JP5558774B2 - Extrusion processing apparatus and extrusion processing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an extrusion processing apparatus and an extrusion processing method, and more particularly, to an extrusion processing apparatus and an extrusion processing method that enable extrusion of a metal such as an aluminum material or a difficult-to-extrusion material and extrusion of a shape that is difficult to be extruded.

  In general, when extruding a metal such as an aluminum material in a solid state, if the extrusion ratio (ratio of the cross-sectional area of the extruded material to the area of the die exit (working hole)) is large, the load required for extrusion increases. . In such a state, the load on the stem of the extrusion processing apparatus increases and the load on the container and the die also increases. On the other hand, in order to reduce the load on the extrusion processing apparatus, a method of increasing the temperature of the extruded material and reducing the deformation resistance is conceivable. However, if the temperature of the extruded material is raised too much, there is a limit to raising the temperature of the extruded material, for example, the extruded material melts due to the heat generated during processing, or an appropriate crystal structure cannot be obtained in the processed product.

  Even when the extrusion ratio is small, if the extrusion speed is increased too much, the deformation resistance increases, and the quality of the extruded material due to heat generation during processing becomes a problem, so the extrusion speed may have to be lowered.

  On the other hand, it is known that when ultrasonic vibration is applied during processing of a metal material, the processing load is reduced. For example, in drawing, punching, cutting, etc., it has become clear that the processing load can be reduced by applying ultrasonic vibration to the tool.

  Further, in the field of resin extrusion processing, a technique that enables high-speed extrusion by applying ultrasonic vibration to a die is disclosed (see Patent Document 1). Furthermore, it is also disclosed that ultrasonic vibration is applied to a metal extrusion process and is effective (see Non-Patent Document 1).

JP 2001-88194 A

Mousavi, S.A.A.A., Feizi, H., Madoliat, R., Material Processing Techonology, 187-188 (2007) 657-661.

  However, there is a large difference in the extrusion load between an extrusion apparatus for resin and an extrusion apparatus for metals, etc., so the apparatus configuration is significantly different, and the technology applied to the disclosed resin extrusion apparatus is the same as that for metal extrusion. It is difficult to apply to a processing apparatus. In addition, the result that the effect is obtained by applying ultrasonic vibration to the extrusion processing of metal etc. is the result of analysis by finite element method, and how to apply ultrasonic vibration specifically as an extrusion processing device Is not disclosed.

  The present invention has been made under the circumstances as described above, and an object thereof is to provide an extrusion processing apparatus and an extrusion processing method capable of reducing an extrusion load and improving a processing speed using ultrasonic vibration. .

  In order to achieve the above object, an extrusion processing apparatus according to the present invention is an extrusion processing apparatus for extruding a solid extrusion material, a container for holding the extrusion material movably on an axis in the extrusion direction, and the extrusion material Extrude a die having a processing hole for processing the die into a predetermined shape, an extruded body for applying a force toward the die on the axis in the extrusion direction to the extruded material, and an insertion hole through which the extruded material passing through the die is inserted. A horn that is disposed along the direction axis and is arranged so that the machining hole of the die and the insertion hole communicate with each other, and that transmits ultrasonic vibrations that vibrate on the extrusion direction axis to the die; Ultrasonic vibration generating means for generating vibration is provided.

  Thereby, the extrusion load generated during the processing of the extruded material can be reduced, and the processing speed can be improved.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said die is hold | maintained at the said container so that a movement to an extrusion direction axis | shaft is possible, and the said horn provides the force for the said extrusion body on an extrusion direction axis | shaft to an extrusion material via the said die.

  Thereby, since the ultrasonic vibration which shakes to an extrusion direction axis | shaft is transmitted to the die | dye which can move on an extrusion direction axis | shaft, it becomes possible to influence an ultrasonic vibration to an extrusion process effectively.

  The thickness of the die in the extrusion direction is desirably 5 mm or less.

  According to this, the effect of ultrasonic vibration transmitted from the horn can be effectively exhibited. Further, it is possible to facilitate die processing and improve workability of die replacement work.

  In order to achieve the above object, an extrusion method according to the present invention is an extrusion method for extruding a solid extrusion material, the extrusion material being accommodated in the container, and the extrusion material accommodated in the container. A material is pressed between the extruded body and the die, and the ultrasonic vibration that swings on the axis in the extrusion direction is applied to the die together with the pressurization.

  Thereby, the extrusion load generated during the processing of the extruded material can be reduced, and the processing speed can be improved.

  According to the extrusion apparatus according to the present invention, the extrusion process can be performed while applying ultrasonic vibration that vibrates on the axis in the extrusion direction to the die. Therefore, the extrusion load can be greatly reduced. As a result, it is possible to perform extrusion processing at room temperature even for an extruded material that cannot be extruded unless heated. Moreover, even if it is a cross-sectional shape in which extrusion cannot be performed because the extrusion ratio is large and the extrusion load exceeds the maximum pressing force of the extrusion apparatus, extrusion processing is possible. Under extrusion processing conditions with the same extrusion ratio, the extrusion load can be reduced and the extrusion speed can be accelerated.

It is a perspective view which shows typically the extrusion processing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which notches and shows a part around a horn. It is a side view which shows the periphery of die | dye at the time of an extrusion process in a cross section. It is a figure which shows an example of die | dye, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view which shows the state cut | disconnected by the surface which passes along a central axis. It is a side view which shows the periphery of the die | dye at the time of the extrusion process in this Embodiment in a cross section. It is a side view which shows the periphery of the die | dye at the time of the extrusion process in this Embodiment in a cross section. It is a side view which shows the modification of the die | dye in this Embodiment in a cross section. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a stroke and an extrusion load.

  Next, an embodiment of an extrusion apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an extrusion apparatus according to the present invention.

  As shown in the figure, an extrusion apparatus 100 is an apparatus for extruding a solid extruded material such as a metal or an alloy, and includes a horn 101, ultrasonic vibration generating means 102, a base 103, and a container holding device. The tool 104 and the pressurizing means 105 are provided.

  The base 103 is a structure having sufficient strength and rigidity that can receive all of the force generated during the extrusion process, and a plate body 131 that is placed on the floor and the like, and two plates on the plate body 131. A column body 132 to be fixed and a beam body 133 stretched over the two columns are provided.

  The pressurizing means 105 is a device that is attached to the beam body 133 of the base 103 in a suspended manner and generates a force necessary for the extrusion process. The pressurizing means 105 can be exemplified by a hydraulic device that generates force by causing a cylinder to protrude from the beam body 133 by hydraulic pressure. Further, the pressurizing means 105 includes a cylindrical connector 151 for holding the horn 101.

  The pressurizing means 105 is not limited to being disposed between the beam body 133 and the connection tool 151. For example, the connection tool 151 may be directly fixed to the beam body 133 and the pressurizing means 105 may be disposed between the container holder 104 and the plate body 131. Further, the pressurizing means 105 may be disposed both between the beam body 133 and the connection tool 151 and between the container holder 104 and the plate body 131.

  FIG. 2 is a side view showing the horn and a part thereof cut away.

  As shown in the figure, the ultrasonic vibration generating means 102 is a device that generates ultrasonic vibration in the horn, and includes a vibrator 122 that vibrates with ultrasonic waves, and a control device 121 that controls the vibration of the vibrator 122. It has.

  The frequency generated by the ultrasonic vibration generating means 102 is preferably selected from a range of 10 kHz to 40 kHz. This is because if the selected frequency is out of this range, the pushing load reducing effect is remarkably reduced. Further, the magnitude of the vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration generating means 102 is preferably such that when the horn 101 resonates, the amplitude of the tip surface of the horn 101 is in the range of 1 μm to 30 μm. When the amplitude of the tip surface of the horn 101 is less than 1 μm, the reduction effect of the extrusion load is not so much recognized, and when it exceeds 30 μm, abnormalities in the surface condition such as chatter are noticeably observed on the surface of the extruded product. Because it becomes.

  The horn 101 is a member that transmits ultrasonic vibration on the extrusion direction axis A generated by the vibrator 122 to a die (described later), and the insertion hole 111 through which the processed extruded material (product) is inserted is the extrusion direction axis. It is a member having along A. In the case of the present embodiment, the horn 101 has a cylindrical shape having an insertion hole 111 on the same axis, and the lower end (the tip of the horn 101) has a thin cylindrical shape along the same axis. Yes. The horn 101 is held by the connection tool 151 in the vicinity of the middle portion in the length direction. The portion where the horn 101 is held by the connector 151 is a portion corresponding to a node of vibration when a standing wave is generated in the horn 101 by ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration generating means 102. On the other hand, the length from the portion where the horn 101 is held to the lower end is the surface of a die (described later) attached to the tip of the horn 101 when the standing wave is generated (the die and the extruded material 200 are in contact with each other). The maximum amplitude is adjusted at the interface).

  FIG. 3 is a side view showing, in cross section, the periphery of the die during extrusion.

  As shown in the figure, the extrusion apparatus 100 includes a container 106, a die 107, and an extruded body 108.

  The container 106 is a member that holds the extruded material 200 (billet) so as to be movable on the extrusion direction axis A. In the case of the present embodiment, the container 106 has a thick cylindrical shape. Further, the container 106 is fixed to the plate body 131 of the base 103 by the container holder 104. In addition, what fastens the container 106 to the plate body 131 via the container holder 104 is a bolt.

  The die 107 is a member having a processing hole for processing the extruded material 200 into a predetermined shape.

  4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example of a die, where FIG. 4A is a plan view and FIG. 4B is a side view showing a state cut along a plane passing through the central axis.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the die 107 is a thin disk having an outer diameter that can be fitted in a hole provided coaxially with the central axis of the container 106, and the center portion is processed in the extrusion direction. A hole 171 is provided.

  The thickness of the die 107 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the thickness of the die 107 is 5 mm or less (not including 0 mm) in order to effectively apply ultrasonic vibration to the extrusion process. If the die 107 is thicker than 5 mm, it is difficult to obtain the maximum amplitude at the interface where the die 107 and the extruded material 200 are in contact (that is, the shape of the horn 101 is determined so that the interface has the maximum amplitude). This is because the effect of ultrasonic vibration is suppressed. In view of the above action, the thickness of the die 107 is considered to be as thin as possible. However, when the material constituting the die 107 is a die steel such as SKD51, the thickness of the die 107 is considered in consideration of the strength of the die 107. Is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less.

  The shape of the processed hole 171 depends on the desired product shape, and is not limited to a cross shape.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the extruded body 108 is a member that applies a force toward the die 107 on the extrusion direction axis A to the extruded material 200. In the case of the present embodiment, the extruded body 108 is fitted into the plate body 131 of the base 103 and is sandwiched and fixed between the container 106 and the plate body 131. Therefore, the extruded body 108 of the present embodiment is fixed to the end of the container 106, and does not move with respect to the container 106 like a so-called stem and does not actively push out the extruded material 200.

  Next, an extrusion method using the extrusion processing apparatus 100 will be described.

  First, the container 106 and the extruded body 108 are disposed on the plate body 131 of the base 103, and the container holder 104 is placed on the container 106 and fixed with bolts.

  Next, the extruded material 200 is inserted into the cylindrical container 106. Further, the die 107 is inserted into the container 106 above the extruded material 200.

  Next, using the pressurizing means 105, the horn 101 is moved in the direction of the extruded body 108 (indicated by an arrow in FIG. 3), the tip of the horn 101 is inserted into the container 106, and the tip of the horn 101 is It abuts on the die 107. Further, the horn 101 is advanced by the pressurizing means 105 to press the extruded material 200 accommodated in the container 106 between the extruded body 108 and the die 107.

  On the other hand, the ultrasonic vibration generation means 102 vibrates the vibrator 122 and resonates the horn 101 together with the pressurization. As a result, ultrasonic vibrations that swing on the extrusion direction axis A are applied to the die 107.

  When the pressure state is maintained, the extruded material 200 is pushed out from the processing hole 171 of the die 107 according to the shape of the processing hole 171.

  The product which is the extruded material 200 after processing is inserted into the insertion hole 111 of the horn 101.

  Extrusion can be performed as described above.

  According to the above extrusion processing apparatus 100 and the extrusion processing method, the die 107 can be pushed into the extruded material 200 in the container 106 and subjected to extrusion processing while applying ultrasonic vibration on the extrusion direction axis A to the die 107. . Therefore, the application of ultrasonic vibration and the pressing of the die 107 into the extruded material 200 are performed at the same location, and the deformation of the extruded material 200 occurs immediately below the die 107. That is, since the ultrasonic vibration is efficiently applied to the portion where the extruded material 200 is deformed, the effect of reducing the load by the ultrasonic vibration is very high. In the present embodiment, since most of the die 107 is loaded in the compression direction, the thickness of the die 107 can be reduced. Therefore, it becomes possible to make ultrasonic vibration act more effectively. Further, by applying ultrasonic vibration to the processed portion, a shape that has been difficult to extrude in the past, for example, a cross-shaped product obtained by the processed hole 171 shown in FIG. 4, can be obtained by the extrusion processing. .

  In addition, the die 107 is a consumable item, and it is necessary to replace the die 107 periodically in order to perform the extrusion operation for a long time. However, since the weight of the die 107 can be reduced, the die 107 can be easily replaced. Furthermore, since the price of the die 107 can be suppressed, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, another embodiment of the extrusion processing apparatus 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that members, means, devices, and the like that realize the same operations and functions as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof may be omitted.

  FIG. 5 is a side view showing in cross section the periphery of the die during extrusion in the present embodiment.

  As shown in the figure, the container 106 is fixed to the base 103 by a container holder 104. Further, the horn 101 is fixed to the base 103 via the connector 151 without passing through the pressurizing means 105 (not shown). That is, in this embodiment, the horn 101 and the die 107 are fixed to the base 103 (ultrasonic vibration is generated).

  In the present embodiment, the extruded body 108 functions as a so-called stem, and has a shape that can be inserted into the container 106. A push plate 181 (dummy block) is disposed between the extruded material 200 and the extruded body 108. The push plate 181 is not an essential component.

  The extruded body 108 is connected to the pressurizing means 105 (not shown), and can press the extruded material 200 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure.

  In the case of the present embodiment, since the extruded material 200 slides with respect to the container 106, it is desirable to apply a lubricant so that the friction between the extruded material 200 and the inner surface of the container 106 is reduced.

  According to the above configuration, it is not necessary to push the die 107 and the tip of the horn 101 into the container 106. Therefore, it is not necessary to make the outer diameter of the tip of the horn 101 smaller than the inner diameter of the container 106. Moreover, since the length of the front-end | tip part of the horn 101 and the length of a product are irrelevant, it is not necessary to lengthen the front-end | tip part of the horn 101 according to the length of a product. Therefore, since the horn 101 having a high overall rigidity can be used for the extrusion apparatus 100, the rigidity of the entire extrusion apparatus 100 can be increased. Moreover, it is a comparatively large member, and it is not necessary to move the horn 101 to which the vibrator 122 or the like is attached. On the other hand, the extruded body 108 is comparatively small and can be pushed straight out without being shaken from the extrusion direction axis A because there is no limitation on the holding place for generating ultrasonic vibration unlike the horn 101. It becomes. Therefore, it is possible to perform the extrusion process precisely.

(Embodiment 3)
Next, another embodiment of the extrusion processing apparatus 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that members, means, devices, and the like that realize the same operations and functions as those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof may be omitted.

  FIG. 6 is a side view showing, in cross section, the periphery of the die during extrusion processing in the present embodiment.

  As shown in the figure, the container 106 is fixed to the base 103 by a container holder 104. Further, the die 107 is fixed in a state where the peripheral edge is sandwiched between the container 106 and the base 103. Further, the horn 101 is fixed to the base 103 by a connecting tool 151 without passing through the pressurizing means 105 (not shown).

  The extruded body 108 functions as a so-called stem and has a shape that can be inserted into the container 106. A push plate 181 (dummy block) is disposed between the extruded material 200 and the extruded body 108. The push plate 181 is not an essential component.

  The extruded body 108 is connected to the pressurizing means 105 (not shown), and can press the extruded material 200 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure.

  According to the above configuration, the force generated at the time of extrusion is less likely to be applied to the horn 101, and ultrasonic vibration can be effectively transmitted to the die 107. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the extrusion load while protecting the horn 101 and improve the processing speed.

  FIG. 7 is a side view showing a modification of the die in the present embodiment in section.

  In the die 107 shown in the figure, the portion where the die 107 is fixed is thickened to improve the rigidity of the die 107 as a whole and improve the fixing strength, and only the portion that contacts the horn 101 at the periphery of the processing hole 171 is pushed out. The thickness is reduced. The thickness of the thinned portion corresponds to the “die thickness” in the claims. When such a die 107 is employed, even in an extrusion process that requires a large load, the die 107 can be vibrated by a horn 101 that can withstand a relatively small load, thereby reducing the extrusion load.

  In addition, the extrusion apparatus 100 which concerns on this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above. Another embodiment realized by arbitrarily combining the constituent elements shown in the first to third embodiments is also an embodiment of the present invention. Further, the present invention includes an extrusion apparatus 100 and an extrusion method obtained by subjecting the above components to various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, the shape of the insertion hole 111 of the horn 101 may be a hole having a cross-sectional shape larger than the circle in which the machining hole 171 of the die 107 is inscribed. Moreover, the cross-sectional shape of the insertion hole 111 is not a circle, and may be a shape similar to the shape of the processing hole 171.

  Further, the horn 101 may be connected to the extruded body 108 and ultrasonic vibration may be applied to the extruded body 108.

  Next, specific examples will be described.

  Extrusion processing was performed on the extruded material 200 made of pure aluminum (A1050) using the extrusion processing apparatus 100 shown in the first embodiment.

  Extrusion ratio: 4 (extrusion material 200: round bar with a diameter of 8 mm, machining hole 171 of the die 107: a circle with a diameter of 4 mm), moving speed of the horn 101: 0.1 mm / s, vibrator 122 of the ultrasonic vibration generating means 102 Vibration: 20 kHz. Extrusion was performed under the above conditions.

  Note that the horn 101 resonated under the above conditions, and the amplitude of the surface of the horn 101 in contact with the die 107 (tip surface of the horn 101) was 15 μm.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the stroke and the extrusion load.

  As shown in the graph, when the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the die 107 (with the addition of ultrasonic waves), compared with the case where the ultrasonic vibration is not applied to the die 107 (without the ultrasonic waves), the extrusion load is at least 40. % Can be seen.

  According to the present invention, a product having a complicated cross-sectional shape can be manufactured by extrusion, and a product having a more complicated cross-sectional shape than before can be obtained. Further, since it is possible to perform extrusion processing with a low load, it is possible to perform extrusion processing on a hard extruded material that has been impossible in the past. In addition, since the product can be processed at a high processing speed, the production efficiency can be increased.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Extrusion apparatus 101 Horn 102 Ultrasonic vibration generation means 103 Base 104 Container holder 105 Pressurization means 106 Container 107 Die 108 Extrusion body 111 Insertion hole 121 Control apparatus 122 Vibrator 131 Plate body 132 Column body 133 Beam body 151 Connection Tool 171 Processing hole 181 Press plate 200 Extruded material

Claims (4)

An extrusion processing apparatus for extruding a solid extruded material,
A container holding the extruded material movably on the axis in the extrusion direction;
A die having a processing hole for processing the extruded material into a predetermined shape;
An extruded body that imparts a force toward the die on the axis in the extrusion direction to the extruded material;
An ultrasonic wave that has an insertion hole through which the extruded material passing through the die is inserted along the extrusion direction axis, is arranged so that the processing hole of the die communicates with the insertion hole, and vibrates on the extrusion direction axis A horn that transmits vibrations to the die;
An ultrasonic vibration generating means for generating ultrasonic vibration in the horn ,
The horn resonates with the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration generating means, and has a length at which an end contacting the die has a maximum amplitude, and is held at a minimum amplitude portion.
The ultrasonic vibration generating means includes a vibrator that vibrates with ultrasonic waves connected to a portion of the horn opposite to a portion in contact with the die with respect to a portion where the horn is held. Processing equipment. The die is held in the container so as to be movable in an extrusion direction axis;
The extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the horn applies a force directed to the extruded body on an extrusion direction axis to the extruded material through the die. The extrusion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a thickness of the die in an extrusion direction is 5 mm or less. An extrusion method for extruding a solid extruded material,
The extruded material is accommodated in a container so as to be movable on the extrusion direction axis .
While pressure by being sandwiched between an extrusion body for applying a force toward the die on the die and the extrusion axis with a working hole for processing an extruded material contained in the container into a predetermined shape to the extruded material,
It has an insertion hole through which the extruded material passing through the die is inserted along the axis in the extrusion direction, and is disposed so that the processing hole of the die and the insertion hole communicate with each other, and the end portion that contacts the die is the largest. A horn having a length of amplitude and held by a minimum amplitude portion is vibrated by ultrasonic waves connected to a portion of the horn opposite to a portion contacting the die with respect to a portion where the horn is held. extrusion methods ultrasonic vibration generating means comprising a vibrator to resonate with ultrasonic vibration causes the generated ultrasonic vibrations to vibrate at the extrusion axis on you transmitted to the die to be.

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