JP5522472B2 - Combustion device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus that mainly burns wood materials.

  Wood pellets, which are assembled fuels, have high energy density and relatively stable quality (combustibility), and are excellent in handling during transportation and storage processes. There is a part that is slightly inferior to the control response.

  On the other hand, the wood powder fuel is difficult to handle because it is inferior in handling property in the transportation and storage process, and the initial flammability changes greatly due to moisture absorption and temperature drop during transportation and storage.

  Also, when handling assembled fuel and powdered fuel as described above, if the flammability direction is unstable during combustion, backfire will occur, which is extremely dangerous, and it is necessary to ensure safety.

JP 2009-287824 A

  Therefore, in the present invention, while ensuring the handling and safety in the transportation and storage processes, the initial combustion property and the controllability of combustion are more excellent, and the series of processes from the transportation, storage and combustion of the fuel is made highly efficient. It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion device that can do the above.

In order to solve the above problems, the following means (1) to (6) are taken.
(1) The combustion apparatus of the present invention uses a combustion fuel processed into a solid as a first fuel,
A pulverizing section (2) for pulverizing the first fuel charged from the charging port (1);
A carburetor section (3) that communicates with the pulverizing section (2) and feeds the first fuel pulverized by the pulverizing section (2) together with primary air necessary for combustion of the first fuel;
A combustion furnace section (4) connected to the pulverization section (2) via a carburetor section (3) and having a furnace chamber for taking in and combusting the pulverized first fuel and primary air. It is characterized by that.

  The pulverization unit, the carburetor unit 3 and the combustion furnace unit 4 are provided in one combustion apparatus, and the combustion fuel is pulverized immediately before combustion, so that the fuel can be efficiently burned in the state immediately after pulverization.

(2) In the combustion apparatus, the combustion furnace section (4) includes a substantially cylindrical furnace chamber partitioned by a partition plate (4A) that partitions the furnace chamber into a cylindrical shape from a front end to a rear intermediate position. Burner is ejected in the axial direction of the substantially cylindrical shape from the nozzle portion (6) attached to the inner side of the partition plate (4A) at the front,
The furnace chamber has a primary combustion chamber (41) extending over the outer periphery of the furnace chamber partitioned by the partition plate (4A),
A secondary combustion chamber (41C) behind the rear end of the partition plate (4A) and extending to the rear of the furnace chamber;
It is divided into a combustion path (42) over the inner periphery of the furnace chamber partitioned by the partition plate (4A),
The primary combustion chamber (41) and the combustion path (42) communicate with each other via a secondary combustion chamber (41C) behind the partition plate (4A),
The combustion path (42) preferably communicates with the nozzle part (6) in front of the furnace chamber.

  The first fuel and the primary air taken in from the carburetor section 3 are swirled in the furnace chamber from the primary combustion chamber of the furnace chamber from the front to the rear of the outer periphery of the furnace chamber, and the secondary combustion at the rear of the furnace chamber. It passes through the chamber 4C and flows from the rear near the furnace chamber axis to the front to the secondary combustion chamber. The combustion furnace section 4 has a substantially cylindrical furnace chamber partitioned by a partition plate 4A that divides the furnace chamber into a cylindrical shape from the front end to the rear intermediate position, and is located at the front of the furnace chamber and inside the partition plate 4A. Combustion gas is ejected from the nozzle part 6 attached to the nozzle in the axial direction of the substantially cylindrical shape.

In the embodiment, the furnace chamber is partitioned into a primary combustion chamber 41 over the outer periphery of the furnace chamber partitioned by the partition plate 4A and a combustion path 42 over the inner periphery of the furnace chamber partitioned by the partition plate 4A. The primary combustion chamber 41 and the combustion path 42 communicate with each other via a secondary combustion chamber 4C near the rear of the furnace chamber,
The combustion path 42 communicates with the nozzle portion 6 in front of the furnace chamber.

  The primary combustion chamber 41 and the secondary combustion chamber 4C communicate with each other at the rear end of the outer periphery of the partition plate 4A, and the secondary combustion chamber 4C and the combustion path 42 communicate with each other at the rear end of the inner periphery of the partition plate 4A. The combustion path 42 further communicates with a nozzle portion 6 that is provided in front of the furnace chamber.

  The combustion furnace section 4 has a horizontal cylindrical structure in which a horizontal cylindrical furnace chamber is partitioned into a double cylindrical structure by a partition plate 4A, and from a nozzle section 6 attached to the inside of the multiple cylindrical structure. Burner eruption is performed.

  The furnace chamber communicates with the primary combustion chamber 41 through a primary combustion chamber 41 extending over the outer periphery of the cylinder by a partition plate 4A partitioning in a cylindrical shape from the front end of the furnace chamber, and a secondary combustion chamber 4C near the rear end of the furnace chamber, It is divided into a combustion path 42 extending from the center of the cylinder to the front nozzle portion 6.

  (3) In the combustion apparatus, a combustion air supply device that is connected to the outside of the combustion furnace section (4) and supplies combustion air into the primary combustion chamber (41) or the secondary combustion chamber (4C) of the furnace chamber. It is preferable to comprise. The combustion air supply device may be provided with only one for the primary combustion chamber (41) or the secondary combustion chamber (4C) as in Examples 2 and 3 described later. As in Example 1, one combustion chamber (41, 42) may be provided.

  (4) In any one of the combustion devices, in the first combustion chamber (41) and the second combustion chamber (4C), whirling combustion airflow is generated in the furnace chamber, and the combustion air supply device is It is preferable to accelerate the combustion airflow by flowing fresh air from the outside in a forward direction that does not reverse the combustion airflow in the furnace chamber. Here, the forward direction not reversing the combustion airflow is substantially the same direction as the combustion airflow with an angle difference of less than 90 degrees with respect to the combustion airflow, and is an orthogonal direction or an angle of 90 degrees or more. It means the thing except the retrograde direction which has a difference.

  Blowing into the combustion chamber or blowing fresh air or heated air into the nozzle portion increases the combustion efficiency.

(5) A throttle section 4o having a cross-sectional area set smaller in the communication section between the secondary combustion chamber 4C or the primary combustion chamber 41 or the combustion path 42 and the secondary combustion chamber 4C than in the front and rear sections of the section. Is preferably provided.

  The throttle portion 4o is provided in at least one of a section between the primary combustion chamber 41 and the secondary combustion chamber 4C, a section between the combustion path 42 and the secondary combustion chamber 4C, or the secondary combustion chamber 4C. For example, in Example 3 to be described later, the shielding block 45B is provided on the outer peripheral side of the furnace chamber, and the shielding wall is formed on the outer side to which the centrifugal force is applied. It is formed in the section between 4C. By restricting the flow path of the fuel and the combustion air by the throttle portion 4o, the pulverized fuel stays in the combustion chamber. The flow of airflow from each combustion chamber to the next combustion chamber is obstructed, and the combustion time and temperature in the combustion chamber are secured, and the combustion efficiency is increased. This is due to the creation of flow resistance and the retention of fuel in the primary combustion chamber for as long as possible to promote gasification.

  (6) The crushing part (2) includes a plurality of crushing mechanisms (2A, 2B) connected in series or in parallel to the carburetor part (3), and the first fuel is supplied by each crushing mechanism (2A, 2B). It is preferable to grind in order or in parallel.

  (7) In any one of the above combustion devices, the combustion air supply device (5) uses the second fuel supplied from a supply path different from the first fuel as an ignition fuel, and the combustion air supply device (5) and the carburetor part (3) enable a second combustion state in which the second fuel is combusted in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace part (4), and the first fuel combusts the first fuel. A control unit capable of switching between the combustion state, the second combustion state, and the combined combustion state of the first combustion and the second combustion can be provided.

  With the above configuration, the solid first fuel is pulverized immediately before combustion and burned in a state in which the combustion efficiency is increased, thereby achieving high efficiency in a comprehensive process from transportation to storage and combustion. In addition, the direction of the combustion airflow can be stabilized by the carburetor portion to prevent backfire and to ensure the safety of combustion operation.

(8) The combustion air supply device is an ignition burner having an ignition mechanism for igniting ignition fuel in a furnace chamber or an inflow passage of combustion gas communicating with the furnace chamber,
It is preferable that the supplementary combustion gas can be introduced into the first or second combustion chamber (41, 4C) while igniting the ignition fuel by the ignition mechanism.

  For example, a combustion air supply device 5 having an ignition mechanism for igniting the first fuel in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace section 4 is provided, and this combustion air supply device 5 is located near the rear end of the furnace chamber. It is preferable that the combustion gas is forcibly introduced into the furnace chamber from the next combustion chamber 4 </ b> C toward the front nozzle portion 6 in the combustion path 42.

  By the forced introduction of the combustion gas, the combustion efficiency of the combustion path 42 is remarkably improved, and the nozzle portion 6 is reliably ejected to prevent backfire.

  In any one of the above combustion apparatuses, the carburetor unit 3 preferably feeds the first fuel immediately after being pulverized by the pulverizing unit 2 together with the primary air necessary for the combustion of the first fuel. Note that “immediately after pulverization” means a state where the fuel has not been stored for one hour or more after pulverization, and the fuel immediately after pulverization is, for example, kept in a transported state without being allowed to stand for one hour or more from the end of the pulverization process. This applies to fuels whose rate has not changed since grinding. In any one of the above combustion apparatuses, the pulverization unit 2 includes a plurality of pulverization mechanisms arranged in series or in parallel, and pulverizes the first fuel in multiple stages by passing the pulverization mechanisms sequentially or in parallel. Can be.

  By taking the above measures, while ensuring handling and safety in the transportation and storage processes, it is more excellent in initial combustibility and controllability of combustion, and the series of processes from fuel transportation, storage and combustion is improved in total. The combustion apparatus which can be made efficient is provided.

1 is a front view of a combustion apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG. The right view of the combustion apparatus of Example 1. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a combustion apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG. The front view of the combustion apparatus of Example 2. FIG. The right view of the combustion apparatus of Example 2. FIG. The top view of the combustion apparatus of Example 2. FIG. The side view explaining the internal structure of the combustion furnace part 4 of Example 2, and front bb sectional drawing. The front view of the combustion apparatus of Example 3. FIG. The right view of the combustion apparatus of Example 3. FIG. The top view of the combustion apparatus of Example 3. FIG.

Hereinafter, the combustion apparatus of the present invention will be described together with debris described as an example. In any of the embodiments, the combustion apparatus of the present invention uses the combustion fuel processed into a solid as the first fuel, and has at least the following basic configuration.
・ Inlet 1 that has a hopper part and inputs the first fuel from above
・ Crushing unit 2 for crushing the first fuel introduced from the inlet 1
A carburetor unit 3 that communicates with the pulverizing unit 2 and feeds the first fuel immediately after being pulverized by the pulverizing unit 2 together with the primary air necessary for the combustion of the first fuel.
A combustion furnace section 4 having a furnace chamber connected to the pulverization section 2 via the carburetor section 3 and taking in and combusting the pulverized first fuel and primary air.
Each embodiment further includes a combustion air supply device 5 for igniting the first fuel in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace section 4. Hereinafter, a specific configuration of the embodiment will be described in detail.

  The combustion apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 employs a two-stage twin mill system in which two crushing mechanisms 2A and 2B are arranged in series up and down, and the carburetor unit 3 uses compressed air from a compressor. The powder conveying valve type was used, and the ignition position by the combustion gas supply device 5 was set to the side of the furnace chamber and in the vicinity of the connection part of the carburetor part 3. Each mechanism is integrally arranged on the unit table U, and the upper part of the unit table U is covered with a cover B on the box. The unit base U integrally formed with the cover B is movable by casters W provided on the back of the base.

  (Inlet 1) The inlet 1 has a primary fuel storage part, and drops solid primary fuel by a predetermined amount. The shutter part 1S is provided inside the upper part of the hopper part 12 whose diameter is reduced downward, and the shutter part 1S opens and closes according to a control signal, thereby supplying the necessary first fuel to the lower crushing part 2.

  (First fuel) The first fuel is a solid processed fuel molded into a solid having a predetermined representative length or less, and for example, wood pellets are used.

  (Crushing unit 2) The crushing unit 2 crushes the wood fuel input from the discharge unit insertion port 1, and includes a drive unit 21 and a crushing unit 22 to supply the pulverized primary fuel to the lower discharge unit 23. Discharge. In the present embodiment, a plurality of crushing mechanisms 2A, 2B,... Are provided, and each crushing mechanism is driven in order to crush the first fuel in multiple stages. Without being interposed, the primary fuel is connected to the transport pipe 30 of the carburetor unit 3 as it is, and after pulverized, the primary fuel is transported to the carburetor unit 3 without being stored.

  As another form, a circulation mechanism for supplying the primary fuel after pulverization again may be provided, and the first fuel may be pulverized in multiple stages in one pulverization mechanism.

  (Carburetor 3) The carburetor 3 performs both the suction of the first fuel in a pulverized state and the blowing of primary air. In the embodiment, compressed air compressed by a compressor is used as the primary air. Specifically, the powder of the primary fuel is transported to the carburetor body 31 by the transport pipe 30, and the carburetor air that is the primary air is taken in by the carburetor body 31, and together with the powdered first fuel, the carburetor connection portion 34. To the furnace chamber.

  (Combustion furnace part 4) The combustion furnace part 4 has a horizontal multiple cylinder structure in which the furnace chamber is partitioned into multiple cylinders by a partition plate, and performs burner ejection from a nozzle part 6 attached to the center part of the cylinder end.

  In the combustion furnace section 4 of the first embodiment, the primary combustion chamber is composed of a primary combustion chamber 41 extending from the front end of the furnace chamber to the outer periphery of the cylinder by a partition plate that is partitioned into a cylindrical shape, and a secondary combustion chamber 4C near the rear end of the furnace chamber. 41 and a combustion path 42 extending from the center of the cylinder to the front nozzle portion 6.

  A secondary air intake port 43 is disposed near the rear of the primary combustion chamber.

The first fuel and the primary air taken in from the carburetor unit 3 circulate from the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber while stirring in a vortex.
(Combustion Air Supply Device 5) The combustion air supply device 5 ignites the first fuel in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace section 4. The combustion gas supply device 5 preferably ejects a burner from the secondary combustion chamber 4C near the rear end of the furnace chamber toward the front nozzle portion 6 in the combustion path 42.
(Control part) A control part switches each state of a combination combustion state with the 1st combustion state, the 2nd combustion state, the 1st combustion, and the 2nd combustion.

  (Various combustion states) In the normal combustion operation, the first combustion state in which the first fuel is burned in the furnace chamber is continued. In addition to the first combustion state, the combustion air supply device 5 and the carburetor unit 3 can set the second combustion state in which the liquid fuel is burned in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace unit 4 as the second fuel. Alternatively, the first combustion and the second combustion can be combined to form a combined combustion state in which the primary fuel and the secondary fuel are burned simultaneously.

(Nozzle 6)
The nozzle 6 is integrally composed of a reduced diameter portion that is reduced in diameter toward the tip opening 6E and an extended portion that extends to the tip of the nozzle 6 with the same diameter. The flow velocity is increased by the effect of constriction due to the reduced diameter of the flow path, and the dead area (stagnation part) is eliminated.

In the combustion apparatus of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, one crushing mechanism 2 is arranged in the upper stage, and the carburetor section 3 having the fan 32 is arranged in the lower stage and installed in the latter half of the unit table U. In the first half of the unit table U, the combustion furnace unit 4 provided with the combustion gas supply device 5 and the nozzle 6 is centered on the side of the unit table U that is in the crossing direction of the inclination angle in plan view with respect to the delivery direction from the carburetor unit 3. It is installed in the department.
The carburetor unit 3 of the second embodiment includes a blowing mechanism that does not have a compressor, and sucks the first fuel and blows the primary air in a common flow path through the plate fan intake holes.
The carburetor part 3 agitates with primary air by supplying the first fuel immediately after being pulverized in the pulverizing part 2 from the opening on one side of the supply pipe 26H protruding into the connecting part 33, and blows it into the furnace chamber. (Figure 7).

  The combustion air supply device 5 is ignited using a second fuel having a higher combustion efficiency than the first fuel, such as a liquid fuel. Accordingly, the combustion air supply device 5 and the carburetor unit 3 are used in combination to supply only the second fuel into the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace unit 4, or while mixing the first fuel and the second fuel. Can be supplied.

  By having a control unit that can switch between the second combustion state by the second fuel, the first combustion state by the first fuel, the combined combustion state of the first combustion and the second combustion, any one of the fuels In a deficient state, it is possible to continue the combustion by performing an emergency operation with another fuel.

The primary combustion chamber 41 that extends from the front end of the furnace chamber into a cylindrical shape and communicates with the primary combustion chamber 41 in the primary combustion chamber 41 that extends to the outer periphery of the tube and the secondary combustion chamber 4C that is closer to the rear end of the furnace chamber. With the combustion passage 42 extending in the nozzle section 6, the combustion temperature and the air flow velocity change between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, and the combustion conditions corresponding to the combustion stage are secured in one furnace chamber. can do.
In particular, the combustion furnace section 4 has a horizontal multiple cylinder structure in which the furnace chamber is partitioned into multiple cylinders by partition plates, and a plurality of burners are ejected from the nozzle section 6 attached to the center of the cylinder end. The combustion chambers are efficiently arranged in the front-rear direction.

  The first fuel and the primary air taken in from the carburetor unit 3 circulate from the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber while stirring in a vortex shape, so that a dead region (stagnation portion) hardly occurs, and the furnace chamber High efficiency combustion using the whole becomes possible.

  The combustion air supply device 5 makes the combustion air flow more stable by ejecting a burner from the secondary combustion chamber 4 </ b> C near the rear end of the furnace chamber toward the front nozzle portion 6 from the primary combustion chamber 1.

  The carburetor section 3 has a plate fan intake hole that performs both suction of the pulverized first fuel and blowing of primary air, and thus is compactly configured by a simple mechanism without using a compressor.

  The pulverizing unit 2 includes two or more pulverizing mechanisms, and each pulverizing mechanism is driven in order to pulverize the first fuel in multiple stages, so that the pulverizing unit 2 can be fragmented in a short time and is highly efficient by pulverization. Can be achieved reliably.

The combustion apparatus of Example 3 shown in FIGS.
A pulverizing unit 2 for pulverizing the wood fuel input from the input port 1;
A carburetor unit 3 communicating with the pulverizing unit 2 and sending primary air into the room together with the pulverized wood fuel;
A combustion furnace section 4 connected to the pulverization section 2 via a carburetor section 3 and having a furnace chamber for taking in and combusting the pulverized first fuel and primary air;
Combustion gas supply device 5 that uses liquid fuel as ignition fuel and ignites the wood raw material in the furnace chamber of combustion furnace section 4 is provided.

  In the third embodiment, by enclosing the outside of the furnace chamber at the rear of the primary combustion chamber 41 with refractory bricks, a throttle portion 4o as a cylindrical space is provided between the partition plate 4A and the refractory bricks.

The ignition position by the combustion gas supply device 5 was coaxial with the nozzle axis of the nozzle 6 at the back of the furnace chamber.
In the third embodiment, the third air supply hole is provided at the rear of the furnace chamber, the ignition plug 54 is provided in the connection pipe connected to the rear thereof, and the combustion air supply device 5 is provided at the rear end of the connection pipe. Thereby, ignition and burner ejection are performed from the rear part of the secondary combustion chamber 4C toward the front of the axis in the nozzle direction.

  In particular, as shown in FIG. 10, in the furnace, primary combustion is performed by supplying primary air in a state of being kneaded with the primary fuel from the carburetor connecting portion 34 in front of the circumferential side portion, and the secondary combustion in the rear side of the circumferential side portion is performed. Secondary combustion is performed by supplying secondary air from the intake holes 43, and tertiary combustion is performed by supplying tertiary air from the tertiary air supply holes 44 at the central rear end. By causing the three-stage air supply and combustion continuously in one furnace chamber, the movement of the airflow in the furnace chamber is promoted and the occurrence of stagnation is suppressed, and the primary combustion and secondary combustion in the furnace chamber are suppressed. Combustion is activated. Further, the combustion air supply mechanism 5 that causes tertiary combustion prevents backfire by ejecting a burner.

  In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, recombination of constituent elements between the embodiments, omission of some constituent elements, extraction or replacement, combination of a plurality of constituent elements in each embodiment, substitution to other shapes, or change in arrangement are possible.

Slot 1
Grinding part 2
Carburetor part 3
Combustion furnace 4
Primary combustion chamber 41
Combustion path 42
Secondary combustion chamber 4C
Combustion air supply device 5
Nozzle part 6

Claims (6)

Combustion fuel processed into solid is the first fuel,
A pulverizing section (2) for pulverizing the first fuel charged from the charging port (1);
A carburetor section (3) that communicates with the pulverization section (2) and feeds the first fuel immediately after being pulverized by the pulverization section (2) together with primary air necessary for combustion of the first fuel;
A combustion furnace section (4) connected to the pulverization section (2) via a carburetor section (3), and having a furnace chamber for taking in and combusting the pulverized first fuel and primary air ,
The combustion furnace section (4) has a substantially cylindrical furnace chamber partitioned by a partition plate (4A) that divides the furnace chamber into a cylindrical shape from the front end to the rear intermediate position, and is a front portion of the furnace chamber. (4A) burner ejection is performed in the axial direction of the substantially cylindrical shape from the nozzle portion (6) attached to the inner side than (4A),
The furnace chamber extends from the primary combustion chamber (41) over the outer periphery of the furnace chamber partitioned by the partition plate (4A) and to the rear of the furnace chamber behind the rear end of the partition plate (4A). Divided into a secondary combustion chamber (4C) and a combustion path (42) over the inner periphery of the furnace chamber partitioned by the partition plate (4A);
The primary combustion chamber (41) and the combustion path (42) communicate with each other via a secondary combustion chamber (4C) behind the partition plate (4A), and the combustion path (42) is connected to a nozzle portion (6 )
A combustor comprising a throttle section (4o) having a cross-sectional area set smaller than a section before and after the section in a communication section between the primary combustion chamber (41) and the secondary combustion chamber (4C) . According to claim 1, comprising comprises a combustion air supply device for supplying combustion air to be connected to an external primary combustion chamber of the furnace chamber (41) or the secondary combustion chamber (4C) of the combustion furnace unit (4) Combustion equipment. In the first combustion chamber (41) and the second combustion chamber (4C), whirling combustion airflow is generated in the furnace chamber,
It said combustion air supply device, fresh air from outside, by flowing the forward direction along the direction of the combustion air flow in the furnace chamber, a combustion apparatus according to claim 2, wherein accelerating the combustion air flow in the furnace chamber. The combustion air supply device (5) uses, as ignition fuel, a second fuel supplied from a supply path different from the first fuel, and the combustion air supply device (5) and the carburetor section (3) The second combustion state in which the second fuel is combusted in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace section (4) can be set, and the first combustion state in which the first fuel is combusted, the second combustion state, The combustion apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit capable of switching each state between a combination combustion state of the first combustion and the second combustion. The combustion air supply device is an ignition burner (5) having an ignition mechanism for igniting ignition fuel in a combustion chamber inflow passage communicating with the furnace chamber or the furnace chamber,
The combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein supplementary combustion air can be forcibly introduced into the first or second combustion chamber (41, 4C) while igniting ignition fuel by the ignition mechanism. The combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the combustion fuel is wood fuel.

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