JP5524397B2 - Manufacturing method for barrel-shaped screw-like tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for molding or dressing a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone having a barrel shape used for grinding a tooth surface of an internal gear.

  Gears are frequently used in automobile transmissions and the like. In recent years, there has been a demand for improvement in gear processing accuracy for the purpose of reducing transmission vibration and noise. In general, in the gear machining method, gear cutting is performed on a predetermined gear material to form a tooth profile, and after the gear that has been gear cut is heat-treated, finishing processing (grinding) is performed to remove distortion caused by the heat treatment. ) Is done. Conventionally, an external gear to be processed and a grindstone after heat treatment are engaged with each other in a state of giving an axis crossing angle, and tooth surface grinding of the external gear to be processed is performed. The tools used in these grinding methods include various types of tools such as an external gear type, an internal gear type, and a screw (worm) type according to the shape of the gear to be ground.

  As the grinding process is performed, the grindstone is clogged and worn, and the sharpness of the grindstone is reduced. Therefore, after grinding a predetermined number of gears, it is necessary to regenerate a sharp blade surface by performing dressing or truing on the grindstone whose grinding surface is worn.

  As a method of performing dressing and truing, dressing a grindstone using a dress gear set with almost the same gear specifications as the finished gear. Patent Document 1 relates to hard gear honing using an internal grindstone for a heat-treated gear, and in order to perform dressing or truing of the internal grindstone with high accuracy, the number of teeth of the dress gear is set to the gear (work) tooth to be processed. A dress gear having a number of teeth 1.5 or more times the number is disclosed.

JP-A-7-32214 (see, for example, paragraphs [0006] to [0008] of the specification)

  In recent years, not only external gears but also internal gears have been required to be further improved in processing accuracy. As a grindstone used when grinding an internal gear to be machined, a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone formed in a barrel shape whose diameter gradually decreases from the intermediate portion in the rotation axis direction of the grindstone toward both ends in the axial direction. There is. The shape of the dress gear that performs dressing or truing on this barrel-shaped threaded grindstone is suitable for the shape of the internal gear to be machined after finishing the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone. In general, it is designed and manufactured with the same specifications as the internal gear.

  However, since the processing allowance for grinding is set for the internal gear to be processed after heat treatment, a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone dressed / truded with a dress gear manufactured with the same specifications as the internal gear is used. When attempting to finish the internal gear to be processed, the tooth profile of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone may not properly mesh with the tooth profile of the internal gear to be processed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, a removal tooth profile (machining allowance) 221 of a tooth profile 222 is formed on the workpiece internal gear 211. When the grinding process is started, the positions of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 212 and the internal gear 211 to be processed are appropriately meshed, but generally the meshing is performed with the center position of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 212 as a reference. ing. Therefore, at the beginning of machining, the blade 212a of the barrel-shaped screw-shaped grindstone 212 comes into contact only with the cutting tooth shape 221 of the internal gear 211 to be machined at both axial ends 212b, 212c of the barrel-shaped thread-shaped grindstone 212. It will bite more than necessary than the axial center of the thread-shaped grindstone 212. When grinding is performed in such a state of tooth alignment, a local load is applied to both end portions 212b and 212c of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 212 at the start of the grinding, and an irregular grinding load is applied. And uneven wear may occur.

  Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems, and provides a method for producing a barrel-shaped screw-like tool that can easily produce a barrel-shaped screw-like tool that can be efficiently ground without uneven wear. It is an object.

The manufacturing method of the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool which concerns on 1st invention which solves the subject mentioned above is as follows.
Dressing with a dressing tool for a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool that is formed so that its diameter gradually increases from the end in the axial direction toward the middle in the axial direction. A method for producing a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool,
As the dressing tool, a disk dresser having a shape whose contour is the cross-sectional shape of the tooth of the internal gear to be processed is used,
The dressing operation data is calculated by reducing the number of teeth in the specification data of the internal gear to be processed,
Based on the dressing operation data and data on the number of teeth smaller than the number of teeth of the internal gear to be machined, the disk dresser and the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool have the same axis as that at the time of gear machining by the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool. The barrel-shaped threaded tool and the disk dresser are moved at a crossing angle and engaged with each other, and dressing is performed.

  According to the manufacturing method of the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool according to the present invention, compared to the conventional barrel-shaped screw-shaped grindstone, the barrel-shaped thread shape has a smaller grindstone pitch circle diameter at both ends in the axial direction and a smaller radius of curvature at that portion. A grindstone can be easily manufactured. With such a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone, even when finishing an internal gear to be machined that is distorted by heat treatment or has a large machining allowance, the machining load and uneven wear are reduced, and gear processing is performed with high accuracy. It can be carried out.

It is the schematic of an internal gear grinding machine. It is the figure which showed the support structure of the grindstone and the dress gear in the dressing apparatus which applies the manufacturing method of a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool to one Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a barrel-shaped screw-shaped grindstone. It is the figure which showed the support structure of the grindstone and the disk dresser in the dressing apparatus which applies the manufacturing method of a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool to other embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed a mode when dressing a barrel-shaped screw-shaped grindstone with a disk dresser. It is the schematic diagram which showed the dressing operation | movement of the disk dresser. FIG. 7A shows the analysis result of the simulation (1). FIG. 7A shows the dress gear tooth root diameter (mm), the dress gear tooth tip diameter (mm), and the grindstone twist angle (deg) in the axial center for each number of dress gear teeth. , Shaft angle (deg), grinding wheel pitch circle diameter (mm) at the axial center, grinding wheel pitch circle diameter (mm) at the axial end, grinding wheel pitch radius change Δr (mm), FIG. 7B is a graph showing the relationship between the grinding wheel pitch circle radius change Δr (mm) and the number of dress gear teeth. FIG. 8A shows the analysis result of simulation (2). FIG. 8A shows the dress gear root diameter (mm), the dress gear tooth tip diameter (mm), and the grinding wheel twist angle (deg) at the center in the axial direction for each number of dress gear teeth. , Shaft angle (deg), grinding wheel pitch circle diameter (mm) at the axial center, grinding wheel pitch circle diameter (mm) at the axial end, grinding wheel pitch radius change Δr (mm), FIG. 8B is a graph showing the relationship between the grinding wheel pitch circle radius change Δr (mm) and the number of dress gear teeth. It is the figure which showed a mode when grinding a to-be-processed internal gear with the conventional grindstone. It is a principal part enlarged view of FIG.

  Each embodiment of the manufacturing method of the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool which concerns on this invention is described in detail.

[First embodiment]
The manufacturing method of the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool of 1st embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIGS. This embodiment demonstrates the case where it applies to the dressing apparatus which comprises a dress gear (dressing tool).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the internal gear grinding machine 1 includes a bed 2, a column 3, a saddle 4, a turning head 5, and a grindstone head 6. The column 3 is supported on the bed 2 so as to be movable in the horizontal X-axis direction. The X-axis direction is a direction in which the distance between the grindstone rotation axis B1 and the workpiece rotation axis C1 is adjusted, and is along the front-rear direction of the internal gear grinding machine 1. The saddle 4 is attached to the column 3 and supported so as to be movable up and down in a vertical Z-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction. The turning head 5 is attached to the saddle 4 and is supported so as to be turnable around a grindstone turning axis A that is parallel to the X axis and horizontal. The grindstone head 6 is attached to the turning head 5 and supported so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the grindstone rotation axis B1. A grindstone spindle (not shown) and a grindstone arbor 6a attached to the grindstone spindle are supported on the grindstone head 6 so as to be rotatable around a grindstone rotation axis (tool rotation axis) B1. A barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 is detachably attached to the tip of the grindstone arbor 6a.

  In the internal gear grinding machine 1 having the above-described shaft configuration, by moving the column 3, the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 together with the column 3, the saddle 4, the turning head 5, and the grinding wheel head 6 (grinding stone arbor 6a) It moves in the X-axis direction as shown by arrow a. Further, by moving the saddle 4, the saddle 4, the turning head 5, the grindstone head 6 (grindstone arbor 6a) and the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 are moved in the Z-axis direction (internal gear grinding machine 1 as indicated by the arrow b). Move up and down). Further, by turning the turning head 5, the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 turns around the grindstone turning axis A as indicated by an arrow c together with the turning head 5. At this time, the Y-axis direction (the moving direction of the grindstone head 6) also turns around the grindstone turning axis A together with the turning head 5. By moving the grindstone head 6, the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 moves in the Y-axis direction as indicated by the arrow d along with the grindstone head 6 (grindstone arbor 6a). Then, by driving the grinding wheel spindle in the grinding wheel head 6, the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 together with the grinding wheel arbor 6a rotates around the grinding wheel rotation axis B1 as indicated by an arrow e.

  A rotary table 7 is provided on the bed 2 in front of the column 3 so as to be rotatable around a vertical workpiece rotation axis C1. A cylindrical mounting jig 8 is provided on the upper surface of the rotary table 7, and an internal gear (workpiece) W to be processed is detachably mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the upper end of the mounting jig 8. . Therefore, when the rotary table 7 is driven, the workpiece internal gear W together with the rotary table 7 rotates around the workpiece rotation axis C1 as indicated by an arrow i.

  When dressing the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 with the dress gear 11, the dress gear 11 is attached to the attachment jig 8, and the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 and the dress gear 11 are engaged with each other. In the meshing state, the dress gear 11 is rotated about the dress gear rotation axis (work rotation axis) C1, and the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 is rotated in the vertical direction while the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 is rotated synchronously around the grinding wheel rotation axis B1. By swinging in the Z-axis direction), the blade surface 12a of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 is dressed by the blade surface 11a of the dress gear 11.

  The above-described dress gear 11 is based on data on the number of teeth smaller than the number of teeth of the internal gear W to be processed, and the number of teeth is smaller than the number of teeth of the internal gear to be processed to be ground by the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12. It is formed with a small number of teeth. Therefore, the dress gear 11 has a smaller pitch circle diameter than a dress gear formed with the same number of teeth as that of a normal internal gear to be processed. Based on this data, the operation data is calculated by the dressing operation calculation unit, and the operation at the time of dressing is controlled. Therefore, when the dressing / truing of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 is performed with the dress gear 11 having a smaller pitch circle diameter than the dress gear formed with the same number of teeth as that of a normal internal gear to be machined, the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone As shown in FIG. 3, the shape of 12 has a diameter in the direction of the grindstone width (the axial length of the grindstone) H from the axial middle portion (center portion) toward the axial end portions 12b and 12c. The barrel shape is formed such that the size gradually becomes smaller than the size suitable for the shape of the processed internal gear after finishing.

  Thereby, when finishing the internal gear to be machined after heat treatment using the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12, the blade at the axial end of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 is more than necessary in the tooth groove of the internal gear to be machined. It can prevent biting. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the processing load and uneven wear. Furthermore, the entire barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 can be in uniform contact with the tooth surface of the internal gear to be processed, and gear processing can be performed with high accuracy.

  Note that the lower limit value of the number of teeth of the dress gear 11 is the machining allowance of the internal gear to be processed and the contact between the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 and the internal gear to be processed when the internal gear is ground by the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12. Grindability (grinding time) is taken into consideration from the width (length).

  Next, even if the internal gear to be machined is distorted by heat treatment or the machining allowance is large, the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone can reduce the machining load and uneven wear and perform gear machining with high accuracy. A method for setting the number of teeth of the dress gear based on the number of teeth of the internal gear to be machined for the purpose of being able to be manufactured will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

  Here, in order to clarify the relationship between the number of teeth of the outer-tooth-shaped dress gear and the change amount of the grinding wheel pitch circle radius of the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel, simulations (1) and (2) described later were analyzed. The amount of change in the grinding wheel pitch circle radius of the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel is the value of the difference between the pitch circle radius at the axial center of the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel and the pitch circle radius at the axial end of the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel. It is.

  First, the simulation (1) will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b).

In this simulation (1), the dress gear specifications are set to the following (D1), the barrel-shaped threaded wheel specifications are set to the following (T1), and the workpiece (worked internal gear) specifications are set to the following (W1). did.
(D1) Dress gear specifications
Module: 2
Pressure angle: 20 °
Twist angle: 20 °
Tooth width: 30 mm
(T1) Whetstone specifications
Number of teeth: 23
Grinding wheel outer diameter (center): 75.6mm
Wheel width: 30 mm
Grinding wheel helix angle (center): 50 °
(W1) Work specifications
Module: 2
Number of teeth: 60
Pressure angle: 20 °
Twist angle: 20 °
Tooth root diameter: 131.7 mm
Work pitch circle diameter: 127.7mm
Tooth tip diameter: 123.7 mm
Tooth width: 30 mm

  By dressing a barrel-shaped thread-shaped grindstone with a dress gear having a smaller number of teeth than the number of teeth of the internal gear to be processed (1 to 5 in FIG. 7A), a dress gear having the same number of teeth as that of the internal gear to be processed As a result, it was found that the grinding wheel pitch circle radius change amount Δr is larger than that when dressing the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel (6 in FIG. 7A). That is, the grindstone pitch circle diameter at the axial end of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone changes, specifically, the grindstone pitch circle as the number of teeth of the dress gear becomes smaller than the number of teeth of the internal gear to be processed. It was found that the amount of radius change Δr increases. Therefore, by dressing the barrel-shaped screw-shaped grindstone with the dress gear having the number of teeth smaller than the number of teeth of the internal gear to be processed, the barrel-shaped thread-shaped grindstone is dressed with the dress gear having the same number of teeth as the number of teeth of the internal gear to be processed. Compared to the case, the diameter at the end of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone can be reduced.

  Thereby, the radius of curvature of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone was smaller at the axial end than at the axial center. As a result, when finishing the machined internal gear after heat treatment using the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone, it is possible to prevent the blade at the axial end from biting into the tooth groove of the internal gear to be machined more than necessary. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the processing load and uneven wear. Furthermore, the entire barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 can be in uniform contact with the tooth surface of the internal gear to be processed, and gear processing can be performed with high accuracy. It has been found that such a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone can be easily manufactured.

  Next, simulation (2) will be described with reference to FIGS.

In this simulation (2), the dress gear specifications are set to the following (D2), the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel specifications are set to the following (T2), and the workpiece (worked internal gear) specifications are set to the following (W2). did.
(D2) Dress gear specifications
Module: 1.2
Pressure angle: 20 °
Twist angle: 20 °
Tooth width: 30 mm
(T2) Whetstone specifications
Number of teeth: 31
Grinding wheel outer diameter (center): 60.3mm
Wheel width: 30 mm
Grinding wheel helix angle (center): 50 °
(W2) Work specifications
Module: 1.2
Number of teeth: 90
Pressure angle: 20 °
Twist angle: 20 °
Tooth root diameter: 117.3 mm
Work pitch circle diameter: 114.9mm
Tooth tip diameter: 112.5 mm
Tooth width: 30 mm

  As shown in FIG. 8 (a), the internal gear to be machined is the same as in the case of simulation (1) even when grinding the internal gear to be machined having different specifications compared to simulation (1). When dressing / truing a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone using a dress gear different from the number of teeth in the wheel, the diameter of the grindstone pitch circle at the axial end of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone changes. Specifically, the number of teeth in the dress gear It is found that the pitch circle diameter at the axial end of the barrel-shaped threaded wheel becomes smaller than the pitch circle diameter at the axial center as the number of teeth of the internal gear to be machined is reduced. It was.

  Thereby, the radius of curvature of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone was smaller at the axial end than at the axial center. As a result, when finishing the machined internal gear after heat treatment using the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone, it is possible to prevent the blade at the axial end from biting into the tooth groove of the internal gear to be machined more than necessary. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the processing load and uneven wear. Furthermore, the entire barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 can be in uniform contact with the tooth surface of the internal gear to be processed, and gear processing can be performed with high accuracy. It has been found that such a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone can be easily manufactured.

[Second Embodiment]
The manufacturing method of the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool of 2nd embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIGS. This embodiment demonstrates the case where the dressing apparatus provided with a disk dresser (dressing tool) is applied.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the internal gear grinding machine (not shown) is provided with a dressing device 20 including a disk dresser 21. That is, the dressing device 20 is attached to an attachment jig provided on a rotary table on the bed of the internal gear grinding machine. As a result, the disk dresser 21 is supported rotatably around a dresser rotation axis (tool rotation axis) C13 that forms a predetermined mounting angle (for example, a torsion angle of the workpiece) A2 with respect to the vertical direction, and the vertical dresser swivel is performed. It is supported so as to be pivotable about an axis (work rotation axis) C1. The disk dresser 21 is disposed at a predetermined distance from the dresser turning axis C1 and is turned around the C1 axis.

  The disk dresser 21 has a shape with a cross-sectional shape (contact line with a grindstone) of one tooth of the internal gear W to be processed as an outline, and a blade surface 21a is formed on an edge portion along the peripheral surface, thereby forming a barrel shape. A threaded grindstone (barrel shaped threaded tool) 12 can be dressed by a disk dresser 21.

  Next, the dressing operation by the dressing apparatus 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, after the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 and the disk dresser 21 are engaged, the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 rotates around the grinding wheel rotation axis B <b> 1, and the dresser rotation axis C <b> 13 of the disk dresser 21. Along with the rotation around, the disk dresser 21 is swung around the dresser turning axis C1 while the barrel shaped threaded grindstone 12 is moved to the X axis and Y axis so that the disc dresser 21 follows the groove of the barrel shaped threaded grindstone 12. From the position of d1, it moves to the position of d2 which meshes with the intermediate part of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 21, and then moves from the position of d2 to the position of d3 which meshes with the other end of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 21 to perform dressing / truing. Done.

  Here, the above-described operation of the disk dresser 21 and the operation of the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 assume that the number of teeth in the input specification data of the internal gear to be processed is smaller by a predetermined number, and the torsion angle other than the number of teeth, etc. The operation data is calculated and controlled by the dressing operation calculation unit based on the grindstone shape assumed to be the same as the specification data of the internal gear to be processed. Thereby, the shape of the barrel-shaped thread-shaped grindstone 12 becomes the diameter as it goes to the axial direction both ends 12b and 12c from the axial direction intermediate part (center part) in the direction of a grindstone width (the axial direction length of a grindstone). The barrel shape is formed such that the size gradually becomes smaller than the size suitable for the shape of the processed internal gear after finishing.

  Accordingly, when the machined internal gear after heat treatment is finished using the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12, the blades at the axial ends of the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 bite more than necessary into the tooth grooves of the machined internal gear. Can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the processing load and uneven wear. Furthermore, the entire barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12 can be in uniform contact with the tooth surface of the internal gear to be processed, and gear processing can be performed with high accuracy.

  The lower limit value of the number of teeth of the internal gear to be processed assumed when dressing / truing with the disk dresser 21 is performed when the internal gear to be processed is ground with the machining allowance of the internal gear to be processed or the barrel-shaped threaded grindstone 12. Grindability (grinding time) is set from the contact width (length) between the barrel-shaped threaded grinding wheel 12 and the internal gear to be processed.

  According to the present invention, a barrel-shaped threaded grindstone capable of reducing machining load and uneven wear and performing gear machining with high accuracy can be easily produced, and thus can be beneficially used in the machine tool industry and the like. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Dress gear 12 Barrel-shaped thread-like grindstone 20 Dressing device 21 Disc dresser A1 Axis crossing angle A2 Dresser mounting angle B1 Grinding wheel rotation axis C1 Work rotation axis (dress gear rotation axis)
C13 Dresser rotary shaft

Claims (1)

Dressing with a dressing tool for a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool that is formed so that its diameter gradually increases from the end in the axial direction toward the middle in the axial direction. A method for producing a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool,
As the dressing tool, a disk dresser having a shape whose contour is the cross-sectional shape of the tooth of the internal gear to be processed is used,
The dressing operation data is calculated by reducing the number of teeth in the specification data of the internal gear to be processed,
Based on the dressing operation data and data on the number of teeth smaller than the number of teeth of the internal gear to be machined, the disk dresser and the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool have the same axis as that at the time of gear machining by the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool. A method for manufacturing a barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool, characterized in that the barrel-shaped screw-shaped tool and the disk dresser are moved in a state of being meshed at an intersecting angle and meshed with each other to perform dressing.

Images