JP5620237B2 - Fertilizer spreader - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fertilizer application device (broadcaster) provided with a hopper for storing an object to be spread such as a chemical fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, and to spread the object to be dropped dropped from the hopper.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a fertilizer application device (broadcaster) that includes a hopper that stores an object to be sprayed such as a chemical fertilizer and an organic fertilizer and that sprays the object to be sprayed dropped from the hopper has been widely used. The fertilizer application device is used for improving the efficiency of fertilization work on farmland. When fertilizing in advance before planting of a crop (in the case of original fertilizer), in the fertilization work, the material to be spread is dispersed in a relatively large amount. In addition, when additional necessary nutrients are given according to the growth of the crop (in the case of additional fertilization), in the fertilization work, the material to be spread is sprayed in a relatively small amount as necessary. As described above, in the fertilizer spraying device, it is desirable to adjust the spraying amount of the object to be sprinkled into the hopper as desired.

  Patent Document 1 describes an invention of a fertilizer feeding device in which the opening area of the feeding port 51 is increased or decreased so that the amount of fertilizer fed from the feeding port 51 can be adjusted. The fertilizer feeding device described in Patent Document 1 includes a bottom plate 50, an upper shutter 6, and a lower shutter 7. The bottom plate 50 is located at the bottom of the hopper 5 and has a center hole 52 into which the center drive shaft 2 is inserted. An outlet 51 is formed on one half side of the bottom plate 50 when divided into two by a virtual center line passing through the center hole 52, and the other half side is closed. The upper shutter 6 and the lower shutter 7 are rotatable around the center drive shaft 2 and are superposed on the upper and lower sides of the bottom plate 50, respectively. Both the upper shutter 6 and the lower shutter 7 are provided with large-diameter holes 61 and 71 corresponding to the outlet 51 of the bottom plate 50 on one half side and small-diameter holes 62 and 72 on the other half side. Here, the small-diameter holes 62 and 72 are provided at positions displaced in the rotational direction in relation to the upper shutter 6 and the lower shutter 7. In the feeding device, the upper shutter 6 and the lower shutter 7 are rotated so that the large-diameter holes 61 and 71 are superposed on the other half side (closed side) of the bottom plate 50 of the hopper 5 and the small-diameter holes 62 and 72 are formed. The state in which the bottom plate 50 is superposed on the outlet 51 and the large-diameter holes 61 and 71 are superposed on the outlet 51 of the bottom plate 50 of the hopper 5 and the small-diameter holes 62 and 72 are placed on the other half side (the closed side). The position of the outlet 51 can be adjusted.

Japanese Patent No. 4008635

  According to Patent Document 1, even if the fertilizer to be sprayed is a granular or powdery chemical fertilizer with good fluidity or an organic fertilizer such as compost with poor fluidity, two shutters (upper shutter 6 The lower shutter 7) is combined in two layers, and a simple mechanism is used to superimpose the bottom shutter 50 on the bottom plate 50 of the hopper 5, so that the feeding amount can be adjusted and controlled in a state adapted to the respective properties. It is supposed to be. Here, the outlet 51 is provided only on one half side of the bottom plate 50, and more than half is closed. For this reason, in order to drop the fertilizer located above the other half side of the bottom plate 50, the upper shutter 6 must be rotated halfway around the center drive shaft 2, which is shown in FIGS. As shown, a large and complicated mechanism including the rotation shaft 83, the rotation arm 84, the operation arm 85, the connecting rod 86, and the like is required, which causes an increase in cost.

  This invention is made | formed in view of said point, and it aims at implement | achieving the adjustment of the spraying quantity of the to-be-spread material thrown into the hopper, without enlarging a fertilizer spraying apparatus.

The fertilizer spreading device of the present invention comprises: (a) a hopper that stores the spread material; (b) a spreader that spreads the spread material that has fallen from the hopper; and (c) a bottom plate, a shutter unit, and a switching unit. And an adjusting portion provided between the hopper and the spraying portion, wherein the bottom plate is arranged in a circumferential direction around a predetermined point on the bottom plate. A plurality of pairs each including one drop hole and a first closed region that is larger than the first drop hole and adjacent to the first drop hole are arranged side by side, and the shutter portion is in the direction around the axis of the rotation shaft that passes through the predetermined point To change the opening area of the first drop hole between open and closed, and the switching unit rotates in the direction around the rotation axis passing through the predetermined point to rotate the first drop hole. the opening area of the dropping hole is changed between the open and partially open all, viewed in the axial direction of the pivot shaft Central angle forms a fan shape of less than 360 degrees.

  The fertilizer spraying device of the present invention viewed from another aspect includes (a) a hopper that stores the material to be sprayed, (b) a spraying unit that sprays the material to be sprayed that has dropped from the bottom opening of the hopper, and (c) A bottom plate, a shutter portion, and a switching portion, which are slidably overlapped with each other, and an adjustment portion provided between the hopper and the spraying portion, and the bottom plate has a circular shape. A straight line passing through the center point is a set of a first drop hole and a first closed region that is larger than the first drop hole and adjacent to the first drop hole at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the center point. Three or more pairs are formed side by side so that there is something that does not cover the first drop hole, and the shutter part is opened in the same shape as the first drop hole at a position corresponding to the first drop hole of the bottom plate. Provided at a location corresponding to a drop hole and a first closed region of the bottom plate. Forming a second closed region that covers the drop hole, and rotating around the rotation axis passing through the center point to change the opening area of the first drop hole between fully open and closed The switching portion has a semicircular shape when viewed in the axial direction of the pivot shaft, a third drop hole that opens in the same shape as the first drop hole of the bottom plate, and a circle centered on the pivot shaft. A third closed region that is provided at a position sandwiching the third drop hole when viewed in the circumferential direction and covers the first drop hole, and rotates around an axis of a rotation axis passing through the center point. The opening area of the first drop hole is changed between fully open and partially open.

  In addition, the “fan shape” described in the claims is not only one having a central angle of less than 180 degrees (acute angle, obtuse angle, etc.), but also a semicircular shape having a central angle of 180 degrees, In which the angle exceeds 180 degrees (is a dominant angle).

  According to the present invention, the opening area of the first drop hole of the bottom plate is adjusted only by rotating the shutter portion. Moreover, only a part of the first drop hole of the bottom plate can be opened and closed by using the switching unit. A plurality of pairs of the first drop hole and the first closed region are provided in the circumferential direction in the shutter portion, and the shutter portion is rotated 180 degrees to adjust the opening area of the first drop hole. There is no need to let them. Therefore, it is possible to achieve fine adjustment of the amount of application of the object to be applied put into the hopper without increasing the size of the fertilizer application device.

It is a side view of a fertilizer application device in a first embodiment. It is a top view of a fertilizer application device in a first embodiment. It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 2 in 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the adjustment part seen in the AA sectional view of FIG. 2 in 1st embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the adjustment part in 1st embodiment. It is a top view of an adjustment part in the 1st embodiment which shows the state where the 1st fall hole of the baseplate was closed in normal spraying mode. It is a top view of an adjustment part in the 1st embodiment which shows the state where a part of the 1st fall hole of the bottom plate was opened in normal spraying mode. It is a top view of the adjustment part which shows the state by which the 1st fall hole of the baseplate was completely open | released in normal spraying mode in 1st embodiment. It is a top view of the shutter plate and the switching plate in the normal spray mode in the first embodiment. It is a top view of an adjustment part in the 1st embodiment which shows the state where the 1st fall hole of the baseplate was closed in the small quantity spraying mode. It is a top view of an adjustment part showing the state where only a part of the 1st fall hole of one of the bottom boards was opened in the small quantity spraying mode in a first embodiment. It is a top view of the adjustment part which shows the state in which only the 1st fall hole of one of the baseplates was completely open | released in the small amount dispersion | distribution mode in 1st embodiment. It is a top view of a shutter board and a change board in a small quantity spraying mode in a first embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the adjustment part seen by the AA sectional view of FIG. 2 in 2nd embodiment.

  One embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. For convenience of explanation, this embodiment is referred to as a first embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is a side view of the fertilizer application device 101. The fertilizer application device 101 includes a hopper 102, an application unit 103, and an adjustment unit 104.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view of the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101. In FIG. 2, the agitator 160 (described later based on FIG. 3) is omitted. The hopper 102 has a funnel shape with a narrowed bottom, and its upper surface is open. In the hopper 102, the fertilizer 105 (refer FIG. 3) as a to-be-spread material is stored. A bottom opening 106 is provided at the bottom of the hopper 102. In plan view, the spraying portion 103 can be seen through the bottom opening 106. Such a hopper 102 is held by a frame 107 and can be rotated back and forth around a rotation fulcrum of the frame 107.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. The spreading unit 103 includes an input shaft 151, a flywheel 152, a yoke shaft 153, a yoke arm 155, a fork arm 156, a sub hopper 157, and a spreading cylinder 158. The spreading unit 103 swings the tip of the spreading cylinder 158 in the horizontal direction, and spreads the fertilizer 105 that has fallen into the sub hopper 157 from the bottom opening 106 of the hopper 102 from the tip of the spreading cylinder 158.

  The input shaft 151 protrudes to the front side (right side in FIG. 1) of the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101. A PTO shaft (not shown) provided on a tractor (not shown) is connected to the input shaft 151 via a universal joint (not shown). The rotational power from the tractor input from the input shaft 151 rotates the flywheel 152 via a coupling (not shown). The periphery of the input shaft 151 and the flywheel 152 is covered with an input shaft cover 151a.

  The yoke shaft 153 extends along the axis of the central axis 154 and rotates around the axis of the central axis 154. Here, the central axis 154 passes through the vicinity of the center of the bottom opening 106 so as to be orthogonal to the surface formed by the bottom opening 106 of the hopper 102, and intersects the axis of the input shaft 151. An agitator shaft 159 is disposed above the yoke shaft 153. The yoke shaft 153 and the agitator shaft 159 are disposed coaxially with the yoke shaft 153 along the central axis 154. The upper end of the agitator shaft 159 enters the inside of the hopper 102. From the outer periphery of the upper end of the agitator shaft 159, the agitator 160 extends radially.

  The yoke arm 155 extends from the yoke shaft 153 in the width direction of the fertilizer application device 101 (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIGS. 1 and 3). The fork arm 156 extends forward from the yoke shaft 153. The axis of the fork arm 156 is offset from the center of rotation of the flywheel 152 toward the outer periphery thereof. Further, the axis of the fork arm 156 passes through the intersection of the axis of the input shaft 151 and the center line of the yoke shaft 153. The front end portion of the fork arm 156 is connected and linked to the flywheel 152. The rear end of the fork arm 156 is divided into two in the horizontal direction, and is attached to each of the left and right ends of the yoke arm 155 so as to sandwich the yoke shaft 153, and rotates about the axis of the yoke arm 155. It is free.

  A sub hopper 157 is disposed above the yoke shaft 153 and below the hopper 102. The sub hopper 157 receives the fertilizer 105 that has fallen into the sub hopper 157 from the bottom opening 106 of the hopper 102. The agitator shaft 159 described above extends in the vertical direction so as to pass through the inside of the sub hopper 157. From the outer wall surface of the sub hopper 157, the spray cylinder 158 extends substantially horizontally to the rear side. A spray hole 158 a through which the fertilizer 105 in the sub hopper 157 passes is formed at the tip of the spray cylinder 158. The sub hopper 157, the spray cylinder 158, and the agitator shaft 159 rotate around the central axis 154 together with the yoke arm 155.

  When rotational power is input to the input shaft 151 and the flywheel 152 rotates, the front end of the fork arm 156 rotates around the axis of the input shaft 151, and the fork arm 156 swings accordingly, and the fork arm 156 The rear end of the motor moves the yoke shaft 153 and reciprocates the yoke shaft 153 in the direction around the central axis 154. When the yoke shaft 153 swings, the sub hopper 157 and the spray tube 158 also swing, and the fertilizer in the sub hopper 157 is sprayed from the tip of the spray tube 158. When the yoke shaft 153 swings, the agitator shaft 159 also swings, the agitator 160 reciprocally swings around the central axis 154, and the fertilizer 105 in the hopper 102 is scraped off.

  In addition, as the spraying unit 103, a centrifugal type in which the fertilizer 105 is sprayed by the centrifugal force of the impeller rotating around the vertical axis can be employed in addition to the method of shaking the spraying cylinder 158 as described above. .

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the adjustment unit 104 as seen in the cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the adjustment unit 104. The adjustment unit 104 is disposed between the bottom opening 106 of the hopper 102 and the spraying unit 103. The adjustment unit 104 is configured such that a bottom plate 201, a shutter plate 202 as a shutter unit, and a switching plate 203 as a switching unit are superposed in this order from above, and these are slidable with respect to each other. . The adjustment unit 104 adjusts the amount of dropping of the fertilizer 105 (see FIG. 3) from the hopper 102 to the sub hopper 157 by enlarging or reducing the substantial opening area of the bottom opening 106. Thereby, the spraying quantity of the fertilizer 105 from the spraying hole 158a (refer FIG. 3) of the spraying cylinder 158 is adjusted.

  First, the bottom plate 201 will be described. The bottom plate 201 is a bottom portion of the bottom plate 204 and has a disk shape. The bottom plate 204 has a wall 205 and a flange 206 in addition to the bottom plate 201. The wall portion 205 extends upward from the outer periphery of the bottom plate 201. The collar portion 206 extends in the horizontal direction from the upper edge of the wall portion 205. In addition, a sealant 207 formed of a flexible material for filling a gap between the inner surface of the wall 205 of the bottom plate 204 and the end of the bottom opening 106 of the hopper 102 is held by the hopper 102. It is provided.

  The intersection of the bottom plate 201 and the central axis 154 (described above with reference to FIG. 3) is called a central point 208. The center point 208 coincides with the center point of the circular shape formed by the bottom plate 201. The bottom plate 201 is provided with a center hole 209 for allowing the agitator shaft 159 to pass therethrough. The center point 208 is inside the center hole 209.

  Three first drop holes 210 are provided in the bottom plate 201. The three first drop holes 210 have the same shape, and are a first side 210a that forms an arc shape farthest from the center point 208 along the outer periphery of the bottom plate 201, and a linear third third that faces the first side 210a. A second side 210b that linearly connects the side 210c, one end point of the first side 210a and one end point of the third side 210c, and faces the second side 210b and is longer than the second side 210b. It opens in a quadrilateral shape surrounded by a fourth side 210d that is convex in a direction away from the side 210b. The three first drop holes 210 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction R around the center point 208. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the first drop hole 210 is arranged so that there is a straight line D passing through the center point that does not reach the first drop hole.

  A first closed region 211 is formed between the first drop holes 210 when viewed in the circumferential direction R on the bottom plate 201. The first closed region 211 is adjacent to the first drop hole 210. The first closed region 211 is larger than the first drop hole 210 and has a shape that can cover the first drop hole 210 when it is assumed that the first closed region 211 is rotated around the center point 208. . That is, the bottom plate 201 includes a first drop hole 210 and a first closed region 211 that is larger than the first drop hole 210 and adjacent to the first drop hole 210 in a circumferential direction around the center point 208. Are formed side by side.

  Next, the shutter plate 202 will be described. The shutter plate 202 has a disk shape. The shutter plate 202 is provided with a central hole 212 through which the agitator shaft 159 passes. The center hole 212 has a larger inner diameter than the center hole 209 of the bottom plate 201. In addition, a part of the outer periphery of the center hole 212 is expanded outward in a shape that fits a standing portion 228d (described later) of the bush 228. This enlarged area is indicated by the symbol “W1” in FIG. The shutter plate 202 allows the agitator shaft 159 to pass through the center hole 212 so that the shutter plate 202 can rotate about the axis of the agitator shaft 159, and all the opening area of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is opened (three It is changed between a state in which all of the first drop holes 210 are completely opened) and a closed state (a state in which all of the three first drop holes 210 are completely closed). Here, the agitator shaft 159 serves as a rotation axis that forms the rotation center of the shutter plate 202.

  Three second drop holes 213 are provided in the shutter plate 202. The second drop hole 213 is provided at a location corresponding to the first drop hole 210 formed in the bottom plate 201 and has the same shape as the first drop hole 210. A second closed region 214 is formed between the second drop holes 213 when viewed in the circumferential direction R on the shutter plate 202. The second closed region 214 is provided at a location corresponding to the first closed region 211 formed in the bottom plate 201 and has a sufficient area to cover the first drop hole 210. Here, the second drop hole 213 is larger than the first drop hole 210 as long as the opening area of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 can be changed between open and closed. Good.

  A cylindrical portion 215 extends downward from the outer periphery of the shutter plate 202. A gripping portion 216 extends in parallel with the shutter plate 202 toward the outside of the cylindrical portion 215 from two positions that are symmetrical with respect to the central axis 154 on the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 215. The cylindrical portion 215 is provided with a slit 217 cut in parallel with the shutter plate 202. In addition, a rod attachment hole 216b is provided on one side of the grip portion 216.

  Next, the switching plate 203 will be described. The switching plate 203 is plate-shaped, has a center hole 218 for allowing the agitator shaft 159 to pass through, and has a center angle of less than 360 degrees when viewed in the axial direction of the agitator shaft 159 passed through the center hole 218. It is formed in a fan shape. The “fan shape” here is not only one having a central angle of less than 180 degrees (acute angle, obtuse angle, etc.), one having a central angle of 180 degrees (so-called semicircle), and a central angle exceeding 180 degrees (excellent). Also included). In the present embodiment, a case where the switching plate 203 has a semicircular shape is shown. The center hole 218 has the same inner diameter as the center hole 212 of the shutter plate 202. Further, a part of the outer periphery of the center hole 218 is expanded outward in a shape that fits a standing portion 228d (described later) of the bush 228, like the center hole 212 of the shutter plate 202. This enlarged region is indicated by the symbol “W2” in FIG.

  The switching plate 203 allows the agitator shaft 159 to pass through the center hole 218 so that the switching plate 203 can rotate in the direction around the axis of the agitator shaft 159 so that the opening area of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is fully opened (three It is changed between a state in which all of the first drop holes 210 are completely opened) and a part of the opening (a state in which at least a part of any one of the three first drop holes 210 is opened). Here, the central axis of the agitator shaft 159 serves as a rotational axis that forms the rotational center of the switching plate 203.

  A third drop hole 219 and two third closed regions 220 are formed in the switching plate 203. The third drop hole 219 has the same shape as the first drop hole 210 formed in the bottom plate 201, and the third drop hole 219 is sandwiched between the two third closed regions 220 when viewed in the circumferential direction R. The third closed region 220 is provided at both ends viewed in the circumferential direction R (in other words, in the vicinity of each of the two fan-shaped radii 203a formed by the switching plate 203) and covers the first drop hole 210. It is wide enough. The second drop hole 213 may be larger than the first drop hole 210 as long as the entire opening area of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 can be opened.

  A plate-shaped switching arm 221 is attached to the switching plate 203. The switching arm 221 has a mounting part 222 and a turning part 223. The attachment portion 222 has a linear shape along one radial portion 203a on the lower surface of the switching plate 203. The attachment portion 222 is attached to the switching plate 203 by a bolt and nut 225 via a bracket 224 extending from the lower surface of the switching plate 203 while being passed through the slit 217. In FIG. 5, the bracket 224 and the bolt nut 225 cannot be seen. Further, the turning portion 223 extends from one end portion of the attachment portion 222 in a curved shape along a fan-shaped arc portion 203b formed by the switching plate 203. Bolt holes 226 are provided in the distal end portion and the middle abdominal portion of the turning portion 223. One of the two bolt holes 226 is selectively aligned with a bolt hole 216 a provided in the grip 216 of the shutter plate 202, and is then tightened by a bolt nut 227.

  When the bottom plate 201, the shutter plate 202, and the switching plate 203 are overlapped in this order from above, the center hole 209 of the bottom plate 201, the center hole 212 of the shutter plate 202, and the center hole 218 of the switching plate 203 are positioned. The bushes 228 are fitted from below. The bush 228 is attached to the bottom plate 201 by bolts and nuts 229 (described later), and prevents the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 from falling off. The bush 228 includes a first cylinder part 228a, a second cylinder part 228b, a base part 228c, and a standing part 228d. The first cylindrical portion 228 a has a cylindrical shape in which the agitator shaft 159 is inherently moved so as to move smoothly and the outer periphery is fitted in the center hole 209 of the bottom plate 201. The 2nd cylinder part 228b is provided in the outer periphery of the 1st cylinder part 228a, and makes short cylinder shape than the 1st cylinder part 228a. The outer periphery of the first tube portion 228 a is fitted into the center hole 212 of the shutter plate 202 and the center hole 218 of the switching plate 203. The base portion 228c is formed in a ring shape in which the lower end surface of the first tube portion 228a and the lower end surface of the second tube portion 228b are aligned to expand wider than the cross section of the second tube portion 228b. The erected portion 228d is second in the direction in which the first tube portion 228a and the second tube portion 228b exist from two locations facing each other across the second tube portion 228b from the outside of the second tube portion 228b in the base portion 228c. It rises shorter than the cylindrical portion 228b. When the region W1 provided in the bottom plate 201 and the region W2 provided in the switching plate 203 are aligned, the bottom plate 201 and the switching plate 203 can move downward by the height of the standing portion 228d, and contact the bottom plate 201. A gap between the contact surfaces can be opened. Thereby, the fertilizer and foreign material pinched | interposed into the clearance gap can be removed.

  When the bush 228 is attached to the bottom plate 201, the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 228a is in contact with the inner edge of the center hole 209, and the upper surface of the first cylindrical portion 228a is the lower surface of the bottom plate 201 and the bolt nut 229 ( (Not shown in FIG. 5). At this time, the outer peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 228b is slidably in contact with both the inner edge of the center hole 212 of the shutter plate 202 and the inner edge of the center hole 218 of the switching plate 203. Further, the upper surface of the standing portion 228d slidably supports the peripheral portion of the center hole 218 on the lower surface of the switching plate 203. After the bush 228 is attached to the bottom plate 201 in this way, the agitator shaft 159 protruding upward in the sub hopper 157 is inserted into the first tube portion 228a of the bush 228, and the tube portion 215 of the shutter plate 202 enters the sub hopper 157. . Thereafter, the sealing material 207 is fitted into the hopper 102 and fills the gap between the hopper 102 and the bottom plate 201. An agitator 160 is attached to the upper end portion of the agitator shaft 159 protruding upward from the bottom plate 201.

  Refer to FIG. 1 again. An electric actuator 108 is disposed on the front side of the fertilizer application device 101 and above the input shaft cover 151a. An operation lever 109 extends from the electric actuator 108 toward the front side and the lower side of the fertilizer application device 101. From the middle part of the operation lever 109, the shutter rod 110 extends substantially horizontally toward the rear side of the fertilizer application device 101. The rear end portion of the shutter rod 110 is bent and directed upward, and is attached to the rod attachment hole 216b of the grip portion 216.

  When the lower end portion of the operation lever 109 is pulled up to the front side of the fertilizer spreading device 101, the shutter rod 110 is pulled to the front side of the fertilizer spreading device 101, and the cylindrical portion 215 rotates around the agitator shaft 159 (see FIG. 5). Move. Accordingly, the shutter plate 202 (see FIG. 5) and the switching plate 203 (see FIG. 5) also rotate around the agitator shaft 159 (see FIG. 5). Further, when the lower end portion of the operation lever 109 is pushed down to the rear side of the fertilizer spreading device 101, the shutter rod 110 moves to the rear side of the fertilizer spreading device 101, and the cylinder portion 215, the shutter plate 202, and the switching plate 203 rotate. . Here, the sub hopper 157 is not in contact with any of the cylindrical portion 215 of the shutter plate 202 and the switching arm 221 of the switching plate 203, and the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 are sandwiched between the bottom plate 201 and the bush 228. Therefore, the bottom plate 201 (see FIG. 5), the hopper 102, the sub hopper 157, and the like do not move when the shutter rod 110 moves.

  The electric actuator 108 includes a power transmission mechanism (not shown) that includes a motor (not shown) as a driving source, a gear, a link, and the like, and converts the driving force of the motor into a lifting force and a pushing force of the operation lever 109. include. For this reason, the operation lever 109 can be moved not only manually but also by driving the electric actuator 108. The technique for moving the shutter rod 110 by driving the electric actuator 108 is known and will not be described.

  In the fertilizer spreader 101 configured as described above, when the shutter rod 110 is moved by the operation on the operation lever 109 to rotate the shutter plate 202 (see FIG. 3), the first drop hole of the bottom plate 201 (see FIG. 3). The opening area 210 (see FIG. 3) is adjusted, and the fall amount of the fertilizer 105 (see FIG. 3) falling on the sub hopper 157 is adjusted. In addition, by using the switching plate 203 (see FIG. 3), only a part of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 can be opened and closed. The shutter plate 202 is provided with a plurality of sets each including the first drop hole 210 (see FIG. 5) and the first closed region (see FIG. 5) in the circumferential direction R (see FIG. 5). It is not necessary to rotate the shutter plate 202 as much as 180 degrees in order to adjust the opening area of the first drop hole 210. Therefore, the application amount of the fertilizer 105 put into the hopper 102 can be finely adjusted without increasing the size of the fertilizer application device 101. The details will be described below.

  FIG. 6 is a plan view of the adjusting unit 104 showing a state in which the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is closed in the normal spraying mode. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the adjustment unit 104 showing a state in which a part of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is opened in the normal spraying mode. FIG. 8 is a plan view of the adjustment unit 104 showing a state in which the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is completely opened in the normal spraying mode. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 in the normal spraying mode. 6 to 8, the opened portion of the first drop hole 210 is indicated by hatching. In FIG. 9, the open portion of the second drop hole 213 is indicated by hatching. The normal spraying mode refers to a state of the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101 that opens and closes the three first dropping holes 210 at a time and drops the fertilizer 105 from any of the three first dropping holes 210.

  Adjustment of the fall amount of the fertilizer 105 in the normal spraying mode is achieved by aligning one of the second drop holes 213 of the shutter plate 202 with the third drop hole 219 of the switching plate 203 so that all of the three second drop holes 213 are aligned. This is done by fixing the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 in a state in which the shutter plate 202 is fully opened, and rotating the shutter plate 202 thereon. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the bolt hole 226 (indicated by reference numeral 226 </ b> A in FIG. 9) provided at the distal end portion of the turning portion 223 of the switching arm 221 and the bolt hole 216 a of the grip portion 216 are aligned. Thus, the relative position between the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 is fixed. In this state, the operating lever 109 (see FIG. 1) is moved and the shutter rod 110 is moved in the front-rear direction of the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101, whereby the three first drop holes 210 are simultaneously closed in their opening areas (FIG. 6). ), Partially open (FIG. 7) and fully open (FIG. 8). Thereby, in the normal spraying mode, the three first drop holes 210 of the bottom plate 201 are opened and closed at once.

  FIG. 10 is a plan view of the adjusting unit 104 showing a state in which the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is closed in the small amount spraying mode. FIG. 11 is a plan view of the adjustment unit 104 showing a state in which only a part of the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is opened in the small quantity spraying mode. FIG. 12 is a plan view of the adjustment unit 104 showing a state in which only one first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is completely opened in the small amount spraying mode. FIG. 13 is a plan view of the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 in the small quantity spraying mode. 10-12, the open part of the first drop hole 210 is indicated by hatching. In FIG. 13, the open part of the second drop hole 213 is indicated by hatching. In the small amount spraying mode, two of the three first drop holes 210 are always closed, the remaining one first drop hole 210 is opened and closed, and the amount of fertilizer 105 dropped onto the sub hopper 157 is normally sprayed. It refers to the state of the fertilizer application device 101 that is less than the mode.

  Adjustment of the fall amount of the fertilizer 105 in the small amount spray mode is performed by closing two of the second drop holes 213 of the shutter plate 202 with the third closed region 220 of the switching plate 203 and opening only the second drop hole 213. In this state, the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 are fixed, and then the shutter plate 202 is rotated. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, the bolt hole 226 (indicated by reference numeral 226 </ b> B in FIG. 13) provided in the middle part of the turning portion 223 of the switching arm 221 and the bolt hole 216 a of the grip portion 216 are aligned. Thus, the relative position between the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 is fixed. In this state, the operating lever 109 (see FIG. 1) is moved, and the shutter rod 110 is moved in the front-rear direction of the fertilizer spreading device 101, so that the opening area of only one first drop hole 210 is closed (FIG. 10). Switching between partially open (FIG. 11) and fully open (FIG. 12), the three first drop holes 210 as a whole are not completely opened. Thereby, in the small quantity spraying mode, only one first drop hole 210 is opened and closed while the two first drop holes 210 of the bottom plate 201 are closed.

  To switch between the normal spray mode and the small spray mode, the operator removes the bolt nut 227 (see FIG. 5), and moves it along the slit 217 (see FIG. 5 etc.) with the swivel part 223 of the switching arm 221. The desired bolt hole 226 provided in the switching arm 221 and the bolt hole 216a of the grip portion 216 are made to coincide with each other and fixed by the bolt nut 227 again. Here, in order to move the switching arm 221 electrically, a rod (not shown) may be extended from the switching arm 221 and the rod may be moved by a driving source such as a motor.

  As described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 13, in the present embodiment, the overlapping state of the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 is determined to define the overall maximum opening area of the three first drop holes 210. In this state, the shutter plate 202 with the switching plate 203 fixed to the bottom plate 201 can be moved to open and close the first drop hole 210. By doing in this way, regardless of the physical properties of the fertilizer 105, the substantial opening area of the three first drop holes 210 is adjusted, and the spraying amount of the fertilizer 105 per unit area is highly accurate from a very small amount to a large amount. Can be set in detail. Moreover, in order to set a desired opening area, since the method of opening all the 1st fall holes 210 little by little and the method of closing some 1st fall holes 210 can be taken, the fertilizer 105 can be taken. This makes it possible to easily avoid a situation in which the first drop hole 210 is clogged.

  Furthermore, in the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, the switching arm 221 is located immediately below the shutter plate 202, and the movement of the switching arm 221 is not hindered by the fertilizer 105 accumulated in the sub hopper 157.

  Another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. For convenience of explanation, this embodiment is referred to as a second embodiment. In the present embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is also omitted. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the adjustment unit 104 as viewed in a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. The adjustment unit 104 in the present embodiment is configured such that the switching plate 203, the bottom plate 201, and the shutter plate 202 are superposed such that they are arranged in this order from above, and these are slidable with respect to each other. In other words, the switching plate 203 is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom plate 201, and the shutter plate 202 is in contact with the lower surface of the bottom plate 201.

  The plate-like switching arm 221 in the present embodiment will be described in detail. In the present embodiment, the bracket 224 extends from the upper surface of the bottom plate 201, and the mounting portion 222 of the switching arm 221 is attached to the bracket 224. At this time, the bolt nut 225 for fixing the mounting portion 222 of the switching arm 221 and the bracket 224 does not contact the agitator 160.

  The slit 217 in the present embodiment is provided not on the cylinder portion 215 of the shutter plate 202 but on the wall portion 205 of the bottom plate 201. A lid member 205 a is attached to the attachment portion 222. The lid member 205a is a horizontally long member that is slidably in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the wall portion 205 of the bottom plate 201 and is bent along the outer peripheral surface, and prevents the fertilizer 105 from leaking from the slit 217. As an example, the lid member 205 a is formed of a flexible acrylic member formed in a shape along the outer peripheral surface of the wall portion 205 or a rubber member wound around the outer peripheral surface of the wall portion 205.

  In the present embodiment, a ring-shaped sandwiching plate 230 is disposed on the upper surface of the switching plate 203 in the vicinity of the center hole 218. The pinch plate 230 is provided with a bolt hole 231 through which the bolt nut 229 passes. The sandwiching plate 230 sandwiches the switching plate 203 together with the bottom plate 201 and holds the agitator shaft 159 so as to be rotatable. The shutter plate 202 is sandwiched between the bottom plate 201 and the upper surface of the standing portion 228d of the bush 228, and is rotatable about the agitator shaft 159.

  Similarly to the first embodiment, when the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101 according to the present embodiment moves the shutter rod 110 by rotating the shutter lever 110 by operating the operation lever 109, the first drop hole 210 of the bottom plate 201 is rotated. The opening area of the fertilizer 105 falling on the sub hopper 157 is adjusted. Similarly to the first embodiment, the overlapping state of the bottom plate 201 and the switching plate 203 is determined to define the entire maximum opening area of the three first drop holes 210. In this state, the bottom plate 201 In contrast, the first drop hole 210 can be opened and closed by moving the shutter plate 202.

  Furthermore, in the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 are not in direct contact. For this reason, even if the shutter rod 110 is moved to rotate the shutter plate 202, the switching plate 203 does not start unintentionally.

  As yet another embodiment, the order of superposition of the bottom plate 201, the shutter plate 202, and the switching plate 203 may be different from that in the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above.

  Further, the shape of the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 is not limited to a plate shape. As an example, the durability of the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 may be increased by increasing the thickness of the shutter plate 202 and the switching plate 203 in the first embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Fertilizer spreading apparatus 102 Hopper 103 Spreading part 104 Adjustment part 105 Fertilizer (spread material)
159 Agitator shaft (rotating shaft)
201 Bottom plate 202 Shutter plate (shutter part)
203 switching plate (switching unit)
208 Center point (predetermined point on the bottom plate)
210 First drop hole 211 First closed area 213 Second drop hole 214 Second closed area 219 Third drop hole 220 Third closed area R Circumferential direction (circumferential direction)

Claims (4)

A hopper for storing the spread material;
A spraying unit for spraying the material to be sprayed dropped from the hopper;
A bottom plate, a shutter part, and a switching part are slidably overlapped with each other, and an adjustment part provided between the hopper and the spraying part;
With
The bottom plate includes a plurality of pairs of first drop holes and first closed regions that are larger than the first drop holes and adjacent to the first drop holes in a circumferential direction centered on a predetermined point on the bottom plate. Forming,
The shutter portion is rotated in the direction around the rotation axis passing through the predetermined point to change the entire opening area of the first drop hole between open and closed,
The switching unit rotates in the direction around the axis of the rotation axis passing through the predetermined point to change the opening area of the first drop hole between fully open and partially open, and the axis of the rotation axis A fan shape with a central angle of less than 360 degrees when viewed in the direction of the heart,
Fertilizer application device. The shutter unit is
A second drop hole provided at a location corresponding to the first drop hole formed in the bottom plate, and having the same shape as or larger than the first drop hole;
A second closed region provided at a location corresponding to the first closed region formed in the bottom plate, and covering the first drop hole;
The fertilizer application device according to claim 1, wherein The switching unit is
A third drop hole opening in the same shape or larger than the first drop hole formed in the bottom plate;
Provided at a location sandwiching the third drop hole when viewed in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis,
A third closed region obscuring the first drop hole;
The fertilizer spraying apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 which forms. A hopper for storing the spread material;
A spraying unit for spraying an object to be sprayed that has dropped from the bottom opening of the hopper;
The bottom plate, the shutter portion, and the switching portion are slidably overlapped with each other.
An adjustment unit provided between the spraying unit and
With
The bottom plate has a circular shape, and the first drop is arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the center point of the circular shape.
A set comprising a lower hole and a first closed region that is larger than the first drop hole and adjacent to the first drop hole.
Three or more pairs are arranged so that there is a straight line passing through the center point that does not reach the first drop hole.
All formed,
The shutter portion opens in the same shape as the first drop hole at a location corresponding to the first drop hole of the bottom plate.
The second drop hole to be opened and the first drop hole provided at a location corresponding to the first closed region of the bottom plate
Forming a second closed region that covers the front and rotating in the direction around the rotation axis passing through the center point.
Changing the opening area of the first drop hole between fully open and closed,
The switching portion has a semicircular shape when viewed in the axial direction of the rotation shaft, and is the same as the first drop hole of the bottom plate.
A third drop hole that opens in a shape, and the third drop hole as viewed in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis.
A third closed region that covers the first drop hole, and passes through the center point.
Rotate in the direction around the axis of movement to change the opening area of the first drop hole between fully open and partially open.
,
Fertilizer application device.

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