JP5581740B2 - Seamless belt and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is, for example, an intermediate transfer belt, a conveyance belt, a transfer belt, a fixing belt, and a developing belt used in an image forming apparatus that forms an image by an electrophotographic method or an electrostatic printing method such as a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile. It is related with an electroconductive seamless belt suitable as.

The transfer belt used in the image forming apparatus is preferably formed of a belt material in an intermediate resistance region (volume resistivity of 10 ⁶ to 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm)). In order to adjust the volume resistivity of the transfer belt, a resistance control agent is dispersed in the resin constituting the belt material. As means for adjusting the electric resistance of the resin, there are mainly a method using an electronic conductive action and a method using an ionic conductive action.
In the method using the electronic conductive action, a conductive filler is added to the resin as a resistance control agent, and the electric resistance is adjusted. In general, conductive carbon black is used as the conductive filler. However, the amount of change in volume resistivity in the middle resistance region is large with respect to the amount added, and resistance adjustment is difficult. This is described as a percolation model (see FIG. 5). It is necessary to control the slope of the threshold in this percolation model.
Also, it is very difficult to uniformly disperse the conductive filler in the resin. With transfer belts that have been subjected to resistance adjustment in this way, image defects such as transfer omissions and leaks due to variations in the electrical resistance of the belt. May occur. Furthermore, when conductive fillers other than carbon black such as zinc oxide are used, it is necessary to add a large amount of filler to adjust the volume resistivity in the middle resistance region, and the moldability becomes extremely high due to the increased amount of addition. There was a problem that it would worsen (see FIG. 6).
On the other hand, in the method using ionic conductivity, although the surface resistance is decreased, the volume resistivity is hardly decreased. When the volume resistivity is adjusted, the amount of the surfactant is increased, and the surface of the belt bleeds out. There is a problem of doing. In addition, when energization continues, there is a problem that the concentration of the ionic conductive agent decreases and the resistance changes. Furthermore, there is a problem that the resistance value changes greatly according to the temperature and humidity environment.

As means for solving these problems, for example, the following technologies have been proposed, but none of them is an essential solution to this problem.
When a thermoplastic resin that forms a continuous phase and a resin that is not completely compatible with the thermoplastic resin are mixed, a sea-island (microphase separation) structure is formed. A proposal has been made to stabilize the resistance adjustment by dispersing carbon black in the island structure (Patent Document 1). However, even if carbon black is dispersed in the island, there is a problem that the resistance adjustment in the island portion becomes unstable because the slope shown in FIG. 5 exists in the resistance adjustment in the island region.
On the other hand, in a polymer blend system of a crystalline polymer and an amorphous polymer, it has been proposed to disperse conductive carbon black in a polymer that becomes a continuous phase (Patent Document 2). These have the problem that although the improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the transfer belt can be expected, the improvement of the stability of the belt resistance adjustment cannot be expected.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to easily control the electric resistance of a transfer belt in an intermediate resistance region (10 ⁶ to 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm) in volume resistivity). A seamless belt that does not impair the workability during extrusion molding without causing a change in electrical resistance or bleed-out of the ionic conductive agent to the belt surface, and an image forming apparatus using the seamless belt as a transfer belt It is to provide.

The features of the present invention, which is a means for solving the above problems, are listed below.
1. The seamless belt of the present invention is a seamless belt used in an image forming apparatus, and the seamless belt contains at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material that is incompatible with the thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resin forms a continuous phase, the thermoplastic resin incompatible material forms a discontinuous phase, and the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene -Tetrafluoroethylene resin (ETFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin (PVDF-ETFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) and Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA A difference in melting point between the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase and the resin not compatible with the thermoplastic resin is 20 ° C. or more, and the resin not compatible with the thermoplastic resin. An SP value is 9.5 or more, the conductive filler is dispersed in the continuous phase, and the thermoplastic resin incompatible material is a resin or a resin containing an insulating filler. .
2. The seamless belt of the present invention further has a volume resistivity in the range of 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm), a surface resistivity in the range of 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹¹ (Ω / □), and a volume resistivity. ≤Surface resistivity relationship.
3. The seamless belt of the present invention further includes at least one selected from zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide and indium oxide, wherein the conductive filler has a volume resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ (Ω · cm). It is a compound.
4). The seamless belt of the present invention is further characterized in that the conductive filler contains either an electronic conductive agent or an ionic conductive agent as a resistance adjustment auxiliary agent.
5. The seamless belt of the present invention further comprises at least one compound selected from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride and aluminum nitride, wherein the insulating filler has a volume resistivity of 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm) or more. The volume average particle diameter of the insulating filler is larger than the volume average particle diameter of the conductive filler.
6). The seamless belt of the present invention further includes a step of melt-kneading a belt material containing at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material that is incompatible with the thermoplastic resin to obtain a melt-kneaded product, The melt-kneaded product is manufactured by a process including a process of extrusion molding to obtain a molded product.
7). The seamless belt of the present invention further includes a step of irradiating an electron beam to the molten molded product after the extrusion molding of the melt-kneaded product.
8). An image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes at least an electrostatic latent image forming unit for forming an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier, and toner using toner on the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier. Developing means for forming an image, primary transfer means for transferring the toner image on the image carrier onto the intermediate transfer belt, secondary transfer means for transferring the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt onto the recording medium, and recording An intermediate transfer belt used in an image forming apparatus including a fixing unit that fixes a toner image on a medium, wherein the intermediate transfer belt is an intermediate transfer belt using the seamless belt described above. It is characterized by that.
9. An image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes at least an electrostatic latent image forming unit for forming an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier, and toner using toner on the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier. Developing means for forming an image, a transfer belt for conveying the recording medium to transfer the toner image on the image carrier onto the recording medium, and a toner image on the image carrier onto the recording medium A transfer belt for use in an image forming apparatus comprising a transfer means and a fixing means for fixing a toner image on a recording medium, wherein the transfer belt uses the seamless belt described above. It is characterized by being.
10. The method for producing a seamless belt of the present invention comprises a step of melt-kneading a belt material containing at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material incompatible with the thermoplastic resin to obtain a melt-kneaded product, The method for producing a seamless belt comprising the step of extruding the melt-kneaded product to obtain a molded product , wherein the method for producing the seamless belt is characterized by producing any one of the seamless belts described above .
11. The method for producing a seamless belt of the present invention further includes a step of irradiating an electron beam to the molten molded product after the melt-kneaded product is extruded.
12 In the seamless belt manufacturing method of the present invention, the belt material further contains a crosslinking agent, and the crosslinking agent is selected from triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethallyl isocyanurate and diallyl monoglycidyl isocyanurate. It is at least one type.
13. The seamless belt manufacturing method of the present invention is further characterized in that the irradiation dose of the electron beam is 10 to 500 kGy.
14 The method for producing a seamless belt according to the present invention is further characterized in that, in the step of irradiating the electron beam, the electron beam is irradiated at a temperature higher than a glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase.

According to the present invention, it is possible to easily control the electric resistance of the transfer belt in the intermediate resistance region (10 ⁶ to 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm) in volume resistivity). It is possible to provide a seamless belt which does not bleed out to the surface and does not impair the workability during extrusion molding.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the image formation part which arrange | positions a photoreceptor. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of a developing device. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of a process cartridge. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the addition amount of an electroconductive filler, and volume resistivity. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the addition amount of an electroconductive filler, and volume resistivity.

  EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. Note that it is easy for a person skilled in the art to make other embodiments by changing or correcting the present invention within the scope of the claims, and these changes and modifications are included in the scope of the claims. The following description is an example of an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the claims.

The outline of the present invention is as follows.
(1) In a sea-island type microphase separation structure, by dispersing the conductive filler only in the sea region where the continuous phase is formed, the desired resistivity can be adjusted with a smaller amount of addition than in the past.
(2) In the present invention, any thermoplastic resin that can be formed into a sheet by extrusion can be used as the thermoplastic resin that forms the continuous phase. Polyvinylidene fluoride resin and polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene It is preferable to use a resin. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for environmental reduction, and these fluoroplastics are excellent in low-temperature extrudability and flame retardancy. Therefore, a molded product such as a transfer belt has a feature that it can be easily melted and kneaded and reused after use.
(3) As the material constituting the island structure, it is preferable to use a resin that is not completely compatible with the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase or an insulating filler. At this time, it is preferable that the size of the microdomain forming the island is sufficiently larger than the size of the conductive filler. Although the mechanism is not grasped, the domain size is preferably about 0.2 to 20 μm. If the size is small, the effect of the sea-island structure is reduced. On the other hand, when the size is increased, there is a problem that a surface unevenness due to the size of the microdomain occurs on the sheet surface.
(4) When the material which comprises an island is resin, it is preferable that it is completely incompatible with the resin material which forms a continuous phase. For this reason, it is preferable that the SP value of the fluorine-based resin material forming the continuous phase is separated from the SP value of the resin material forming the island. If the SP value of the resin constituting the island is 9.5 or more, it is not completely compatible with the fluororesin (SP value 7), and a sea-island structure can be formed.
(5) As a method of forming the sea-island structure, the conductive filler is melt-mixed and dispersed in the thermoplastic resin (sea) that forms a continuous phase in advance, and when the sheet is extruded, A method is adopted in which the components are introduced from the side of the extruder. At this time, the melting point of the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase is lower than the melting point of the island constituent resin, or the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase is the melt viscosity of the island constituent resin. If it is lower, a sea-island structure sheet can be easily formed.
(6) These resins or insulating fillers that are not completely compatible with the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase are preferably insulative, and specifically have a volume resistivity of 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm) or more. It is preferable that If the volume resistivity is less than 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm), the effects of the present invention due to microphase separation may not be sufficiently exhibited.
(7) The conductive filler dispersed in the continuous phase is preferably one having a volume resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ (Ω · cm). If the resistance is lower than this range, the filler addition amount can be reduced, but it may be difficult to stably adjust to the target resistance. On the other hand, if it is higher than 10 ⁵ (Ω · cm), it may be difficult to adjust the resistance to the middle resistance region.
(8) In accordance with the conductive filler dispersed in the continuous phase shown in (6), it is possible to use a filler having a lower conductivity of 10 (Ω · cm) or less or an ion conductive material as an auxiliary for resistance adjustment. it can. The addition amount of the resistance adjusting aid is preferably about 0.5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive filler of (6).
(9) The fluorinated thermoplastic resin used in the present invention does not have sufficient mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and elongation. Therefore, the elastic modulus and elongation rate can be improved by irradiating an electron beam after extrusion molding to obtain a crosslinked structure in which the resin is crosslinked.
(10) Radiation electrons are generated in the polymer chain when irradiated with an electron beam. Starting from this radical electron, the crosslinking reaction proceeds. If the amount of electron beam irradiation is small, sufficient crosslinking will not occur. Moreover, when there is much irradiation amount, the cutting | disconnection of a polymer chain becomes rate limiting rather than resin crosslinking reaction, and deterioration of a thermoplastic resin advances. Therefore, by setting the electron beam irradiation dose to 10 to 1000 kGy (kGy is a unit of electron beam irradiation: 1 Gy = 1 J / kg) (acceleration voltage is 100 to 1000 kV), radicals are generated in the thermoplastic resin, Take a cross-linked structure.
(11) Depending on the type of thermoplastic resin, there are those in which the crosslinking reaction does not proceed easily. For this reason, a crosslinking agent is added to the belt material to complement the crosslinking reaction. As the crosslinking agent, it is preferable to use at least one selected from triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethallyl isocyanurate and diallyl monoglycidyl isocyanurate.

  In the belt material used for producing the seamless belt of the present invention, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic fluororesin as the thermoplastic resin used in the continuous phase from the viewpoint of flame retardancy. The thermoplastic fluororesin is not particularly limited, but polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as “Poly (VdF-TFE)”), ethylene-4 Examples include fluorinated ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA). It is done. Among these, polyvinylidene fluoride and vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin are preferable.

In the belt material according to the present invention, the resin for forming islands in the microphase separation structure may be any resin that has a volume resistivity of 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm) or more and is not completely compatible with the continuous phase. Thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, inorganic fillers (insulating fillers), and the like can be used. As the insulating filler, it is preferable to use a filler having a volume average diameter of 0.2 to 20 μm.
The thermoplastic resin forming the island includes polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene resin, thermoplastic polyamide (PA) resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin, thermoplastic polyacetal (POM) resin, thermoplastic polyarylate ( PAR) resin, thermoplastic polycarbonate (PC) resin, thermoplastic urethane resin, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) resin, polybutylene naphthalate (PBN) resin, polyalkylene terephthalate resin, and polymer blends based on polyester resin, etc. Can be suitably used.

  As the polyalkylene terephthalate resin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, glycol-modified PET (PETG) resin and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin can be suitably used. Moreover, as a polymer blend having a polyester resin as a main component, any two or more polymer blends among the polyalkylene naphthalate resin and the polyalkylene terephthalate resin, or any one or more of these, a polyester A polymer blend with a resin selected from an elastomer, a polycarbonate (PC) resin, a polycyclohexylene / dimethylene / terephthalate (PCT) resin, a glycol-modified PCT (PCTG) resin, and the like can be suitably used. As the polyester-based elastomer, both polyester-polyester type polyesters using polyester for the hard segment and soft segment and polyester-polyether type types using polyether for the hard segment and soft segment are preferably used. it can.

Examples of the thermosetting resin include polyimide resin, polyamide resin, and melamine resin.
Examples of the insulating filler include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride.
These island-forming materials may be used singly or in appropriate combination of two or more.

As one of the electrical characteristics of the transfer belt, it is necessary to control the volume resistivity and the surface resistivity to a semiconductive region. When the seamless belt of the present invention is used as a transfer belt, the volume resistivity is preferably in the range of 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm), more preferably in the range of 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁸ (Ω · cm). The rate is preferably in the range of 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹¹ (Ω / □). Further, it is preferable that the relationship of volume resistivity ≦ surface resistivity is satisfied.
When the volume resistivity and the surface resistivity exceed the lower limit values, the electrostatic adhesion with the toner is improved and the secondary transfer efficiency is lowered. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the charge induced on the belt by the applied transfer bias is not neutralized and affects image quality such as image memory. Further, if the relationship of volume resistivity> surface resistivity is satisfied, there is a possibility that the image edge is blurred and a sharp image quality cannot be obtained.

In order to adjust the volume and surface resistivity of the resin belt, it is necessary to add an electronic conductive filler. In the case of an intermediate transfer belt material, 10 to 10 ^{5 in} consideration of durability and stability in the use environment. It is preferable to use an electronically conductive filler in the range of (Ω · cm).
Examples of the electronically conductive filler include metal oxide fine particles selected from zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, and indium oxide, or a mixture thereof. These can be subjected to conductive treatment as necessary. In order to improve conductivity, these conductive fillers can be used by doping with aluminum or the like, for example.

In the seamless belt of the present invention, the blending amount of the conductive filler is usually 100 parts by mass or less, preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, further preferably 100 parts by mass of the resin component. 10 to 30 parts by mass.
The volume average particle diameter of the primary particles of the conductive filler is preferably in the range of 10 to 500 nm. When the volume average particle diameter is less than 10 nm, it becomes difficult to develop conductivity when added to the resin. In addition, when the volume average particle diameter exceeds 500 nm, when the sheet is processed into a sheet (including a film) having a thickness of 100 to 300 μm, the bias of the electron conduction path in the thickness direction is increased, and abnormal discharge is caused. May occur.

In the present invention, a resistance adjusting aid can be used in combination with the conductive filler. As the resistance adjustment auxiliary agent, any of an electronic conductive agent and an ionic conductive agent can be used. As the electronic conductive agent, conductive carbon such as ketjen black and acetylene black; SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, Carbon for rubber such as SRF, FT and MT; carbon for color ink subjected to oxidation treatment, pyrolytic carbon, natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc., metals and metals such as metal fine particles selected from copper, copper alloy, silver, nickel Conductive polymer such as oxide, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, carbon whisker, graphite whisker, titanium carbide whisker, conductive potassium titanate whisker, conductive barium titanate whisker, conductive titanium oxide whisker, conductive zinc oxide whisker, etc. Conductive whiskers, etc. It is below.
In addition, as the ionic conductive agent, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, modified fatty acid dimethylethylammonium and the like perchlorate, chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate , Iodate, borofluoride, sulfate, ethyl sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonate, and other ammonium salts, alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and alkaline earth metals Examples include chlorate, chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate, iodate, borofluoride, sulfate, trifluoromethyl sulfate, and sulfonate.
These resistance adjustment aids may be used singly or in appropriate combination of two or more. For example, an electronic conductive agent and an ionic conductive agent may be used in combination. Conductivity can be expressed stably even with respect to voltage fluctuations and environmental changes.

The cross-linking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can cause a cross-linking reaction by irradiation with an electron beam, but an allylic polyfunctional monomer is preferably used. Examples of such allylic polyfunctional monomers include triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethallyl isocyanurate, diallyl monoglycidyl isocyanurate (DA-MGIC), and among them DA-MGIC has a crosslinking effect in a small amount. Is preferable. Other cross-linking agents include polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomers such as diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol monohydroxypenta (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri ( (Meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tris (acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, tris (methacryloxyethyl) isocyanurate and mixtures thereof Can also be used.
These may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more as desired, and the preferred blending amount is preferably 0.5 to 15 masses with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component. Part, more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass. When there are too many compounding quantities, there exists a possibility of leading to an external appearance defect and a strength fall.

  In the present invention, the conductive filler is dispersed in the thermoplastic resin by kneading the thermoplastic resin and the conductive filler while heating. The temperature at which the conductive filler is dispersed is preferably equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin, and more preferably kneaded at a temperature at which the thermoplastic resin becomes more molten. In general, when a conductive filler is melt-kneaded into a thermoplastic resin, a high shearing force is applied to the aggregated conductive filler to break down the conductive filler, refine it, and uniformly distribute the conductive filler into the molten thermoplastic resin. To disperse. As a kneader for generating a high shearing force, a number of machines using a stone mortar mechanism and a kneading disk in which a high shearing force is introduced into a screw element using a unidirectional twin screw extruder are used. In order to achieve uniform dispersion, the shear force is not reduced by a co-directional twin-screw extruder that does not use a kneading disk, or high shear force such as a pressure kneader is not applied. Can be achieved, or it is desirable to use a special mixing element in a single screw extruder.

In the present invention, a known kneading and dispersing method can be adopted as a method for forming the sea-island structure. Insert the thermoplastic resin and conductive filler that becomes the sea that is the continuous phase, or those that are premixed beforehand from the main hopper of the extruder, and side-feed the thermoplastic resin incompatible material that forms the island. Is preferred. At this time, the melting point of the thermoplastic resin charged from the main hopper is 20 ° C. lower than the melting point of the resin forming the island, or the melting viscosity of the thermoplastic resin charged from the main hopper is the melting point of the resin forming the island. When it is lower than the viscosity, a sea-island structure sheet can be easily formed.
Furthermore, when the solubility parameter (SP value) of the thermoplastic resin that forms the sea and the resin that forms the island to be side-fed is different, the conductive filler is not dispersed in the side-fed resin, and the conductive phase is conductive. The belt is extruded while the conductive filler is unevenly distributed. On the other hand, if they are close, the resin is compatible during the mixed extrusion molding. There is a possibility that the conductive filler cannot be unevenly distributed in the continuous phase.

The seamless sheet of the present invention includes a step of melt-kneading a belt material including at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material that is incompatible with the thermoplastic resin to obtain a melt-kneaded product, Preferably, the kneaded product is produced by extrusion molding to obtain a molded product, and the molded product is preferably irradiated with an electron beam.
As the molding method, injection molding, injection compression molding, injection press molding, injection mold molding, compression molding and transfer molding are preferable, and injection molding methods such as injection press molding and injection mold molding excellent in productivity are more preferable. Flash flow compression molding is more preferred.
The electron beam irradiation is preferably performed after extrusion molding. Immediately after the melt extrusion molding, the molten molded product is irradiated with an electron beam. The irradiation amount of the electron beam is preferably in the range of 10 to 500 kGy.

A basic configuration of an image forming apparatus (printer) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, an embodiment applied to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus will be described. The image forming apparatus includes yellow (hereinafter referred to as “Y”), cyan (hereinafter referred to as “C”), magenta (hereinafter referred to as “M”), black (hereinafter referred to as “K”). The color image is formed from the four color toners.
First, a basic configuration of an image forming apparatus (“tandem type image forming apparatus”) including a plurality of latent image carriers and arranging the plurality of latent image carriers in parallel in the moving direction of the surface moving member will be described.
This image forming apparatus includes four photosensitive members 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K as latent image carriers. Although a drum-shaped photoconductor is taken as an example here, a belt-shaped photoconductor can also be adopted. Each of the photoconductors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow in the drawing while being in contact with the intermediate transfer belt 10 that is a surface moving member. Each of the photoconductors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow in the drawing while contacting the intermediate transfer belt 10. Each of the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K is obtained by forming a photosensitive layer on a relatively thin cylindrical conductive substrate and further forming a protective layer on the photosensitive layer. An intermediate layer may be provided between the protective layer.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the image forming unit 2 in which the photoconductor is disposed. In addition, since the configuration around each of the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K in the image forming units 2Y, 2C, 2M, and 2K is the same, only one image forming unit 2 is illustrated, and the reference symbols Y, C, M, and K are omitted. Around the photosensitive member 1, along the surface movement direction, the charging device 3 as a charging unit, the developing device 5 as a developing unit, and the toner image on the photosensitive member 1 are transferred to a recording medium or an intermediate transfer member 10. A transfer device 6 as a transfer unit and a cleaning device 7 for removing untransferred toner on the photoreceptor 1 are arranged in this order. Between the charging device 3 and the developing device 5, light is emitted from an exposure device 4 as an exposure unit that performs exposure based on image data on the surface of the charged photoconductor 1 and writes an electrostatic latent image. Space is secured so that it can pass through.

The charging device 3 charges the surface of the photoreceptor 1 to a negative polarity. The charging device 3 according to the present embodiment includes a charging roller as a charging member that performs charging processing by a so-called contact / proximity charging method. That is, the charging device 3 charges the surface of the photoreceptor 1 by bringing the charging roller into contact with or close to the surface of the photoreceptor 1 and applying a negative bias to the charging roller. A DC charging bias is applied to the charging roller such that the surface potential of the photoreceptor 1 is −500V.
Note that a charging bias in which an AC bias is superimposed on a DC bias can also be used. Further, the charging device 3 may be provided with a cleaning brush for cleaning the surface of the charging roller. As the charging device 3, a thin film may be wound around both end portions in the axial direction on the circumferential surface of the charging roller and installed so as to contact the surface of the photoreceptor 1. In this configuration, the surface of the charging roller and the surface of the photoreceptor 1 are extremely close to each other with a distance corresponding to the thickness of the film. Therefore, a discharge is generated between the surface of the charging roller 3a and the surface of the photosensitive member 1 by the charging bias applied to the charging roller, and the surface of the photosensitive member 1 is charged by the discharge.
On the surface of the photoreceptor 1 charged in this way, an electrostatic charge image corresponding to each color is formed by exposure by the exposure device 4. The exposure device 4 writes an electrostatic charge image corresponding to each color on the photoreceptor 1 based on image information corresponding to each color. In addition, although the exposure apparatus 4 of this embodiment is a laser system, the other system which consists of an LED array and an imaging means can also be employ | adopted.

  The toner replenished into the developing device 5 from the toner bottles 31Y, 31C, 31M, and 31K is conveyed by the developer supply roller 5b and carried on the developing roller 5a. The developing roller 5 a is conveyed to a developing area facing the photoreceptor 1. Here, the developing roller 5 a moves in the same direction at a linear velocity faster than the surface of the photosensitive member 1 in a region facing the photosensitive member 1 (hereinafter referred to as “developing region”). Then, the toner on the developing roller 5 a supplies the toner to the surface of the photosensitive member 1 while rubbing the surface of the photosensitive member 1. At this time, a developing bias of −300 V is applied to the developing roller 5a from a power source (not shown), thereby forming a developing electric field in the developing region. Then, between the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor 1 and the developing roller 5a, an electrostatic force directed toward the electrostatic latent image side acts on the toner on the developing roller 5a. As a result, the toner on the developing roller 5 a adheres to the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor 1. By this adhesion, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor 1 is developed into a corresponding color toner image.

The intermediate transfer belt 10 in the transfer device 6 is stretched around three support rollers 11, 12, and 13 and is configured to endlessly move in the direction of the arrow in the drawing. On the intermediate transfer belt 10, toner images on the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K are transferred so as to overlap each other by an electrostatic transfer method. Although there is a configuration using a transfer charger in the electrostatic transfer system, a configuration using a transfer roller 14 that generates less transfer dust is adopted here. Specifically, primary transfer rollers 14Y, 14C, 14M, and 14K as transfer devices 6 are disposed on the back surface of the portion of the intermediate transfer belt 10 that contacts the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K, respectively. Here, a primary transfer nip portion is formed by the portions of the intermediate transfer belt 10 pressed by the primary transfer rollers 14Y, 14C, 14M, and 14K and the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K. When transferring the toner images on the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K onto the intermediate transfer belt 10, a positive bias is applied to each primary transfer roller. As a result, a transfer electric field is formed in each primary transfer nip portion, and the toner images on the photoreceptors 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K are electrostatically attached to the intermediate transfer belt 10 and transferred.
When the toner image formed on the photoreceptor 1 is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 10, the photoreceptor 1 and the intermediate transfer belt 10 are preferably in pressure contact. The pressure contact force at this time is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 N / m.
A belt cleaning device 15 for removing toner remaining on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 10 is provided around the intermediate transfer belt 10. The belt cleaning device 15 is configured to collect unnecessary toner adhering to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 10 with a fur brush and a cleaning blade. The collected unnecessary toner is transported from the belt cleaning device 15 to a waste toner tank (not shown) by a transport means (not shown). Further, a secondary transfer roller 16 is disposed in contact with the portion of the intermediate transfer belt 10 stretched around the support roller 13. A secondary transfer nip portion is formed between the intermediate transfer belt 10 and the secondary transfer roller 16, and transfer paper as a recording member is fed into this portion at a predetermined timing. This transfer paper is accommodated in a paper feed cassette 20 on the lower side of the exposure apparatus 4 in the drawing, and is conveyed to the secondary transfer nip portion by a paper feed roller 21, a registration roller pair 22, and the like. Then, the toner images superimposed on the intermediate transfer belt 10 are collectively transferred onto the transfer paper at the secondary transfer nip portion. At the time of the secondary transfer, a positive bias is applied to the secondary transfer roller 16, and the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 10 is transferred onto the transfer paper by a transfer electric field formed thereby. A heat fixing device 23 as a fixing unit is disposed downstream of the secondary transfer nip portion in the transfer paper conveyance direction. The heat fixing device 23 includes a heating roller 23a with a built-in heater and a pressure roller 23b for applying pressure. The transfer paper that has passed through the secondary transfer nip is sandwiched between these rollers and receives heat and pressure. As a result, the toner on the transfer paper is melted and the toner image is fixed on the transfer paper. Then, the fixed transfer paper is discharged by a paper discharge roller 24 onto a paper discharge tray on the upper surface of the apparatus. In the developing device 5, a developing roller 5a as a developer carrying member is partially exposed from an opening of the casing. Further, here, a one-component developer containing no carrier is used. The developing device 5 receives toner of the corresponding color from the toner bottles 31Y, 31C, 31M, and 31K shown in FIG. The toner bottles 31Y, 31C, 31M, and 31K are configured to be detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus so that they can be replaced individually. With such a configuration, only the toner bottles 31Y, 31C, 31M, and 31K may be replaced at the time of toner end. Therefore, other components that have not yet reached the end of their life at the time of toner end can be used as they are, and the user's expense can be reduced.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the developing device. The developer (toner) in the developer container is agitated by a supply roller 5b as a developer supply member, and a developing roller 5a as a developer carrying member that carries the developer supplied to the photoreceptor 1 on the surface thereof. It is carried to the nip part. At this time, the supply roller 5b and the developing roller 5a are rotated in the reverse direction (counter rotation) at the nip portion. Further, the amount of toner on the developing roller 5a is regulated by a regulating blade 5c as a developer layer regulating member provided so as to come into contact with the developing roller 5a, and a thin toner layer is formed on the developing roller 5a. The toner is rubbed between the nip portion of the supply roller 5b and the developing roller 5a, the regulating blade 5c, and the developing roller 5a, and is controlled to an appropriate charge amount.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of the process cartridge.
In the present invention, a plurality of components such as an electrostatic latent image carrier, an electrostatic latent image charging unit, a developing unit, and an electrostatic latent image carrier are integrally combined as a process cartridge. The process cartridge is configured to be detachable from a main body of an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer. The process cartridge shown in FIG. 4 includes an electrostatic latent image carrier, an electrostatic latent image charging unit, and the developing unit described with reference to FIG.

Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
(Preparation of conductive compound (1))
70 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR 741: melting point 170 ° C.) is used as a resin for forming a continuous phase, and an aluminum-doped zinc oxide having a volume resistivity of 100 to 500 (Ω · cm) as a conductive filler (Hux Itec Corp.) Manufactured, 23-K) 30 parts by mass were mixed and kneaded with a twin-screw kneader at 200 ° C. to obtain pellets, thereby obtaining a conductive compound (1).
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (1) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., P-3000: melting point 220 ° C.) is used as the resin constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured with an MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 8.0E + 10 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 7.0E + 8 (Ω · cm). In addition, aE + b such as 7.0E + 8 indicates a × 10 ^b .

(Example 2)
(Preparation of conductive compound (2))
75 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR 741: melting point 170 ° C.) is used as a resin for forming a continuous phase, and an aluminum-doped zinc oxide having a volume resistivity of 100 to 500 (Ω · cm) as a conductive filler (Hux Itec Corp.) Manufactured, 23-K) 25 parts by mass were mixed, kneaded at 200 ° C. with a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pelletized to obtain a conductive compound (2).
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (2) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., P-3000: melting point 220 ° C.) is used as the resin constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
When the resistivity of the produced transfer belt was measured with Hiresta (MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 2.0E + 11 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 8.0E + 9 (Ω · cm). )Met.

(Example 3)
(Conductive compound (3) production)
80 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR741: melting point 170 ° C.) is used as a resin for forming a continuous phase, and an aluminum-doped zinc oxide having a volume resistivity of 100 to 500 (Ω · cm) as a conductive filler (Hux Itec Corp.) Manufactured, 23-K) 20 parts by mass was mixed and kneaded with a twin-screw kneader at 200 ° C. to obtain pellets, thereby obtaining a conductive compound (3).
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (3) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., P-3000: melting point 220 ° C.) is used as the resin constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured with an MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 9.0E + 11 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 4.0E + 10 (Ω · cm).

Example 4
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (1) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of boron nitride (manufactured by Mizushima Alloy Iron Co., Ltd., HP-40) is used as the insulating filler constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured with an MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 9.2E + 10 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 8.3E + 8 (Ω · cm).

(Example 5)
(Sheet processing)
From the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, 100 parts by mass of the conductive compound (2) is added, and 25 parts by mass of boron nitride (manufactured by Mizushima Alloy Iron Co., Ltd., HP-40) is used as the insulating filler constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured with an MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 2.0E + 11 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 8.0E + 9 (Ω · cm).

(Example 6)
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (3) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of boron nitride (manufactured by Mizushima Alloy Iron Company, HP-40) is used as the insulating filler constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured with an MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 9.0E + 11 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 4.0E + 10 (Ω · cm).

(Example 7)
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (2) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., P-3000: melting point 220 ° C.) is used as the resin constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
When the resistivity of the produced transfer belt was measured with Hiresta (MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 2.0E + 11 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 8.0E + 9 (Ω · cm). )Met.
The produced transfer belt was subjected to an electron beam irradiation treatment under the condition of a dose of 300 kGy using an area beam type electron beam irradiation device (NHC Corporation, EBC-300-60).

(Example 8)
From the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, 100 parts by mass of the conductive compound (2) is added, and 25 parts by mass of boron nitride (manufactured by Mizushima Alloy Iron Co., Ltd., HP-40) is used as the insulating filler constituting the island. A seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by charging by side feed and kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
When the resistivity of the produced transfer belt was measured with Hiresta (MCP-HT450 type), the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 2.0E + 11 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 8.0E + 9 (Ω · cm). )Met.
The produced transfer belt was subjected to an electron beam irradiation treatment under the condition of a dose of 300 kGy using an area beam type electron beam irradiation device (NHC Corporation, EBC-300-60).

(Comparative Example 1)
(Preparation of conductive compound (4))
Using 85 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR741: melting point 170 ° C.) as a resin for forming a continuous phase, 15 parts by mass of carbon black (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Denka Black) as a conductive filler is mixed. The mixture was kneaded and pelletized at 200 ° C. with a twin-screw kneading extruder to obtain a conductive compound (4).
(Sheet processing)
The conductive compound (4) was introduced from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and the resin was kneaded and extruded at 200 ° C. from a circular die to produce a seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
As measured by MCP-HT450 type, the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 8.0E + 9 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 6.0E + 8 (Ω · cm).

(Comparative Example 2)
(Preparation of conductive compound (5))
80 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR741: melting point 170 ° C.) is used as a resin for forming a continuous phase, and 20 parts by mass of carbon black (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Denka Black) is mixed therewith. The mixture was kneaded and pelletized at 200 ° C. with a twin-screw kneading extruder to obtain a conductive compound (5).
(Sheet processing)
A conductive compound (5) was introduced from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and the resin was kneaded and extruded at 200 ° C. from a circular die to produce a seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured by MCP-HT450 type), both surface resistivity and volume resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V were over the range (volume resistivity 1.0E + 4 (Ω · cm) or less).

(Comparative Example 3)
(Sheet processing)
100 parts by mass of conductive compound (4) is charged from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and 25 parts by mass of boron nitride (manufactured by Mizushima Alloy Iron Co., Ltd., HP-40) is used as an insulating filler by side feed. Then, a seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared by kneading and extruding the resin from a circular die at 200 ° C.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
When measured by MCP-HT450 type), both surface resistivity and volume resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V were over the range (volume resistivity 1.0E + 4 (Ω · cm) or less).

(Comparative Example 4)
(Preparation of conductive compound (6))
Using 60 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR741: melting point 170 ° C.) as a resin for forming a continuous phase, 40 parts by mass of carbon black (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Denka Black) as a conductive filler is mixed. The mixture was kneaded and pelletized at 200 ° C. with a twin-screw kneading extruder to obtain a conductive compound (6).
(Sheet processing)
The conductive compound (6) was introduced from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder, and the resin was kneaded and extruded at 200 ° C. from a circular die to produce a seamless transfer belt having a thickness of 100 μm.
Resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hiresta UP)
As measured by MCP-HT450 type, the surface resistivity at an applied bias of 500 V was 8.0E + 12 (Ω / □), and the volume resistivity was 6.0E + 11 (Ω · cm).

(Comparative Example 5)
(Preparation of conductive compound (7))
50 parts by mass of PVDF (manufactured by Arkema, KYNAR741: melting point 170 ° C.) as a resin for forming a continuous phase was mixed with 50 parts by mass of carbon black (Denka Black, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a conductive filler. The mixture was kneaded and pelletized at 200 ° C. with a twin-screw kneading extruder to obtain a conductive compound (7).
(Sheet processing)
When the conductive compound (7) was introduced from the main hopper of the twin-screw kneading extruder and the resin was kneaded and extruded at 200 ° C. from a circular die, it was difficult to process into a sheet.

(Image evaluation)
The transfer belts produced in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used as commercially available laser printers (IPSiO, manufactured by Ricoh Company).
SP C220), and 2,000 sheets were printed in an environment where the temperature / humidity was 23 ° C./65% Rh, 10 ° C./15% Rh, 27 ° C./80% Rh, and image evaluation was performed.
As a result, for the transfer belts of Examples 1 to 8, there was no significant difference in image quality from the initial stage to 2,000 sheets in all environments, and good images were output. Especially for the seamless belts of Example 7 and Example 8 subjected to the electron beam irradiation treatment, even if the belt is left in an environment of 27 ° C./80% Rh for a long time, the deterioration of the image quality due to the belt rolling around the belt is suppressed. I was able to confirm.
With respect to the transfer belt of Comparative Example 1, in all the above environments, the initial image quality was good, but it was recognized that the image quality deteriorated in the 2,000th output image.
In the transfer belts of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, sufficient image quality could not be obtained from the initial output image.
In the transfer belt of Comparative Example 4, sufficient image quality was not obtained from the initial output image in an environment of 10 ° C./15% Rh.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photoconductor 2 Image forming part 3 Charging device (charging roller)
4 exposure device 5 developing device 5a developing roller 5b developer supply roller 5c regulating blade 6 transfer device 7 cleaning device 10 intermediate transfer belts 11, 12, 13 support roller 14 primary transfer roller 15 belt cleaning device 16 secondary transfer roller T toner ( Developer)

Japanese Patent No. 4298480 JP 2001-031849 A

Claims (14)

A seamless belt used in an image forming apparatus,
The seamless belt contains at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material that is incompatible with the thermoplastic resin,
The thermoplastic resin forms a continuous phase, the thermoplastic resin incompatible material forms a discontinuous phase,
The thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene resin (ETFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin (PVDF-ETFE), polychlorotrifluoro. A resin selected from ethylene (PCTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA);
The difference in melting point between the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase and the resin not compatible with the thermoplastic resin is 20 ° C. or higher, and the SP value of the resin not compatible with the thermoplastic resin is 9.5 or higher. And
The conductive filler is dispersed in the continuous phase;
The seamless belt, wherein the thermoplastic resin incompatible material is a resin or a resin containing an insulating filler . The seamless belt has a volume resistivity in the range of 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm), a surface resistivity in the range of 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹¹ (Ω / □), and a volume resistivity ≦ surface resistivity. The seamless belt according to claim 1, wherein: The conductive filler is at least one compound selected from zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, and indium oxide having a volume resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ (Ω · cm). Item 3. A seamless belt according to item 1 or 2. The seamless belt according to claim 3, wherein the conductive filler includes any one of an electronic conductive agent and an ionic conductive agent as a resistance adjustment auxiliary agent. The insulating filler is at least one compound selected from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride having a volume resistivity of 10 ¹⁰ (Ω · cm) or more;
The seamless belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the volume average particle diameter of the insulating filler is larger than the volume average particle diameter of the conductive filler. A step of melt-kneading a belt material containing at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material that is incompatible with the thermoplastic resin to obtain a melt-kneaded product;
The seamless belt according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seamless belt is manufactured by a process including a step of extruding the melt-kneaded product to obtain a molded product. The seamless belt according to claim 6, further comprising a step of irradiating the molten molded product with an electron beam after extrusion molding of the melt-kneaded product. At least electrostatic latent image forming means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier;
Developing means for forming a toner image using toner on the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier;
Primary transfer means for transferring the toner image on the image carrier onto the intermediate transfer belt;
Secondary transfer means for transferring the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt onto the recording medium;
An intermediate transfer belt used in an image forming apparatus provided with a fixing unit that fixes a toner image on a recording medium,
The image forming apparatus, wherein the intermediate transfer belt is an intermediate transfer belt using the seamless belt according to any one of claims 1 to 7. At least electrostatic latent image forming means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier;
Developing means for forming a toner image using toner on the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier;
A transfer belt for conveying the recording medium to transfer the toner image on the image carrier onto the recording medium;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image on the image carrier onto the recording medium;
A transfer belt for use in an image forming apparatus provided with a fixing means for fixing a toner image on a recording medium,
An image forming apparatus, wherein the transfer belt is a transfer belt using the seamless belt according to claim 1. A step of melt-kneading a belt material containing at least a conductive filler, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin incompatible material that is incompatible with the thermoplastic resin to obtain a melt-kneaded product;
A process for producing a seamless belt comprising a step of extruding the melt-kneaded product to obtain a molded product ,
A method for manufacturing the seamless belt, the method for manufacturing the seamless belt according to any one of claims 1 to 7 . The method for producing a seamless belt according to claim 10, further comprising a step of irradiating an electron beam to the molten molded product after extrusion molding of the melt-kneaded product. The belt material contains a crosslinking agent, and the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethallyl isocyanurate, and diallyl monoglycidyl isocyanurate. Or the manufacturing method of the seamless belt of 11. The method for producing a seamless belt according to claim 11 or 12, wherein an irradiation dose of the electron beam is 10 to 500 kGy. The seamless bell according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein, in the step of irradiating the electron beam, the electron beam is irradiated at a temperature higher than a glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin forming the continuous phase. Manufacturing method.

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