JP5607944B2 - Drilling head - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavation head for excavating the ground.

  Conventionally, the reverse construction method is known as one of the cast-in-place pile construction methods. In this reverse method, while supplying mud water to the drilling hole and keeping the hole wall from collapsing, the ground is excavated with the excavation head provided at the tip of the reverse pipe, and the excavated soil and mud water excavated with the excavation head This is a method of excavating while discharging the groundwater through the reverse pipe, separating the muddy water on the ground and supplying it again into the borehole.

  In this reverse construction method, when gravels larger than the reverse pipe appear, the reverse pipe suction port or the reverse pipe is clogged, and it cannot be excavated unless it is removed. For this reason, every time the suction port or reverse pipe is clogged, the drilling head must be lifted to the ground to remove clogged clogs, and then the drilling should be resumed. There was a problem of a significant drop.

  Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes to prevent clogging from clogging in the suction port or the reverse pipe and perform continuous excavation.

  In the conventional example shown in Patent Document 1, a drill pipe is provided at the lower end of a reverse pipe, and this drill pipe is formed with a suction port at the lower end and a drilling bit projecting on the outer surface. A plurality of crushing bits are provided around the periphery.

  The drill pipe is a double pipe consisting of an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and the drill bit is integrally fixed to the outer pipe of the drill pipe, and the outer pipe is rotated by a rotary drive device. The excavation bit is rotated with the outer pipe to excavate the ground.

  In addition, the lower end of the inner pipe is a suction port, and the rotating shaft of the crushing bit is rotatably attached to the outer tube, and the gear provided on the rotating shaft of the crushing bit and the gear provided on the outer periphery of the inner tube are engaged. It is matched. The inner tube is configured to be fixed or rotationally driven in the opposite direction to the outer tube. By rotating the outer tube, the gear provided in the crushing bit revolves along the gear provided in the inner tube. It rotates and the crushing bit rotates. By rotating a plurality of crushing bits provided around the suction port, the crushing gravel is crushed by the plurality of crushing bits, and the crushed gravel passed between the crushing bits is sucked into the suction port.

JP 2004-68398 A

  However, in the above prior art, the rotation of the outer cylinder that is rotated by the rotation drive device is transmitted to the crushing bit through the meshing of the gears, so that the crushing bit is rotated. If it becomes impossible to rotate, the excavation bit cannot be rotated and stops, and a large load is applied to the gear and the rotation driving device, which may damage them. Then, since the rotation of the excavation bit is stopped, the excavation cannot be continued, and the gravel pulled up to the ground and bitten by the crushing bit must be removed, so that the continuous excavation cannot be performed and the excavation takes time.

  Moreover, the crushing bit provided around the suction port protrudes downward from the lowermost end of the drill pipe and is positioned below the drilling bit. For this reason, when excavating the ground, the crushing bit located at the bottom end always digs into the unexcavated ground so that the crushing bit digs into the unexcavated ground first. Crushing must be performed between the excavating bits, and there is a higher risk that unexcavated gravel will bite directly between the crushing bits.

  Further, in the above conventional example, since the ground is excavated by the rotation of the excavation bit protruding from the outer surface of the outer pipe, the excavation hole is excavated by the rotation of the excavation bit. There is a problem that the accuracy of the diameter of the drilling hole is poor.

  Further, in the above conventional example, the drill pipe has a double pipe structure composed of an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and a gear mechanism for transmitting rotational power to the crushing bit needs to be provided on the opposing surface of the inner pipe and the outer pipe. There is a problem that the structure becomes complicated.

  The present invention was invented in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and continuous excavation is possible while crushing gravel, the excavation time is short, the accuracy of the diameter of the excavated drill hole can be improved, and the structure is It is to provide a drilling head that is simplified.

  The present invention has the following configuration.

The excavation head of the present invention has a cylindrical rotating casing 2 that rotates around a vertical axis having an excavating bit 1 at the lower end, and a plurality of rotations provided with a crushing bit 3 on the outer periphery disposed in the rotating casing 2. And the rotating body 4 is attached to the rotating casing 2 so as to be freely rotatable around an axis in the lateral direction. The rotating body 4 rotates around the rotation center of the rotating casing 2 as the rotating casing 2 rotates. The rotating body 4 revolves around the horizontal axis by resistance with the ground 5 based on the revolution of the rotating body 4 , and the rotating body 4 is the longitudinal axis of the rotating casing 2. And the diameter of the rotation locus around the horizontal axis of the rotating body 4 gradually increases from the vertical axis side of the rotating casing 2 to the inner surface side of the rotating casing 2. Ri, the central longitudinal axis 8 fixed to the rotating casing 2 in the center of the cylindrical rotating casing 2 is provided, the central drill bit 9 located at the lower end of the central longitudinal axis 8, a plurality of rotating about a central longitudinal axis 8 The body 4 is arranged radially in the rotary casing 2, and both ends of the horizontal axis 10 of each rotary body 4 are supported by the rotary casing 2 and the central vertical axis 8, and the outer surface of the rotary body 4 on the central vertical axis 8 side. A plurality of substantially triangular bit bases 11 whose projecting length gradually increases from the end to the inner surface side end of the rotary casing 2 are provided so as to project around the rotation of the outer periphery of the rotating body 4. characterized Rukoto a plurality of crushing bit 3 from the central longitudinal axis 8 side to the inner side of the rotating casing 2 in the front end.

With such a configuration, the ground 5 can be excavated by the excavation bit 1 provided at the lower end of the rotary casing 2 and the hole wall of the excavation hole 20 can be prevented from collapsing during excavation. Following the previous excavation of the outer peripheral portion of the excavation hole 20 by the excavation bit 1, the rotating body 4 having the crushing bit 3 hits the portion left unexposed by the excavation bit 1 in the rotating casing 2 while revolving, The portion of the digging residue loosened by the previous excavation by the excavation bit 1 is broken and easily excavated, and the rotating body 4 rotates and crushes the gravel contained in the excavated soil by the crushing bit 3. Further, when the rotating body 4 rotates, a power transmission mechanism such as a gear is not required as in the prior art, and the structure is simplified. Moreover, when excavation earth and sand pass between the adjacent rotating bodies 4 which rotate, gravel will be crushed from both sides with the crushing bit 3 provided in the adjacent rotating body 4, and will be crushed more finely. Furthermore, even if a gravel bites between the rotating bodies 4 and the rotating body 4 does not rotate, there is no power transmission mechanism such as a gear as in the prior art, and the rotating body 4 is simply connected to the rotating casing 2. Since the rotary casing 2 is simply mounted so as to be freely rotatable, the rotary casing 2 can continue to rotate, and there is no possibility that the rotary drive device for rotating the rotary casing 2 is subjected to a large load and damaged. Further, as the rotating casing 2 continues to rotate, the rotating body 4 continues to revolve, and while the rotating body 4 continues to revolve while strongly hitting the ground 5 while biting the gravel, The rotation of the rotating body 4 is promoted, and the rotation of the rotating body 4 is promoted to crush the gravel, so that the rotation of the rotating body 4 is restarted and continuous excavation can be continued.
Further, when a plurality of radials are provided around the longitudinal axis of the rotating casing 2, the width of the gap between the adjacent rotating casings 2 becomes too large as it approaches the inner surface side of the rotating casing 2, and relatively large gravel is adjacent. Although there is a possibility of passing through the gap between the rotary casings 2, the diameter of the rotation locus around the horizontal axis of the rotary body 4 is as described above from the vertical axis side of the rotary casing 2. By being configured to gradually increase toward the inner surface side, the gap on the inner surface side of the rotating casing 2 between the radially provided rotating bodies 4 can be prevented from becoming extremely wide, and gravel passes between adjacent rotating casings 2. At this time, the crushing bit 3 can reliably crush.
Further, the outer peripheral portion and the central portion are excavated in advance by the excavation bit 1 and the central excavation bit 9, and the rotating body 4 revolves so that the outer peripheral portion and the central portion of the excavated hole 20 excavated in advance are surrounded. A substantially triangular bit base 11 hits the unexcavated ground. Here, since the unexcavated ground surrounded by the outer peripheral portion and the central portion of the excavation hole 20 excavated in advance is loosened from both the outer peripheral portion and the central portion, from both the outer peripheral portion and the central portion. When a roughly triangular bit base 11 having a crushing bit 3 hits the loosened part, it collapses from both sides and is easily excavated. At the same time, the rotating body 4 rotates by receiving the resistance of the ground 5, Gravel contained in the crushed earth and sand is effectively crushed by the crushing bit 3.

  In addition, the rotary casing 2 is connected to the lower end of the reverse pipe 6 and is used to suck excavated earth and sand that has passed through the rotary body 4 into the reverse pipe 6 together with muddy water at a position above the rotary body 4 of the rotary casing 2. A suction port 7 is preferably provided.

  With such a configuration, the excavated earth and sand excavated by the excavating bit 1 is collected in the rotating casing 2 and crushed by the crushing bit 3 when passing between the rotating bodies 4, thus passing through the rotating body 4. Then, the crushed excavated soil mixed well with mud water can be sucked into the reverse pipe 6 from the suction port 7 and can be smoothly discharged without clogging the suction port 7 and the reverse pipe 6, and continuous excavation in the reverse method is possible. It becomes possible.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to prevent the hole wall of the excavation hole from collapsing with the rotary casing during excavation by the excavation bit provided at the lower end of the rotary casing, and the accuracy of the hole diameter of the excavation hole can be improved.

  In addition, following the previous excavation by the excavation bit, the unexcavated ground in the rotating casing loosened by the prior excavation can be easily excavated by the revolution of the rotating body, and the rotating body rotates in the excavated soil with the crushing bit. Gravel contained in can be effectively crushed. In addition, even if there is a situation where gravel bites between the rotating bodies and does not rotate, the rotating casing can continue to rotate, preventing damage caused by a large load acting on the rotary drive device, and rotating the rotating casing. With the revolution of the rotating body accompanying the continuation of the rotation, the gravel that has been taken away from the rotating body, or the rotation of the rotating body is promoted to crush the gravel, and the rotation of the rotating body can be resumed. As a result, the present invention enables continuous excavation while crushing gravel and shortens the excavation time.

  Further, when the rotating body rotates, a power transmission mechanism such as a gear is not required as in the prior art, and the structure is simplified.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the excavation head of this invention. It is the XX sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 1 same as the above. It is the YY sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 1 same as the above. It is a top view same as the above. The rotary body used for the above is shown, (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is a left side view, and (c) is a right side view. It is sectional drawing which shows the usage example of the excavation head of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

  1 to 4 show an excavation head A according to the present invention. The excavation head A is composed mainly of a rotating casing 2 made of a cylindrical body.

  A plurality of excavation bits 1 project downward from the lower end of the rotating casing 2 in the circumferential direction. One side of the excavation bit 1 protrudes outward from the outer surface of the rotary casing 2. On the outer surface of the rotating casing 2, long guide vertical ridges 21 project in the vertical direction at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a connecting cylinder part 13 for connecting the lower end of the reverse pipe 6 is provided at the center of the upper end part in the rotating casing 2, and the connecting cylinder part 13 is connected to the rotating casing 2. It is fixed with the head fixing plate 14. The upper end portion of the rotary casing 2 is closed by the closing plate 15, the outer peripheral end of the closing plate 15 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the rotary casing 2, and the lower end of the head fixing plate 14 and the upper surface of the closing plate 15 are The lower end of the connection cylinder part 13 is fixed.

  One or more suction cylinder portions 22 are connected and fixed to the connection cylinder portion 13, and the suction cylinder portion 22 passes through the closing plate 15 in the vertical direction and is fixed along the inner surface of the rotary casing 2. The lower end of the suction cylinder portion 22 serves as the suction port 7 and opens downward in a substantially middle portion of the rotary casing 2 in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an upper fixing plate 16 and a lower fixing plate 17 are installed at a substantially intermediate portion in the vertical direction in the rotary casing 2. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the pair of upper fixing plates 16 and the pair of lower fixing plates 17 are installed in a “well” shape in plan view. Further, a central vertical axis 8 is arranged at the center of the rotary casing 2, and an upper portion of the central vertical axis 8 is formed by intersecting the pair of upper fixing plates 16 and the pair of lower fixing plates 17. The upper fixed plate 16 and the lower fixed plate 17 are fixed at the center of the character. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the central shaft portion 8 has a quadrangular cross section, and of the four side surfaces, two front and rear side surfaces are fixed to a pair of lower fixing plates 17, and left and right side surfaces are fixed to a pair of upper fixing plates 16. It is fixed.

  A central excavation bit 9 is provided at the lower end of the central vertical axis 8, and the lower end of the central excavation bit 9 is at the same level as the lower end of the excavation bit 1.

  A plurality of rotating bodies 4 are arranged in the lower part of the rotating casing 2, and each rotating body 4 is attached to the rotating casing 2 so as to be freely rotatable around a horizontal axis.

  In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, a plurality of rotating bodies 4 (four in FIG. 2) are provided radially around the longitudinal axis of the rotating casing 2 (the center line of the central shaft portion 8 is the axis).

  A plurality of bit bases 11 are provided on the rotating body 4 so as to project around the outer periphery of the rotating body 4 (around the horizontal axis 10). That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the rotating body 4 includes a plurality of bit bases 11 projecting from the outer peripheral surface of the horizontal cylinder 19 at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of crushing bits 3 provided at the protruding tips of the bit bases 11. The rotating body 4 is rotatably attached to a horizontal shaft 10 having both ends fixed to the rotary casing 2 and the central vertical axis 8 via bearings 18. Therefore, the rotating body 4 can freely rotate with respect to the rotary casing 2 and the central vertical axis 8 around the horizontal axis (center line of the horizontal axis 10).

  The bit base 11 has a substantially triangular shape in which the protruding length gradually increases from the end on the central longitudinal axis 8 side of the outer surface of the rotating body 4 to the end on the inner surface side of the rotary casing 2. A plurality of crushing bits 3 are provided from the central longitudinal axis 8 side to the inner surface side of the rotary casing 2 at the projecting tip.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the suction port 7 is located above the rotating body 4 in the rotating casing 2.

  The excavation head A having the above configuration is used, for example, in a reverse construction method. In use, the connecting tube 13 provided at the center of the upper end of the excavation head A is connected to the lower end of the reverse pipe 6, and the excavation head A is rotated together with the reverse pipe 6 to penetrate the ground 5 while excavating.

  In order to rotate the excavation head A together with the reverse pipe 6 around the longitudinal axis (center line of the rotating casing 2), a power swivel method or a rotary table method used in a conventionally known reverse method can be employed.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of a power swivel system, in which a rotational drive unit 26 that rotationally drives the reverse pipe 6 is attached to the ground device 25 so as to be vertically movable. Of course, although not shown, the reverse pipe 6 may be rotated by a rotary table.

  In FIG. 6, one end of a suction hose 27 is connected to the rotation drive unit 26. When the suction hose 27 is connected to the rotation drive unit 26, the suction hose 27 is connected so as not to rotate but communicates with the reversely driven reverse pipe 6. The other end of the suction hose 27 is connected to the suction pump 23, and the suction pump 23 and the mud screen 24 are connected by a pipe 28.

  In the figure, reference numeral 29 denotes a water supply plant for storing a stable liquid, and the stable liquid in the water supply plant 29 pumped up by the water supply pump 30 is supplied into the excavation hole 20 by a return hose 31.

  In addition, the mud screen 24 separates the excavated earth and mud from the mixture of the excavated earth and mud, sends the excavated earth and sand to the earth discharge tank 32 as waste, and the mud is returned to the water supply plant 29 via the return pipe 34. The returned muddy water is used again as a stabilizing solution.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the excavation hole 20 is formed in the ground 5 using the excavation head A of the present invention will be described.

  A stand pipe 35 is embedded in the vicinity of the ground surface where the excavation hole 20 is to be excavated, and a part surrounded by the stand pipe 35 is excavated by an arbitrary means. The excavation portion surrounded by the stand pipe 35 becomes the upper end of the excavation hole 20 excavated by the excavation head A of the present invention as follows.

  When the excavation in the stand pipe 35 is finished, the excavation head A of the present invention is put into the stand pipe 35, and the excavation head A is rotated while supplying the stable liquid of the water supply plant 29 into the excavation hole 20 by the water supply pump 30. Then excavate the ground 5.

  When the excavation head A is rotated, the ground 5 is excavated by the excavation bit 1 provided at the lower end of the rotary casing 2 and the central excavation bit 9 provided at the lower end of the central longitudinal axis 8 under the supply of the stabilizing liquid. Thereby, the outer peripheral part and center part of the excavation hole 20 are excavated ahead. Further, although the hole wall of the drilling hole 20 is roughened by the drilling of the outer peripheral portion of the drilling hole 20 by the drilling bit 1, the rotary casing 2 enters after the drilling of the drilling bit 1, and the guide vertical protrusion provided on the outer periphery of the rotary casing 2. When the strip 21 rotates while pressing the rough inner wall of the excavation hole 20 immediately after excavation, the excavation hole 20 is formed while suppressing the collapse of the inner wall.

  When the rotary casing 2 is rotated and excavated as described above, the plurality of rotating bodies 4 provided in the rotary casing 2 so as to freely rotate revolve around the rotation center of the rotary casing 2.

  When the rotating body 4 revolves, the bit base 11 having a substantially triangular shape hits the unexcavated ground surrounded by the outer peripheral part and the central part of the excavation hole 20 excavated in advance. Here, since the unexcavated ground surrounded by the outer peripheral portion and the central portion of the excavation hole 20 excavated in advance is loosened from both the outer peripheral portion and the central portion by the prior excavation, the abbreviation having the crushing bit 3 is omitted. When the triangular bit base 11 hits while revolving, this portion is easily excavated, and the rotating base 4 rotates due to the bit base 11 of the rotating body 4 revolving at the same time receiving the resistance of the ground 5. As the rotating body 4 rotates while revolving in this way, the gravel contained in the collapsed earth and sand is crushed by the crushing bit 3, and further, the excavated earth and sand and muddy water are removed by the substantially triangular bit base 11 along with the rotation. While mixing, the mixture is scraped upward, passes between adjacent rotating bodies 4, and moves above the rotating bodies 4.

  When excavated earth and sand pass between the rotating bodies 4 adjacent to each other, the gravel is crushed from both sides by the crushing bits 3 provided on the adjacent rotating bodies 4 and is crushed more finely.

  Here, when a plurality of rotating bodies 4 are provided radially around the longitudinal axis of the rotating casing 2, the width of the gap between adjacent rotating casings 2 becomes too large as it approaches the inner surface side of the rotating casing 2. There is a possibility that large gravel may pass through a gap between adjacent rotating casings 2. However, as described above, the diameter of the rotation trajectory around the horizontal axis of the rotating body 4 is configured to gradually increase from the vertical axis side of the rotating casing 2 to the inner surface side of the rotating casing 2. The gap on the inner surface side of the rotary casing 2 between the rotary bodies 4 provided on the inner side of the rotary body 4 can be prevented from becoming extremely wide, and can be reliably crushed by the crushing bit 3 when gravel passes between the adjacent rotary casings 2.

  In this way, in the rotary casing 2, the excavated earth and mud mixture that has passed between the rotary bodies 4 and moved above the rotary body 4 is sucked from the suction port 7 by operating the suction pump 23, and reverse The pipe 6, the suction hose 27, the suction pump 23, and the pipe 28 are sent to the mud screen 24, where the excavated earth and muddy water are separated, the excavated earth and sand are sent to the earth discharge tank 32, and the muddy water is supplied to the water supply plant 29. Returned and reused again as a stable liquid for excavation.

  In this way, excavation is carried out while circulating muddy water as a stable liquid to a predetermined depth.

  By the way, there is a possibility that the rotator 4 cannot rotate by biting gravel between the adjacent rotators 4 during excavation. In such a case, the rotator 4 can freely rotate with respect to the rotating casing 2. Therefore, even if the rotating body 4 does not rotate, the rotating casing 2 can continue to rotate, so that a large load is not applied to the rotation drive unit 26 and damage to the rotation drive unit 26 can be prevented. Moreover, in this case, the rotating body 4 that has become unable to rotate due to biting gravel continues to revolve as the rotating casing 2 rotates.

  By the way, when the rotating body 4 revolves, the force that the triangular bit base 11 receives from the ground 5 acts more strongly when not rotating than when rotating. Therefore, compared with the case where the rotating body 4 rotates while revolving, the rotating body 4 revolves so that the rotating body 4 that has stopped rotating by biting gravel has a stronger force to rotate. Works. At the same time, the gravel bitten between the rotating bodies 4 revolves together with the rotating body 4 while strongly hitting the ground 5 while still being bitten.

  By continuing the revolution of the rotating body 4 in this way, the gravel that has been bitten is released from the rotating body 4 and the rotating body 4 resumes rotation, or the gravel that has been bitten is crushed. Rotation can be resumed and excavation can be continued.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the crushed excavated soil that has passed through the rotating body 4 and is well mixed with muddy water can be sucked into the reverse pipe 6 from the suction port 7. The inside can be discharged smoothly without clogging, and the gravel can be removed or crushed by the revolution of the rotating body 4 by continuing the rotation of the rotating casing 2 even if the gravel is bitten between the rotating bodies 4. As a result, the reverse construction method Continuous drilling at will be possible.

  When the excavation of the excavation hole 20 is completed as described above, slime treatment is performed and the excavation head A is pulled up to the ground.

  Thereafter, similar to the conventional reverse construction method, a rebar cage, steel pipe, H steel, etc. are built in the excavation hole 20, and after slime treatment, concrete or mortar is placed in the excavation hole 20, and the stand pipe 35 Pull out to the ground. After that, concrete and mortar solidify, and a spot pile is formed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drilling bit 2 Rotating casing 3 Crushing bit 4 Rotating body 5 Ground 6 Reverse pipe 7 Suction port 8 Central vertical axis 9 Central drilling bit 10 Horizontal axis 11 Bit base

Claims (2)

Comprising a cylindrical rotary casing that rotates in the vertical direction about the axis having a drill bit at the lower end, and a plurality of rotating body provided with a crushing bit on the outer periphery disposed within the rotating casing, before Symbol rotating body the freely rotatably mounted on the transverse axis direction with respect to the rotating casing, before Symbol rotating body revolves around the rotation center of the rotary casing with rotation of the rotating casing, and, of the rotating body The rotating body rotates about a horizontal axis by resistance with the ground based on revolution, and a plurality of the rotating bodies are provided radially around the vertical axis of the rotating casing, diameter of rotational path transverse the axis line is, Yes constructed from the axis side of the longitudinal direction of the rotary casing so that gradually increases toward the inner surface side of the rotary casing, before Symbol cylindrical front A central vertical shaft fixed to the rotating casing at the center of the rotating casing provided, the central longitudinal axis lower end a central drill bit provided for, the central longitudinal axis before rotation SL multiple pre Symbol rotating body around the casing while arranged radially within both ends supported on the front Symbol rotating casing before Symbol central longitudinal axis of the horizontal axis of each front Symbol rotating body, the rotation from the end of the central longitudinal axis side of the outer surface of the rotor A plurality of substantially triangular bit bases whose projecting lengths are gradually increased toward the end on the inner surface side of the casing are provided so as to project around the rotation of the outer periphery of the rotating body, and the projecting tip of the bit base is rotated from the rotation longitudinal axis side. drilling head according to claim Rukoto a plurality of said crushing bit toward the inner surface side of the rotating casing. The rotational casing is intended to be connected to the lower end of the reverse tube, the position above the rotating body of the rotating casing, provided a suction port for sucking the drilling sand which has passed through the rotary member to the reverse tube with mud drilling heads according to claim 1, characterized by comprising Te.

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