JP5612905B2 - Wheel shape measuring device, wheel shape measuring method, and wheel shape measuring program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention optically cuts predetermined measurement items related to the shape of the wheel such as the wheel diameter, the flange width, and the flange angle of the wheel while the train such as a train passes on the rail without contact with the wheel. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wheel shape measuring device, a wheel shape measuring method, and a wheel shape measuring program that measure with high accuracy by a method.

  Wheels such as railroad trains are worn by running, causing train vibration and rattling. For this reason, it is necessary to periodically inspect the wheel shape such as the wheel diameter, flange width, and flange angle of the wheel. As an apparatus for measuring a predetermined measurement item in a non-contact manner with a wheel, for example, there is a wheel measuring apparatus by a light cutting method using a laser beam (see Patent Document 1). This device irradiates the surface of the wheel on the surface of the wheel by separately irradiating the surface of the wheel with a laser beam from two directions in the range covering the flange portion from the reference groove side end surface of the wheel and the range covering the flange portion from the tread side end surface of the wheel. The cross-sectional contour shape is displayed, the cross-sectional contour shape is photographed with a separate camera from the same direction as the laser beam irradiation direction, each photographed image is three-dimensionally processed, and both processed images are synthesized to form a composite image And a reference image synthesized by the above method for a wheel having a known dimension value, and the dimension of the measurement location is measured from the difference between the two images.

JP 2008-180619 A

  However, in the above-described wheel shape measuring apparatus of Patent Document 1, although the irradiation direction of the laser beam and the shooting direction of the camera are irradiated from the vicinity of the rail toward the vicinity of the center of the diameter of the wheel, the center of the diameter of the wheel is used. It was not exactly detected and irradiated. In other words, since the laser beam was radiated toward the center of the wheel diameter, if the wheel diameter of the train to be measured is different in the first place, or if the tread surface of the wheel is worn, the laser beam There is a problem that the image of the tread surface irradiated with the light is distorted by the amount deviated from the center of the wheel diameter, which causes a shape measurement error in the optical cutting method.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a wheel shape measuring device, a wheel shape measuring method, and a wheel shape measuring device capable of accurately measuring a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel without contacting the wheel, And it aims at providing a wheel shape measurement program.

In order to achieve the above object, a first feature of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is that a laser filament is installed in a predetermined elevation angle direction with respect to a tread surface of a wheel that is installed with a predetermined elevation angle direction and passes on a rail. A laser beam transmitter that transmits light; and the laser beam reflected by the tread surface of the wheel is installed at a position where the laser beam light is incident in the predetermined elevation direction, and the laser beam is regularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel. A laser beam receiving unit that receives light and detects that the laser beam is transmitted from the laser beam transmitting unit toward the radial center of the wheel; and the predetermined elevation angle direction is set with respect to the wheel. When the laser beam receiver detects that the laser beam is transmitted from the laser beam transmitter toward the radial center of the wheel, the irradiated portion of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam is detected. The A predetermined camera related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiation site of the wheel processed by the image processing unit and the image processing unit that performs image processing on the image of the irradiation site of the wheel captured by the camera And a wheel shape measuring unit for measuring measurement items.

In order to achieve the above object, a second feature of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is that the wheel shape measuring device is installed in a predetermined elevation angle direction, and is in the predetermined elevation angle direction with respect to a tread surface of a wheel passing on a rail. A center detection signal transmission unit that transmits a center detection signal, and the center that is installed at a position where the center detection signal reflected by the tread surface of the wheel is incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction and is regularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel A center detection signal receiving unit that receives a detection signal and detects that the center detection signal is transmitted from the center detection signal transmission unit toward the radial center of the wheel ; and directed to the predetermined elevation angle direction and irradiated light There is provided as a surface to create a the central detection signal of the same surface, transmitted toward from the central detection signal by the central detection signal receiving unit is the central detection signal transmission unit to the diameter center of the wheel If it is detected that the for a given said wheel in elevation direction, and the laser beam transmitting portion in which the surface to create the irradiation light transmits the laser filament light such that the central detection signal of the same surface The center detection signal receiving unit detects that the center detection signal is transmitted from the center detection signal transmission unit toward the radial center of the wheel. A camera that captures an irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam, an image processing unit that performs image processing on an image of the irradiation site of the wheel captured by the camera, and the image processing unit that has processed the image. And a wheel shape measuring unit that measures a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel based on an image of an irradiation part of the wheel.

  In order to achieve the above object, a third feature of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is that, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus, an on / off cycle of the electronic shutter of the camera is determined from the laser light transmitting unit. The camera is synchronized with the blinking cycle of the laser filament light, and the camera captures the irradiated portion of the wheel irradiated with the laser filament light within one frame a plurality of times, and the image processing unit An image of the irradiated part of the wheel taken a plurality of times is subjected to image processing to output one image.

  In order to achieve the above object, a fourth feature of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is that, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus, the laser light transmitting unit A tread outside laser light transmitting unit that is installed facing a predetermined elevation angle direction and transmits a laser beam to the tread surface of the wheel, and the predetermined elevation angle direction is installed from the inside of the wheel to the tread surface of the wheel, A tread surface inside laser beam transmitter that transmits laser beam light to the reference groove and the flange portion of the wheel, and the camera is installed with the predetermined elevation angle direction directed from the outside of the wheel to the tread surface of the wheel. A tread outer camera that captures a tread outer image including the tread of the wheel, and a predetermined elevation angle direction from the inner side of the wheel to the tread of the wheel. A tread inner camera that captures a tread inner image including a lunge portion, and the image processing unit captures the wheel tread outer image captured by the tread outer camera and the tread inner image captured by the tread inner camera. And image processing to generate a composite image of the wheel including at least a tread surface of the wheel, a flange portion, and a reference groove, and the wheel shape measurement unit is configured to generate the wheel generated by the image processing unit. A predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel is measured based on the combined image of

  In order to achieve the above object, a fifth feature of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is that, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus, further, an inner surface laser beam that transmits a plurality of laser filaments to the inner surface of the wheel. A transmission unit, and an inner surface camera that images a plurality of laser filaments transmitted to the inner surface of the wheel by the inner surface laser, and the image processing unit includes a plurality of images captured by the inner surface camera. Based on the captured image of the laser line light, at least one of the attack angle of the wheel or the lateral deviation of the wheel is detected, and based on at least one of the detected attack angle of the wheel or the lateral deviation of the wheel, The composite image of the wheel including at least the generated tread surface of the wheel, the flange portion, and the reference groove is corrected.

In order to achieve the above object, the first feature of the wheel shape measuring method according to the present invention is the step of transmitting a laser beam in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to the tread surface of the wheel passing on the rail, Receiving the laser beam that is specularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, and detecting that the laser beam is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel; and the laser When it is detected that the filament light is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel, the step of photographing the irradiation part of the wheel irradiated with the laser filament light, and the irradiation part of the photographed wheel There is a step of image-processing an image, and a step of measuring a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel subjected to the image processing.

In order to achieve the above object, a second feature of the wheel shape measuring method according to the present invention is a step of transmitting a center detection signal in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to a tread surface of a wheel passing on a rail; Receiving the center detection signal that is specularly reflected by the tread surface and incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, detecting that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel, and the center detection signal When it is detected that the light is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel , the laser beam is applied so that the surface created by the irradiation light is the same as the center detection signal with respect to the wheel in the predetermined elevation angle direction. And, when it is detected that the center detection signal has been transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, a step of photographing the irradiated part of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam, And a step of image-processing the image of the irradiated part of the wheel, and a step of measuring a predetermined measurement item relating to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel subjected to the image processing. .

In order to achieve the above object, a first feature of the wheel shape measurement program according to the present invention is a step of transmitting laser beam light to a computer in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to a tread surface of a wheel passing on a rail. And receiving the laser beam that is specularly reflected by the tread of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, and detecting that the laser beam is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel; , When it is detected that the laser beam is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, a step of shooting an irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam, Performing image processing of an image of the irradiated region, and measuring predetermined measurement items related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the image of the irradiated region of the wheel. Located in.

In order to achieve the above object, a second feature of the wheel shape measurement program according to the present invention is a step of transmitting a center detection signal in a predetermined elevation direction to a tread surface of a wheel passing on a rail to a computer. Receiving the center detection signal that is specularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, and detecting that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel; and When it is detected that the detection signal is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel , the laser is generated so that the surface created by the irradiation light is the same surface as the center detection signal with respect to the wheel in the predetermined elevation angle direction. A step of transmitting striated light, and when it is detected that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, an irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser striated light is determined. A step of shadowing, a step of image-processing a captured image of the irradiated part of the wheel, a step of measuring a predetermined measurement item relating to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel that has been image-processed, , Is to execute.

  According to the wheel shape measuring device, the wheel shape measuring method, and the wheel shape measuring program of the present invention, the diameter center of the wheel is detected, the laser line light is irradiated toward the wheel diameter center, and the laser line light is irradiated. Is taken, and a predetermined measurement item relating to the wheel is measured based on the photographed image, so that the photographing error is reduced and the measurement accuracy is improved.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the whole wheel shape measuring device of Embodiment 1 which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the predetermined measurement item regarding the shape of a wheel, and its criterion. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the criterion of the predetermined measurement item regarding the shape of the wheel shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows examples, such as arrangement | positioning of the camera of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 1 at the time of seeing a right wheel from upper direction, a sensor. It is explanatory drawing which shows examples, such as arrangement | positioning of the camera of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 1, and a sensor at the time of seeing a right wheel from the inner lower side. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between two types of wheels (large diameter, small diameter) from which a diameter differs, and an elevation angle (eta). It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 1. (A)-(d) is a timing chart which shows the operation timing of each sensor and camera in the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 1, respectively. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the reception level in the laser beam receiver of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 1. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the procedure of the measurement process based on the synthesized image by the wheel shape measurement part of Embodiment 1. FIG. (A)-(e) is a timing chart which shows the other operation timing of each sensor and camera in the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 2, respectively. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a composite image of a tread outer image and a tread inner image by the image processing unit of the second embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 3 which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows examples, such as arrangement | positioning of the wheel shape measuring device camera of Embodiment 3, and a sensor at the time of seeing a right wheel from upper direction. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of arrangement | positioning etc. of the camera of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 3 at the time of seeing a right wheel from the inner lower side. (A)-(c) is explanatory drawing which shows the case where the wheel is each driving | running normally, the case where an attack angle is (alpha) degree, and the case where it has shifted | deviated laterally. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of Embodiment 4 which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the memory used for other Embodiment 5 which concerns on this invention. FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a reception level and an image capture timing of the fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 18.

  Embodiments 1 to 5 of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described below.

<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment has an outer passage sensor 11a, 11b, an inner passage sensor 12a, 12b, and a tread outer laser light irradiation unit 13a for each of the right and left wheels 10a, 10b of a train. , 13b, laser beam receivers 14a, 14b, tread outer cameras 15a, 15b, tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a, 16b, tread inner cameras 17a, 17b, image processing unit 18, wheel shape measuring unit 19, external The I / F unit 20 and the like are included.

  The outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b are provided on both sides of the left and right wheels 10a and 10b of the train, respectively, and detect passage of the wheels 10a and 10b.

The tread surface outside laser light irradiation units 13a and 13b function as a laser light transmission unit and a tread surface outside laser light transmission unit of the present invention. As will be described later, from the outside of each of the left and right wheels 10a and 10b of the train, A slit laser beam for measuring the shape by a light cutting method in a predetermined elevation angle η direction toward the treads 110a and 110b (see FIG. 2) and the flange portions 120a and 120b (see FIG. 2) of the wheels 10a and 10b, respectively. As the laser beam is transmitted. Here, the tread surface outer side laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b according to the first embodiment use the irradiated laser beam as laser beam for shape measurement by a light cutting method, unlike the fourth embodiment described later. In addition, the center detection signal is transmitted to the treads 110a and 110b of the wheels 10a and 10b as a center detection signal for detecting the center of the wheel diameter in a predetermined elevation angle η direction. The laser beam transmitter of the present invention that transmits the laser beam to be irradiated as a center detection signal is not provided in the tread outer laser beam irradiating units 13a and 13b but in the tread inner laser beam irradiating units 16a and 16b. You may make it.

The laser beam receiving units 14a and 14b function as the center detection signal receiving unit of the present invention, and are respectively transmitted by the tread outer laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b and reflected by the tread surfaces 110a and 110b of the wheels 10a and 10b ( The laser beam that is specularly reflected and is incident from the predetermined elevation angle η direction is received.

  The tread outer cameras 15a and 15b are electronic cameras such as CCD and C-MOS, respectively, and treads 110a and 110b and flanges of the wheels 10a and 10b from outside the train wheels 10a and 10b, respectively, in a predetermined elevation angle η direction. A tread outside image including 120a, 120b and the like is taken from outside the wheels 10a, 10b.

  The tread surface inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b function as the tread surface inner laser light transmission unit of the present invention, and each has a predetermined elevation angle from the inner side of each of the left and right wheels 10a and 10b of the train toward the tread surfaces 110a and 110b. In the η direction, laser beam light is transmitted as slit laser light for shape measurement by a light cutting method.

  The tread inner cameras 17a and 17b are electronic cameras such as a CCD and a C-MOS, and flanges 120a and 120b and reference grooves 130a and 130b on the inner sides of the train wheels 10a and 10b in a predetermined elevation angle η direction, respectively. The tread surface inside image including is taken from the inside of the wheels 10a, 10b.

The image processing unit 18, tread outer camera 15a, a tread outer image 15b is captured, tread inner camera 17a, 17b is image processing and image synthesizing the tread inner image captured, tread 110a, 110b, a flange portion 120a , 120b, reference grooves 130a, 130b, and the like are generated.

  The wheel shape measuring unit 19 measures predetermined measurement items to be described later regarding the shapes of the wheels 10a and 10b based on the composite image obtained by the image processing and the image processing by the image processing unit 18.

The external I / F unit 20 performs predetermined measurement items, which will be described later, on the shapes of the wheels 10a and 10b measured by the wheel shape measuring unit 19, and external devices such as an external monitoring device, a display device, a printing device, and a database. Output to and communicate.

  FIG. 2 is a front view of the lower portion including the tread of the right wheel 10a of the train measured by the wheel shape measuring unit 19 when viewed from the front of the train (front of the train) (the left wheel 10b is also the right wheel). 10a, but the illustration is omitted.) FIG. 3 shows an example of measurement items measured by the wheel shape measurement unit 19 and its determination criteria.

  First, as shown in FIG. 2, in the right wheel 10a, the surface that contacts the rail is the tread surface 110a, and the portion that is higher than the tread surface 110a so as not to be detached from the rail is the flange portion 120a and the inner surfaces of the wheels 10a and 10b. The formed groove is referred to as a reference groove 130a.

As shown in FIG. 3, the measurement items by the wheel shape measuring unit 19 of the wheel shape measuring device 1 include, for example , a wheel diameter (large wheel diameter) D, a wheel diameter (small wheel diameter) D, and a back gauge. There are BG, flange thickness F, flange height H, flange angle θ, flange tip size (direct wear limit) S, etc., and the determination criteria are predetermined.

For example , the judgment standard of the wheel diameter (large wheel diameter) D is 865 mm to 780 mm, the judgment standard of the wheel diameter (small wheel diameter) D is 765 mm to 680 mm, and the judgment standard of the flange thickness F is 22.5 mm to 28.28. 5mm, flange height H is 25.0mm to 35.0mm, flange angle θ is 27.0 ° or more, flange tip dimension (direct wear limit) S is 7.0mm The following are determined.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement of cameras and sensors of the wheel shape measuring device 1 according to the first embodiment when the right wheel 10a is viewed from above.

  FIG. 4 is a front view when the right wheel 10a of the train is viewed from above. The left wheel 10b is similarly arranged.

  In FIG. 4, an arrow 31 indicates the traveling direction of the right wheel 10a of the train.

  On both sides of the right wheel 10a of the train, an outer passage sensor 11a and an inner passage sensor 12a are provided so as to face each other.

Then, the outside passage sensor 11a, the traveling direction of the inner passage sensor 12a, tread outer camera 15a, tread inner camera 17 a, tread outer laser beam irradiation unit 13a, the laser light receiving section 14a, the tread inner laser beam irradiation unit 16 a is provided at a position and a horizontal angle, as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement of cameras and sensors of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment when the right wheel 10a is viewed from the inside and below. The left wheel 10b is similarly arranged.

  Here, in FIG. 5, for convenience of explanation, the outer passage sensor 11a and the inner passage sensor 12a are omitted, but originally exist.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the tread outer side laser light irradiation unit 13a, the laser light receiving unit 14a, the tread outer camera 15a, the tread inner laser light irradiation unit 16a, and the tread inner camera 17a of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment are All are attached in the direction of a predetermined elevation angle η toward the radial center 140a of the right wheel 10a.

  At that time, when the train travels on the rail and the laser line light irradiated from the tread outer side laser beam irradiation unit 13a at a predetermined elevation angle η is directed toward the center of the diameter of the wheel 10a, the tread of the wheel The laser beam receiver 14a is set and installed such that the laser beam reflected by 110a or the like is incident on the laser beam receiver 14a at a predetermined elevation angle η.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between two types of wheels (large diameter and small diameter) having different diameters and the elevation angle η.

In FIG. 6, when the position of the laser beam irradiation part or the camera is set as (x, z) and the diameter center coordinate of the wheel (small diameter) is set as (φ / (2 tan η), φ / 2),
x (= L = (φ / (2 tan η)) − φ cos η / 2)
z (= Ltan η = (φ / 2) −φsin η / 2)
It becomes.

  It can be seen that the smaller the elevation angle η, the farther apart the laser positions of the two types of wheels (large diameter, small diameter).

  Here, when the diameter of the wheel (large diameter) is 862 mm, the diameter of the wheel (small diameter) is 762 mm, and the elevation angle η is 30 degrees, each of the two types of wheels (large diameter, small diameter) is 43 in the x-axis direction. .3mm and 25mm will deviate. When the wheel (large diameter) has a diameter of 862 mm, the wheel (small diameter) has a diameter of 762 mm, and the elevation angle η is 60 degrees, each of the two types of wheels (large diameter, small diameter) is 3. 9mm and 6.7mm will shift.

Thus, when the elevation angle η is 60 degrees, the subject depth is shallower and the blur is less than when the elevation angle η is 30 degrees . The smaller the blur, the higher the accuracy in image processing. However, as the elevation angle η is further increased, the rail becomes an obstacle and the wheel tread becomes difficult to see.

  Next, operation | movement of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 is demonstrated with reference to a flowchart and a timing chart.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

  FIGS. 8A to 8D are timing charts showing the operation timing of each sensor and camera in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.

  First, as shown in FIG. 8A, when the wheels 10a and 10b enter between the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b, respectively, the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b. Is turned on, and when the wheels 10a, 10b pass between the outer passage sensors 11a, 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a, 12b, the outer passage sensors 11a, 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a, 12b are turned off (S10).

  In FIG. 8A, the on / off cycle of the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b is Tw.

  Then, while the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b are turned on, the wheel detection signal is output to the tread outer laser light irradiation units 13a and 13b.

  When the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b are turned on, the tread surface outer laser light irradiation units 13a and 13b, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), have outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and inner passage sensors 12a. , 12b is radiated at a predetermined elevation angle η to the treads 110a, 110b of the wheels 10a, 10b so that the surfaces created by the respective laser line lights are the same. S20).

  The laser beam receivers 14a and 14b function as center detection signal receivers when receiving laser beams from the tread outer laser beam irradiators 13a and 13b reflected from the treads 110a and 110b of the wheels 10a and 10b (S30). As shown in FIG. 9, the laser light reception level rises to a predetermined threshold level Rs or higher, and as shown in FIG. 8C, the time until the laser light reception level subsequently falls to the predetermined threshold level Rs or lower is set to a predetermined threshold level. It is determined whether or not the time Tr is exceeded, that is, whether or not the peak point is passed (S40).

  The laser beam receivers 14a and 14b reflect the laser beams from the tread surface outside laser beam irradiators 13a and 13b reflected from the tread surfaces 110a and 110b of the wheels 10a and 10b, and then rise to a predetermined threshold level Rs or higher. When the time until the level drops below the threshold level Rs becomes equal to or longer than the predetermined threshold time Tr (S40 “YES”), the laser beam reception level passes the peak point, and the laser beam irradiation direction also functions as a center detection signal It is determined that the radial centers 140a and 140b of the wheels 10a and 10b are on the line, and the operation is started with respect to the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, the tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b, and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b. A signal is output (S50).

  That is, as shown in FIG. 5 and the like, both of the tread surface outer side laser beam irradiating units 13a and 13b as the center detection signal transmitting unit and the laser beam receiving units 14a and 14b as the center detection signal receiving unit are provided on the wheels 10a and 10b. Since the reflected light exceeding the level Rs is received by the laser beam receiving units 14a and 14b for a predetermined threshold time Tr or more, the laser beam on the tread outer side laser is disposed toward the radial centers 140a and 140b. The centers of the diameters of the wheels 10a and 10b are positioned on the extension line of the elevation angle η of the light irradiation units 13a and 13b, etc., and the reflected light is reflected at the same angle as the elevation angle η of the incident light, and the tread outer laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b This means that the laser beam from the center is irradiated toward the center of diameter 140a, 140b of the wheels 10a, 10b.

  Then, not only the laser beam from the laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b on the tread surface but also the laser beam from the laser beam irradiation units 16a and 16b on the tread surface are the same as the surfaces formed by the laser beam beams. So as to be directed toward the radial centers 140a and 140b of the wheels 10a and 10b, and reflected by the treads 110a and 110b and the flange portions 120a and 120b of the wheels 10a and 10b.

  Then, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b lower the shutter in response to the input of the operation start signal, and at the predetermined elevation angle η toward the radial centers 140a and 140b of the wheels 10a and 10b, the wheels 10a. , 10b, the flange portions 120a, 120b, etc. and the laser beam reflected on them are photographed for a predetermined exposure time Ts (S60).

  That is, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b are exposed for a predetermined time Ts as shown in FIG. 8D based on the operation start signals from the laser beam receivers 14a and 14b. Each imaging part irradiated with the laser beam is imaged.

  Then, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b output images that are continuously captured during a predetermined exposure (photographing) time Ts to the image processing unit 18.

  Note that images taken by the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b are tread outer images including at least the treads 110a and 110b and the flanges 120a and 120b of the wheels 10a and 10b, as shown in FIG. The images taken by the tread inner cameras 17a, 17b are tread inner images including at least the reference grooves 130a, 130b of the wheels 10a, 10b, the inner side surfaces of the flange portions 120a, 120b, and the like. However, this is only an example, and only the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b or only the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b may be used, and the imaging region captured by these cameras is arbitrary.

  Then, in the image processing unit 18, the tread outer images from the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b continuously photographed for a predetermined exposure (shooting) time Ts from the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b. When the tread inner images from the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b are input, predetermined image processing is performed on the input tread outer image and the tread inner image, for example, the image is trimmed only on the irradiated portion of the laser beam, Thereafter, a composite image is generated in which the flange portions 120a, 120b, the reference grooves 130a, 130b, etc. are reflected from at least the treads 110a, 110b of the wheels 10a, 10b (S70).

Then, the wheel shape measuring unit 19 refers to the synthesized image synthesized by the image processing unit 18 and measures predetermined measurement items (see FIG. 3) related to the shapes of the wheels 10a and 10b as shown in FIG. (S80), and if necessary, a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheels 10a and 10b measured by the wheel shape measuring unit 19 via the external I / F unit 20 is displayed on an external monitoring device or a display device. Output to an external device such as a printing device or a database.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a procedure of measurement processing based on the composite image by the wheel shape measurement unit 19.

  Note that FIG. 10 shows, for example, a composite image of the right wheel 10a, and measurement is performed for each predetermined measurement item in the same manner with respect to the composite image of the left wheel 10b. About each predetermined measurement item, it is the same as each predetermined measurement item shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 10, the vertex of the flange portion 120a of the right wheel 10a is P1, and the distance from the vertex P1 to the reference groove 130a is C. Further, an intersection point of the wheel profile (shape) line and the tread surface 110a that has moved outward by B (62 mm) from the inner surface on the reference groove 130a side is defined as P3. And let P2 be the intersection with the wheel profile (shape) line when a straight line is drawn from P3 toward the inside of the wheels 10a, 10b.

  Then, the height difference between P1 and P2 becomes the flange height H (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

  Further, a point 13 mm lower than P3 (tread surface) is set as P4, and the difference in the horizontal direction in the figure between P4 and P2 is the flange thickness F (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

  Further, the angle between the tangent line at P4 and the extension line between the inner surface on which the reference groove 130a is formed is obtained as the flange portion angle θ (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

  Here, a point where the curved surface of the flange portion 120a is separated from a tangent line passing through P4 is defined as P5. The difference between the apexes P1 and P5 of the flange portion 120a is the flange portion tip dimension (upright wear degree limit) S (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

The wheel shape measuring unit 19 adds the reference groove diameter, which is the distance from the diameter center 140a of the wheel 10a to the reference groove 130a, and (C-H), and the wheel diameter D (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Further, a back gauge (BG (see FIGS. 2 and 3)) or the like is obtained from the profile of the inner surface of the wheel 10a.

  As described above, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b have the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b of the wheels 10a and 10b. When the passage is detected, the shutter is not lowered and the image is taken, but when the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b detect the passage of the wheels 10a and 10b, the tread outer laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b When the reflected light exceeding the level Rs is incident on the laser beam receivers 14a and 14b, that is, on the extension line of the elevation angle η that is the laser irradiation angle of the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, the diameters of the wheels 10a and 10b When the center is located and the reflected light is reflected at the same angle as the elevation angle η of the incident light, the shutter is lowered to shoot .

Thereby, according to the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b photograph the treads 110a and 110b toward the diameter centers of the wheels 10a and 10b. In addition, the cause of the shape measurement error in the optical cutting method does not occur, and the predetermined measurement items related to the shapes of the wheels 10a and 10b can be accurately measured without contact with the wheels 10a and 10b.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, as laser beam irradiation units that irradiate laser beam light (slit laser beam) by a light cutting method, tread outer laser beam irradiation units 13 a and 13 b and tread inner surfaces are used. Laser beam irradiators 16a and 16b are provided, and tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and tread inner cameras 17a and 17b are provided as cameras for photographing a portion irradiated with laser beam light (slit laser light). However, if only the outside of the tread surface of the wheels 10a and 10b or only the inside of the tread surface is photographed, the tread outer side laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b and the tread side inner laser beam irradiation units 16a and 16b are Of course, any one of the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b may be provided. In this case, that is, when only the outside of the tread of the wheels 10a and 10b or only the inside of the tread is photographed, the image processor 18 does not need to combine the tread outside image and the tread inside image. This also applies to Embodiments 2 to 4 described later.

<< Embodiment 2 >>
In the first embodiment, the tread outer cameras 15a, 15b and the outer surface sensors 15a, 15b and the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b are turned on once in one frame Tw in which the passage detection signals of the wheels 10a and 10b are turned on once. Although the tread surface inner cameras 17a and 17b have been described as taking images of the irradiated portions of the laser beam emitted from the tread outer laser beam irradiation units 13a and 13b and the tread inner laser beam irradiation units 16a and 16b, respectively. In the second embodiment, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b capture a plurality of times in one frame Tw. Therefore, since the configuration itself of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, only the characteristic operation will be described with reference to the configuration of the first embodiment.

  FIGS. 11A to 11E are timing charts showing other operation timings of the sensors and the cameras in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment.

  In the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the tread outer laser light irradiation units 13a and 13b and the tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b include the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner sensors. When the passage detection signals of the wheels 10a and 10b are turned on from the passage sensors 12a and 12b and the laser beam is continuously output, as shown in FIG. 8 (d), the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner camera Although it has been described that 17a and 17b shoot for a predetermined exposure (shooting) time Ts, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 2 of the second embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. The blinking cycles of the laser filament light of the portions 13a and 13b and the tread inner laser light irradiation portions 16a and 16b are set as tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, respectively. Tread inner camera 17a, blink in synchronization with the 17b electronic shutter on-off period 2τ of.

  If it does in this way, it will show in FIG.11 (e) in 1 frame Tw which is an on-off period when the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b detect the passage of the wheels 10a and 10b. As described above, the wheel 10a irradiated with the laser filament light a plurality of times (in FIG. 11, as shown in FIG. 11D, the exposure (photographing) time Ts is limited, for example, three times). , 10b can be photographed, and a tread outer image and a tread inner image of the wheels 10a, 10b can be photographed a plurality of times within one frame Tw.

Thereby, according to the wheel shape measuring apparatus 2 of the second embodiment, the optimum tread outer image and tread inner image are selected from the tread outer images and tread inner images of the wheels 10a and 10b photographed a plurality of times. Can be synthesized and measured. When the laser shutter and the electronic shutter are not synchronized (asynchronous), the timing waveform shown in FIG. 11 (b2) is obtained as in FIG. 8 (b).

  FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of image synthesis performed by the image processing unit 18 of the wheel shape measuring device 2 according to the second embodiment. In addition, in FIG. 12, an example of the image composition about the right wheel 10a is shown, and the same applies to the left wheel 10b.

  12, in the image processing unit 18 of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11E, the tread outer camera 15a and the tread inner camera 17a are, for example, tread outer images 15a1 to 15a3 (taken continuously three times). 12 (a)) and the tread inner images 17a1 to 17a3 (FIG. 12 (b)) are input, for example, based on the size of the reference groove 130a shown in the tread inner images 17a1 to 17a3 and the like. One tread inner image and tread outer image with 130a being the maximum optimum photographing timing are selected.

  This is because the tread outer camera 15a, 15b and the tread inner camera 17a, 17b are closer to the radial centers 140a, 140b of the wheels 10a, 10b as the image of the reference groove 130a shown in the tread inner image is larger. .

  Then, as shown in FIG. 12 (c), in the case of the tread inner image 17a2 photographed for the second time, the size of the reference groove 130a is the maximum. The outer image 15a2 and the tread inner image 17a2 are selected and combined to form a combined image 181.

  Of course, the image processing unit 18 may select the tread inner image and the tread outer image at the optimal shooting timing from the tread outer images 15a1 to 15a3 and the tread inner images 17a1 to 17a3. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is of course possible to generate an optimal tread inner image and tread outer image by adding them.

Therefore, according to the wheel shape measuring apparatus 2 of the second embodiment, as in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the diameter centers of the wheels 10a and 10b are on the extension line of the elevation angle η of the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b. When the reflected light is reflected at the same angle as the elevation angle η of the incident light, the shutter is lowered to shoot, so the tread outer cameras 15a, 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a, 17b are wheels 10a, 10b. The treads 110a and 110b can be photographed toward the center of the diameter, and an image in which the laser hits the tread by photographing with the diameters of the wheels 10a and 10b removed may be distorted by the amount off the center. Whilst also no longer occur cause shape measurement errors in the light-section method, the wheels 10a, the predetermined measurement item related to the shape of 10b, be accurately measured without contact to the wheel it can.

  In particular, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 2 of the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11B and 11E, the laser beams of the tread outer laser light irradiation units 13a and 13b and the tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b are obtained. The flashing cycle of the light is flashed in synchronization with the on / off cycle 2τ of the electronic shutters of the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b, and the tread outer images of the wheels 10a and 10b are within one frame Tw. And the inner image of the tread are photographed a plurality of times, and the optimal tread outer image and the tread inner image are selected from the images photographed a plurality of times, synthesized, and measured. The apparatus 1 can perform highly accurate measurement.

  In addition, although the wheel shape measuring device 2 of the second embodiment has been described by being applied to the wheel shape measuring device 1 of the first embodiment, it may be applied to the third and fourth embodiments described later.

<< Embodiment 3 >>
Next, the wheel shape measuring apparatus 3 of Embodiment 3 which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.

  The wheel shape measuring device 3 of Embodiment 3 detects the attack angle of the wheel and the lateral displacement of the wheel with respect to the wheel shape measuring device 1 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. The composite image of the wheel including at least the wheel is corrected.

  FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the wheel shape measuring device 3 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The configuration of the sensor and camera on the left wheel 10b side is the same as that on the right wheel 10a side.

  In FIG. 13, the wheel shape measuring device 3 of the third embodiment further includes inner surface laser light irradiation units 31 a and 31 b and inner surface cameras with respect to the components of the wheel shape measuring device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. 32a and 32b are additionally provided, and a composite image correction function is added to the image processing unit 28.

  The inner surface laser light irradiation units 31a and 31b irradiate the inner surfaces of the wheels 10a and 10b with a plurality of laser filaments, respectively.

  The inner surface cameras 32 a and 32 b capture a plurality of laser beams applied to the inner surfaces of the wheels 10 a and 10 b by the inner surface laser light irradiation units 31 a and 31 b and output the captured images to the image processing unit 28. .

  The image processing unit 28 according to the third embodiment is similar to the image processing unit 18 according to the first embodiment. The wheel 10a includes at least the treads 110a and 110b of the wheels 10a and 10b, the flange portions 120a and 120b, and the reference grooves 130a and 130b. , 10b, and both the attack angle of the wheels 10a, 10b and the lateral displacement of the wheels 10a, 10b based on the captured images of the plurality of laser filaments captured by the inner surface cameras 32a, 32b. And the generated composite image 181 of the wheels 10a and 10b is corrected based on both the detected attack angle of the wheels 10a and 10b and the lateral shift of the wheels 10a and 10b.

  FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement of the wheel shape measuring device 3 camera and sensors of the third embodiment when the right wheel 10a of the train is viewed from above.

  FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the arrangement of the cameras and sensors of the wheel shape measuring device 3 according to the third embodiment when the right wheel 10a is viewed from the inside and below. The left wheel 10b is similarly arranged. In FIG. 14, the outer passage sensor 11a and the inner passage sensor 12a shown in FIG. 13 are omitted.

  In FIG. 14, an arrow 31 indicates the traveling direction of the right wheel 10a of the train.

On both sides of the train of the right wheel 10a, in the same position and the horizontal angle as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the outer passage sensor 11a, the inner passage sensor 12a, tread outer camera 15a, tread inner camera 17 a, tread outer laser light irradiation unit 13a, the laser light receiving section 14a, and the tread inner laser beam irradiation section 16 a is provided.

  In the third embodiment, the inner surface laser light irradiation units 31a and 31b and the inner surface cameras 32a. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, 32b is provided toward the inner side surfaces of the wheels 10a and 10b.

  In particular, the inside camera 32a. 14, 32b is provided in the direction of the arrow 31 which is the traveling direction of the wheels 10a and 10b, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the rails, and the wheels 10a and 10b are provided by the inner surface laser light irradiation units 31a and 31b. It is provided so as to take a picture of the laser beam irradiated on the inner surface of the lens.

  Next, operation | movement of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 3 of Embodiment 3 is demonstrated. Here, the inner surface laser light irradiation units 31a and 31b and the inner surface cameras 32a. Only the operation 32b will be described.

  Based on the operation start signal from the laser beam receiving unit 14a, the inner side surface laser beam irradiating units 31a and 31b have three laser beams parallel to the ground as shown in FIG. 14 with respect to the lower portions of the wheels 10a and 10b. Irradiation is performed with light, that is, laser beam 31ax, laser beam 31ay, and laser beam 31az.

  And the inner side camera 32a. Reference numeral 32b denotes a laser beam 31ax, a laser beam 31ay, a laser beam irradiated to the wheels 10a and 10b when one central laser beam 31ay passes through the radial centers of the wheels 10a and 10b. The irradiated part of the light 31az is photographed, and the image processing unit 14 performs image processing and analyzes the photographed image.

  FIGS. 16A to 16C show a case where the wheels 10a and 10b are traveling normally, a case where the attack angle is α degrees, and a case where the wheels are displaced laterally.

That is, as shown in FIG. 16A, when the wheels 10a and 10b are parallel to the rails 21a and 21b and no lateral deviation occurs, the attack angle α is 0 degree, and the lateral deviation amount. Is also 0, so that the inside camera 32a. In 32b, the laser beam 31ax and the laser beam 31az are shown symmetrically at a certain interval with respect to the laser beam 31ay. In this case, even if the image processing unit 28 of the third embodiment generates the composite image 181 of the wheels 10a and 10b, no correction is made.

FIG. 16B shows a case where the wheels 10a, 10b are not parallel to the rails 21a, 21b, that is, a case where the wheels 10a, 10b are inclined with respect to the rails 21a, 21b to produce an attack angle α. In this case, the laser line light 31ax and the laser line light 31az appear to be distorted with respect to the laser line light 31ay.

  There is a correlation between the attack angle α and the distortion of the laser beam 31ax to 31ay, and the larger the attack angle α, the greater the distortion of the laser beam 31ax to 31ay. Therefore, the image processing unit 28 according to the third embodiment. Detects the attack angle α of the wheels 10a and 10b based on the captured images of the plurality of laser linear beams 31ax to 31ay captured by the inner surface cameras 32a and 32b. Then, the composite image 181 distorted by the attack angle α is calibrated to obtain the shape with the attack angle α being zero.

  FIG. 16C shows a case where the wheels 10a and 10b are laterally displaced by J in parallel to the lateral direction with respect to the rails 21a and 21b. In this case, in one of the wheels 10a and 10b, the laser beam 31ax to 31ay appears large on one of the wheels, and the laser beam 31ax to 31ay appears small on the other wheel. For example, as shown in FIG. 16 (c), when there is a lateral shift in the direction of the right wheel 10a, the laser beam rays 31ax to 31ay that appear on the inner surface of the right wheel 10a appear large, while the left wheel 10b. The laser beam rays 31ax to 31ay appearing on the inner surface of the lens are small.

  Therefore, in the image processing unit 28 of the third embodiment, the lateral shift amount J of the wheels 10a and 10b is obtained based on the captured images of the plurality of laser linear beams 31ax to 31ay captured by the inner surface cameras 32a and 32b. Then, the image 181 distorted by the lateral displacement amount J of the wheels 10a and 10b is calibrated to obtain the shape in a state where the lateral displacement amount J is zero.

  Although not shown for convenience of explanation, in some cases, an attack angle α is generated and at the same time a lateral displacement amount J is generated. That is, the case of FIG. 16B and FIG. 16C occurs simultaneously.

  In this case, in the image processing unit 28 of the third embodiment, the attack angles α and the wheels 10a and 10b are determined based on the captured images of the plurality of laser line beams 31ax to 31ay captured by the inner surface cameras 32a and 32b. The lateral deviation amount J is obtained, and based on the detected attack angle α and lateral deviation amount J of the wheels 10a and 10b, the attack angle α and lateral deviation amount J of the generated image 181 of the generated wheels 10a and 10b are set to zero. To correct.

  Therefore, according to the wheel shape measuring device 3 of the third embodiment, like the wheel shape measuring devices 1, 2 and the like of the first embodiment, the wheels 10a and 10b are placed on the extension line of the elevation angle η of the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b. Since the center of the diameter is positioned and the reflected light is reflected at the same angle as the elevation angle η of the incident light, the shutter is lowered to shoot, so that the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b The tread surfaces 110a and 110b can be photographed toward the center of the diameter of the wheels 10a and 10b, and the image of the laser hitting the tread surface by photographing with the diameter center of the wheels 10a and 10b distorted by the amount off the center. It does not occur, and the cause of the shape measurement error in the optical cutting method does not occur, and predetermined measurement items relating to the shapes of the wheels 10a and 10b are accurately measured without contact with the wheels. Can be.

  In particular, in the wheel shape measuring device 3 of the third embodiment, the inner surface laser light irradiation units 31a and 31b and the inner surface cameras 32a. 32b, the attack angle α and the lateral deviation amount J of the wheels 10a and 10b are obtained, and the composite image 181 of the generated wheels 10a and 10b is generated based on the detected attack angle α and the lateral deviation amount J of the wheels 10a and 10b. Because the calibration is performed such that the attack angle α and the lateral deviation amount J become zero, the influence of the wheel 10a and 10b due to the attack angle α and the lateral deviation amount J can be eliminated, and the shape of the tread can be more accurately determined. It can be measured.

<< Embodiment 4 >>
Next, the wheel shape measuring apparatus 4 of Embodiment 4 which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.

  In the wheel shape measuring apparatuses 1 to 3 according to the first to third embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 13, the tread outer side laser light irradiation units 13 a and 13 b are provided with a function as a center detection signal transmission unit of the present invention. However, as shown in FIG. 17, the center detection signal transmitters 41a and 41b may be provided independently, and the center detection signal receivers 42a and 42b may be provided instead of the laser beam receivers 14a and 14b. . Therefore, the tread surface outer side laser light irradiation units 43a and 43b of the fourth embodiment do not have a function of transmitting a center detection signal, and transmit laser beam light only as laser light for shape measurement by a light cutting method.

  FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the wheel shape measuring device 4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 17, as in FIG. 13, the configuration of the sensor and camera on the left wheel 10b side is the same as that on the right wheel 10a side, and the description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 17, the wheel shape measuring apparatus 4 of the fourth embodiment has an outer passage sensor 11a, 11b, an inner passage sensor 12a, 12b, and a tread outer laser beam for each of the right and left wheels 10a, 10b of the train. Irradiation units 43a and 43b, tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b, tread inner cameras 17a and 17b, center detection signal transmission units 41a and 41b, and center detection signal reception units 42a and 42b. , An image processing unit 18, a wheel shape measuring unit 19, an external I / F unit 20, and the like.

  The center detection signal transmitters 41a and 41b may transmit laser light as the center detection signal, or the diameters of the wheels 10a and 10b, similarly to the tread outer laser light irradiation units 13a and 13b of the first to third embodiments. As long as the center can be detected, a millimeter wave or the like may be transmitted as the center detection signal.

  When the center detection signal transmitters 41a and 41b transmit laser beams as center detection signals, the center detection signal receivers 42a and 42b receive the laser beams reflected by the wheels 10a and 10b and receive the center detection signals. When the transmitters 41a and 41b transmit a millimeter wave or the like as the center detection signal, the millimeter wave or the like reflected by the wheels 10a and 10b is received and the camera or the like is operated according to the reception level. In addition, since the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as the component of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Next, operation | movement of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 4 of Embodiment 4 is demonstrated.

  First, in the wheel shape measuring apparatus 4 of the fourth embodiment, when the outer passage sensors 11a and 11b and the inner passage sensors 12a and 12b are turned on, the center detection signal transmission units 41a and 41b of the fourth embodiment are the first to third embodiments. As with the tread surface outer side laser beam irradiating units 13a and 13b, the center detection signal such as laser beam light or millimeter wave is applied to the wheels 10a and 10b so that the surfaces formed by the laser beam beams are the same surface. The treads 110a and 110b are irradiated at a predetermined elevation angle η.

  The center detection signal receivers 42a and 42b of the fourth embodiment receive center detection signals such as laser linear light or millimeter waves from the center detection signal transmitters 41a and 41b reflected from the treads 110a and 110b of the wheels 10a and 10b. Upon receipt, the laser beam light or millimeter wave reception level rises above a predetermined threshold level Rs and then falls below the threshold level Rs in the same manner as in the laser beam receivers 14a and 14b of the first to third embodiments. It is determined whether or not the diameter centers 140a and 140b of the wheels 10a and 10b are on the irradiation direction line of the center detection signal such as laser beam light or millimeter wave. The tread outer laser light irradiation units 43a and 43b, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, the tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b, And tread inner camera 17a, and outputs an operation start signal to 17b.

  Then, the tread surface outer side laser light irradiation units 43a and 43b are directed from the outer sides of the left and right wheels 10a and 10b of the train to the tread surfaces 110a and 110b and the flange portions 120a and 120b of the wheels 10a and 10b, respectively. In the direction, the laser beam is transmitted as a slit laser beam for shape measurement by a light cutting method.

The tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, the tread inner laser light irradiation units 16a and 16b, the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b, the image processing unit 18, the wheel shape measuring unit 19, the external I / F unit 20, and the like are described in the first embodiment. It operates in the same manner as that of the wheel shape measuring apparatus 1.

  Therefore, the wheel shape measuring device 4 of the fourth embodiment can achieve the same effects as the wheel shape measuring devices 1 to 3 of the first to third embodiments.

<< Embodiment 5 >>
In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the time from when the reception level of the center detection signal such as laser beam light or millimeter wave becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold level Rs until it becomes equal to or lower than the threshold level Rs is the predetermined threshold time. When it is equal to or greater than Tr (see FIG. 9), it is determined that the radial centers 140a and 140b of the wheels 10a and 10b are on the irradiation direction line of the center detection signal such as laser beam light or millimeter wave, and the tread outside. Operation start signals are output to the laser beam irradiation units 43a and 43b, the tread outer cameras 15a and 15b, the tread inner laser beam irradiation units 16a and 16b, and the tread inner cameras 17a and 17b.

  However, as shown in FIG. 18, after a wheel is detected, a plurality of images are stored in a memory in units of several milliseconds, and after a peak is detected exceeding the threshold level Rs shown in FIG. An image traced back by Rs / 2 may be extracted as a central image. By configuring in this way, it becomes possible to take a more accurate image (an image closer to the center).

  As described above, in the description of each of the first to fifth embodiments, the wheel shape measuring devices 1 to 4 according to the present invention have been described in terms of hardware using a block diagram. Of course, the functions of the wheel shape measuring apparatus of the embodiment may be executed by software by a CPU and a program.

1-4 Wheel shape measuring device 10a, 10b ... Wheels 11a, 11b ... Outer passage sensor 12a, 12b ... Inner passage sensor 13a, 13b ... Tread surface outer side laser light irradiation part (center detection signal transmission part)
14a, 14b ... Laser beam receiver (center detection signal receiver)
15a, 15b ... tread outer camera (shooting unit)
16a, 16b ... Tread surface inside laser light irradiation unit 17a, 17b ... Tread surface inside camera (photographing unit)
18 ... Image processing unit 19 ... Wheel shape measuring unit
20 ... External I / F section
21a, 21b ... Rail
28 ... Image processing units 31a, 31b ... Inner side laser light irradiation units 32a, 32b ... Inner side cameras (photographing units)
41a, 41b ... center detection signal transmitting unit 42a, 42b ... center detection signal receiving unit 43a, 43b ... tread outer laser beam irradiation unit

Claims (9)

A laser beam transmitter that is installed in a predetermined elevation angle direction and transmits a laser beam in the predetermined elevation direction with respect to a tread surface of a wheel passing on a rail; and
The laser line light reflected by the tread of the wheel is installed at a position where the laser line light is incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, receives the laser line light regularly reflected by the tread of the wheel, and receives the laser line light. A laser beam receiver that detects that the laser beam is transmitted from the laser beam transmitter toward the center of the diameter of the wheel;
When the predetermined elevation angle direction is installed with respect to the wheel, and the laser beam receiving unit detects that the laser beam is transmitted from the laser beam transmitting unit toward the radial center of the wheel, A camera that captures an irradiation part of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam;
An image processing unit that performs image processing on an image of an irradiation part of the wheel photographed by the camera;
A wheel shape measuring unit that measures a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel based on an image of an irradiation part of the wheel processed by the image processing unit;
A wheel shape measuring apparatus comprising: A center detection signal transmitter configured to transmit a center detection signal in the predetermined elevation angle direction with respect to a tread surface of a wheel that is installed in a predetermined elevation angle direction and passes on a rail;
The center detection signal reflected by the tread of the wheel is installed at a position where the center detection signal is incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, the center detection signal regularly reflected by the tread of the wheel is received, and the center detection signal is the center A center detection signal receiving unit that detects that the detection signal is transmitted from the detection signal transmission unit toward the radial center of the wheel;
The center detection signal is received by the center detection signal receiving unit from the center detection signal transmitting unit, and the center detection signal receiving unit is installed so that the predetermined elevation angle direction is directed and the surface created by the irradiation light is the same surface as the center detection signal. When it is detected that the beam is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel , the laser beam is applied so that the surface created by the irradiation light is the same as the center detection signal with respect to the wheel in the predetermined elevation angle direction. A laser beam transmitter for transmitting;
When the predetermined elevation angle direction is installed with respect to the wheel, and when the center detection signal receiving unit detects that the center detection signal is transmitted from the center detection signal transmitting unit toward the radial center of the wheel, A camera for photographing an irradiation part of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam;
An image processing unit that performs image processing on an image of an irradiation part of the wheel photographed by the camera;
A wheel shape measuring unit that measures a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel based on an image of an irradiation part of the wheel processed by the image processing unit;
A wheel shape measuring apparatus comprising: In the wheel shape measuring device according to claim 1 or 2,
The on / off cycle of the electronic shutter of the camera is synchronized with the blinking cycle of the laser filament light from the laser beam transmitter,
The camera
Photographing the irradiation part of the wheel irradiated with the laser filament light in one frame a plurality of times,
The image processing unit
The image of the irradiation part of the wheel taken by the camera a plurality of times is image-processed and one image is output.
A wheel shape measuring device characterized by that. In the wheel shape measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The laser beam transmitter is
A tread surface outside laser light transmitting unit that is installed with the predetermined elevation angle direction directed from the outside of the wheel to the tread surface of the wheel, and that transmits a laser beam to the tread surface of the wheel;
A tread surface inside laser light transmitting section that is installed with the predetermined elevation angle direction directed from the inside of the wheel to the tread surface of the wheel, and transmits a laser beam to the reference groove and the flange portion of the wheel, and
The camera
A tread outer camera that is installed facing the predetermined elevation angle direction from the outside of the wheel to the tread of the wheel, and that captures a tread outer image including the tread of the wheel;
A tread surface inside camera that is installed with the predetermined elevation direction facing the tread surface of the wheel from the inside of the wheel, and that captures a tread inner image including a reference groove and a flange portion of the wheel,
The image processing unit
The wheel tread outside image photographed by the tread outer camera and the tread inner image photographed by the tread inner camera are input and image-processed, and at least the wheel tread, the flange portion, and the reference groove are provided. Generating a composite image of the wheel including,
The wheel shape measuring unit is
Measuring a predetermined measurement item related to the shape of the wheel based on the composite image of the wheel generated by the image processing unit;
A wheel shape measuring device characterized by that. In the wheel shape measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
further,
An inner surface laser beam transmitter for transmitting a plurality of laser filaments to the inner surface of the wheel;
An inner surface camera that images a plurality of laser filaments transmitted to the inner surface of the wheel by the inner surface laser;
The image processing unit
At least one of the attack angle of the wheel or the lateral shift of the wheel is detected based on a plurality of captured images of the laser filaments captured by the inner surface camera, and the detected wheel attack angle or the lateral direction of the wheel is detected. Correcting a composite image of the wheel including at least the generated tread surface, a flange portion, and a reference groove based on at least one of the deviations;
A wheel shape measuring device characterized by that. Transmitting laser beam light in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to the tread of the wheel passing on the rail;
Receiving the laser beam that is specularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, and detecting that the laser beam is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel; and
When it is detected that the laser beam is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, a step of photographing an irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam;
Image-processing the image of the imaged irradiated part of the wheel;
Measuring predetermined measurement items related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel that has been image-processed;
The wheel shape measuring method characterized by having. Transmitting a center detection signal in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to the tread of the wheel passing on the rail;
Receiving the center detection signal that is regularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation direction, and detecting that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel;
When it is detected that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel , the surface created by the irradiation light with respect to the wheel in the predetermined elevation angle direction is the same surface as the center detection signal. transmitting a laser filament light,
When it is detected that the center detection signal has been transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, imaging the irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser filament light;
Image-processing the image of the imaged irradiated part of the wheel;
Measuring predetermined measurement items related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel that has been image-processed;
The wheel shape measuring method characterized by having. On the computer,
Transmitting laser beam light in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to the tread of the wheel passing on the rail;
Receiving the laser beam that is specularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation angle direction, and detecting that the laser beam is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel; and
When it is detected that the laser beam is transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, a step of photographing an irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser beam;
Image-processing the image of the imaged irradiated part of the wheel;
Measuring predetermined measurement items related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel that has been image-processed;
Wheel shape measurement program to execute. On the computer,
Transmitting a center detection signal in a predetermined elevation direction with respect to the tread of the wheel passing on the rail;
Receiving the center detection signal that is regularly reflected by the tread surface of the wheel and incident in the predetermined elevation direction, and detecting that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel;
When it is detected that the center detection signal is transmitted toward the radial center of the wheel , the surface created by the irradiation light with respect to the wheel in the predetermined elevation angle direction is the same surface as the center detection signal. transmitting a laser filament light,
When it is detected that the center detection signal has been transmitted toward the center of the diameter of the wheel, imaging the irradiation site of the wheel irradiated with the laser filament light;
Image-processing the image of the imaged irradiated part of the wheel;
Measuring predetermined measurement items related to the shape of the wheel based on the image of the irradiated part of the wheel that has been image-processed;
Wheel shape measurement program to execute.

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