JP5525345B2 - Power supply device, lighting device including the power supply device, and lighting system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply device, a lighting device including the power supply device, and a lighting system.

  As a conventional power supply device, there is an electronic ballast for a fluorescent lamp described in Patent Document 1. This power supply device (electronic ballast) includes an AC / DC converter (for example, a step-up chopper circuit) connected to a commercial AC power source, and a DC that converts DC power output from the AC / DC converter into high-frequency AC power. / AC converter (inverter circuit), and supplies high-frequency AC power output from the DC / AC converter to a fluorescent lamp as a load. In the conventional example described in Patent Document 1, DC power supplied from a solar power generation device is converted into high-frequency AC power by a DC / AC converter of a power supply device via a DC / DC converter and supplied to a load (fluorescent lamp). Like to do. And by changing the number of power supply devices that receive DC power supply from the solar power generation device according to the power generation amount of the solar power generation device, it is possible to operate the DC / DC converter as a whole with high conversion efficiency. it can.

JP 2001-51733 A

  However, in the above conventional example, the number of operating loads (fluorescent lamps) increases / decreases depending on the situation on the power feeding side (the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device), so the output of the load (in the space illuminated by the fluorescent lamps) Brightness <illuminance>) will fluctuate greatly.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to improve power conversion efficiency while suppressing fluctuations in the output of a load.

  The power supply device of the present invention includes a first power conversion unit that is connected to an AC power source and converts AC power supplied from the AC power source and outputs the converted power to a first load, and a DC power source connected to the DC power source. A second power converter that converts DC power supplied from a power source and outputs the converted power to a second load, and a sum of the load output of the first load and the load output of the second load is a predetermined target. And a load output adjusting unit that adjusts the outputs of the first and second power conversion units so as to match the values.

  The power supply apparatus includes an output setting unit that sets a load output of the first or second load, and the load output adjustment unit is configured to load the first or second load set by the output setting unit. It is preferable to adjust the outputs of the first and second power converters according to the output.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that the output setting unit sets a ratio of a load output of the first or second load to a total sum of the load outputs.

  In this power supply apparatus, the output setting unit sets an upper limit value for the load output of the first or second load, and the load output adjustment unit is configured to output the load output of the first or second load. It is preferable to adjust the outputs of the first and second power conversion units so as to be equal to or less than the upper limit value.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that the output setting unit sets the load output of the first or second load to a minimum value when the target value is a predetermined value or less.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that the output setting unit sets the load output in accordance with a magnitude of a DC input to the second power conversion unit.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that the output setting unit provides the load output adjusting unit with load output setting information of the first or second load by data communication.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that the output setting unit shares a part of a communication line for data communication with an electric circuit of the DC power supply.

  The power supply apparatus includes a load output detection unit that detects load outputs of the first and second loads, and the load output adjustment unit matches the load output detected by the load output detection unit with the target value. It is preferable to adjust the outputs of the first and second power conversion units.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that a common mode filter is inserted between the DC power supply and the second power conversion unit.

  In this power supply apparatus, it is preferable that one electric circuit of the AC power supply is connected to an electric circuit on the negative electrode side of the DC power supply via an impedance element for blocking DC.

  The illuminating device of the present invention includes the first and second loads composed of an illumination load and the power supply device of the present invention.

  In this lighting device, it is preferable that a human detection sensor for detecting the presence or absence of a person in the lighting space is provided, and the target value is changed according to a detection result of the human detection sensor.

  The illumination system according to the present invention includes a plurality of illumination devices according to the present invention.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The power supply device of the present invention, the lighting device including the power supply device, and the lighting system have an effect of improving power conversion efficiency while suppressing output fluctuation of the load.

It is a block diagram which shows Embodiment 1 of the power supply device which concerns on this invention. It is a circuit block diagram same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. (a), (b) is sectional drawing which shows Embodiment 1 of the illuminating device based on this invention. It is a schematic block diagram same as the above. It is a block diagram which shows Embodiment 2 of the power supply device which concerns on this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is a block diagram which shows Embodiment 3 of the power supply device which concerns on this invention. (a)-(c) is sectional drawing and bottom view which show Embodiment 2 of the illuminating device based on this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is a block diagram which shows Embodiment 4 of the power supply device which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows Embodiment 5 of the power supply device which concerns on this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of the illumination system which concerns on this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of the illumination system which concerns on this invention. It is the circuit block diagram which abbreviate | omitted a part same as the above. It is a time chart for operation | movement description same as the above.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a load is an illumination load will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the load of the power supply device according to the present invention is not limited to the lighting load, and any load in which the load output changes according to the power supplied from the power supply device can be used.

(Embodiment 1)
The power supply device PS of the present embodiment supplies high-frequency AC power to the first lighting load LA1 made of a fluorescent lamp and supplies DC power to the second lighting load LA2 made of a light-emitting diode, As shown in FIG. 1, an AC / DC converter 1 that converts AC power supplied from an AC power system (commercial AC power supply) AC into DC power, and DC power output from the AC / DC converter 1 is high-frequency AC power. A first power converter 2 for converting (high-frequency power), a second power converter 3 for converting DC power supplied from a DC power system (DC power supply) DC into DC power having a desired voltage level; The load output adjusting unit 4 for adjusting the load outputs (lamp power) of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 and the output setting unit 5 are provided.

  FIG. 2 shows a specific circuit configuration of the power supply device PS of the present embodiment. The AC / DC converter 1 includes a full-wave rectifier 10, a smoothing capacitor 11, and a power factor correction circuit (step-up chopper circuit). The AC input from the AC power source AC is full-wave rectified by the full-wave rectifier 10 through the noise filter NF and smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 11. A step-up chopper circuit is connected to both ends of the smoothing capacitor 11. The step-up chopper circuit flows through the chopper choke 12, the diode 13, the smoothing capacitor 14, the switching element 15 connected in parallel to the diode 13 and the smoothing capacitor 14, the output voltage detection unit 16 for detecting the voltage across the smoothing capacitor 14, and the switching element 15. A detection resistor 17 for detecting a current, a drive control circuit 18 for controlling the switching element 15 based on a detection value of the output voltage detection unit 16 and a detection value (voltage drop) of the detection resistor 17 are provided. The drive control circuit 18 performs feedback control so that the DC output voltage becomes constant by adjusting the ON time of the switching element 15. Further, the chopper choke 12 is provided with a secondary winding 19, and an operating power source for the drive control circuit 18 is created by a voltage induced in the secondary winding 19. However, since the configuration and operation of such a boost chopper circuit are well known in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  The first power converter 2 includes a pair of switching elements 20 and 21 connected in series to the output end of the AC / DC converter 1, and a resonant circuit of an inductor 22 and a capacitor 23 connected in parallel to the low-side switching element 21. A so-called DC cut capacitor 24 inserted between the resonance circuit and the first illumination load (fluorescent lamp) LA1 and a drive circuit 25 for alternately switching the two switching elements 20 and 21. It consists of a half-bridge type inverter circuit. The drive circuit 25 controls the high-frequency power supplied to the fluorescent lamp LA1 by adjusting the switching frequency of the switching elements 20 and 21, thereby starting and dimming the fluorescent lamp LA1. However, the circuit operation of such a half-bridge type inverter circuit is well known in the art and will not be described in detail.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the second power conversion unit 3 is supplied with DC power from the DC power system DC via the common mode filter CF and the rectifying element D1. The second power conversion unit 3 includes a DC / DC converter (step-down chopper circuit), and a switching element 33 that turns on and off the current flowing through the chopper choke 30 via the chopper choke 30, the diode 31, the smoothing capacitor 32, and the smoothing capacitor 32. A current detection unit (detection resistor) 34 that detects a current flowing through the switching element 33 via the chopper choke 30; a drive control circuit 35 that controls the switching of the switching element 33 according to the detection result of the current detection unit 34, and the like. ing. The drive control circuit 35 performs control to make the output power constant by adjusting the ON time of the switching element 33. However, since the second power converter 3 is well known as a step-down chopper circuit, a detailed description of its operation is omitted.

  The load output adjustment unit 4 receives the output setting information transmitted from the controller 40, the output setting unit 5 and transmits the output setting information to the controller 40, and the control signal output from the controller 40 via the photocoupler 43. A transmission interface 42 for transmitting to the drive circuit 25 of the first power conversion unit 2 and a power supply circuit 44 for creating an operating power supply for the controller 40 from the input voltage of the second power conversion unit 3 are provided. The controller 40 is composed of a microcomputer, a memory, and the like, and performs various processes described later by executing dedicated software on the microcomputer.

  The output setting unit 5 outputs an output setting value Po that represents a target value of the total lamp power of the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2, and a second value for the target value of the total lamp power (output setting value Po). A ratio set value Rpd representing the ratio of the lamp power of the illumination load LA2 is set for the load output adjustment unit 4.

  The target value of the total lamp power of the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2 is the total light output of the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2, that is, the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2. The brightness (illuminance) of the illumination space illuminated by LA2 is set to a desired value. For example, when the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2 are used for office interior lighting, the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2 depend on the amount of external light (sunlight) incident from the window. The target value of the total sum of the light outputs is adjusted. Such adjustment of the target value may be performed, for example, in response to an operation input received by an operation switch provided in the output setting unit 5, or external light or indoor brightness is detected by an illuminance sensor. Sometimes it is done.

  On the other hand, the lamp power ratio (ratio setting value Rpd) of the second illumination load LA2 is set according to the amount of DC power supplied from the DC power system DC. For example, when the power generation device of the DC power system DC is a solar power generation device, the power generation amount fluctuates according to the amount of solar radiation, so when the solar radiation amount is large (when the power generation amount of the solar power generation device is large) On the contrary, when the amount of solar radiation is small (when the amount of power generated by the solar power generation device is small), the ratio set value Rpd is lowered. In this way, it is possible to preferentially consume the DC power generated by the solar power generation apparatus with the second lighting load LA2, and reduce the AC power supplied from the AC power system AC.

  The output setting unit 5 transmits output setting information including the output setting value Po and the ratio setting value Rpd to the load output adjustment unit 4. In the load output adjustment unit 4, the output setting information received by the communication interface 41 is passed to the controller 40 and stored in the memory of the controller 40. The controller 40 multiplies the output set value Po by the ratio set value Rpd to calculate the target value Pd (= Po × Rpd) of the lamp power of the second illumination load LA2, and from the output set value Po to the second The target value Pa (= Po−Pd = Po (1−Rpd)) of the lamp power of the first lighting load LA1 is calculated by subtracting the target value Pd of the lamp power of the lighting load LA2. Then, the target value Pa of the lamp power of the first lighting load LA1 is given to the drive circuit 25 of the first power conversion unit 2 through the control interface 42 and the photocoupler 43, and the lamp of the second lighting load LA2 is also provided. The power target value Pd is given to the drive control circuit 35 of the second power converter 3. In the first power conversion unit 2, the drive circuit 25 adjusts the switching frequency of the switching elements 20 and 21 so that the output power (high-frequency power) matches the target value Pa. In the second power converter 3, the drive control circuit 35 adjusts the ON time of the switching element 33 so that the output power (DC power) matches the target value Pd. However, the controller 40 constantly monitors the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC to the second power converter 3, and if the supply amount of DC power decreases, the ratio set value Rpd is lowered, and conversely If the amount of power supply increases, the ratio set value Rpd is increased.

  Thus, in the conventional example described in Patent Document 1, an AC / DC converter connected to a commercial AC power source, a DC / DC converter that converts DC power supplied from a solar power generation device, and AC / DC It is equipped with an inverter circuit that converts DC power output from a converter or DC / DC converter into high-frequency AC power, and power is supplied to the same load (fluorescent lamp) from commercial AC power and DC power (photovoltaic power generation equipment) Has been. On the other hand, in the power supply device PS of the present embodiment, power is supplied from the first power conversion unit 2 to the first lighting load LA1 as described above and the second lighting load is supplied from the second power conversion unit 3. The power is supplied to LA2, the first power conversion unit 2 and the second power conversion unit 3 are electrically completely independent, and the load outputs (light outputs) of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 are obtained. Synthesizing. Therefore, when the supply amount of the DC power system DC decreases, the output of the second power converter 3 is reduced to lower the load output (light output) of the second lighting load LA2 and the output of the first power converter 2 By increasing the load output (light output) of the first illumination load LA1, the load output fluctuation (light output fluctuation) can be suppressed. In addition, the power conversion efficiency can be improved as compared with the conventional example in which an AC power source and a DC power source are mixed and supplied to the same load. For example, in the conventional example described in Patent Document 1, an insulating circuit configuration is used as a DC / DC converter. In the present embodiment, the first power conversion unit 2 and the second power conversion unit 3 are electrically connected. Therefore, a non-insulated circuit configuration can be adopted, and as a result, the power conversion efficiency can be improved as compared with the insulated circuit configuration.

  Here, when the target values Pa and Pd of the outputs of the first power conversion unit 2 and the second power conversion unit 3 are changed, the larger the difference between the target values before and after the change, the greater the total load output (light output). There is a risk that the fluctuation becomes large and the flickering of brightness occurs. Therefore, the controller 40 of the load output adjustment unit 4 changes the target values Pa and Pd of the first power conversion unit 2 and the second power conversion unit 3 from the previous target values to the latest target values in stages. It is desirable to gradually increase or decrease the light output of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2. Note that it is preferable that the speed at which the target value is changed in a stepwise manner is adjusted to one of the two types of illumination loads LA1 and LA2 that has a slower response speed of light output with respect to input power. Further, since the fluorescent lamp as the first lighting load LA1 and the light emitting diode as the second lighting load LA2 have different aging characteristics, the controller 40 of the load output adjustment unit 4 uses the respective lighting loads LA1. Therefore, it is desirable to detect the cumulative lighting time and replacement time of LA2, and correct the target values Pa and Pd according to the degree of deterioration of the lighting loads LA1 and LA2, respectively.

  By the way, the power factor improvement circuit (step-up chopper circuit) of the AC / DC converter 1 decreases the power factor improvement effect as the output power (target value Pa) of the first power converter 2 decreases, and the switching element. The switching frequency of 15 becomes high and the switching loss increases. Therefore, the output setting unit 5 sets the load output (lamp power) of the first lighting load LA1 to the minimum value (for example, zero) when the target value Po is equal to or less than the predetermined value, and sets the first lighting load LA1. It is desirable to suppress a decrease in the improvement effect of the power factor correction circuit and an increase in switching loss by stopping the first power conversion unit 2 when the load output is small.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the target value Po of the total light output (lamp power) of the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2, and the light output (lamp power) of the second lighting load LA2 when taking a target value Pd on the vertical axis, if the target value Po of the first threshold value Po ₁ hereinafter and 1.0 ratio set value Rpd, the target value Po is the second threshold value Po ₂ (> Po ₁ ) If it is greater than or equal to, set the ratio set value Rpd to 0.5, and if the target value Po increases, the ratio set value Rpd is switched from 1.0 to 0.5 at the second threshold Po ₂ or more, and the target value Po decreases. it may be switched to 1.0 ratio set value Rpd from 0.5 in the first threshold value Po ₁ below when. Note that the first and second threshold values Po ₁ and Po ₂ may be appropriately set according to the power factor improvement characteristic of the power factor improvement circuit and the switching loss characteristic. Further, when the power factor improvement characteristic and the switching loss characteristic change according to the input voltage (AC power supply voltage), for example, when the input voltage is low, the first and second threshold values Po ₁ and Po ₂ are set. Conversely, when the input voltage is high, the first and second threshold values Po ₁ and Po ₂ may be increased.

  FIG. 4 shows a lighting device LS including the power supply device PS of the present embodiment and the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2. The lighting device LS is configured as a ceiling-mounted lighting fixture installed on the ceiling of an office. The power supply device PS is installed at the approximate center in the longitudinal direction on the upper surface of the band plate-shaped instrument body 100. Further, a plurality of light emitting diodes constituting the second illumination load LA2 are juxtaposed along the longitudinal direction on the lower surface of the fixture body 100. At both ends in the longitudinal direction of the appliance main body 100, lamp sockets 101, 101 to which a fluorescent lamp as the first illumination load LA1 is detachably attached are provided so as to protrude downward. Further, a pair of reflectors 102 and 102 are provided so as to protrude obliquely downward from both end portions along the longitudinal direction of the instrument body 100. The power supply device PS and the first illumination load LA1 are connected by a pair of electric wires 103 via the lamp sockets 101 and 101, and the power supply device PS and the second illumination load LA2 are connected by an electric wire (not shown). In the illumination device LS of the present embodiment, the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 are overlapped when viewed from the illumination space, and thus the difference in light emitted from these two types of illumination loads LA1 and LA2 is not noticeable. There is an advantage.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5, one input end of the AC / DC converter 1 and the input end on the negative side of the second power converter 3 are connected via a series circuit of two capacitors C1 and C2. At the same time, it is preferable to ground the input terminal on the negative electrode side of the second power converter 3. However, the input terminal on the negative electrode side of the second power conversion unit 3 may be connected to a metal case that houses each part of the power supply device PS, and the metal case may be grounded. In this way, the electric circuit on the negative electrode side of the DC power system DC is also used as the ground line of the AC power system AC, so that noise (power supply line) from the AC / DC converter 1 to the AC power system AC can be obtained without adding a ground line. Noise) can be prevented from flowing out.

(Embodiment 2)
The basic configuration of the power supply device PS of the present embodiment is the same as that of the power supply device PS of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof are omitted as appropriate.

  The direct-current power system DC in the present embodiment includes a solar cell array PV and a power conditioner PC. The power conditioner PC has a function of preventing the output voltage of the solar cell array PV from becoming an overvoltage or suppressing the output fluctuation of the solar cell array PV by using a large capacity capacitor. Then, DC power generated by the solar cell array PV is supplied to the second power conversion unit 3 of the power supply device PS via the power conditioner PC.

  The load output adjusting unit 4 also serves as the output setting unit 5, and the target value Pa of the first lighting load LA1 and the second value are set according to the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC to the second power converter 3. The target value Pd of the lighting load LA2 is determined, and the determined target values Pa and Pd are given to the first power conversion unit 2 and the second power conversion unit 3, respectively.

In the load output adjustment unit 4, as shown in FIG. 7, when the supply voltage (horizontal axis in FIG. 7) from the DC power system DC to the second power conversion unit 3 is equal to or lower than the first threshold voltage V1, the ratio The set value Rpd is set to zero to stop the second power conversion unit 3 and the target value Pa of the first power conversion unit 2 is set to the maximum value Pa _MAX to turn on only the first lighting load LA1. Let If the power generation amount of the solar cell array PV increases and the supply voltage of the DC power system DC becomes higher than the first threshold voltage V1, the load output adjustment unit 4 is proportional to the increase of the supply voltage. The set value Rpd is set high, and the target value Pd of the second lighting load LA2 is gradually increased. As a result, the ratio of the light output of the second illumination load LA2 to the total light output gradually increases. However, when the supply voltage of the DC power system DC reaches the second threshold voltage V2, the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Pa of the first power conversion unit 2 and the target value of the second power conversion unit 3. Pd is set to the maximum values Pa _MAX and Pd _MAX , respectively.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the load output adjustment unit 4 includes the first and second power conversion units 2 and 3 according to the target value Po of the total load output of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2. Target values Pa and Pd are set. When the target value Po is less than the maximum value Pa _{MAX of} the first power conversion unit 2, the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to zero and only the first lighting load LA1. Is turned on (see the dashed line in FIG. 8). When the target value Po is equal to or greater than the maximum value Pa _{MAX of} the first power conversion unit 2, the load output adjustment unit 4 increases the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 in proportion to the target value Po ( The light output is shared by the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 (see the solid line in FIG. 8).

  The power supply device PS of the present embodiment is suitable when the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 are used for the backlight of an electric signboard installed outdoors. That is, the backlight of the electric signboard requires an extremely high output light source in order to improve visibility even in the daytime outdoors. For example, a backlight used in a normal liquid crystal display need only have a brightness of about 400 to 500 candela, but a backlight of an electric signboard used outdoors requires several times that brightness, and power consumption is also low. Quite a lot.

  On the other hand, in the power supply device PS of the present embodiment, the ratio of the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 (ratio set value Prd) is increased as the power generation amount of the solar cell array PV increases, Sufficient brightness (light output) can be obtained while suppressing the supply amount from the AC power system AC.

(Embodiment 3)
In the power supply device PS of the present embodiment, the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2 are both light emitting diodes, and the AC power supplied from the AC power system AC is directly converted to DC power by the first power conversion unit 2. It is converted and output to the first lighting load LA1. However, since the other configuration is almost the same as that of the power supply device PS of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 9, the same reference numerals are given to the common components, and the illustration and description are omitted as appropriate.

  The first power conversion unit 2 includes a full-wave rectifier circuit, a smoothing capacitor, and a step-down chopper circuit. The second power conversion unit 3 is composed of a step-up / down chopper circuit. However, since the step-down chopper circuit and the step-up / step-down chopper circuit are well known in the art, detailed illustration and description thereof are omitted. Further, the power supply device PS of the present embodiment includes an optical sensor 6 that detects the optical output of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2. The load output is adjusted so that the detection output of the optical sensor 6 is given to the load output adjustment unit 4 and the sum of the optical outputs of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 converted from the detection output matches the target value Po. The adjustment unit 4 performs feedback control on the target values Pa and Pd of the first and second power conversion units 2 and 3.

  FIG. 10 shows an illumination device LS including the power supply device PS of the present embodiment and the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2. The lighting device LS is configured as a ceiling-mounted lighting fixture installed on the ceiling of an office. A plurality of light-emitting diodes constituting the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 are alternately arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction on the lower surface of the strip-shaped appliance main body 110. Further, a reflector plate 111 having a substantially truncated pyramid shape is provided below the instrument body 110. Further, the optical sensor 6 is attached to one of the side surfaces of the reflecting plate 111 facing in the longitudinal direction. The optical sensor 6 is composed of, for example, a solar cell and detects the light output of both the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2.

The output setting unit 5 in the present embodiment outputs, for example, an upper limit value Pd _LIM (where 0 <Pd _LIM <1) of the load output of the second lighting load LA2 (output power of the second power conversion unit 3). It transmits to the load output adjustment part 4 as setting information. Here, a setting example of the upper limit value Pd _LIM is shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, the target value Po of the sum of the load outputs of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the target value Pd of the second power converter 3 is plotted on the vertical axis. Note that Po _MAX represents the maximum value of the target value Po of the sum of the load outputs of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2, and Pd _MAX represents the maximum value of the target value Pd of the second power converter 3. .

In the load output adjustment unit 4, when the target value Po is less than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (0 <Po <Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the target value Pa of the first power conversion unit 2 is zero. Then, the first lighting load LA1 is turned off, the target value Pd of the second power converter 3 is set to the target value Po of the sum of the load outputs, and only the second lighting load LA2 is turned on (emits light). On the other hand, when the target value Po is equal to or higher than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (Po ≧ Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to the maximum value Pd _MAX. (= Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ) and the second lighting load LA2 is turned on (emitted) at the maximum output, and the first lighting load LA1 is set with the target value Pa of the first power converter 2 as Po-Pd _MAX . Lights up (emits light).

In addition, the output setting unit 5 in this embodiment may transmit output setting information including the upper limit value Pd _LIM and the ratio setting value Rpd of the output power of the second power conversion unit 3 to the load output adjustment unit 4. . Here, a setting example of the upper limit value Pd _LIM and the ratio setting value Rpd is shown in FIG. In FIG. 12, similarly to FIG. 11, the target value Po of the sum of the load outputs of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the target value Pd of the second power converter 3 is plotted on the vertical axis. Po _MAX represents the maximum value of the target value Po of the sum of the load outputs of the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2, and Pd _MAX represents the maximum value of the target value Pd of the second power converter 3. .

For example, when the setting information set by the output setting unit 5 is the upper limit value Pd _LIM = 0.5 and the ratio setting value Rpd = 1.0 (see the solid line A in FIG. 12), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Po to When zero is less than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (0 <Po <Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the target value Pa of the first power converter 2 is set to zero and the first illumination load LA1 is turned off. Then, the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 is set to the target value Po of the total load output, and only the second illumination load LA2 is turned on (emitted). On the other hand, when the target value Po is equal to or higher than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (Po ≧ Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to the maximum value Pd _MAX. (= Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ) and the second lighting load LA2 is turned on (emitted) at the maximum output, and the first lighting load LA1 is set with the target value Pa of the first power converter 2 as Po-Pd _MAX . Lights up (emits light).

Further, when the setting information set by the output setting unit 5 is the upper limit value Pd _LIM = 0.5 and the ratio setting value Rpd = 0.75 (see the dashed line in FIG. 12), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Po Is less than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _{MAX from} 0 (0 <Po <Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the target value Pa of the first power conversion unit 2 is set to Po × (1-Rpd) = 0.25Po Then, the first illumination load LA1 is turned on (light emission), and the second illumination load LA2 is turned on (light emission) while setting the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to Po × Rpd = 0.75Po. On the other hand, when the target value Po is equal to or higher than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (Po ≧ Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to the maximum value Pd _MAX. (= Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ) and the second lighting load LA2 is turned on (emitted) at the maximum output, and the first lighting load LA1 is set with the target value Pa of the first power converter 2 as Po-Pd _MAX . Lights up (emits light).

Alternatively, when the setting information set by the output setting unit 5 is the upper limit value Pd _LIM = 0.1 and the ratio setting value Rpd = 0.25 (see solid line C in FIG. 12), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Po to When the value from zero is less than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (0 <Po <Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the target value Pa of the first power conversion unit 2 is set to Po × (1-Rpd) = 0.75Po The first lighting load LA1 is turned on (light emission), and the second lighting load LA2 is turned on (light emission) while setting the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to Po × Rpd = 0.25Po. On the other hand, when the target value Po is equal to or higher than the upper limit value Pd _LIM × maximum value Po _MAX (Po ≧ Pd _LIM × Po _MAX ), the load output adjustment unit 4 sets the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 to Pd _1. together to light up (emit light) the second lighting load LA2, turn on its first lighting load LA1 the first target value Pa of the power converter 2 as the Po-Pd ₁ (emission).

  Here, if the signal transmission between the load output adjustment unit 4 and the first and second power conversion units 2 and 3 is performed wirelessly, the load output adjustment unit 4 is changed to the first and second power conversions. It can be installed away from the parts 2 and 3. The signal transmission method may be a signal transmission method using radio waves or infrared rays as a medium, or a signal transmission method using visible light as a medium. In particular, in the case of a signal transmission method using visible light as a medium, a response (such as a control state) can be returned from the first and second power conversion units 2 and 3 to the load output adjustment unit 4.

(Embodiment 4)
The basic configuration of the power supply device PS of the present embodiment is the same as that of the power supply device PS of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof are omitted as appropriate.

  The power supply device PS (illumination device LS) of the present embodiment includes a human detection sensor 7 that detects the presence or absence of a person in the illumination space, and the load output adjustment unit 4 according to a human presence detection result by the human detection sensor 7. Is characterized in that the target values Pa and Pd of the first and second power converters 2 and 3 are adjusted. Note that the second power conversion unit 3 in the present embodiment performs switching control of the switching element 33 so that the input current becomes a predetermined value.

  The human detection sensor 7 is a passive human sensor using a current collecting element or an active human sensor using ultrasonic waves or radio waves. However, since this type of human sensor is well known in the art, detailed illustration and explanation of its configuration and operation are omitted. The human detection sensor 7 outputs a human detection signal to the load output adjustment unit 4 when detecting the presence of a person in the detection area.

  The load output adjustment unit 4 in the present embodiment detects a change in the DC power supplied from the second power conversion unit 3 to the second illumination load LA2, and the light output of the second illumination load LA2 due to the change is detected. By adjusting the target value Pa of the first power converter 2 so as to cancel out the fluctuation, the sum of the light outputs of the first and second illumination loads LA1 and LA2 is made to coincide with the target value Po.

  Further, in the load output adjustment unit 4, when the human detection signal is not output from the human detection sensor 7, the ratio set value Rpd is increased to increase the output of the second power conversion unit 3, and the first power The output of the conversion unit 2 is decreased. At this time, the output of the first power converter 2 may be stopped. On the other hand, when the human detection signal is output from the human detection sensor 7, the load output adjustment unit 4 decreases the output of the second power conversion unit 3 by decreasing the ratio set value Rpd and the first power. The output of the conversion unit 2 is increased. However, when the human detection signal is output and the outputs of the first and second power conversion units 2 and 3 are changed, the output is gradually changed according to the response speed of the output of the first power conversion unit 2. Is preferred.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 is increased when there is no person in the illumination space, and the second power conversion unit 3 is set when there is a person in the illumination space. Since the target value Pd is lowered, there is an advantage that even if the output of the DC power system DC is unstable, fluctuations in the brightness of the illumination space are less noticeable. Moreover, since the power stably supplied from the AC power system AC is used while there are people in the lighting space, the brightness of the lighting space can be obtained reliably and stably.

(Embodiment 5)
The basic configuration of the power supply device PS of the present embodiment is the same as that of the power supply device PS of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof are omitted as appropriate.

  The second power conversion unit 3 in the present embodiment supplies pulsed DC power (hereinafter referred to as pulse power) to the second lighting load LA2, and uses the zero cross point of the AC power system AC. Then, when a predetermined time Td has elapsed from the zero cross point, pulse power having a pulse width Tw is output (see FIG. 15C). The output of the second power conversion unit 3 is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the pulse width Tw of the pulse power.

  Here, FIG. 15A shows the AC power supply voltage of the AC power system AC, and FIG. 15B shows the high frequency power (average value) output from the first power converter 2, and FIG. ) Shows the DC power output from the second power converter 3, and FIG. 4D shows the sum of the light outputs of the first and second illumination loads LA1, LA2. The average value of the high-frequency power output from the first power converter 2 includes a ripple having a frequency twice the power frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) of the AC power system AC. If the frequencies are close, the light output may flicker due to the difference between the two frequencies.

  On the other hand, since the second power conversion unit 3 in the present embodiment supplies the pulse power in synchronization with the power supply frequency of the AC power system AC as described above, it can suppress flickering of the optical output. it can. Note that the second power conversion unit 3 may supply pulse power a plurality of times within a period of one cycle T1 of the power supply voltage of the AC power system AC.

(Embodiment 6)
FIG. 16 is a system configuration diagram of an illumination system according to the present invention. A plurality of lighting devices LS1, LS2, LS3, and a plurality of lighting devices LS1, LS2, LS3, AC power supply path L1 to which AC power is supplied from AC power system AC, and DC power supply path L2 to which DC power is supplied from the DC power system. ... are connected.

  The DC power system includes a solar cell array PV, a power conditioner PC, a power storage device VT, an inverter device IV, power generation devices X1 and X2, and the like. The power generators X1 and X2 are composed of solar power generators, wind power generators, regenerative power generators (such as power generators using regenerative brakes of elevators), cogeneration systems, etc., and supplement the power generation capacity of the solar cell array PV. is there.

  The power conditioner PC has a function to disconnect the solar cell array PV and the power generation devices X1 and X2 from the DC power supply path L2 when the DC power supply path L2 is short-circuited or grounded, and the solar battery array PV A function of disconnecting the battery array PV from the DC power supply path L2 and connecting the power generator X1 or X2 to the DC power supply path L2 is provided.

  The power storage device VT is for suppressing output fluctuations of the solar cell array PV and the power generation devices X1 and X2, and includes a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor and the like. However, the power control follow-up characteristics of the power supply device PSi installed in the lighting device LSi (i = 1, 2, 3, ...) have a time constant of 100 milliseconds or more with the lighting load consuming the rated power consumption. In a small system, the power storage device VT can be configured with a large aluminum electrolytic capacitor.

  The inverter device IV converts the surplus of DC power supplied via the DC power supply path L2 into AC power and flows backward to the AC power system AC.

  The lighting device LSi includes the power supply device PSi described in the first embodiment and the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2. However, the output setting unit 5 is shared by a plurality of lighting devices LSi, and is connected to the power supply device PSi of each lighting device LS1 by a two-wire signal line L3. Here, a unique identification code (address) is assigned to the communication interface 41 of each power supply device PSi, and the output setting unit 5 identifies each lighting device LSi (power supply device PSi) using the address. ing.

  The output setting unit 5 monitors the power supply state of the DC power system DC by detecting the line voltage of the DC power supply line L2, and the operation of each lighting device LSi is determined according to the power supply state of the DC power system DC. Output setting information for control is transmitted to each lighting device LSi via the signal line L3.

  For example, when the output voltage of the solar cell array PV is 40 volts or less, the output setting unit 5 sets the second power conversion unit 3 by setting the output setting information of the ratio setting value Rpd = 0 to each lighting device LAi. Stop. At this time, the power conditioner PC disconnects the solar cell array PV from the DC power supply path L2 and connects the power generator X1 or X2 to the DC power supply path L2. When the output voltage of the solar cell array PV exceeds 40 volts, the power conditioner PC connects the solar cell array PV to the DC power supply path L2. The output setting unit 5 operates the second power conversion unit 3 by setting output setting information in which the ratio setting value Rpd is a value larger than zero and smaller than 1 in each lighting device LAi. The ratio set value Rpd is set to a larger value as the output voltage of the solar cell array PV is higher. Furthermore, if the amount of power generated by the solar cell array PV exceeds the amount of power consumed by all the lighting devices LAi, the inverter circuit IV operates to reversely flow the surplus of the amount of power generated to the AC power system AC, and the AC power supply path Control so that the line voltage of L1 is 120 volts or less.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the horizontal axis represents the target value Po of the total light output (lamp power) of the first and second lighting loads LA1 and LA2, and the light output (lamp power) of the second lighting load LA2 When the target value Pd is taken along the vertical axis, the output setting unit 5 sets the ratio set value Rpd to a high value when the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC is relatively large, and the DC power system DC When the supplied DC power is relatively small, the ratio set value Rpd is set to a low value. For example, when the power generation amount of the solar cell array PV is large, it is supplied from the AC power system AC by increasing the ratio of the target value Pd of the load output (light output) of the second illumination load LA2 to the target value Po. Energy consumption can be reduced by reducing the amount of AC power consumed. When the ratio set value Rpd is set to 1.0, there is an advantage that the power conversion loss of the entire system can be reduced by stopping the first power conversion unit 2.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18, when the horizontal axis indicates the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC and the vertical axis indicates the upper limit value Pd _LIM of the light output (lamp power) of the second illumination load LA2, the output setting The unit 5 sets the upper limit value Pd _LIM to a value that is directly proportional to the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC according to the characteristics indicated by the straight line A or B. However, it is desirable to reduce the slope of the characteristic (straight line) as the number of operating lighting devices LAi increases. Thereby, the direct-current power supplied from direct-current power system DC can be equally distributed to each illuminating device LAi.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 19, when the horizontal axis indicates the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC and the vertical axis indicates the ratio setting value Rpd of the light output (lamp power) of the second illumination load LA2, the output setting The unit 5 sets the ratio set value Rpd to a value that is directly proportional to the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC according to the characteristics indicated by the straight line C or D. However, it is desirable to reduce the slope of the characteristic (straight line) as the number of operating lighting devices LAi increases. Thereby, the direct-current power supplied from direct-current power system DC can be equally distributed to each illuminating device LAi.

  Moreover, if the target value ΣPd of the load output of the second lighting load LA2 of the entire lighting system is not shared equally among all the lighting devices LSi, but if the proportions shared by the individual lighting devices LSi are different, the entire system The second power converter 3 can be operated at the optimum point of the conversion efficiency. For example, when the target value ΣPd of the load output of all 30 lighting devices LS1 to LS30 is 300 watts, the target value Pd of the second power conversion unit 3 (maximum output 50 watts) in all the lighting devices LS1 to LS30 is The target value Pd of any 10 lighting devices LAi may be set to 30 watts and the target value Pd of the remaining 20 lighting devices LAj may be set to 0 watts without being uniformly set to 10 watts. In this way, if the second power conversion unit 3 is operated by only a part of the plurality of lighting devices LAi, as compared with the case where the second power conversion unit 3 is operated by all the lighting devices LAi. Thus, a decrease in conversion efficiency due to switching loss can be suppressed.

  Here, when 10 units are selected from the 30 illumination devices LS1 to LS30 and the second power conversion unit 3 is operated as in the above example, the selected 10 units can be replaced at regular intervals. For example, the second power conversion unit 3 in all of the lighting devices LS1 to LS30 can be operated almost uniformly to uniformize deterioration and heat generation. FIG. 20 shows the setting of the power supply devices PS1 to PS3 of the lighting devices LS1 to LS3 from the output setting unit 5 when the second power conversion units 3 of the three lighting devices LS1 to LS3 are sequentially operated one by one. It shows the change over time of the ratio setting value Rpd. As shown in FIG. 20, until the time t = t1, the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting devices LA1 and LA2 is set to zero, the second power conversion unit 3 is stopped, and only the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting device LA3 is obtained. The second power conversion unit 3 is set to 1.0 and operates at a load output of 100%. The time t = t1 to t2 is a transition period (alternating period), and the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting apparatus LA1 is set so as to increase linearly from zero to 1.0, and the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting apparatus LA3 Is set to decrease linearly from 1.0 to zero. From time t = t2 to t3, the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting devices LA2 and LA3 is set to zero and the second power converter 3 is stopped, and only the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting device LA1 is set to 1.0. The second power conversion unit 3 is set and is operating at a load output of 100%. Furthermore, at time t = t3 to t4, the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting device LA2 is set so as to increase linearly from zero to 1.0, and the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting device LA1 decreases linearly from 1.0 to zero. Set to do. From time t = t4 to t5, the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting devices LA1 and LA3 is set to zero, the second power conversion unit 3 is stopped, and only the ratio setting value Rpd of the lighting device LA2 is set to 1.0. The second power conversion unit 3 is set and is operating at a load output of 100%. It is desirable that the period T1 at which the three lighting devices LS1 to LS3 are replaced is several minutes to several tens of minutes. Further, if the amount of direct current power supplied from the direct current power system DC is increased or decreased by adjusting the ratio between the period in which the ratio set value Rpd is set to 1.0 and the period in which the ratio set value Rpd is set to zero, the second The power conversion unit 3 can be operated with high power conversion efficiency.

  By the way, when it is necessary to always maintain a constant brightness by the lighting device LAi, for example, when the lighting device LAi is used as base lighting of an office, the ratio set value Rpd is relatively low. Thus, it is desirable to increase the output ratio of the first power converter 2. On the other hand, if the light output is low when there are no people and the light output is high when there are no people, such as toilet and corridor lighting, the ratio setting value Rpd is It is desirable to increase the output ratio of the second power converter 3 and increase the output ratio of the first power converter 2 by relatively lowering the ratio set value Rpd when there are people. .

  In addition, when equipment that can tolerate input fluctuation to some extent as a load that receives DC power supply from DC power supply path L2 (air conditioning equipment, electric heating equipment, storage battery, etc.) is installed, power generation equipment with large fluctuations in supplied power When DC power is supplied from (for example, a regenerative power generation device), it is desirable to increase the amount of power supplied to a device that can tolerate the input fluctuation to some extent before the start of power supply from the power generation device.

  Further, when a cogeneration system is selected as the power generation device, it is desirable to reduce the output ratio of the second power conversion unit 3 before starting and before stopping.

  By the way, when the AC power system AC fails, the output setting unit 5 operates (lights) the emergency lighting device LAk with the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC. For example, it is assumed that the AC power system AC has a power failure at time t = t1, as shown in FIG. However, the vertical axis in FIG. 21 represents the output voltage of the DC power system DC. The power conditioner PC disconnects the solar cell array PV from the DC power supply path L2 and activates the power generator X1 or X2. During the period from time t = t1 to t2, the second power conversion unit 3 of each lighting device LAi continues to operate due to the discharge from the power storage device VT. When the line voltage of the DC power supply path L2 decreases to 40 volts or less, the output setting unit 5 changes the output setting information and stops the second power conversion unit 3 of each lighting device LAi. Further, when the line voltage of the DC power supply line L2 decreases to 20 volts or less, the power generator X1 or X2 previously activated by the power conditioner PC is connected to the DC power supply line L2 (time t = t3). As a result, the line voltage of the DC power supply line L2 rises to 120 volts or more. However, since the inverter circuit IV detects a power failure in the AC power system AC, no reverse power flow is performed. In the emergency lighting device LAk, an operation program at the time of a power failure is preinstalled in the controller 40 of the power supply device PSk. By executing this operation program, the second power conversion unit 3 operates and is used in an emergency. The lighting load (second lighting load LA2) is turned on. Thus, emergency lighting can be performed using the DC power supplied from the DC power system DC during a power failure in the AC power system AC.

(Embodiment 7)
As shown in FIG. 22, the illumination system of the present embodiment has one line of a two-wire signal line L3 serving as a data transmission path between the output setting unit 5 and the load output adjustment unit 4 of the illumination device LAi (power supply device PSi). Is characteristically shared with the line on the negative electrode side of the DC power supply line L2.

  FIG. 23 is a circuit configuration diagram in which a part of the power supply device PSi in this embodiment is omitted. However, since the basic configuration of the power supply device PSi is the same as that of the power supply device PS of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to common components, and illustration and description thereof are omitted as appropriate.

  The load output adjustment unit 4 in the present embodiment includes two controllers 40 and 45. One controller 40 receives data from the communication interface 41 and outputs data for transmission to the communication interface 41. On the other hand, the other controller 45 transmits the output voltage data of the second power converter 3 detected by the output voltage detector 48 to the controller 40 via the photocoupler 47 or via the photocoupler 46. Data of the target value Pa transmitted from the controller 40 is received and a control signal is given to the drive circuit 25 of the first power converter 2.

  Here, the communication operation of the communication interface 41 will be described in detail with reference to the time chart of FIG. The transmission signal Vs transmitted through the signal line L3 is a square wave pulse signal that is inverted to a plus potential and a minus potential with reference to the potential on the negative electrode side of the DC power supply path L2, as shown in FIG. When the pulse width is T1, it is decoded as “0”, and when the pulse width is T2 (<T1), it is decoded as “1”. That is, in the present embodiment, a pulse width modulation communication signal is transmitted between the output setting unit 5 and the communication interface 4.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, one line of the two-wire signal line L3 serving as a data transmission path between the output setting unit 5 and the load output adjustment unit 4 of the lighting device LAi (power supply device PSi) is connected to the DC power supply path L2. Since it is shared with the line on the negative electrode side, there is an advantage that wiring can be saved.

PS power supply device 1 AC / DC converter 2 First power conversion unit 3 Second power conversion unit 4 Load output adjustment unit 5 Output setting unit
LA1 First lighting load
LA2 Second lighting load

Claims (14)

  A first power conversion unit that converts AC power supplied from the AC power source connected to the AC power source and outputs the power to the first load; and DC power connected to the DC power source and supplied from the DC power source The second power conversion unit that converts the power into the second load, and the sum of the load output of the first load and the load output of the second load matches a predetermined target value. A power supply apparatus comprising: a load output adjustment unit that adjusts outputs of the first and second power conversion units.   An output setting unit that sets a load output of the first or second load is provided, and the load output adjustment unit is configured according to the load output of the first or second load set by the output setting unit. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein outputs of the first and second power conversion units are adjusted.   The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the output setting unit sets a ratio of a load output of the first or second load to a total sum of the load outputs.   The output setting unit sets an upper limit value for the load output of the first or second load, and the load output adjustment unit sets the load output of the first or second load to be equal to or lower than the upper limit value. 4. The power supply device according to claim 2, wherein the outputs of the first and second power conversion units are adjusted so as to satisfy.   The said output setting part sets the load output of the said 1st or 2nd load to the minimum value, when the said target value is below a predetermined value, The any one of Claims 2-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. Power supply.   6. The power supply device according to claim 2, wherein the output setting unit sets the load output according to a magnitude of a DC input to the second power conversion unit.   The power supply according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the output setting unit provides the load output adjusting unit with load output setting information of the first or second load by data communication. apparatus.   The power supply apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the output setting unit shares a part of a communication line for data communication with an electric circuit of the DC power supply.   A load output detecting unit configured to detect load outputs of the first and second loads, and the load output adjusting unit includes the first load output detecting unit so that the load output detected by the load output detecting unit matches the target value. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the outputs of the first and second power converters are adjusted.   The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein a common mode filter is inserted between the DC power supply and the second power conversion unit.   11. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein one circuit of the AC power source is connected to a negative circuit side of the DC power source via a DC blocking impedance element. .   An illumination apparatus comprising: the first and second loads composed of an illumination load; and the power supply device according to claim 1.   The lighting device according to claim 12, further comprising a human detection sensor that detects the presence or absence of a person in the lighting space, wherein the target value is changed according to a detection result of the human detection sensor.   An illumination system comprising a plurality of illumination devices according to claim 12 or 13.

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