JP5556135B2 - Initial charging circuit for 3-level power converter - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheel diode connected in antiparallel are connected in parallel, and an AC voltage input to an input terminal is converted to DC. A converter unit that converts voltage, a capacitor unit that includes a plurality of capacitors, has a neutral point, and smoothes the DC voltage converted by the converter unit, and freewheel diodes are connected in reverse parallel 4 A plurality of sets of phase units each composed of one switching element and two clamp diodes are connected in parallel, and an inverter unit that converts a DC voltage smoothed by a capacitor unit into an AC voltage and outputs the AC voltage from an output terminal. The present invention relates to an initial charging circuit of a three-level power converter that outputs a three-level voltage.

  As an initial charging circuit of a power converter, for example, the one shown in Patent Document 1 is known. Patent Document 1 relates to a two-level power conversion device, and in a power conversion device including a capacitor connected in parallel to a DC circuit formed by a converter unit and an inverter unit, it is limited to the input side of the converter unit. An initial charging circuit consisting of a parallel circuit of a current resistor and a short circuit switch is connected. First, initial charging of the capacitor is started via the current limiting resistor by closing the AC power supply, and then the current limiting resistor is short-circuited by the short circuit switch. Thus, charging of the capacitor is completed.

  On the other hand, in recent years, a three-level power converter has been attracting attention for the reason that a high voltage and a large capacity can be realized relatively easily and output harmonics are small. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of this three-level power converter.

  In the figure, 1 is a contact for turning on the power, 2 is an input for transforming the AC voltage of each phase (R phase, S phase, T phase) input from a three-phase AC power source (main circuit power source) into a predetermined voltage. Transformer 3 is a three-level converter unit that converts AC voltage into DC voltage, and 4 is a series connection of a plurality of capacitors (large-capacity filter capacitors) 41 and 42, and smoothes the DC voltage converted by the converter unit 3 Capacitor unit 5 is a three-level inverter unit that converts the DC voltage smoothed by capacitor unit 4 into an AC voltage. The output terminal (U phase, V phase, W phase) of inverter unit 5 has a motor, etc. Load is connected. An initial charging circuit 6 includes a current limiting resistor 62 for preventing an inrush current from flowing into the converter unit 3 and the capacitor unit 4, and a short-circuit switch 61 for short-circuiting the current limiting resistor. Note that P, N, and M are a positive potential point, a negative potential point, and a neutral point of a DC voltage, respectively.

Here, the converter unit 3 is provided with switching elements 31a to 31l such as IGBTs, free wheel diodes 32a to 32l, and clamp diodes 33a to 33f. In the R-phase unit of the converter unit 3, switching elements 31a to 31d are connected in series between a positive potential point P and a negative potential point N, and free wheel diodes 32a to 32d are connected to the switching elements 31a to 31d. Are connected in reverse parallel. Similarly, in the S-phase unit, switching elements 31e to 31h are connected in series with each other, and free wheel diodes 32e to 32h are connected in reverse parallel to the switching elements 31e to 31h, respectively, and the T-phase unit includes the switching element 31i. To 31l are connected in series with each other, and free wheel diodes 32i to 32l are connected in reverse parallel to the switching elements 31i to 31l, respectively.

Clamp diodes 33a and 33b are connected in series between a connection point between the switching element 31a and the switching element 31b of the R-phase unit and a connection point between the switching element 31c and the switching element 31d. Similarly, clamp diodes 33c and 33d are connected in series between a connection point between the switching element 31e and the switching element 31f of the S-phase unit and a connection point between the switching element 31g and the switching element 31h. Clamp diodes 33e and 33f are connected in series between a connection point between the switching element 31i and the switching element 31j and a connection point between the switching element 31k and the switching element 31l.

  These R-phase unit, S-phase unit and T-phase unit are connected in parallel, and capacitors 41 and 42 connected in series are connected in parallel with each phase (R-phase, S-phase and T-phase) unit. The neutral point M, which is the connection point between the capacitor 41 and the capacitor 42, the connection point between the clamp diode 33a and the clamp diode 33b, the connection point between the clamp diode 33c and the clamp diode 33d, the clamp diode 33e and the clamp diode 33f, Are connected to each other.

  Further, an AC input terminal is provided between the switching elements 31b and 31c of the R-phase unit, between the switching elements 31f and 31g of the S-phase unit, and between the switching elements 31j and 31k of the T-phase unit. And is connected to the secondary winding of the input transformer 2 via the initial charging circuit 6.

The inverter unit 5 is provided with switching elements 51a to 51l such as IGBTs, free wheel diodes 52a to 52l, and clamp diodes 53a to 53f. In the U-phase unit of the inverter unit 5, switching elements 51a to 51d are connected in series between a positive potential point P and a negative potential point N, and free wheel diodes 52a to 52d are connected to the switching elements 51a to 51d. Are connected in reverse parallel. Similarly, in the V-phase unit, switching elements 51e to 51h are connected in series with each other, and free wheel diodes 52e to 52h are connected in reverse parallel to the switching elements 51e to 51h, respectively. Are connected in series with each other, and free wheel diodes 52i to 52l are connected in reverse parallel to the switching elements 51i to 51l, respectively.

Clamp diodes 53a and 53b are connected in series between a connection point between the switching element 51a and the switching element 51b of the U-phase unit and a connection point between the switching element 51c and the switching element 51d. Similarly, clamp diodes 53c and 53d are connected in series between a connection point between the switching element 51e and the switching element 51f of the V-phase unit and a connection point between the switching element 51g and the switching element 51h. Clamp diodes 53e and 53f are connected in series between a connection point between the switching element 51i and the switching element 51j and a connection point between the switching element 51k and the switching element 51l.

  These U-phase unit, V-phase unit, and W-phase unit are connected in parallel, and capacitors 41 and 42 connected in series are connected in parallel with each phase (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) unit. The neutral point M, which is the connection point between the capacitor 41 and the capacitor 42, the connection point between the clamp diode 53a and the clamp diode 53b, the connection point between the clamp diode 53c and the clamp diode 53d, the clamp diode 53e and the clamp diode 53f, Are connected to each other.

  Further, an AC output terminal U is provided between the switching element 51b and the switching element 51c of the U-phase unit, an AC output terminal V is provided between the switching element 51f and the switching element 51g of the V-phase unit, and the switching of the W-phase unit is performed. An AC output terminal W is provided between the element 51j and the switching element 51k.

Next, the operation will be described.
First, prior to starting the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5 which are main circuits of the power converter, the contact 1 is inserted with the short-circuit switch 61 open. The AC voltage of each phase (R phase, S phase, T phase) input from the AC power source is transformed to a predetermined voltage by the input transformer and rectified to DC by the free wheel diodes 32 a to 32 l of the converter unit 3. Here, the capacitor unit 4 is charged to the rated value via the current limiting resistor 62 for preventing the inrush current immediately after power-on from flowing into the converter unit 3 and the capacitor unit 4. This is called initial charging.

  Next, after confirming that the capacitor unit 4 is charged to the rated value, for example, with a voltage detector (not shown), the short-circuit switch 61 is closed to short-circuit the current limiting resistor 62. Thereafter, a gate signal is given to switching elements 31a to 31l and switching elements 51a to 51l, and operation of converter unit 3 and inverter unit 5 is started.

  In the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5, pulse width modulation control is adopted, and a plurality of pulses are generated during a half cycle of the AC voltage so that each pulse width has a difference. Close to the waves. When voltage adjustment is performed by pulse width modulation control, the width of each pulse is changed.

  Further, in the three-level power converter, when the DC voltage applied to the two capacitors 41 and 42 connected in series is Ed, the positive side potential (+ Ed / 2) and the zero potential (neutral) are output voltages of each phase. It has a feature that it can output ternary values (potential at point M) and negative potential (-Ed / 2). For this reason, compared to a two-level power converter that outputs two values of (+ Ed / 2) and (−Ed / 2) as the output voltage of each phase, the number of output levels of the output voltage increases and harmonics are generated. It has the advantage that it can be reduced.

JP 2004-140969 A (FIG. 4 etc.)

  In the conventional power converter, as described above, the capacitor unit 4 is initially charged through the current limiting resistor 62, and the short-circuit switch 61 is used to supply the smoothed DC voltage to the inverter unit 5 after the initial charging. Has been. For this reason, the load current flows through the short-circuit switch 61 during the operation of the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5 after the initial charging.

  Therefore, the short-circuit switch 61 has to be large and expensive because it is necessary to use a switch that can withstand the load current in order to flow the load current to the inverter unit 5 after the completion of the initial charging.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and to provide a power conversion device having a small and inexpensive initial charging circuit without the need to provide an initial charging circuit in a main circuit (path through which a load current flows). To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheel diode connected in antiparallel are connected in parallel. A converter unit that converts an AC voltage input to the input terminal into a DC voltage, a capacitor unit that includes a plurality of capacitors, has a neutral point, and smoothes the DC voltage converted by the converter unit, respectively Multiple sets of each phase unit composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes connected in reverse parallel to the freewheel diode are connected in parallel, and the DC voltage smoothed by the capacitor is converted to AC voltage. In a three-level power converter comprising an inverter unit that outputs from an output terminal, an input of a three-phase control power source and the converter unit A switch that opens and closes a connection between any two phases of the terminal or the output terminal of the inverter unit and a connection between the remaining one phase of the three-phase control power source and the neutral point, and from the three-phase control power source to the capacitor unit Current limiting means for limiting the current flowing in.

  In the second aspect of the invention, a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheel diode connected in antiparallel are connected in parallel and input to an input terminal. A converter unit that converts AC voltage into DC voltage, a capacitor unit that is composed of a plurality of capacitors, has a neutral point, and smoothes the DC voltage converted by the converter unit, and a free wheel diode is antiparallel. Plural sets of each phase unit composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes connected are connected in parallel, and the DC voltage smoothed by the capacitor is converted into an AC voltage and output from the output terminal. In a three-level power converter comprising an inverter unit, a three-phase control power source and a positive potential point and a negative potential point of the capacitor unit A switch that opens and closes a connection between the remaining one phase of the three-phase control power source and the neutral point, and a rectifier interposed between the three-phase control power source and the positive potential point and the negative potential point; Current limiting means for limiting a current flowing into the capacitor unit from the three-phase control power supply.

  According to the three-level power converter according to the present invention, the inrush current is generated by performing the initial charging of the capacitor unit by using the initial charging circuit including the switch and the current limiting means before starting the converter unit and the inverter unit. In addition to being able to be effectively suppressed, a large and expensive current limiting resistor and a short-circuit switch used in a conventional initial charging circuit are not required, and a small and inexpensive device can be obtained.

  Also, by connecting a three-phase control power supply to any two phases and a neutral point, it becomes possible to reduce the control power supply voltage to almost half that of a single phase, resulting in a small and inexpensive device. It becomes possible.

1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. Circuit configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention Circuit configuration diagram showing a conventional power converter

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power conversion device showing a first embodiment of the present invention. Here, components having the same functions as those in FIG.
This embodiment is characterized in that an initial charging circuit 8 is provided instead of the initial charging circuit 6 of FIG. That is, the characteristic of this embodiment is that an initial charging circuit 8 using a three-phase control power supply 7 as a power supply is provided. This initial charging circuit 8 is a current that flows into the switch 81 and the capacitor unit 4. Current limiting means (in this case, the winding resistance and inductance of the insulating transformer 82 are used). The switch 81 is connected to the secondary winding of the insulating transformer 82, and one terminal among the three terminals of the switch 81 is connected between the switching element 31 b and the switching element 31 c of the R-phase unit. The other one of the terminals is connected between the switching element 31f and the switching element 31g of the S-phase unit, and the remaining one of the three terminals of the switch 81 is a connection point between the capacitor 41 and the capacitor 42. Connected to neutral point M. Note that the three-phase control power supply 7 is a power supply that is normally provided for use in a control device (for example, a control device, a relay, a cooling fan, etc.) of the power converter, and is connected to the input terminals R, S, and T. For the voltage of the main circuit power supply of several kV and the capacity of several hundred kVA to several tens of MVA, the three-phase control power supply 7 is a power supply having a voltage of about 200 V or 400 V and a capacity of about several kVA. Further, the insulating transformer 82 insulates and boosts the three-phase control power supply 7.

  In this way, two of the three terminals of the switch 81 are connected to the R-phase and S-phase input terminals of the converter unit 3, and the remaining one terminal is connected to the neutral point M of the DC unit to provide a single-phase rectifier. It consists of two sets. Here, the R-phase unit and the S-phase unit of the converter unit 3 are used to connect to the three-phase control power supply 7. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the three terminals of the switch 81 are connected to the converter unit 3. It is only necessary to be connected to any two phases of the input terminal of the inverter or the output terminal of the inverter unit 5 and the neutral point M of the DC unit.

Next, the operation will be described.
Prior to activation of the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5 which are main circuits of the three-level power converter, the switch 81 is turned on, and the capacitor unit 4 is initially charged from the three-phase control power source 7 through the insulating transformer 82. In FIG. 1, two sets of single-phase rectifiers are configured by eight free wheel diodes 32 a to 32 h of the R-phase unit and the S-phase unit in the converter unit 3, and the capacitor unit 4 can be initially charged.

  The winding impedance of the insulating transformer 82 constituting the initial charging circuit 8 is a resistance component and an inductance, and has a large resistance value, so that even a small one has a sufficient current limiting effect.

  Next, after confirming that the capacitor unit 4 has been charged to the rated value, for example, with a voltage detector (not shown), the switch 81 is opened. Thus, when the initial charging of the capacitor unit 4 is completed, the initial charging circuit 8 is disconnected from the main circuit. After that, when the contact 1 is turned on, an AC voltage is input to each phase (R phase, S phase, T phase) from the AC power source, and is transformed to a predetermined voltage by the input transformer 2. The transformed AC voltage is rectified to a DC voltage by the converter unit 3, and the DC voltage is smoothed by the charged capacitor unit 4, and the smoothed DC voltage is input to the inverter unit 5. Thereafter, a gate signal is given to switching elements 31a to 31l and switching elements 51a to 51l to start operation of converter unit 3 and inverter unit 5, and a U phase controlled to an AC voltage having a desired voltage and frequency, Outputs V phase and W phase.

  As described above, since the switch 81 only flows the initial charging current, as compared with the short-circuit switch 61 in which the load current during the operation of the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5 after the completion of the initial charging flows as in the prior art shown in FIG. Small and inexpensive can be used. Further, the switch 81 may be any switch as long as the main circuit and the three-phase control power supply 7 can be intermittently connected, and a switch using a semiconductor can be used in addition to a mechanical switch.

  Confirmation of the completion of the initial charging of the capacitor unit 4, turning on / off of the switch 81, and turning on of the contact 1 may be performed manually, or a series of operations may be automatically performed using automatic control means. May be.

FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power conversion device showing a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, components having the same functions as those in FIG.
This embodiment is characterized in that an initial charging circuit 9 is provided instead of the initial charging circuit 8 of FIG. That is, the characteristic of this embodiment is that an initial charging circuit 9 using a three-phase control power source 7 as a power source is provided. This initial charging circuit 9 flows into the switch 93 and the capacitor unit 4. The current limiting means for limiting current (here, the winding resistance and inductance of the insulating transformer 92 are used) and a diode rectifier 94 are included. Any two terminals of the three terminals of the secondary winding of the insulating transformer 92 are connected to the positive potential point P and the negative potential point N via the diode rectifier 94, and the secondary winding of the insulating transformer 92 The remaining one of the three terminals is connected to a neutral point M, which is a connection point between the capacitor 41 and the capacitor 42.

Next, the operation will be described.
Prior to starting the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5 which are the main circuits of the three-level power converter, the switch 93 is turned on, and the initial phase is supplied from the three-phase control power supply 7 to the capacitor unit 4 via the isolation transformer 92 and the diode rectifier 94. Charge the battery. The winding impedance of the insulating transformer 92 constituting the initial charging circuit 9 is a resistance component and an inductance, and since the resistance value is large, even a small one has a sufficient current limiting effect.

  Next, after confirming that the capacitor unit 4 has been charged to the rated value, for example, with a voltage detector (not shown), the switch 93 is opened. Thus, when the initial charging of the capacitor unit 4 is completed, the initial charging circuit 9 is disconnected from the main circuit. Thereafter, when the contact 1 is turned on, an AC voltage is input from the AC power source to each phase (R phase, S phase, T phase), and is transformed to a predetermined voltage by the input transformer 2. The transformed AC voltage is rectified to a DC voltage by the converter unit 3, and the DC voltage is smoothed by the charged capacitor unit 4, and the smoothed DC voltage is input to the inverter unit 5. Thereafter, a gate signal is given to switching elements 31a to 31l and switching elements 51a to 51l to start operation of converter unit 3 and inverter unit 5, and U phase, V phase, and W phase controlled to an arbitrary AC voltage. Is output.

  As described above, the initial charging circuit 9 can be configured by using the diode rectifier 94 with a small current. In the second embodiment, the switch 93 flows only in the initial charging current. Compared to the short-circuit switch 61 in which the load current during operation of the converter unit 3 and the inverter unit 5 after the completion of the initial charging is performed as in the related art shown, a small and inexpensive one can be used. Further, the switch 93 may be any switch as long as the main circuit and the three-phase control power supply 7 can be intermittently connected. In addition to a mechanical switch, a switch using a semiconductor can also be used.

  The confirmation of the completion of the initial charging of the capacitor unit 4, the turning on / off of the switch 93, and the turning on of the contact 1 may be performed manually, or a series of operations may be automatically performed using automatic control means. May be.

  In the first and second embodiments, the insulating transformers 82 and 92 are used as the current limiting means. However, if necessary, a protection fuse, a resistor, and a reactor can be provided. Even in this case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

  Furthermore, in the said 1st, 2nd embodiment, although demonstrated using IGBT as a switching element of the converter part 3 and the inverter part 5, you may use a semiconductor other than this.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Contact, 2 ... Input transformer, 3 ... Converter part, 4 ... Capacitor part, 5 ... Inverter part, 6, 8, 9 ... Initial charging circuit, 7 ... Three-phase control power supply.

Claims (3)

A converter unit in which a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheeling diode connected in antiparallel are connected in parallel;
An inverter unit in which a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheel diode connected in reverse parallel are connected in parallel;
Capacitor portion formed by connecting positive and negative capacitors in series and having the connection point as a neutral point, connected to the connection point between the output terminal of the converter unit and the input terminal of the inverter unit,
In a three-level power converter with
Connection between any two phases of the three-phase control power source and any two phases of the input terminal of the converter unit or the output terminal of the inverter unit, and connection between the remaining one phase of the three-phase control power source and the neutral point the initial charging circuit of a three-level power converting apparatus characterized by comprising a switch for opening and closing. A converter unit in which a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheeling diode connected in antiparallel are connected in parallel;
An inverter unit in which a plurality of sets of phase units each composed of four switching elements and two clamp diodes each having a freewheel diode connected in reverse parallel are connected in parallel;
Capacitor portion formed by connecting positive and negative capacitors in series and having the connection point as a neutral point, connected to the connection point between the output terminal of the converter unit and the input terminal of the inverter unit,
In a three-level power converter with
A switch for opening and closing a connection between any two phases of the three-phase control power supply and the positive potential point and negative potential point of the capacitor unit and a connection between the remaining one phase of the three-phase control power supply and the neutral point; wherein the phase control power positive potential point, the initial charging circuit of a three-level power converting apparatus being characterized in that a through interpolated rectifier between the negative potential point. In the initial charging circuit of a three-level power converter according to claim 1 or claim 2, the output of the 3-phase control power initial charging circuit of a three-level power converting apparatus which is characterized that you have been insulated by insulating transformer .

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