JP5541486B2 - Rock crack estimation device and rock crack estimation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rock mass crack estimation apparatus and a rock mass crack estimation method.

  When constructing a rock cavity structure such as a tunnel or underground power plant, it is extremely important to grasp the state of cracks distributed in the rock beforehand in order to evaluate the stability of the cavity and the occurrence of spring water during excavation. . When investigating the direction and frequency of cracks in advance, it is common to install a borehole or survey tunnel, etc., and estimate typical directionality from cracks that have appeared on the wall of the tunnel. . However, cracks are distributed in various directions in the three-dimensional space, and the survey results (herein referred to as linear survey records) sampled linearly by boring, tunnels, etc. indicate the direction in which the survey is performed (the survey line). Direction) and the frequency of occurrence of cracks that intersect at a shallow angle is reduced. In order to correct such bias, a crack frequency distribution estimation method (Terzaghi Weighting) in which the appearance frequency is weighted based on the angle between the survey line and the crack has been proposed.

  On the other hand, cracks in the rock mass can show a certain direction depending on the direction of crustal stress received in the past. Therefore, if the frequency of crack directionality is investigated, crack groups concentrated in several directions can be identified. Conventionally known methods for identifying a group of cracks include a method of mechanically classifying a threshold value at an observed crack frequency and a method using a statistical method. However, in these methods, there are few examples that take into account the bias of the frequency distribution derived from the above-described linear survey.

  In addition, cracks often develop in places where rock fractures have progressed, such as around faults, and are not always evenly distributed in the target area. Therefore, even if the dominant direction of a crack can be found from a certain linear survey, is it distributed uniformly within the survey line, whether it is concentrated only in one location, or repeatedly appears? This is important when assuming the spatial distribution and frequency of the entire crack. However, it seems that such examination is conducted for each individual survey result, and the method is not clear.

  In addition, as a prior art, prediction of crack distribution ahead of the face that can easily and reliably obtain geological conditions such as crack distribution without interrupting tunnel excavation work by effectively utilizing simple face information such as face sketch. A method is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This includes a face information extraction procedure for appropriately extracting crack information on the face surface including past face surfaces that have already been excavated, and a two-dimensional crack based on the crack information for each face surface extracted by the face information extraction procedure. Based on the crack tensor calculation procedure for calculating the tensor and the two-dimensional crack tensor obtained for each face, a semivariogram showing the crack density distribution according to the separation distance from the predetermined base point in the tunnel is calculated. A variogram determination procedure for determining a variogram function approximating a variogram, and a face corresponding to a known two-dimensional crack tensor by substituting a known two-dimensional crack tensor and a weight value obtained by the maximum likelihood method into the variogram function The crack density estimation procedure for calculating and estimating the crack density for unknown rocks separated by a desired distance from the surface It is intended to.

JP 2001-032679 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and when constructing a rock cavity structure, the state of cracks distributed in the rock mass is grasped in advance from a survey record by a borehole or a survey tunnel, and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rock mass crack estimation apparatus and a rock mass crack estimation method that can estimate the distribution situation of the rock mass cracks distributed in consideration of the localization of cracks.

  The present invention provides a data input means for inputting property data of a crack in a rock based on a linear survey, a data selection means for selecting a target crack from the input property data, and the selected Crack frequency correction means for performing correction calculation of the appearance frequency of cracks with weight as the reciprocal of the true crack interval based on the angle formed by the direction of the survey line of the linear survey and the strike inclination of the crack surface for the property data; The direction of the crack surface is represented by the direction of the normal vector with respect to that surface, the poles of the surface represented by the polar coordinate system are converted into a planar coordinate system, and are projected in plane, and the distance between the poles on the projection surface is Analyzing means to determine the dominant direction with the highest frequency in each group from the frequency distribution of the grouped data, using the proximity as an index and plotting the grouped crack surface along the survey line The spatial appearance of cracks belonging to each group If the cracks are distributed evenly on the survey line based on the plotting means for illustrating the situation and the distribution of the cracks, the average crack interval obtained by dividing the number of cracks by the appearance range distance is obtained by calculation. In the case where it appears in a solid state, it is characterized by comprising a crack interval calculation means for calculating an average crack interval within a crack group and an average interval between groups.

  The present invention is a rock mass crack estimation method in a rock mass crack estimation apparatus comprising data input means, data selection means, crack frequency correction means, analysis means, graphic means, and crack interval calculation means, A data input step in which the data input means inputs property data of a crack in the rock based on a linear survey, and a data selection step in which the data selection means selects a target crack from the input property data. And the crack frequency correcting means weights the reciprocal of the true crack interval on the selected property data based on the angle formed by the direction of the survey line of the linear survey and the strike inclination of the crack surface. A crack frequency correction step for performing a correction calculation of the appearance frequency of cracks, and the analysis means represents the direction of the crack surface by the direction of a normal vector relative to the surface, and is represented by a polar coordinate system. The poles are converted into a plane coordinate system and projected in plane, and cracks are grouped using the proximity of the distance between the poles on the projection surface as an index, and from the frequency distribution of the grouped data, An analysis step for obtaining a dominant direction having a high frequency, and an illustration step in which the plotting means plots the grouped crack planes along a survey line to illustrate a spatial appearance of cracks belonging to each group; The crack interval calculation means calculates and obtains an average crack interval obtained by dividing the number of cracks by the appearance range distance when cracks are evenly distributed on the survey line based on the distribution state of the cracks. In the case of appearing, it has a crack interval calculating step for calculating an average crack interval in the crack group and an average interval between the groups.

  According to the present invention, when constructing a rock cavity structure, it is possible to grasp in advance the state of cracks distributed in the rock from survey records such as drilling and survey tunnels, and to determine the distribution of rock cracks distributed three-dimensionally. The effect that it can estimate in consideration of the localization of a crack is acquired.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the rock mass crack estimation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principle of the crack frequency correction at the time of performing the correction calculation of the appearance frequency of a crack. It is explanatory drawing which shows the definition of the strike direction and inclination of a crack surface, and the concept of a stereo plot. It is a figure which shows the example according to group by the distance between the poles of the surface on a stereo figure. It is a figure which shows the example of a plot of a crack group, and a crack county / between-group space | interval. It is a figure which shows the concept of a crack group.

  Hereinafter, a rock crack estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment. In this figure, reference numeral 1 is a rock crack estimation device that is composed of a personal computer and estimates the distribution state (direction / frequency) of rock cracks distributed three-dimensionally from linear survey records such as drilling and survey tunnels. is there. Reference numeral 2 denotes an input unit composed of a keyboard, a mouse, and the like. Reference numeral 3 denotes a display unit composed of a liquid crystal display capable of color display. Reference numeral 11 denotes a data input unit for inputting a linear survey record by boring or a survey tunnel. Reference numeral 12 denotes an input data storage unit for storing input data input in the data input unit 11. Reference numeral 13 denotes a crack frequency correction unit that corrects crack frequency for the input data stored in the input data storage unit 12 using known Terzaghi Weighting. Reference numeral 14 denotes an analysis unit that estimates the distribution state of a rock crack distributed three-dimensionally in consideration of the localization of the crack based on the input data in which the crack frequency is corrected. Reference numeral 15 denotes an analysis data storage unit that stores analysis result data obtained by the analysis unit 14.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the processing operation | movement which the rock mass crack estimation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 estimates the distribution condition of a rock mass crack is demonstrated. First, the operator operates the input unit 2 to input data. The data input unit 11 inputs the property data of cracks appearing on the borehole wall and the wall surface of the survey tunnel (crack face strike / inclination, crack opening width, crack length, type of crack filler). If these data are stored in the recording medium, data input is performed via the recording medium reader (step S1). The data input here is based on the borehole scanner image obtained by photographing the borehole wall, the position of the borehole and survey tunnel (coordinates of the borehole and the base point of the borehole), direction, length, etc. These are data such as the direction and inclination of the crack surface to be obtained, opening width, length, type of filler, and position data of each crack (depth from the boring mouth and distance from the tunnel base point). The data input unit 11 stores the input data in the input data storage unit 12.

  Next, the operator operates the input unit 2 to select a target crack from the input data (step S2). The cracks that appear in the borehole wall and the survey tunnel wall include cracks of various scales, from very fine ones (hair cracks) to faults with a width of several meters or more. In general, fine hair cracks identified in the borehole scanner image are difficult to identify on the wall surface of the tunnel. Therefore, in the data in which both are mixed, screening is performed such that the crack is sufficiently visible (for example, an opening width of 1 mm or more), and the deviation in the number of data is eliminated. The data input unit 11 displays the data stored in the input data storage unit 12 on the display unit 3, selects crack data according to the operation of the input unit 2, and is stored in the input data storage unit 12. Update data.

  Next, the operator performs an instruction operation for correcting the crack frequency based on the angle formed by the survey line and the crack from the input unit 2. In response to this operation, the crack frequency correction unit 13 reads the data stored in the input data storage unit 12 and, based on the angle formed by the direction of the survey line and the strike inclination of the crack surface, as shown in FIG. By applying Weighting, a correction calculation of the frequency of occurrence of cracks is performed with the inverse of the true crack interval as a weight (step S3). Since a known calculation method is used for the correction calculation of the crack appearance frequency using the inverse of the true crack interval to which the Terzaghi Weighting is applied as a weight, a detailed description of the calculation method is omitted. The crack frequency correction unit 13 stores data of the result of correcting the crack frequency in the input data storage unit 12.

  Next, when the correction of the crack frequency is completed, the operator performs an instruction operation for identifying a crack group by a statistical method based on the correction result from the input unit 2. In response to this operation, the analysis unit 14, as shown in FIG. 4, represents the direction of the crack plane by the direction of the normal vector with respect to the plane (this is called the pole of the plane), and is represented by a polar coordinate system. Surface poles are converted into a plane coordinate system and projected in plane, and cracks are grouped by cluster analysis using the proximity of distances between the poles on the projection plane as an index (step S4). And the analysis part 14 calculates | requires the dominant direction with the highest frequency in each group from the frequency distribution of the classified data (refer FIG. 5). Since the cluster analysis and the frequency distribution chart creation process use known processes, a detailed description of the processing operation is omitted here. The analysis unit 14 stores the analysis result data obtained here in the analysis data storage unit 15 and displays the frequency distribution diagram shown in FIG. 5 on the display unit 3.

Next, the operator performs an instruction operation for illustrating the distribution state of the crack group on the survey line from the input unit 2. In response to this operation, the analysis unit 14 plots the grouped crack surfaces along the survey line, and illustrates the spatial appearance of cracks belonging to each group (step S5). Since cracks are thought to be localized in various directions due to faults, etc., plot the crack surfaces grouped along the survey line and illustrate the spatial appearance of cracks belonging to each group Is useful. The analysis unit 14 displays the spatial appearance of cracks belonging to each group on the illustrated display unit 3. As shown in FIG. 6, run toward the slope of Crack surface vertical width, by going plotting crack was another group takes a crack located in lateral width, crack belonging to each group or to evenly distributed in the survey line, there It becomes possible to identify whether it is hardened and distributed in places or repeatedly appears. Since the plot diagram shown in FIG. 6 uses known software, detailed description of the processing operation for creating the diagram is omitted.

  Next, the operator grasps the variation of the crack distribution from the illustrated result from the input unit 2, calculates the frequency within the crack group and the average interval between the groups, and performs an instruction operation illustrated. In response to this operation, the analysis unit 14 determines that the average crack interval (number of cracks within a unit distance) is obtained by dividing the number of cracks by the appearance range distance when cracks are evenly distributed on the survey line based on the distribution of cracks. ) Is calculated, and if a crack appears solid for each group, the average crack interval within the crack group and the average interval between the groups are similarly calculated and determined (step S6). The analysis unit 14 displays this average interval information and displays it on the display unit 3 (see FIG. 6). FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the concept of the intra-group crack interval and the inter-group crack interval.

  As described above, the three-dimensional distribution of cracks is estimated by outputting the crack group dominant direction and the average crack interval within each group and between groups by the processing operations of steps S1 to S6 shown in FIG. Can do.

  The above-mentioned average crack interval is an average interval of “apparent” appearing on the survey line. For the true crack interval, it is necessary to obtain the normal length from the crack surface, but actually the crack surface is not distributed in a parallel plate shape. Therefore, the average interval in which the direction of all cracks in the group is represented by the superior direction obtained in step S4 and the statistical variation from the superior direction (for example, the average value of the angle formed by the crack surface with the survey line ± standard 3D distribution of cracks can be estimated with higher reliability by obtaining an error width of an average interval considering a deviation range, a maximum value range, and a minimum value range.

  As described above, when estimating the three-dimensional crack distribution based on the results of linear surveys such as drilling and survey tunnels, correction and quantification of the deviation in crack frequency derived from the angle between the survey line and the cracks By performing the following procedures: categorization of crack groups by the statistical method, consideration of bias in the distribution of crack groups in the entire survey line, and estimation of crack distribution status, estimation with less bias from the linear survey becomes possible. In addition, since crack localization is taken into consideration, it is possible to estimate crack distribution and frequency more faithful to the geological structure than those obtained by averaging the entire survey results.

  A program for realizing the functions of the data input unit 11, the crack frequency correction unit 13 and the analysis unit 14 shown in FIG. 1 is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is recorded on the computer. The rock crack estimation process may be performed by loading the system and executing it. Here, the “computer system” includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices. The “computer system” includes a WWW system having a homepage providing environment (or display environment). The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a flexible medium, a magneto-optical disk, a portable medium such as a ROM and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a volatile memory (RAM) in a computer system that becomes a server or a client when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In addition, those holding programs for a certain period of time are also included.

  The program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line. The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement | achieve the function mentioned above in combination with the program already recorded on the computer system, what is called a difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.

  It can be applied to applications where it is indispensable to estimate the three-dimensional crack distribution based on the results of linear surveys such as drilling and survey tunnels.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rock bed crack estimation apparatus, 11 ... Data input part, 12 ... Input data storage part, 13 ... Crack frequency correction part, 14 ... Analysis part, 15 ... Analysis data storage part 2 ... Input unit, 3 ... Display unit

Claims (2)

A data input means for inputting property data of a crack in the rock based on a linear survey;
Data selecting means for selecting a target crack from the inputted property data;
A correction calculation of the frequency of occurrence of cracks is performed with respect to the selected property data based on the angle formed by the direction of the survey line of the linear survey and the strike inclination of the crack surface, with the reciprocal of the true crack interval as a weight. Crack frequency correction means;
The direction of the crack plane is represented by the direction of the normal vector with respect to the plane, the poles of the plane represented by the polar coordinate system are converted into a plane coordinate system, and projected in plane, and the distance between the poles on the projection plane is close Analyzing means to determine the dominant direction with the highest frequency in each group from the frequency distribution of the grouped data, grouping cracks using gender as an index,
An plotting means for plotting along the survey line the angle representing the dominant direction of the strike slope in each grouped crack plane, and illustrating the spatial appearance of cracks belonging to each group;
From the distribution of the cracks, if the cracks are evenly distributed on the survey line, calculate the average crack interval by dividing the number of cracks by the appearance range distance, and if the cracks appear solid for each group, A rock mass crack estimation device comprising: an average crack interval within a crack group and a crack interval calculation means for calculating an average interval between groups. A rock crack estimation method in a rock crack estimation apparatus comprising data input means, data selection means, crack frequency correction means, analysis means, graphic means, and crack interval calculation means,
It said data input means inputs the property data of cracks in the rock based on linear investigation,
It said data selecting means, have row selection crack of interest from the property data the input,
The crack frequency correcting means, based on the angle formed by the direction of the line survey and the strike inclination of the crack surface for the selected property data, the crack frequency weighted by the reciprocal of the true crack interval. There line the correction calculation of the frequency of occurrence,
The analysis means represents the direction of the crack surface by the direction of a normal vector with respect to the surface, converts the pole of the surface represented by the polar coordinate system into a planar coordinate system, and performs planar projection, and the pole on the projection surface performed by a group of crack as an indicator proximity of the distance between, the frequency distribution of group-specific data, the most frequent large dominant direction within each group determined Me,
The illustrated means is an angle that represents the dominant direction of the run direction inclined at the crack surfaces each have separate said group is plotted along the survey line, illustrates the spatial appearance status crack belonging to each group,
The crack interval calculation means calculates and obtains an average crack interval obtained by dividing the number of cracks by the appearance range distance when cracks are evenly distributed on the survey line based on the distribution state of the cracks. when appearing Te is rock Release crack estimation method Ru determined by calculating the average spacing between average crack interval and the group in the crack group.

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