JP5523118B2 - Waveguide device - Google Patents
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- JP5523118B2 JP5523118B2 JP2010005915A JP2010005915A JP5523118B2 JP 5523118 B2 JP5523118 B2 JP 5523118B2 JP 2010005915 A JP2010005915 A JP 2010005915A JP 2010005915 A JP2010005915 A JP 2010005915A JP 5523118 B2 JP5523118 B2 JP 5523118B2
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この発明は、雑音の少ない電磁波を導波管に入力し、または導波管を伝搬してきた電磁波から雑音の少ない電気信号を出力するようにした導波管装置に関し、特に導波管内の電極を導波管に内在する電界モード分布によって特定される外周形状や幅に形成するようにした装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a waveguide device that inputs an electromagnetic wave with less noise into a waveguide or outputs an electric signal with less noise from an electromagnetic wave that has propagated through the waveguide, and in particular, an electrode in the waveguide The present invention relates to an apparatus formed in an outer peripheral shape and width specified by an electric field mode distribution inherent in a waveguide.
導波管装置はマイクロ波を用いた衛星通信や情報通信などの分野において重要な電子要素である。かかる導波管装置では導波管に対する電磁波の入出力と電極との関係について定説はなく、あまり分明になっていないのが現状である（非特許文献１、非特許文献２）。 Waveguide devices are important electronic elements in fields such as satellite communications and information communications using microwaves. In such a waveguide device, there is no established theory regarding the relationship between the input and output of electromagnetic waves to the waveguide and the electrodes, and the current situation is that it is not so obvious (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2).
本件発明者は、導波管中に電磁波を入力するために設置した電極形状と、導波管中に伝搬する電磁波の電界モード分布との、間の伝達効率を研究した結果、高周波電流から導波管中に伝搬する電磁波への、変換効率は数式１で決定されることを知見した。 As a result of studying the transmission efficiency between the electrode shape installed for inputting electromagnetic waves into the waveguide and the electric field mode distribution of the electromagnetic waves propagating in the waveguide, the present inventor has derived from the high-frequency current. It has been found that the conversion efficiency to the electromagnetic wave propagating in the wave tube is determined by Equation 1.
ここで、
Ｔn：形状f(x)の電極からｎ次電界モード分布Gn(x)の電磁波への変換効率、または、ｎ次電界モード分布Gn(x)をもつ電磁波から形状f(x)の電極に誘起する高周波電流への変換効率
f(x)：電極形状
Gn(x)：ｎ次電界モード分布
ａ：導波管の幅
ｘ：導波管幅方向の座標
である。
here,
Tn: Conversion efficiency from an electrode having a shape f (x) to an electromagnetic wave having an n-order electric field mode distribution Gn (x), or induction from an electromagnetic wave having an n-order electric field mode distribution Gn (x) to an electrode having a shape f (x) Conversion efficiency to high frequency current
f (x): Electrode shape
Gn (x): n-order electric field mode distribution a: Waveguide width x: Coordinates in the waveguide width direction.
今、入力電極１１の形状を、矩形状とした場合（図８）、基本波の電解モード分布に対応する形状とした場合（図１）について、それぞれの形状の電極１１がもつ変換効率を、導波管１０に内在するｎ次電界モードについて計算したのが図９及び図１０である。なお、図１及び図８において、２１は導波管１０の高さ方向の中央位置を示す。 Now, when the shape of the input electrode 11 is a rectangular shape (FIG. 8), and when it is a shape corresponding to the electrolysis mode distribution of the fundamental wave (FIG. 1), the conversion efficiency of the electrode 11 of each shape is FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the calculation of the n-order electric field mode inherent in the waveguide 10. 1 and 8, reference numeral 21 denotes the center position of the waveguide 10 in the height direction.
図９から、矩形型電極１１にはいろんな高調波成分が存在し、いろんな高調波成分が含まれていることが分かる。図１０から、基本波（第１次）電界モードの電界分布曲線に対応（例えば、相似）した形状の入力電極１１の場合では基本波電界モードをもつ基本波成分しか存在せず、基本波モードの周波数においてのみ変換効率が１で、他の周波数成分における変換効率は０である。つまり、基本波モードの電界分布に対応する外周形状の入力電極１１は一種のフィルタのような特性があり、電極形状に応じた電界分布をもつ周波数成分しか、波は導波管１０内に伝達されないことが分かる。
これにより、入力電極１１の形状を、導波管１０に内在する電界モード分布に対応する形状にすることにより、入力電極１１の形状に合った電界分布をもつ周波数成分しか、導波管１０内に伝達しないことが理解される。
From FIG. 9, it can be seen that the rectangular electrode 11 includes various harmonic components and includes various harmonic components. From FIG. 10, in the case of the input electrode 11 having a shape corresponding to (for example, similar to) the electric field distribution curve of the fundamental wave (first order) electric field mode, only the fundamental wave component having the fundamental wave electric field mode is present. The conversion efficiency is 1 only at the other frequency, and the conversion efficiency at other frequency components is 0. In other words, the input electrode 11 having an outer peripheral shape corresponding to the electric field distribution in the fundamental wave mode has a kind of filter characteristic, and only the frequency component having the electric field distribution corresponding to the electrode shape transmits the wave into the waveguide 10. I understand that it is not done.
Thus, by making the shape of the input electrode 11 a shape corresponding to the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide 10, only frequency components having an electric field distribution that matches the shape of the input electrode 11 can be found in the waveguide 10. It is understood that it does not communicate to.
本発明はかかる知見に基づいてなされたものであって、その第１の目的は、所望の電界分布をもつ周波数成分を導波管内に伝達し、他のモードおよび雑音を導波管に伝達させない外周形状の入力電極を備えた導波管装置を提供することである。
本発明の第２の目的は、導波管を伝搬して来た電磁波の中から所望の電界モード分布をもつ周波数成分のみを電極に誘起し、他のモードや雑音を誘起しない外周形状の出力電極を備えた導波管装置を提供することにある。
The present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge, and a first object thereof is to transmit a frequency component having a desired electric field distribution into the waveguide and not to transmit other modes and noises to the waveguide. It is to provide a waveguide device provided with an outer peripheral input electrode.
The second object of the present invention is to induce only a frequency component having a desired electric field mode distribution from the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide to the electrode, and to output an outer peripheral shape that does not induce other modes or noise. An object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide device provided with electrodes.
上記数式１は、入力電極と導波管に内在する電界モード分布との係わり合い、つまり入力電極ｆ（ｘ）により印加した電界から導波管に伝達する、ｎ次の電界モード分布Ｇn（ｘ）をもつ電磁波に変換する変換効率を示している。
また、上記数式１は、導波管に内在する電界モードとして伝搬してきた電磁波のｎ次の電界モード分布Ｇn（ｘ）と出力電極ｆ（ｘ）との係わり合い、つまりｎ次の電界モード分布Ｇn（ｘ）をもつ電磁波から出力電極ｆ（ｘ）に誘起される高周波電流への変換効率をも示している。
即ち、上記数式１は高周波電流と電磁波との変換において、入出力の電極形状と、導波管に内在する電界モード分布との変換効率を表す式であると理解できる。
Equation 1 above relates to the relationship between the input electrode and the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide, that is, the nth-order electric field mode distribution Gn (x) transmitted from the electric field applied by the input electrode f (x) to the waveguide. It shows the conversion efficiency for conversion to electromagnetic waves with).
Also, Equation 1 above relates to the relationship between the n-order electric field mode distribution Gn (x) of the electromagnetic wave propagating as the electric field mode inherent in the waveguide and the output electrode f (x), that is, the n-th electric field mode distribution. It also shows the conversion efficiency from an electromagnetic wave having Gn (x) to a high-frequency current induced in the output electrode f (x).
That is, it can be understood that the above Equation 1 represents the conversion efficiency between the input / output electrode shape and the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide in the conversion between the high-frequency current and the electromagnetic wave.
上記数式１は数学的に、ｆ（ｘ）とＧn（ｘ）が同じ関数のとき、つまり入力または出力電極形状ｆ（ｘ）と、導波管に内在する電界モード分布Ｇn（ｘ）が同じであるとき、導波管への入力または導波管からの出力の変換効率は１であり、他の電界モードの変換効率は０であることが分かっている。 Mathematical Formula 1 mathematically shows that when f (x) and Gn (x) are the same function, that is, the input or output electrode shape f (x) and the electric field mode distribution Gn (x) inherent in the waveguide are the same. It is known that the conversion efficiency of the input to or output from the waveguide is 1, and the conversion efficiency of the other electric field modes is 0.
つまり、導波管に内在するｎ次の電界モード分布と入力電極または出力電極形状が同じであるなら変換効率が最大である１で、高周波電流から導波管内の電磁波へ、または導波管内の電磁波から導波管外の高周波電流へ損失することなく、変換できることを表している。 In other words, if the n-th order electric field mode distribution and the shape of the input electrode or output electrode are the same, the conversion efficiency is maximum 1, and the high-frequency current is converted into electromagnetic waves in the waveguide, or in the waveguide. This means that conversion can be performed without loss from electromagnetic waves to high-frequency current outside the waveguide.
本発明に係る導波管装置は、導波管の中に入力電極又は出力電極を備え、雑音の少ない電磁波を導波管に入力しあるいは導波管を伝搬してきた電磁波から雑音の少ない電気信号を出力するようにした導波管装置であって、前記入力電極又は出力電極の外周形状の一部又は全部あるいは前記入力電極又は出力電極の大きさが、着目する次数の電界モード分布によって特定される形状又は大きさに形成されていることを特徴とする。 The waveguide device according to the present invention includes an input electrode or an output electrode in a waveguide, and inputs an electromagnetic wave with little noise to the waveguide or an electric signal with little noise from the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide. A part or all of the outer peripheral shape of the input electrode or the output electrode or the size of the input electrode or the output electrode is specified by the electric field mode distribution of the order of interest. It is formed in a shape or size.
本発明の１つの特徴は、導波管中の入力電極または出力電極における外周形状の一部または全部を、着目する次数の電界モード分布によって特定される形状に形成するようにした点にある。 One feature of the present invention is that part or all of the outer peripheral shape of the input electrode or output electrode in the waveguide is formed into a shape specified by the electric field mode distribution of the order of interest.
これにより、着目する次数の電界モード分布によって特定される形状をもつ入力電極に高周波電流を印加すると、電極形状に対応した電界モード分布を持った電磁波が導波管内を伝達し、他のモードの電磁波や雑音を導波管に伝達させず、雑音の少ない特定モードの電磁波を導波管内に伝達させることができる。 As a result, when a high frequency current is applied to an input electrode having a shape specified by the electric field mode distribution of the order of interest, an electromagnetic wave having an electric field mode distribution corresponding to the electrode shape is transmitted through the waveguide, and other modes Without transmitting electromagnetic waves or noise to the waveguide, it is possible to transmit electromagnetic waves of a specific mode with less noise into the waveguide.
また、出力電極の場合については、導波管内を電磁波が伝搬して来ると、外周形状に応じた高調波成分の電界モードのみが出力電極に誘導され、他のモードや雑音は誘導されず、雑音の少ない特定モードの電磁波のみの高周波電流を出力することができる。 In addition, in the case of the output electrode, when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide, only the electric field mode of the harmonic component corresponding to the outer peripheral shape is induced to the output electrode, and other modes and noise are not induced, A high-frequency current of only a specific mode of electromagnetic waves with less noise can be output.
電極は一般的にはプラスの極性で、導波管はマイナスの極性であるが、電極と導波管の極性は逆の極性でも構わない。
電極の外周形状の一部または全部を、着目する次数の電界モード分布によって特定される形状とすればよく、例えば電極の外周形状の一部または全部を半周期以上の余弦曲線又は正弦曲線の一部または全部に対応（例えば、相似）する形状に形成することができる。
最も簡単な電極形状として、電極の外周形状の一部または全部を、導波管に内在する電界モード分布曲線の一部または全部に対応する形状、例えば基本波に対する電界モード分布曲線の一部または全部に相似する形状にすることができる。
The electrode is generally positive polarity and the waveguide is negative polarity, but the polarity of the electrode and the waveguide may be opposite.
A part or all of the outer peripheral shape of the electrode may be a shape specified by the electric field mode distribution of the order of interest. For example, a part or all of the outer peripheral shape of the electrode may be a cosine curve or sine curve having a half cycle or more. It can be formed in a shape corresponding to (for example, similar to) a part or the whole.
As the simplest electrode shape, a part or all of the outer peripheral shape of the electrode may be a part corresponding to a part or all of the electric field mode distribution curve inherent in the waveguide, for example, a part of the electric field mode distribution curve for the fundamental wave or The shape can be similar to all.
この電極は導波管内の高さ方向のどの位置に設けても効果があるが、高さ方向中央付近に設けると、上下対称になって安定するので、導波管高さ方向の中央付近の位置に設置するのがよい。また、図１７及び図１８に示されるように、電極１１、１５を導波管１０の壁面に埋設することもできる。例えば、絶縁部材１４を介して電極１１、１５によって壁面の一部を構成させることができる。 This electrode is effective at any position in the height direction in the waveguide, but if it is provided near the center in the height direction, it becomes stable in the vertical direction, so it is stable near the center in the height direction of the waveguide. It is good to install in position. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the electrodes 11 and 15 can be embedded in the wall surface of the waveguide 10. For example, a part of the wall surface can be constituted by the electrodes 11 and 15 via the insulating member 14.
また、導波管内では電磁波は管内波長の周期で進行方向ｚへ伝搬している。それ故、管内波長は半周期毎に、その極性を変化させている。導波管の幅と伝搬周波数で決まる管内波長をもつ波を励振させる場合、使用する電極内では極性は同じである必要があり、入力電極の電磁波伝搬方向ｚの長さは、管内波長の半分以下であることが必要である。
出力電極についても、同じであることが理解できる。
In the waveguide, the electromagnetic wave propagates in the traveling direction z with a period of the wavelength in the tube. Therefore, the in-tube wavelength changes its polarity every half cycle. When a wave having an in-tube wavelength determined by the width of the waveguide and the propagation frequency is excited, the polarity in the electrode to be used must be the same, and the length of the electromagnetic wave propagation direction z of the input electrode is half of the in-tube wavelength. It is necessary that:
It can be understood that the same applies to the output electrode.
以上の説明は入力電極が導波管縦方向に一段に設置された場合で、入力電極と異なる極性の電極として導波管を利用した構成の例であるが、導波管を一つの極性をもつ電極として使わず、プラスまたはマイナス電極の二段の電極をｘｙ面の略同位置で高さ方向にずらし導波管内に形成した構成も可能である。図１２に示される例は、電極１１、１５を導波管１０内に高さ方向に二段に設置した構造であるが、二段の電極１１、１５の形状は同じであることが望ましいが、理論的には上下のいずれか一方の電極を電界モード分布に対応した形状とすればよく、他方の電極を任意の形状とすることもできる。 The above explanation is an example of a configuration in which a waveguide is used as an electrode having a polarity different from that of the input electrode when the input electrode is installed in one stage in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide. A configuration in which two stages of plus or minus electrodes are shifted in the height direction at substantially the same position on the xy plane without being used as an electrode having a plus or minus electrode is also possible. The example shown in FIG. 12 has a structure in which the electrodes 11 and 15 are installed in two steps in the height direction in the waveguide 10, but it is desirable that the shapes of the two-stage electrodes 11 and 15 are the same. Theoretically, any one of the upper and lower electrodes may have a shape corresponding to the electric field mode distribution, and the other electrode may have an arbitrary shape.
図１２で上段の電極１１にプラスと下段の電極１５にマイナスの電圧との間に電界が印加される。また、上段の電極１５にマイナスと下段の電極１１にプラスの電圧との間に電界が印加される。図１２中、右側の上段と下段の電極１１、１５の間に印加される電界と、左側の上段と下段の電極１５、１１の間に印加される電界の向きは逆になっている。 In FIG. 12, an electric field is applied to the upper electrode 11 between a positive voltage and a lower voltage to the lower electrode 15. Further, an electric field is applied between the minus voltage on the upper electrode 15 and the plus voltage on the lower electrode 11. In FIG. 12, the direction of the electric field applied between the upper and lower electrodes 11 and 15 on the right side and the direction of the electric field applied between the upper and lower electrodes 15 and 11 on the left side are reversed.
次に、矩形状の電極の場合について基本波の電界モード分布との効率を計算した結果、導波管幅の中心線から対称の矩形状の電極と基本波電界モード分布の効率は図１１のようになる。 Next, as a result of calculating the efficiency with the electric field mode distribution of the fundamental wave in the case of the rectangular electrode, the efficiency of the rectangular electrode symmetrical with the center line of the waveguide width and the fundamental wave electric field mode distribution is as shown in FIG. It becomes like this.
図１１から、矩形電極の場合は外周形状が矩形状であって、導波管の幅方向の中心に対して左右対称でかつ導波管幅方向の寸法が導波管全幅の４２％以上の大きさのとき、変換効率は０．８５以上を維持している。この値は、電磁波が導波管に入力され導波管から出力される際に、エネルギーが半分になる入力または出力の変換効率値を指している。 From FIG. 11, in the case of a rectangular electrode, the outer peripheral shape is a rectangular shape, which is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the center in the width direction of the waveguide, and the dimension in the waveguide width direction is 42% or more of the entire width of the waveguide. In the case of the size, the conversion efficiency is maintained at 0.85 or more. This value indicates an input or output conversion efficiency value at which energy is halved when an electromagnetic wave is input to and output from the waveguide.
つまり、入力電極又は出力電極は、導波管幅方向の電極長さが導波管全幅の４２％以上の大きさのとき、導波管に内在する電界モード分布をもつ電磁波と強い結合をもつことにより、より効率よく変換が可能となる。 That is, the input electrode or the output electrode has strong coupling with the electromagnetic wave having the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide when the electrode length in the waveguide width direction is 42% or more of the entire waveguide width. Thus, conversion can be performed more efficiently.
例えば、入力電極又は出力電極の外周形状は、導波管幅方向の電極長さが導波管全幅の４２％以上の大きさで、進行方向の電極長さが導波管の管内波長の半分以下を満たす形状であるのが好ましい。 For example, the outer peripheral shape of the input electrode or the output electrode is such that the electrode length in the waveguide width direction is 42% or more of the entire width of the waveguide, and the electrode length in the traveling direction is half the in-tube wavelength of the waveguide. A shape satisfying the following is preferable.
また、入力電極又は出力電極は、外周形状が矩形であって、導波管の幅方向の中心に対し左右対称とすることもできる。 Further, the input electrode or the output electrode may have a rectangular outer peripheral shape and be symmetric with respect to the center in the width direction of the waveguide.
また、高調波を導波するには、図１２で示すように導波管１０中に上段と下段の２段の電極１１、１５で構成するのがよい。図１３の（ａ）にその平面図を、（ｂ）に断面図を示した。例えば、第２次高調波に対する電界モード分布を図１４の（ａ）に示す。図１４の（ｂ）に第２次高調波の電界モード分布（実線）とその逆位相（点線）を示し、それらによって囲まれた部分を電極１１、１５の外周形状とすることができる。電界の方向は電界モード図に示されている極性に合うように与える。図１４の電界モード分布のプラスの領域とマイナスの領域とでは、電界の向きが逆になるように電圧を与える。図１４の（ｂ）にその極性を表示している。つまり、図１４の（ｂ）のように、導波管１０の横方向に並んでいるプラスとマイナスの電極１１、１５は、導波管１０に印加する電界の向きが逆になるように電極の極性を決めている。なお、モード図に示されている極性は実線の極性であり、逆位相（点線）の極性を採用することもできる。また、図１２において、２２は導波管１０内にプラスとマイナスの二枚の電極１１、１５を設ける場合の電極の位置を示す。 Further, in order to guide harmonics, it is preferable that the waveguide 10 is composed of the upper and lower electrodes 11 and 15 as shown in FIG. FIG. 13A is a plan view, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view. For example, the electric field mode distribution for the second harmonic is shown in FIG. FIG. 14B shows the electric field mode distribution of the second harmonic (solid line) and its opposite phase (dotted line), and the portion surrounded by them can be the outer peripheral shape of the electrodes 11 and 15. The direction of the electric field is given so as to match the polarity shown in the electric field mode diagram. In the positive region and the negative region of the electric field mode distribution of FIG. 14, a voltage is applied so that the direction of the electric field is reversed. The polarity is displayed in (b) of FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 14B, the positive and negative electrodes 11 and 15 arranged in the lateral direction of the waveguide 10 are arranged so that the direction of the electric field applied to the waveguide 10 is reversed. The polarity is determined. Note that the polarity shown in the mode diagram is a solid line polarity, and an opposite phase (dotted line) polarity can also be adopted. In FIG. 12, reference numeral 22 denotes a position of the electrode when the plus and minus electrodes 11 and 15 are provided in the waveguide 10.
実際の電極の形状の例を示したのが図１５である。図１５の（ａ）には導波管１０中上段の電極１１、１５、（ｂ）に下段の電極１１、１５を示している。電極１１、１５と導波管１０との間、および２つの電極１１、１５の間には絶縁のため隙間１３が設けられている。 FIG. 15 shows an example of an actual electrode shape. FIG. 15A shows the upper electrodes 11 and 15 in the waveguide 10, and FIG. 15B shows the lower electrodes 11 and 15. A gap 13 is provided between the electrodes 11 and 15 and the waveguide 10 and between the two electrodes 11 and 15 for insulation.
更に、第３次高調波に対する電極構成を図１６に示した。図１６の（ａ）に電界モード分布、図１６の（ｂ）に実際の電極構成を示している。図１６の（ａ）で示した電界モード分布（実線）と逆位相の電解モード分布（破線）で囲まれた部分を電極１１、１５の外周形状とすることができる。それらの極性は、電界モード分布から解るように、図中に表記した極性になるように電界を印加する。導波管１０中上段または下段に図１６の（ｂ）に示した電極形状と極性になるように、もう一方の段には逆の極性の電圧を印加し、電界を（ｂ）で表された極性になるように電界を印加する。 Furthermore, the electrode configuration with respect to the third harmonic is shown in FIG. FIG. 16A shows an electric field mode distribution, and FIG. 16B shows an actual electrode configuration. A portion surrounded by an electrolysis mode distribution (broken line) having an opposite phase to the electric field mode distribution (solid line) shown in FIG. As can be seen from the electric field mode distribution, the electric field is applied so that the polarities are those shown in the figure. A voltage having the opposite polarity is applied to the other stage so that the electrode shape and polarity shown in FIG. 16B are applied to the upper stage or the lower stage in the waveguide 10, and the electric field is represented by (b). An electric field is applied so as to obtain a polarity.
入力電極又は出力電極を導波管壁に埋め込んだ例を、図１７及び図１８に示す。これら電極と導波管とは電気的に絶縁されている。伝搬する電磁波の障害とならないように導波管壁に埋め込んだ構成にしている。図１７は入力電極（＋）と導波管（−）の間に電界が印加される。この場合においても、極性は逆でもよい。図１７の（ａ）は概観図、図１７の（ｂ）は断面図である。絶縁物１４が電極と導波管の間に設置されている。 An example in which the input electrode or the output electrode is embedded in the waveguide wall is shown in FIGS. These electrodes and the waveguide are electrically insulated. The structure is embedded in the waveguide wall so as not to obstruct the propagating electromagnetic wave. In FIG. 17, an electric field is applied between the input electrode (+) and the waveguide (−). In this case, the polarity may be reversed. FIG. 17A is an overview, and FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view. An insulator 14 is placed between the electrode and the waveguide.
図１８はプラス、マイナスの電極は、両方とも導波管に絶縁された構成である。図１８の（ａ）は概略斜視図、図１８の（ｂ）は断面図である。電極１１（＋）と電極１５（−）の間に電界が印加され、導波管に電磁波が導波される。
高次の電界モードの高調波に対しても、図１２で説明したような構成で、導波管と絶縁された入力電極又は出力電極の設置場所が導波管壁に埋め込まれるだけである。
In FIG. 18, the plus and minus electrodes are both insulated from the waveguide. 18A is a schematic perspective view, and FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view. An electric field is applied between the electrode 11 (+) and the electrode 15 (−), and an electromagnetic wave is guided to the waveguide.
Also for higher-order electric field mode harmonics, the configuration as described in FIG. 12 is used, and the installation location of the input electrode or output electrode insulated from the waveguide is only embedded in the waveguide wall.
図１に示すように、導波管の電磁波進行方向をｚ軸、横方向をｘ軸、縦方向をｙ軸とする。所望する高調波に対応した、導波管１０に内在する電界モード分布に対応した電極１１を、導波管１０高さ方向の略中心付近２１に水平に設置する。所望する高調波に対する電界モード分布に対応した電極（＋）１１と導波管（−）１０との間で電界を生じる。生じた電界の濃さは導波管１０の縦断面から見て、所望する電界モード分布と同じとなり、電極１１により生じた電界の濃さに比例したエネルギーが導波管１０中の電磁波に伝達される。 As shown in FIG. 1, an electromagnetic wave traveling direction of a waveguide is a z-axis, a horizontal direction is an x-axis, and a vertical direction is a y-axis. The electrode 11 corresponding to the desired harmonics and corresponding to the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide 10 is horizontally installed near the approximate center 21 in the height direction of the waveguide 10. An electric field is generated between the electrode (+) 11 and the waveguide (−) 10 corresponding to the electric field mode distribution for the desired harmonic. The intensity of the generated electric field is the same as the desired electric field mode distribution as viewed from the longitudinal section of the waveguide 10, and energy proportional to the intensity of the electric field generated by the electrode 11 is transmitted to the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide 10. Is done.
電極１１が導波管１０と短絡しないように、図２のように導波管１０の壁部付近で電極１１は導波管１０との絶縁が保たれるほどの隙間１３をあけておく。図２は電極１１を配置したときの平面図である。図３にそのときの断面図を示す。 In order to prevent the electrode 11 from being short-circuited with the waveguide 10, a gap 13 is formed in the vicinity of the wall portion of the waveguide 10 so that the insulation with the waveguide 10 is maintained as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a plan view when the electrode 11 is arranged. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view at that time.
同軸ケーブル等と電極１１の接続方法は、従来の技術で繋ぐものとする。電極１１のｚ軸方向の長さは、導波管１０を伝搬する波に対する管内波長の半分以下の長さにする。
電界モード分布に対応した電極１１は、図４に示すように電界モード分布の上半分でも下半分だけでもよい。なお、高調波に対しても同じである。
The connection method of a coaxial cable etc. and the electrode 11 shall be connected by the conventional technique. The length of the electrode 11 in the z-axis direction is set to a length equal to or less than half the in-tube wavelength with respect to the wave propagating through the waveguide 10.
The electrode 11 corresponding to the electric field mode distribution may be only the upper half or the lower half of the electric field mode distribution as shown in FIG. The same applies to harmonics.
導波技術の概略説明
従来の技術では、金属を介して同軸やストリップライン等から導波管に電磁波を導波する方法であり、この点で本発明と変わらない。しかし、従来の技術では、導波管に内在する電界、磁界モード分布と結合するために電極を挿入するのであるが、電磁波が電極に反射しないようにするために、極力電極を小さくする構成が採用されている。
General Description of Waveguide Technology The conventional technology is a method of guiding electromagnetic waves from a coaxial line, a stripline, or the like through a metal to a waveguide, and this is not different from the present invention. However, in the conventional technology, an electrode is inserted in order to couple with the electric field and magnetic field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide. However, in order to prevent electromagnetic waves from being reflected on the electrode, there is a configuration in which the electrode is made as small as possible. It has been adopted.
本発明は、導波管１０の幅方向のほぼ全幅にわたって電極１１を設置し、全領域に電界を生じさせ、導波管１０に内在する電界モード分布と結合させる方法を採用している点に特徴がある。 The present invention employs a method in which the electrode 11 is installed over almost the entire width in the width direction of the waveguide 10, an electric field is generated in the entire region, and the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide 10 is coupled. There are features.
その際、電極１１によって印加される電界が電界モードとどれくらい関わるかで、電極１１から導波管１０に導波する変換効率が決定される。高周波が電極１１から導波管１０内のｎ次電界モードに導波する変換効率は数式１で表される。数式から解るように、電界モード分布と同じ電極形状のときに最大の変換効率となる。 At that time, the conversion efficiency of the wave guided from the electrode 11 to the waveguide 10 is determined by how much the electric field applied by the electrode 11 relates to the electric field mode. The conversion efficiency at which the high frequency is guided from the electrode 11 to the n-order electric field mode in the waveguide 10 is expressed by Equation 1. As can be seen from the equation, the maximum conversion efficiency is obtained when the electrode shape is the same as the electric field mode distribution.
また、出力電極１２についても、入力電極１１と同じ方法で、電極形状や構造が決定される。その１例を図５に示す。 Further, the electrode shape and structure of the output electrode 12 are determined by the same method as that of the input electrode 11. One example is shown in FIG.
例えば、導波する電磁波の基本周波数が１０ＧＨｚの場合、導波管幅が２２．９ｍｍ、高さが１０．２ｍｍの導波管１０を用いる。導波管１０の縦断面の電界分布を基本モードに対応した分布にするため、電磁波進行方向に余弦分布（ＣＯＳ分布）をなすように入力電極１１の大部分の平面形状が図２に示されるように余弦曲線となるように形成する。電極１１は、電極材料として銅（Ｃu）材料を用いて形成され、図１で示されるように、導波管１０の高さ方向ほぼ中央付近２１に、略水平に設置される。ｚ方向の電極１１の長さは、管内波長が ３９．７ｍｍであるので、約半分の１９．８ｍｍとした。 For example, when the fundamental frequency of the electromagnetic wave to be guided is 10 GHz, the waveguide 10 having a waveguide width of 22.9 mm and a height of 10.2 mm is used. In order to make the electric field distribution of the longitudinal section of the waveguide 10 a distribution corresponding to the fundamental mode, the most planar shape of the input electrode 11 is shown in FIG. 2 so as to form a cosine distribution (COS distribution) in the electromagnetic wave traveling direction. In this way, a cosine curve is formed. The electrode 11 is formed using a copper (Cu) material as an electrode material, and is installed substantially horizontally near the center 21 in the height direction of the waveguide 10 as shown in FIG. The length of the electrode 11 in the z direction was set to about 19.8 mm because the in-tube wavelength was 39.7 mm.
本例の場合、図３に示されるように、導波管１０として縦方向長さｂを１０．２ｍｍ、横方向長さａを２２．９ｍｍ、設計基本周波数を１０ＧＨｚ付近に設定している。また、銅板製電極１１の厚みを０．５ｍｍ、電磁波進向ｚ軸の最大長さを１９．８ｍｍとした場合を例に説明を行うが、使用する部材あるいは寸法は適宜変更して実施できることは勿論である。 In the case of this example, as shown in FIG. 3, the longitudinal length b of the waveguide 10 is set to 10.2 mm, the lateral length a is set to 22.9 mm, and the design fundamental frequency is set to around 10 GHz. In addition, the case where the thickness of the copper plate electrode 11 is 0.5 mm and the maximum length of the electromagnetic wave advance z-axis is 19.8 mm will be described as an example. Of course.
ところで、導波管にあっては、高周波電流が入力電極１１を介して導波管１０に伝達した波は、ｘ軸方向、ｙ軸方向に反射しながら、主としてｚ軸方向に伝搬する。 By the way, in the waveguide, the wave transmitted from the high-frequency current to the waveguide 10 via the input electrode 11 propagates mainly in the z-axis direction while being reflected in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction.
本発明に係る導波管装置における第１の特徴は、導波管１０内の高さ方向略中央付近２１に形成される電極１１の外周形状を決定するための手順にある。すなわち、着目する次数の電界モード分布の特性曲線の形状から、目的とする電極１１の外周形状を決定するのである。 The first feature of the waveguide device according to the present invention lies in the procedure for determining the outer peripheral shape of the electrode 11 formed in the vicinity of the center 21 in the height direction in the waveguide 10. That is, the outer peripheral shape of the target electrode 11 is determined from the shape of the characteristic curve of the electric field mode distribution of the order of interest.
例えば、第１次の電界モードに着目した場合にあっては、周波数が１０ＧＨｚでは導波管１０の横方向の幅が２２．９ｍｍとすると、入力電極１１の最大幅が略２２．９ｍｍ、長さが無限の導波管を設けた場合を仮定し、導波管のモード理論から、この例における電界モード分布ψ（ｘ）として、
ψ（ｘ）＝ｃｏｓ（０．１３７１９ｘ）
（但し、導波管幅方向の中心位置と電極中心位置を０ｍｍとして合わせ、電極中心位置からｘ軸方向の距離をｍｍで表示したもの。大きさは最大を１として規格化している。）
が得られる。
For example, when focusing on the primary electric field mode, if the horizontal width of the waveguide 10 is 22.9 mm at a frequency of 10 GHz, the maximum width of the input electrode 11 is approximately 22.9 mm and long. Assuming that an infinite waveguide is provided, from the mode theory of the waveguide, the electric field mode distribution ψ (x) in this example,
ψ (x) = cos (0.13719x)
(However, the center position in the waveguide width direction and the electrode center position are set to 0 mm, and the distance in the x-axis direction from the electrode center position is expressed in mm. The size is normalized with the maximum being 1.)
Is obtained.
そこで、横軸は電極中心を原点とした電極幅方向の長さを導波管幅ａで規格化して表示し、縦軸は最大値を１．０とした相対値で表示した場合、上記した電界モード分布ψ（ｘ）は図６に示されるように表される。 Therefore, the horizontal axis indicates the length in the electrode width direction with the electrode center as the origin and is normalized by the waveguide width a, and the vertical axis indicates the relative value with the maximum value being 1.0. The electric field mode distribution ψ (x) is expressed as shown in FIG.
なお、上記の例は一例であって、他の次数のモードの場合でも同様である。また、導波管１０の形状あるいは各種特性を適宜変更して実施できる。例えば、導波管１０を断面円形等に変更することができる。 Note that the above example is an example, and the same applies to modes of other orders. Further, the shape or various characteristics of the waveguide 10 can be changed as appropriate. For example, the waveguide 10 can be changed to a circular cross section.
更に、電極１１における幅や長さも限定されるものでなく、導波管１０の端まで施すことも可能である。その場合にあっても、上述した方法あるいは他の任意の方法を利用して電界モード分布を求め、その電界モード分布曲線に対応した電極形状に形成されることができる。 Furthermore, the width and length of the electrode 11 are not limited, and it can be applied to the end of the waveguide 10. Even in such a case, the electric field mode distribution can be obtained by using the above-described method or any other method, and the electrode shape corresponding to the electric field mode distribution curve can be formed.
出力電極１２は、導波管１０中を伝搬してきた電磁波を出力電極１２に高周波電流として取り出す装置である。伝搬する電磁波は導波管１０に内在する電界モード分布に沿った電界分布として伝搬してくるので、出力電極１２は伝搬して来る電磁波の電界分布に沿った金属片の形状で受けることが最適である。その具体的な効率を表す式が前述した数式１である。つまり、入力電極１１と形状は同じである。 The output electrode 12 is a device that extracts the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide 10 to the output electrode 12 as a high-frequency current. Since the propagating electromagnetic wave propagates as an electric field distribution along the electric field mode distribution inherent in the waveguide 10, the output electrode 12 is optimally received in the form of a metal piece along the electric field distribution of the propagating electromagnetic wave. It is. The formula representing the specific efficiency is the above-described formula 1. That is, the shape is the same as that of the input electrode 11.
１０ 導波管
１１ 入力電極（＋）
１２ 出力電極（＋）
１５ 入力電極（−）
10 Waveguide 11 Input electrode (+)
12 Output electrode (+)
15 Input electrode (-)
Claims (12)
Ｔn：形状f(x)の電極からｎ次電界モード分布Gn(x)の電磁波への変換効率、又はｎ次電界モード分布Gn(x)をもつ電磁波から形状f(x)の電極に誘起する高周波電流への変換効率、f(x)：電極形状、Gn(x)：ｎ次電界モード分布、ａ：導波管の幅、ｘ：導波管幅方向の座標としたとき、下記の数式１によって、着目する次数の電界モード分布Gn(x)において所望の変換効率Ｔnが得られる電極の形状f(x)が特定され、
Tn: Conversion efficiency from an electrode having a shape f (x) to an electromagnetic wave having an n-order electric field mode distribution Gn (x), or induction from an electromagnetic wave having an n-order electric field mode distribution Gn (x) to an electrode having a shape f (x) Conversion efficiency to high-frequency current, f (x): electrode shape, Gn (x): n-order electric field mode distribution, a: waveguide width, x: coordinates in the waveguide width direction 1 specifies the electrode shape f (x) that provides the desired conversion efficiency Tn in the field mode distribution Gn (x) of the order of interest,
The waveguide device according to claim 7 or 10, wherein the input electrode (11) or the output electrode (12) is embedded in a waveguide wall and is insulated from the waveguide.
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