JP5546711B2 - Liquid crystal medium and liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to liquid crystal media and liquid crystal displays including these media, and more particularly to a display driven by an active matrix, particularly a display operating in the TN mode.

  Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are widely used to display information. LCDs are used not only for projection displays but also for direct view displays. The electro-optic modes used are, for example, the most commonly used twisted nematic (TN) mode, super twisted nematic (STN) mode, optical compensation bend (OCB) mode and voltage controlled birefringence (ECB) mode and their various variations. Law. All of these modes use electric fields that are substantially perpendicular to the substrate and the liquid crystal layer, respectively.

  In addition to these modes, for example, an in-plane switching mode (for example, German Patent No. 4000451 (Patent Document 1) and European Patent No. 0588568) using an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate and the liquid crystal layer, respectively. (Disclosed in Patent Document 2). In particular, this electro-optical mode is used in the latest LCDs for desktop monitors and is considered to be applied to displays for multimedia applications.

  The liquid crystal of the present invention is preferably used in the TN mode.

For these displays, there is a need for new liquid crystal media with improved properties. In particular, the response time needs to be improved for many types of applications. Therefore, a liquid crystal medium having a lower viscosity (η), particularly a lower rotational viscosity (γ ₁ ) is required. The rotational viscosity should preferably be 115 mPa · s or less, preferably 105 mPa · s or less, in particular 95 mPa · s or less. In addition to this parameter, the medium should suitably exhibit a wide range of nematic phases, somewhat small birefringence (Δn), and the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) is high enough to allow a reasonably low operating voltage. Should. Preferably it should be greater than 5, very preferably greater than 6, but in many cases it should be preferably 18 or less, in particular 15 or less, at the same time because it adversely affects a reasonably high resistivity. .

Display of the present invention, an active matrix (a ctive m atrix LC D s , short AMD), preferably preferably be driven by thin film transistor (TFT) matrix. However, the liquid crystal of the present invention can also be used beneficially for displays with other known drive means.

Various different display modes are known using low molecular weight liquid crystal materials together with polymer materials as a composite system. For example, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) disclosed in WO 91/05 029, nematic curvilinearily
There are aligned phase (NCAP) and polymer network (PN) systems, or axially symmetric microdomain (ASM) systems. In contrast to this, it is particularly preferred according to the invention to use the liquid crystal medium, which is oriented on the surface, as it is. These surfaces are typically pretreated to achieve uniform alignment of the liquid crystal material. The display mode according to the invention preferably uses an electric field substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer.

Liquid crystal compositions suitable for LCDs, particularly TN displays, are known to those skilled in the art. These compositions, however, have significant drawbacks. Many of these compositions have inconveniently long response times, too low specific resistance values and / or too high operating voltages, among other drawbacks.
German Patent No. 4000451 European Patent No. 0588568

  Thus, liquid crystal media with properties suitable for practical applications, such as a wide nematic phase range, suitable optical anisotropy Δn depending on the display mode used, suitably high Δε, in particular low viscosity, are evident. It has been demanded.

  Surprisingly, a liquid crystal medium having a suitable phase range, a suitably high Δε, a suitably low Δn, and a low rotational viscosity leading to fast response, which does not exhibit the disadvantages of conventional materials or at least It has been found that liquid crystal media can be realized that show exceptionally small extent.

These improved liquid crystal media of the present application comprise at least the following components (A) to (D).
Component (A): containing one or more of the dielectrically positive compounds of formula I and one or more of the dielectrically positive compounds selected from the group of formulas II and III Dielectrically positive component, component (A).

Here, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently of each other alkyl having 1 to 7 carbons, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl having 2 to 7 carbons, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or Fluorinated alkenyl, and preferably alkyl or alkenyl, and R ¹ is preferably alkyl,

Are independent of each other and

But when there are two of these,

And
Preferably,

And preferably at least one of

At least one of

And preferably

Respectively

And
Z ²¹ , Z ²² , and Z ³ are independent of each other, and when two of Z ²¹ and / or Z ³ are present, they are also independently of each other —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —COO—, trans— -CH = CH-, trans - CF = CF -, - CH 2 O -, - a _CF 2 O-or a single bond, ^preferably, at least one single bond of ^{Z 21} and ^{Z 22,} and most Preferably, if present, at least two of them are single bonds, Z ³ is a single bond,
n and m, independently of one another, are 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, most preferably 1.
X ¹ , X ² and X ³ are independently of each other halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, preferably F, Cl , Fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or fluorinated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, more preferably F, Cl, —OCF ₃ or —CF ₃ , and most preferably F or —OCF ₃
Y ²¹ and Y ²² are independently of each other H or F, preferably Y ²¹ is F, and
Y ³¹ and Y ³² are independently H or F, provided that

, Y ³¹ and Y ³² are both either H or F.

  Component (B): a dielectrically neutral component as an optional component, component (B).

  Component (C): a dielectrically positive component as an optional component, component (C).

  Component (D): a dielectrically negative component as an optional component, component (D).

  Preferably component (A), which is a dielectrically positive component, contains one or more dielectrically positive compounds, more preferably most, more preferably substantially, particularly preferred. Are all composed of dielectrically positive compounds. Preferably, it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas I-III, preferably one or more compounds from each of formulas I and II, most preferably formulas I, II and 1 type or 2 types or more of each compound of III is included.

  Preferably, the dielectrically positive component, component (A) is selected from the group of compounds of formulas I-1 to I-4, preferably one selected from the group of compounds of formulas I-1 to I-3 or Contains two or more compounds.

Here, R ¹ has the meaning defined in Formula I above.

Preferably, the dielectrically positive component, component (A) comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas I-1 and I-3, preferably 1 of formula I-1 Include one or more compounds, most preferably one or more compounds of formula I-1, wherein R ¹ is n-alkyl or alkenyl.

  Preferably, the dielectrically positive component, component (A) comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas II-1 to II-10, preferably formulas II-1, II -2, II-4, II-6, II-7, II-8 and II-10, most preferably of formula II-2, II-4, II-6, II-7, II Containing a compound selected from the group consisting of -8 and II-10.

Here, R ² and X ² each have the meaning defined for Formula II above.

In a preferred embodiment, the dielectrically positive component, component (A), is selected from the group consisting of II-1, II-2, II-3, II-4, II-6, II-7 and II-8. Wherein R ² and X ² have the meanings defined for Formula II above, R ² is preferably n-alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably Is alkyl except in formula II-1, most preferably alkenyl.

  Compounds of formula II present in addition to compounds selected from formulas II-1 to II-10 include formulas II-11 to II-21.

Here, R ² has the meaning defined for formula II above.

  Preferably, the dielectrically positive component, component (A) comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of III-1 to III-17, preferably III-2, III-6. And a compound selected from the group consisting of III-7, III-8, III-16 and III-17.

R ³ here has the meaning defined in formula III above.

  Preferably, the liquid crystal medium of the present invention contains a dielectrically neutral component, component (B). This component has a dielectric anisotropy in the range of -1.5 to 3. Preferably, this component comprises a neutral compound, preferably consisting mostly of a compound which is mostly, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all dielectrically neutral. Preferably, this component comprises one or more of the dielectrically neutral compounds of formula IV, preferably most, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all of the dielectrics of formula IV. It consists of a neutral compound.

ここで、Ｒ^４１およびＲ^４２は、互いに独立して前記式ＩのＲ^１に定義されものと同じ意味を有し、好ましくは、Ｒ^４１はアルキルまたはアルケニルであり、Ｒ^４２はアルキルである。

Here, R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² have the same meaning as defined for R ¹ of formula I above independently, preferably R ⁴¹ is alkyl or alkenyl, and R ⁴² is alkyl.

は互いに独立して、且つ

Are independent of each other and

But when there are two of these, they are also independent of each other,

And preferably

When present, at least one of them is

It is.

Z ⁴¹ and Z ⁴² are independent of each other, and when two Z ⁴¹ are present, they are also independent of each other, —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —COO—, trans——CH═CH—, trans— _{-CF = CF -, - CH 2} O -, - a _CF 2 O-or a single bond, preferably at least one of them is a single bond,
o is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1.

  Preferably, the dielectrically neutral component, component (B), is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IV-1 to IV-7, more preferably IV-1, IV-3, IV-4, IV- 1 type, or 2 or more types of compounds chosen from the group which consists of a compound of 6 and IV-7 are included.

Wherein R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² each have the meaning defined in Formula IV above, and in Formulas IV-1, IV-4 and IV-5, R ⁴¹ is preferably alkyl or alkenyl, preferably alkenyl. And R ⁴² is preferably alkyl or alkenyl, preferably alkyl, in formula IV-2, R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² are preferably alkyl, and in formula IV-3, R ⁴¹ is preferably alkyl or Alkenyl, preferably alkyl, ^R42 is preferably alkyl or alkoxy, preferably alkyl, and in formulas IV-6 and IV-7, ^R41 and ^R42 are preferably alkyl.

  Preferably, the dielectrically neutral component, component (B) contains one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas IV-1, IV-3 to IV-7, preferably 1 type, or 2 or more types of the compound of IV-1 and 1 type, or 2 or more types of compounds chosen from the group of Formula IV-3, IV-4, IV-6, and IV-7 are contained.

  The medium of the present invention optionally includes a second dielectrically positive component, component (C). This component has a dielectric anisotropy greater than 3. Preferably, this component comprises a dielectrically positive compound, preferably consisting mostly of a compound that is dielectrically positive, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all. Preferably this component comprises one or more of the dielectrically positive compounds of formula V, preferably most, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all of the dielectrically positive of formula V. It consists of the compound.

Here, R ⁵ has the same meaning as defined for R ² in Formula II.

Are independent of each other and

When two exist, these are also independent of each other,

And preferably

At least one of

It is.

Z ⁵¹ and Z ⁵² are independently of each other, and when two Z ⁵¹ are present, they are also independently of each other —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —COO—, trans——CH═CH—, trans— CF═CF—, —CH ₂ O—, —CF ₂ O— or a single bond, preferably at least one of which is a single bond, and most preferably, at least two of these, when present, are single bonds. It is a bond.

X ⁵ is preferably CN, NCS, SF ₅ or SO ₂ CF ₃ , more preferably CN or NCS, and most preferably CN.

  k is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1.

  The liquid crystal medium of the present invention preferably contains a further component in addition to the component (A). This second component may preferably be any one of component (B), component (C) and component (D), preferably the second component present is component (B) or (C Particularly preferred is component (B).

  Obviously, the mixtures according to the invention can preferably contain three of these components, preferably components (A), (B) and (C), optionally all four of them. It is preferable.

  Preferably, the liquid crystal mixture of the present invention contains a dielectrically neutral component, component (B). This component has a dielectric anisotropy in the range of -1.5 to +3. Preferably, this component comprises a dielectrically neutral compound, preferably consisting mostly of a compound that is dielectrically neutral, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all. Preferably, this component comprises one or more of the dielectrically neutral compounds of formula IV, preferably most, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all of the dielectrics of formula IV. It consists of a neutral compound.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal mixture of the present invention contains one or more compounds of formula V selected from the group of compounds of formulas V-1 to V-10.

Where R ⁵ and X ⁵ have the meaning defined in Formula V above,
L ⁵¹ to L ⁵⁶ are independently of each other H or F, preferably at least one of these (preferably L ⁵¹ ), more preferably at least two of these (preferably selected from L ⁵¹ , L ⁵² and L ⁵³⁾ 2) is F.

R ⁵ is preferably alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl, preferably alkyl.

X ⁵ is preferably CN.

  Furthermore, in one preferred embodiment, it may be the same as or different from the previous one, but the liquid crystal mixture of the present invention comprises component (B), which component is preferably mostly, more preferably all Consists of compounds of formula IV selected from formulas IV-1 to IV-7, optionally further selected from formulas IV-8 to IV-11 as described above.

Here, R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² are independently of each other alkyl having 1 to 7 carbons, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl having 2 to 7 carbons, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl. It is.

L ⁴ is H or F.

  Furthermore, the liquid crystal mixture of the present invention may further contain an optional component and component (D). This component has a negative dielectric anisotropy and preferably comprises a dielectrically negative compound (preferably a compound of formula VI), preferably most, more preferably substantially, particularly preferably all. It consists of a dielectrically negative compound (preferably a compound of formula VI).

Here, R ⁶¹ and R ⁶² have the same meaning as defined for R ² in Formula II, independently of each other.

Is

,Preferably,

It is.

Is

It is.

Z ⁶¹ and ^{Z 62} are, independently of one _{another, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -} COO-, trans - CH = CH-, trans - CF = CF -, - CH 2 O -, - CF 2 O- Or a single bond, preferably one of them is a single bond, most preferably both are single bonds.

L ⁶¹ and L ^62, independently of one another, are C—F or N, preferably at least one of them is C—F, most preferably both are C—F.

  p is 0 or 1;

  The liquid crystal medium of the present invention preferably comprises components (A) to (D) (especially compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas I to VI), preferably most, most preferably all of components (A). To (D) (especially a compound selected from the group of compounds of formulas I to VI).

  “Including” in this application means that in the context of the composition, for example, the mentioned item, such as a medium or component, contains each specific component (s) or each compound (s). This means that the total concentration is preferably 10% or more, and most preferably 20% or more.

  In the context, “consists mostly of” means that the item referred to is a particular component or components or compound (s) 55% or more, preferably 60% or more, most preferably It means to contain 70% or more.

  In the context, “consisting essentially of” means that the item being referred to is a particular component (s) or compound (s) of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, most preferably Means containing 95% or more.

  In the context, “all consists of ...” means that the item being referred to is a particular component (s) or compound (s) 98% or more, preferably 99% or more, most preferably 100 % Is contained.

  Particularly preferred liquid crystal media comprise compounds in which component (A) is selected from the group of compounds of formulas I to III, more preferably most, most preferably all of them.

  Component (D) preferably comprises one or more of the compounds of formula VI, preferably most, most preferably all of them, the compounds of formula VI are preferably of formula VI-1 Selected from the group of compounds of VI-3.

Here, R ⁶¹ and R ⁶² have the same meaning as defined in Formula VI above.

In formulas VI-1 to VI-3, R ⁶¹ is n-alkyl or 1-E alkenyl, and R ⁶² is preferably n-alkyl or alkoxy.

  Further, in the medium of the present invention, other mesogenic compounds can be advantageously used as optional components although not explicitly stated above. Such compounds are known to those skilled in the art.

  Component (A) is preferably used at a concentration of 30% to 90% of the total mixture, more preferably 40% to 80%, more preferably 50% to 75%, most preferably 65% to 73%. Used in.

  Component (B) is preferably used at a concentration of 0% to 45% of the total mixture, more preferably in the range of 10% to 40%, more preferably 15% to 35%, most preferably 20% to 30%. Used in.

  Component (C) is preferably used at a concentration of 0% to 50% of the total mixture, more preferably 0% to 40%, even more preferably 0% to 30%, most preferably in the range of 1% to 25%. Used in.

  Component (D) is preferably used at a concentration of 0% to 30% of the total mixture, more preferably 0% to 20%, most preferably 2% to 10%.

  As an additional optional component, a liquid crystal compound can further be included in order to adjust the physical properties of the medium of the present invention. Such compounds are known to those skilled in the art. Their concentration in the medium of the present invention is preferably 0% to 30%, more preferably 0% to 20%, most preferably 1% to 15%.

  Preferably, the liquid crystal medium has a total of 50% to 100% of components (A), (B), (C) and (D) (preferably components (A), (B) and (C)), preferably Contains from 70 to 100%, most preferably from 80% to 100%, in particular from 90% to 100%. Each component preferably comprises one or more of the compounds of formulas I, II, III, IV, V and VI, preferably mostly, most preferably all consisting of them.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
In the medium of the invention, the concentration of the compound of formula I is preferably 1% to 40%, more preferably 2% to 30%, even more preferably 3% to 20%, most preferably 5% to 15 %;
In the medium of the invention, the concentration of the compound of formula II is preferably 20% to 90%, more preferably 30% to 80%, even more preferably 40% to 70%, most preferably 50% to 65 %;
-In the medium of the invention, the concentration of the compound of formula III is preferably 0% to 50%, more preferably 0% to 40%, even more preferably 0% to 30%, most preferably 10% to 25%. %;
In the medium of the invention, the concentration of the compound of formula IV is preferably 0% to 50%, more preferably 10% to 40%, even more preferably 20% to 30%, most preferably 25% to 35 %.

  The liquid crystal medium of the present invention is characterized by a clearing point of 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 75 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, especially 90 ° C. or higher.

  Δn of the liquid crystal medium of the present invention is preferably 0.16 or less, more preferably 0.080 to 0.15, most preferably 0.090 to 0.140, and particularly 0.095 to 0. .155 range.

  In the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, Δn of the liquid crystal medium is preferably 0.12 or less, more preferably in the range of 0.080 to 0.115, most preferably in the range of 0.090 to 0.110. In particular, it is in the range of 0.095 to 0.105.

  In the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Δn of the liquid crystal medium is preferably 0.12 or more, more preferably in the range of 0.120 to 0.150, most preferably in the range of 0.125 to 0.145. In particular, it is in the range of 0.130 to 0.135.

  The liquid crystal medium according to the first of the two preferred embodiments described above for Δn is a TN display operating at Gooch Tally's primary transmission minimum (operating in transmission mode and having a relatively wide cell gap) Especially suitable for. The liquid crystal medium according to the second form of these embodiments can instead be used in a TN display operating at Gooch Tally's secondary transmission minimum, or preferably as in the first form. It can also be used in a TN display operating at the primary transmission minimum. They each require a narrower cell gap, but give faster response times. This type of display is beneficially used in applications such as camera viewfinders.

  Δε at 1 kHz and 20 ° C. of the liquid crystal medium of the present invention is preferably 4.0 or more, more preferably 6.0 or more, most preferably 10.0 or more, and particularly 6.0 to 20.0.

  In a preferred embodiment, it may be the same as the first preferred form for Δn of the liquid crystal medium described above (preferably the same), but the Δε at 1 kHz, 20 ° C. of the liquid crystal medium is preferably 4 0.0 or more, more preferably 5.0 or more, most preferably 6.0 or more, particularly 6.0 to 10.0. These media are particularly suitable for displays with so-called 5V drivers.

In a different preferred embodiment, it may be the same as the second preferred form for Δn of the liquid crystal medium described above (preferably the same), but the Δε at 1 kHz, 20 ° C. of the liquid crystal medium is preferably 10.0 or more, more preferably 15.0 or more, most preferably 16.0 or more, particularly 17.0 to 19.0. V ₁₀ at 20 ° C. of the liquid crystal medium of this embodiment is preferably 1.3 V or less, more preferably 1.2 V, and particularly preferably 1.05 V or less. The medium according to this embodiment is particularly suitable for displays with so-called 3.3V drivers.

Γ ₁ at 20 ° C. of the liquid crystal medium of the present invention is preferably 115 mPa · s or less, more preferably 105 mPa · s or less, particularly 95 mPa · s or less. This applies in particular to the medium according to the first preferred form for Δn of the liquid crystal medium described above.

  The nematic phase of the medium according to the invention is at least 0 ° C. to 70 ° C., preferably at least −20 ° C. to 75 ° C., most preferably at least −30 ° C. to 80 ° C., in particular at least −40 ° C. to 85 ° C. ( (Or even up to 90 ° C.). Here, “the nematic phase extends at least from the low temperature limit to the high temperature limit” means that the nematic phase extends to the temperature at the low temperature limit and beyond, and also extends to the high temperature limit or beyond. means.

  In the present invention, in the present invention, the term “dielectrically positive” means that the compound or component is Δε> 3.0, and the term “dielectrically neutral” means −1.5 ≦ Δε. The terms “≦ 3.0” and “dielectrically negative” mean Δε <−1.5, respectively. Δε is determined at 1 kHz and 20 ° C. The dielectric anisotropy of a compound is determined from the result of a 10% solution of the individual compound in a nematic host mixture. When the solubility of each compound in the host mixture is less than 10%, the concentration is reduced to 5% and measured. The volume of the test mixture is determined in both cells with homeotropic and cells with homogeneous orientation. The cell gap for both types of cells is approximately 20 μm. The applied voltage is a square wave with a frequency of 1 kHz and a root mean square value typically between 0.5 V and 1.0 V, however, always below the capacity threshold of the respective test mixture. Selected.

  For dielectrically positive compounds, mixture ZLI-4792 is used as the host mixture, and for dielectrically neutral and dielectrically negative compounds, mixture ZLI-3086 (both Merk KGaA, Germany) is used as the host mixture. The The dielectric constant of the compound is determined from the change in the value of each host compound due to the addition of the compound of interest. Extrapolate that value to 100% concentration of the compound of interest. Ingredients having a nematic phase at a measurement temperature of 20 ° C. are measured as such and are treated in the same way as for compounds in all other respects.

In this application, the term “threshold voltage”, unless expressly stated otherwise, means the optical threshold and is given for 10% relative contrast (V ₁₀ ). Also, the term “saturation voltage” means optical saturation and is given for 90% relative contrast (V ₉₀ ). The capacitive threshold voltage (referred to as V ₀ or Fredericks threshold V _Fr ) is used only when specifically stated.

  The parameter ranges given in this application all include limit values unless explicitly stated otherwise, but preferably exclude limit values.

Throughout this application, unless otherwise stated, all concentrations are given in weight percent and are associated with each complete mixture. All temperatures are given in degrees Celsius, and all temperature differences are given in degrees Celsius. All physical properties are “Merk Liquid Crystals, Physical
Properties of Liquid Crystals “Status Nov. 1997, Merk KGaA, Germany, or determined and unless otherwise stated, given for a temperature of 20 ° C. About optical anisotropy (Δn) Is determined at a wavelength of 589.3 nm, dielectric anisotropy (Δε) is determined at a frequency of 1 kHz, threshold voltage, as well as other electro-optical properties, can be found in Merk KGaA, Germany. The test cell for the determination of Δε had a cell gap of about 20 μm The electrode was a circular ITO electrode with an area of 1.13 cm ² and a guard ring. The orientation layers were lecithin for homeotropic orientation (ε‖) and polyimide AL-1054 from Nippon Synthetic Rubber for uniform orientation (ε‖) with a capacity of 0.3 V _rms . Have voltage The frequency response analyzer using a sine wave was determined by the Solatron, the light used in the electro-optical measurement was white light, the configuration used was a commercially available device in Otsuka, Japan Characteristic voltages were determined under vertical observation: threshold (V ₁₀ ) -Mid gray (V ₅₀ )-and saturation (V ₉₀ ) voltages were 10% and 50%, respectively. And 90% relative contrast.

  The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention can further comprise additives and chiral dopants in conventional concentrations. The total concentration of these further constituents is in the range from 0% to 10%, preferably from 0.1% to 6%, based on the sum of the mixture. The concentration of each individual compound used is preferably in the range of 0.1% to 3%. The concentrations of these and similar additives are not considered in the concentration values and ranges of the liquid crystal components and compounds of the liquid crystal media of the present application.

  The liquid crystal medium of the invention according to the present application consists of several compounds, preferably 3-30, more preferably 8-20, and most preferably 10-16. These compounds are mixed in a conventional manner. As a rule, a given amount of the compound used in a smaller amount is dissolved in the compound used as a larger amount. It is particularly easy to observe the completion of the dissolution process if the temperature exceeds the clearing point of the compound used at the higher concentration. However, by other conventional methods, such as the use of so-called premixes, which can be, for example, homologous compounds or eutectic mixtures, or so-called multi-bottle systems where the component is the ready-to-use mixture itself. A medium can also be prepared.

  With the addition of suitable additives, the liquid crystal media according to the invention can be used for all known types of liquid crystal displays, for example liquid crystal media such as TN-, TN-AMD, IPS and OCB LCD, PDLC, NCAP, It can be modified to be usable in complex systems such as PN LCD, and in particular ASM-PA LCD.

  The melting point T (C, N) of the liquid crystal, the transition T (S, N) from the smectic phase (S) to the nematic (N) phase, and the clearing point T (N, I) are given in degrees Celsius.

In this application, and in particular in the examples shown below, the structure of the liquid crystal compound is indicated by an acronym and its conversion to the chemical formula is performed according to Tables A and B below. The groups C _n H _{2n + 1} and C _m H _{2m + 1} are all linear alkyl groups each having n or m carbon atoms. The codes in Table B are self-explanatory. In Table A, only the initial letters relating to the parent structure are shown. In each case, the initial of this parent structure is followed by a code that is separated by a hyphen and identifies the substituents R ¹ , R ² , L ¹ and L ² .

Table A:

Table B:

The liquid crystal medium of the present invention is preferably
-7 or 8 or more, preferably 8 or 9 or more compounds, preferably selected from the group of compounds represented by the formulas of Tables A and B, and / or- 3 or 4 or more, more preferably 4 or 5 or more compounds, preferably selected from the group of compounds represented by the formula of Table A, and / or -1 or Two or more, more preferably two or three or more, more preferably three or four or more compounds, preferably selected from the group of compounds represented by the formula of Table B,
including.

  The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.

  However, the configuration of physical properties explains to those skilled in the art what properties can be achieved and to what extent they can be changed. In particular, the various combinations of properties that can be preferably achieved are thus clarified for the person skilled in the art.

Example 1
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

  This mixture preferably has a low Δn value, a reasonably high Δε value and a very low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Example 2
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

  This mixture preferably has a low Δn value, a reasonably high Δε value and a low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Example 3
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

  This mixture has a reasonably high Δn value, a fairly high Δε value and a low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Example 4
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

  This mixture has a reasonably high Δn value, a very high Δε value and a low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Example 5 (reference example)
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

  This mixture has a reasonably high Δn value, a moderate Δε value and a very low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Example 6 (reference example)
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

  This mixture preferably has a low Δn value, a fairly high Δε value and a very low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Example 7 (reference example)
Liquid crystal media having the compositions and properties given in the following table were prepared.

This mixture preferably has a low Δn value, a fairly high Δε value and a very low rotational viscosity. It is therefore very well suited for active matrix driven displays operating in TN mode.

Claims (19)

A liquid crystal medium comprising the following components (A) to (D) (excluding the compound of the formula (2)).
Component (A): One or more of the dielectrically positive compounds of formula I-1, one or more of the compounds of formula II-3, and optionally, of formula II and formula III Dielectrically positive component, component (A) containing one or more dielectrically positive compounds selected from the group (excluding compounds of formula II-3)

(Where
R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently of each other alkyl having 1 to 7 carbons, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl having 2 to 7 carbons, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl. And

Are independent of each other and

But when there are two of these,

And
Z ²¹ , Z ²² , and Z ³ are independent of each other, and when two of Z ²¹ and / or Z ³ are present, they are also independently of each other —CH ₂ CH ₂ —, —COO—, trans— -CH = CH-, trans - CF = CF -, - CH 2 O -, - a _CF 2 O-or a single bond,
n and m are independently of each other 0, 1 or 2;
X ² and X ³ are independently of each other halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 carbon atoms,
Y ²¹ and Y ²² are independently of each other H or F, and Y ³¹ and Y ³² are independently of each other, H or F, provided that

, Y ³¹ and Y ³² are both either H or F. )
Component (B): Dielectrically neutral component, component (B) containing one or more compounds of the following formula IV-1 and one or more compounds of the following IV-4

(In the formula, R ⁴¹ is alkenyl having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and R ⁴² is alkyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.)
Component (C): As an optional component, a dielectrically positive component, component (C)
Component (D): Dielectrically negative component as optional component, Component (D)

(Where
R ¹⁰¹ is alkyl or alkenyl,
A ¹⁰¹ is 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene;
Z ¹⁰¹ is a single bond or —COO—,
X ¹⁰¹ and X ¹⁰² are independently hydrogen or fluorine. )   The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising the components (A), (B) and / or (D).   The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising components (A) and (B). The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of the formula II-7.

(Wherein R ² and X ² have the meaning given for formula II in claim 1). 5. A liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the formula II-8.

(Wherein R ² and X ² have the meaning given for formula II in claim 1). The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of the formula II-10.

(Wherein R ² and X ² have the meaning given for formula II in claim 1). Formula II where n is 1

Z ²¹ and Z ²² are both single bonds. The liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more kinds of compounds of (1). The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of the formula III-2.

(Wherein R ³ and X ³ have the meaning given for formula III in claim 1). 9. Liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the formula III-17.

(Wherein R ³ and X ³ have the meaning given for formula III in claim 1). X ² is a liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it contains F or compounds of formula II-3 is OCF _3. X ² is a liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by containing a compound of formula II-3 is F.   12. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more of the compounds of the formula II (excluding the compounds of the formula II-3).   The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more of the compounds of the formula III. Component (A), the liquid crystal according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of formula I-1 R ¹ is an n- alkyl or alkenyl Medium. A dielectrically neutral component that additionally contains one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the following formulas IV-6 and IV-7, component (B): Item 15. The liquid crystal medium according to any one of items 1 to 14.

(Wherein R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² have the meaning defined by R ¹ of formula I-1 of claim 1 independently of each other). In Formula IV-6 and ^IV-7, the liquid crystal medium according to claim 15, wherein both ^{R 41} and ^{R 42} is alkyl.   A liquid crystal display comprising the liquid crystal medium according to claim 1.   The liquid crystal display according to claim 17, which is driven in an active matrix.   Use of the liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 16 in a liquid crystal display.