nitrogen compound is brought into contact with water present in the water treatment system, nitrate ions are produced in the same manner as previously discussed. Although the presence of nitrate ions in the water treatment system reduces and prevents hydrogen sulfide production, oil specific applications enhance oil recovery. Furthermore, this system eliminates the high costs associated with the prior art, including nitrate transport and storage, and the need for an uninterrupted supply of natural gas and water.

The apparatus and method of the present invention is not limited to H ₂ S reduction and oil field applications. That is, the present invention controls hydrogen sulfide in waste landfills, cooling tower water, coal slurry pipelines, and other tanks, pipelines or equipment containing water or having an aqueous phase. Can be adopted. The apparatus and method of the present invention can be used in a pit, in a water storage pond, or in a water injection system (where water is placed underground). Furthermore, the inventive approach is suitable for applications in the mining industry (eg, metal recovery (biobleaching) and elimination of acidic mine drainage) to treat wastewater systems such as sewage, H ₂ S contaminated ballast in ship transport Suitable for treating water as well as various other environment-related applications.

(apparatus)
As shown in FIG. 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the system produces nitrogen compounds in situ to produce nitrate in the water treatment system 20. The water treatment system 20 may include ground facilities such as oil and gas wells, oil-water separators, water storage tanks, pipelines, and injection wells equipped with devices or equipment for collecting or distributing aqueous solutions. According to one embodiment, the source of water present in the water treatment system 20 can be seawater, recovered production water, or aquifer water. According to one embodiment, the water treatment system 20 contains SRB and / or denitrifying microorganisms, and further sulfide oxidizing microorganisms before the nitrogen compounds are contacted with the water treatment system 20. In a further embodiment, the water treatment system 20 originally contains carbon source nutrients for denitrifying microorganisms.

  The integrated system 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a compression device 30 for taking in ambient air (nitrogen and oxygen). According to one embodiment, the integrated system 10 is relatively small so that it can be easily transported from one of several water treatment systems 20 to another as needed. For example, the integrated system 10 may be the size of a regular office desk (approximately 5 feet x 2 feet x 3 feet). According to another embodiment, the size of the integrated system 10 can be increased or decreased to accommodate the size of the water treatment system 20 and the nitrate requirements that are to be operated thereby. Furthermore, the integrated system 10 may have wheels and / or skids that allow the integrated system 10 to be easily transported to several locations.

The integrated system 10 includes an electric plasma arc reactor 40 for reacting oxygen and nitrogen from ambient air to produce nitrogen compounds. The electric plasma arc process may be any process as long as nitrogen compound such as nitrogen monoxide (NO) or nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ) is obtained by reacting and treating nitrogen and oxygen. As shown in FIG. 2, according to one embodiment, the electric plasma arc reactor 40 includes an electrode 41, a chamber 42, and ports 43 and 44. The port 44 supplies air (nitrogen and oxygen) to the chamber 42. Preferably, an external power source supplies the electric plasma arc reactor 40 with a high voltage current. The electrode 41 discharges the received current into the chamber 42, which causes a high voltage arc discharge. This arc discharge effectively splits nitrogen and oxygen molecules to produce nitrogen oxides (NO, NO _x ). The electric plasma arc reactor 40 discharges the newly generated nitrogen oxide from the port 43.

  A delivery device 50 connected to the reactor 40 brings the produced nitrogen compound into contact with the water treatment system 20. According to one embodiment, and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the delivery device 50 is for pumping nitrogen compounds produced by the reactor 40 through the conduit 52 to the water treatment system 20. The pump 51 is included.

  The water treatment system 20 is supplied to the storage unit 60. The reservoir 60 may be any structure or environment where hydrogen sulfide control and / or enhanced oil recovery is required. Preferably, the storage unit 60 is an oil / gas storage unit. According to one embodiment, the reservoir 60 may be a landfill, a sewage facility, or other ground or groundwater storage facility.

  A controller 70 is operably connected to the compression device 30, the reactor 70 and the delivery device 50. The controller 70 controls the rate and amount of nitrate production. A sensor 80 for monitoring the nitrate concentration in the water treatment system 20 is operatively connected to the controller 70.

(operation)
A method for in situ nitrate production by contacting nitrogen compounds with the water treatment system 20 in the immediate vicinity of the integrated system 10 will now be described. Preferably, the portable integrated system 10 is located in the immediate vicinity of the water treatment system 20 in need of treatment. According to one embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 4, the compression device 30 belonging to the integrated system 10 takes ambient air and supplies oxygen and nitrogen to the electric plasma arc reactor 40.

As shown in step 120 of FIG. 4, an electric plasma arc reactor 40 treats and reacts nitrogen and oxygen in the ambient air to produce nitric oxide ions (NO). The ambient air is compressed and injected along with the electrical input into one end of the chamber 42 of the electric plasma arc reactor 40 to create a swirling vortex of air that creates a high temperature plasma arc above 2000 ° C. . Any electrical input source can be used to drive this reaction, including coal and gas fired power plants, or renewable sources such as wind, solar, or hydro (water). At such a temperature, nitrogen and oxygen in the air react to produce nitric oxide (N ₂ + O ₂ + heat → 2NO). The cooler air adjacent to the plasma arc pipe wall surrounds the plasma arc along the axis of the pipe and promotes the production of nitrogen dioxide (2NO + O ₂ → 2NO ₂ ).

As shown in step 130 of FIG. 4, the nitrogen compound generated by the electric plasma arc reactor 40 is contacted with the water treatment system 20 via the delivery device 50. When the produced nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide compounds are introduced into the water treatment system 20, these compounds are solubilized to produce nitrates (3NO ₂ + H ₂ O → 2HNO ₃ + NO). These nitrogen compounds can be added to the water treatment system 20 either batchwise or continuously. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the water treatment system 20 is contacted once with a nitrogen compound. In an alternative embodiment, the water treatment system 20 is repeatedly treated with nitrogen compounds. The choice of processing method depends on the system being processed. That is, if a single well is being processed, a single batch injection of nitrate and nitrite may be best. If the entire water treatment system is to be treated, however, a continuous process may be best.

The controller 70 and the sensor 80 control and monitor the nitrate concentration in the aqueous system (step 140). The application in which the integrated system 10 is used (eg, H ₂ S reduction, enhanced oil recovery) determines how the controller 70 and sensor 80 operate. The operation of the controller 70 and the sensor 80 can be automated. Furthermore, the controller 70 and the sensor 80 may be arranged to be remotely monitored. Automation and remote monitoring will help improve safety measures. Next, matters to be considered regarding H ₂ S reduction and oil enhanced recovery are described below.

(Hydrogen sulfide reduction)
In reducing H ₂ S according to one aspect of the present invention, an important consideration is that it is sufficient to promote the growth of denitrifying microorganisms that are normally present in the water treatment system 20 along with the SRB. That is, nitrates are produced. If the denitrifying microorganism is not present or is not present in the proper amount, however, it can be added to the water treatment system 20 along with nitrate. Denitrifying bacteria are known in the art and are described in THE PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON HABITATS, ISOLATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA, Volumes 1-4 (Springer-Verlag, 1981). The bacterium uses nitrate or nitrite as the final electron acceptor, that is, the bacterium obtains energy by breathing it like an animal breathes with oxygen. Some of this bacterium converts its nitrate (NO ₃ ) to NO ₂ , N ₂ O, and N ₂ , and others convert it to NH ₃ . Denitrifying bacteria can grow on the same carbon / energy source that the SRB uses, and from thermodynamic and physiological considerations, denitrifying bacteria An excellent competitor, that is, the SRB does not use it to grow and produce sulfide. Other growth conditions and mechanisms that destroy existing hydrogen sulfide and block the SRB's ability to produce sulfide are also established by this denitrifying bacterium. Those skilled in the art can easily determine the appropriate amount of nitrate to be produced using the principles described above, thereby removing the generated hydrogen sulfide and reducing the SRB to further hydrogen sulfide. Can be prevented.

(Oil enhancement recovery)
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a water treatment in which the controller 70 feeds a solution of water to the oil reservoir to perform enhanced oil recovery (also referred to as “microbe enhanced oil recovery”). The concentration of nitrate produced in system 20 is determined. Nitrate-stimulated denitrifying microorganisms act as agents, metabolites such as water diversion, biopolymers, biosolvents, biosurfactants, biogas, etc. throughout the microbial enhanced oil recovery process Will bring the mechanism. That is, denitrifying bacteria and the products of such bacteria are being redirected in the highly permeable layer (this allows water to be selectively redirected towards the less permeable layer. It causes the release of the oil by the mechanisms described above, including that which induces the expulsion of oil.

  Therefore, the growth of denitrifying bacteria in the water treatment system 20 not only removes the existing hydrogen sulfide and prevents further hydrogen sulfide from being produced, but also in the “microbe action enhanced oil recovery method”. It also provides a water treatment system 20 that can be used. Nitrate is produced in the water treatment system 20 before or during the oil recovery step so that hydrogen sulfide does not enter the underground. The water treatment system 20 can then be used in an oil enhanced recovery process known per se. For example, the nitrate-treated water treatment system 20 is injected into the underground oil-bearing layer, and the state, mechanism, and bio product including the biosurfactant, biosolvent, biopolymer, and biogas described above (all of which are oil producers) It is used to expel oil from its layer by the action and metabolism of microorganisms, which are known to help increase The denitrifying bacteria-containing water treatment system 20 with reduced or no hydrogen sulfide eliminates the clogging effect of iron sulfide precipitation, and typically increases the cost of the oil recovery process and eventually increases the oil field. Since there is little corrosion and destructive state of manufacturing equipment that leads to the early abandonment of oil, oil recovery is more effective.

Therefore, the present invention is suitable for the water treatment system 20 for use in oil enhanced recovery. The present invention reduces the amount of hydrogen sulfide present in the underground formation, which prevents oil rancidity, clogging, and corrosion. Since dry nitrate is never produced, and the reactor production ions are also immediately solubilized by water to nitrate, the health and safety problems associated with dry nitrate production and transportation are eliminated. In situ nitrate production will ensure a stable, uninterrupted and low-cost supply of nitrate needed to control H ₂ S contamination and to enhance oil production.

  The specific application of in situ nitrate production is directed to oil and gas field applications, but the same in situ nitrate production has or has been suspected of being a sulphide problem, which is the process resulting from biogenic sulphide production. It can also be used in other aqueous situations that have led to corrosion and health and safety issues. For example, transportation and storage of nitrates on site is dangerous, expensive, environmentally unacceptable or impractical in sewage treatment plants and landfills. The need for nitrates is that there is a field production of nitrate that only requires electrical inputs that can be created in the field even by air and clean, renewable energy sources such as wind, water, or sunlight. For isolated or remote locations that exist but are not practical or economical for the delivery of nitrates from off-site manufacturing and transportation chains, make such devices very suitable. Yes. It is contemplated that such further use of in situ nitrate production in an electric plasma arc process may include application on various agricultural sites such as in situ fertilizer sources.

Claims (22)

A system where nitrogen compounds are produced on-site and contacted with a water treatment system, including:
(A) (i) a compression device that takes in ambient air, and (ii) an electric plasma arc reaction that is connected to the compression device and generates nitrogen compounds by treating and reacting oxygen and nitrogen present in the ambient air Integrated system consisting of containers;
(B) a delivery device interconnecting the integrated system with the water treatment system for contacting the nitrogen compound with the water treatment system to produce nitrate; and (C) from the water treatment system in combination with the nitrogen compound. Oil and gas reservoir that accepts water;
Including the system.   The system of claim 1, further comprising a controller operably connected to each of the compression device, the electric plasma arc reactor, and the delivery device and configured to control the rate and amount of nitrogen compound production. . The system of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen compound is at least one of nitric oxide NO or nitrogen dioxide NO ₂ .   The system of claim 1, wherein the water treatment system comprises one or more of a pipeline, tank, well, water treatment facility, or water transport equipment.   The delivery device further comprises: (i) a water conduit extending from the integrated system to the water treatment system; and (ii) a pump for moving nitrogen compounds through the water conduit to the water treatment system. The described system.   The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor for monitoring nitrate concentration in the water treatment system.   The system of claim 1, further comprising a skid or wheel for transporting the integrated system.   The system of claim 1, wherein the size of the integrated system is modified to accommodate the nitrate requirements of the water treatment system.   The system of claim 1, wherein the compression device, electric plasma arc reactor, and delivery device are automated. A method of producing a nitrogen compound at a facility and contacting the nitrogen compound with a water treatment system in the vicinity of the facility, comprising the following steps:
(A) taking oxygen and nitrogen from ambient air;
(B) a step of generating nitrogen compounds by treating and reacting oxygen and nitrogen present in ambient air with an electric plasma arc reactor;
(C) contacting a nitrogen compound with a water treatment system to produce nitrate; and (D) sending water to the oil / gas reservoir in combination with the nitrogen compound;
Said method. Nitrogen compound is at least one of nitrogen monoxide NO or nitrogen dioxide NO _2, The method of claim 10. The method of claim 10, further comprising monitoring the concentration of nitrate ions (NO ₃ ) in the water treatment system.   11. The method of claim 10, further comprising contacting the nitrogen compound with a water treatment system to cause production of nitrate ions at a concentration sufficient to control hydrogen sulfide and enhance oil recovery in the water treatment system. the method of.   The method according to claim 10, wherein the water treatment system contains sulfate-reducing bacteria.   The method according to claim 10, wherein the water treatment system contains denitrifying microorganisms and sulfide oxidizing microorganisms.   11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of adding the denitrifying microorganism to the water treatment system before, at the same time as, or after the nitrogen compound is added to the water treatment system.   The method according to claim 10, wherein the water treatment system is a batch method in which the water treatment system is contacted once with a nitrogen compound.   The method according to claim 10, wherein the water treatment system is a continuous process in which treatment with nitrogen compounds is repeated.   16. The method of claim 15, wherein the water treatment system originally contains a carbon source nutrient for the denitrifying microorganism.   16. The method of claim 15, wherein the carbon source nutrient for the denitrifying microorganism is added to the water treatment system before, at the same time as, or after the nitrogen compound is added to the water treatment system. A system that produces nitrogen compounds in-situ and contacts a water treatment system, including:
(A) (i) a compression device that takes in ambient air, and (ii) an electric plasma arc that is connected to the compression device and generates nitrogen compounds by treating and reacting oxygen and nitrogen present in the ambient air An integrated system consisting of reactors;
(B) a delivery device interconnecting the integrated system with the water treatment system for contacting the nitrogen compound with the water treatment system to produce nitrate; and (C) from the water treatment system in combination with the nitrogen compound. Landfills that accept water;
Including the system. A system where nitrogen compounds are produced on-site and contacted with a water treatment system, including:
(A) (i) a compression device that takes in ambient air, and (ii) an electric plasma arc that is connected to the compression device and generates nitrogen compounds by treating and reacting oxygen and nitrogen present in the ambient air An integrated system consisting of reactors;
(B) a delivery device interconnecting the integrated system with the water treatment system for contacting the nitrogen compound with the water treatment system to produce nitrate; and (C) from the water treatment system in combination with the nitrogen compound. Underground water supply for receiving water;
Including the system.

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