JP5513851B2 - Method for reducing the risk of developing a tumor or cancer in a dog - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、犬の疾病の発生リスク評価方法及びそれに基づく犬の疾病の発症リスク低減方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the risk of developing a disease of a dog and a method for reducing the risk of developing a disease of a dog based on the method.
近年、犬や猫等の小動物のペットにおいて、その食料事情が豊かになるにつれて肥満が問題となってきている。ペットへの愛着心が強い飼い主は、ペットが肥満にならないようにフードの給与量をコントロールし、ペットの健康の維持増進を図ることを心がけており、また動物病院に対しても、このような要望をする場合が多い。 In recent years, obesity has become a problem in pets of small animals such as dogs and cats as the food situation becomes richer. Owners who are fond of pets are trying to maintain and improve the health of their pets by controlling the amount of food they supply to prevent their pets from becoming obese. There are many requests.
このような背景のもと、ペットの健康管理を目的として、ペットに必要なペットフードの種類及びその分量等をペットの体重及びボディーコンディションスコアー（ＢＣＳ）に応じて自動的に計算し、これに基づいて自動的に処方箋を作成するためのシステムが提案されている（特許文献１参照）。このシステムによれば、その処方箋に基づいてペットフードを給与することにより、ペットの体重を適切に管理することができるため、肥満を防止することができると同文献には記載されている。 Against this background, for the purpose of pet health management, the types of pet food required for pets and their amounts are automatically calculated according to the pet's weight and body condition score (BCS). A system for automatically creating a prescription based on this has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). This document describes that obesity can be prevented because the pet's weight can be appropriately managed by feeding pet food based on the prescription.
しかし、特許文献１に記載のシステムはペットの現体重とＢＣＳのみに基づいてその処方箋を作成しており、この点で、ペットの適切な体重管理、ひいては健康管理のための技術として更に改善する余地がある。 However, the system described in Patent Document 1 prepares a prescription based only on the current weight of the pet and the BCS, and in this respect, it is further improved as a technique for appropriate weight management of the pet and consequently health management. There is room.
本発明の目的は、前述した従来技術が有する欠点を解消し得る犬の疾病の発生リスク評価方法及び犬の疾病の発症リスク低減方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the risk of developing a disease of a dog and a method for reducing the risk of developing a disease of a dog, which can eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional techniques described above.
本発明は、犬の体脂肪率を測定し、体脂肪率が３５％以上の場合と３５％未満の場合に区分し、３５％以上の場合には腫瘍又は癌の発症リスクが高いと判断する、犬の疾病発生リスク評価方法を提供するものである。 The present invention measures the body fat percentage of a dog and classifies the body fat percentage as 35% or more and less than 35%, and determines that the risk of developing a tumor or cancer is high when the body fat percentage is 35% or more. The present invention provides a method for assessing the risk of disease occurrence in dogs.
また、本発明は、前記の疾病発生リスク評価方法によって発症リスクが高いと判断された未病の犬に対して、体脂肪率が３５％未満となる処置を施す、犬の腫瘍又は癌の発症リスク低減方法を提供するものである。 The present invention also relates to the development of a dog tumor or cancer in which a non-disease dog determined to have a high risk of onset by the disease risk assessment method is treated with a body fat percentage of less than 35%. It provides a risk reduction method.
本発明によれば、体脂肪率を測定するだけの簡単な操作と、食餌管理によって体脂肪率を特定の値未満となるようにすることで、犬の疾病の発症を未然に予防することに役立てることができる。したがって本発明は、犬の健康管理に大きく資する。 According to the present invention, the simple operation of simply measuring the body fat percentage and the onset of the body fat percentage by a diet management to prevent the onset of the dog's disease in advance. Can be useful. Therefore, the present invention greatly contributes to the health management of dogs.
以下本発明を、その好ましい実施形態に基づき説明する。本発明は特定の疾病の発症が顕在化していないものの、潜在的に罹患している可能性のある犬（以下このような状態を「未病の犬」という。）や該特定の疾病に罹患していない健康な犬に適用することができる。体脂肪率は体脂肪計を使用して測定する。現在動物病院においては犬用の体脂肪計が普及しているので、本発明は動物病院における犬の疾病発症リスクの評価に適用されることが好適である。もちろん犬の飼い主が自宅で犬の疾病発症リスクを評価するために本発明を適用してもよい。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments thereof. Although the onset of a specific disease has not been manifested in the present invention, a dog that may be potentially affected (hereinafter, such a condition is referred to as an “unaffected dog”) or the specific disease Can be applied to healthy dogs that have not. Body fat percentage is measured using a body fat scale. Currently, dog body fat scales are widely used in veterinary hospitals, and therefore the present invention is preferably applied to the evaluation of dog disease risk in veterinary hospitals. Of course, the present invention may be applied in order for the dog owner to evaluate the risk of developing a disease at home.
体脂肪率は、重水希釈法が精度よく測定されることが知られているが、これに代えて例えば本出願人の先の出願に係る特開２００７−１９５９３１号公報に記載の体脂肪計を用いると同等の精度でかつ簡便に体脂肪を測定できる。また、大和製衡（株）製の「ヘルスラボ（登録商標）犬用体脂肪計」を用いても同様に精度良く、簡便に体脂肪を測定できる。 The body fat percentage is known to be measured accurately by the heavy water dilution method. Instead of this, for example, the body fat scale disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-195931 related to the earlier application of the present applicant is used. When used, body fat can be easily measured with the same accuracy. In addition, the body fat can be measured with high precision and simply in the same manner using a “Health Labo (registered trademark) body fat meter for dogs” manufactured by Daiwa Seikan Co., Ltd.
本発明においては、上述した体脂肪率から、犬の疾病予防の指針を導き出す。具体的には、体脂肪率にしいき値を設け、対象となる犬の体脂肪率がそのしきい値以上である場合には、その犬が特定の疾病に罹患する可能性が高い状態であると判断する。一方、体脂肪率がしきい値未満である場合には、しきい値以上にならないように体脂肪をコントロールして罹患するリスクを低下させることが重要となる。 In the present invention, a guideline for preventing disease in dogs is derived from the body fat percentage described above. Specifically, when a threshold value is set for the body fat percentage and the body fat percentage of the target dog is equal to or higher than the threshold, the dog is highly likely to suffer from a specific disease. Judge. On the other hand, when the body fat percentage is less than the threshold value, it is important to control the body fat so as not to exceed the threshold value to reduce the risk of suffering.
ペットとして飼育されている犬にとって、腫瘍や癌などの、いわゆる新生物は大きな問題の一つである。特にメスの犬には、乳腺に腫瘍や癌ができることがある。本発明者が、新生物と犬の体脂肪率との関係を調べたところ、意外にも密接に関係することが判明した。以下の表１は、体脂肪率の値に応じて、腫瘍の発症のリスクがどの程度あるかを、本発明者らが検討した結果を示している。同表中、オッズ比とは、ある事象の起こりやすさを２つの群で比較して示す統計学的な尺度のことであり、本明細書においては、体脂肪率３０％未満の群における発症のリスクを１とした場合に、体脂肪率３０％以上の群において、どの程度の発症のリスクがあるかを相対的に示した指標である。また、ｐ値はこの解析結果の有意性を示し、ｐ＜０．０５の場合は統計学的に有意であると判断できる。 For dogs raised as pets, so-called neoplasms such as tumors and cancer are one of the major problems. In particular, female dogs may have tumors and cancer in the mammary gland. When the present inventor investigated the relationship between the neoplasm and the body fat percentage of the dog, it was found that it was unexpectedly closely related. Table 1 below shows the results of the study by the present inventors on the risk of developing a tumor depending on the value of the body fat percentage. In the table, the odds ratio is a statistical measure showing the likelihood of an event being compared between two groups, and in this specification, the onset in a group with a body fat percentage of less than 30%. This is an index that relatively indicates the risk of onset in a group with a body fat percentage of 30% or more when the risk of 1 is 1. Moreover, p value shows the significance of this analysis result, and when p <0.05, it can be judged that it is statistically significant.
なお、本調査は２００７年４月から２００９年８月までの間に東北〜鹿児島の２２病院に来院した1歳以上の犬を対象としており、疾病の治療のため、あるいは予防接種など治療以外の目的のため来院した犬７６３１頭について、獣医師による診察と体脂肪率測定を実施した。体脂肪率の測定にはヘルスラボ（登録商標）犬用体脂肪計を使用し、特開２００７−１９５９３１号公報の試験例５記載の方法に準じて測定を行った。来院した犬の内訳は、健康な犬は３７３１頭、疾病をもつと診断された犬は３９００頭であった。 This survey was conducted on dogs over 1 year old who visited 22 hospitals in Tohoku and Kagoshima between April 2007 and August 2009. For the purpose of this study, 7631 dogs who visited the hospital were examined by a veterinarian and measured for body fat percentage. The body fat percentage was measured using a health laboratory (registered trademark) dog body fat scale, according to the method described in Test Example 5 of JP-A-2007-195931. Of the dogs that came to the hospital, 3731 healthy dogs and 3900 dogs diagnosed with disease.
疾病の発生に影響する他の因子として考えられる年齢、性別、犬種、不妊・去勢手術の有無を除外して解析するため、健康な犬と疾病をもった犬の中から、これらの因子をマッチさせた個体群を選択し、体脂肪率と疾病の関係について統計解析を行った。統計解析では、犬の肥満の度合いとして体脂肪率を用い、(1)体脂肪率３０％未満、(2)３０〜３５％未満、(3)３５％以上の３つのグループに分けて、(1)に対する(2)、(3)のオッズ比を求めて肥満と疾病リスクの関係を検討した。 In order to analyze other factors that may affect the occurrence of disease, such as age, gender, breed, infertility and castration surgery, these factors were selected from healthy dogs and sick dogs. A matched population was selected and statistical analysis was performed on the relationship between body fat percentage and disease. Statistical analysis uses body fat percentage as the degree of obesity in dogs, divided into three groups: (1) less than 30% body fat, (2) less than 30-35%, and (3) more than 35%. The relationship between obesity and disease risk was examined by finding the odds ratio of (2) and (3) to 1).
表１から明らかなように、新生物である腫瘍又は癌の発生は、体脂肪率３５％未満の群に対して、体脂肪率が３５％以上の群では発症のリスクが、それぞれ約２倍、約２．６倍にもなる。この数値はすべて、統計学上有意な数値である。したがって、犬の体脂肪率が３５％以上であることは、腫瘍又は癌の発症原因と位置づけることができる。そこで本発明においては、体脂肪率のしきい値を３５％に設定し、それ以上の体脂肪率を有する犬に対し、体脂肪率が３５％未満となる処置を施すことで、この疾病についての発症リスク低減（ひいては予防）を行う。特に犬が発症することが多い乳腺の腫瘍又は癌との関係においても、体脂肪率３５％をしきい値として発症リスク評価する方法が有効であることが表１から明らかであり、その発症予防に有効であると考えられる。 As is clear from Table 1, the incidence of neoplastic tumor or cancer is about twice as high as the risk of onset in the group with body fat percentage of 35% or more, compared with the group with body fat percentage of 35% or more. About 2.6 times. All of these numbers are statistically significant. Therefore, a body fat percentage of a dog of 35% or more can be regarded as a cause of tumor or cancer development. Therefore, in the present invention, the threshold of body fat percentage is set to 35%, and a dog having a body fat percentage higher than this is treated to have a body fat percentage of less than 35%. Reduce the risk of developing (and thus prevent) It is clear from Table 1 that the method of assessing the risk of onset using a body fat percentage of 35% as a threshold is also effective in relation to a mammary gland tumor or cancer, which often develops in dogs. It is considered effective.
前記の処置としては、様々なものが考えられるが、獣医師が動物病院で行う処置に加え、犬の飼い主が自宅で行うことが可能な処置を考慮すると、食餌管理を行うことが好都合である。食餌管理のうち、（１）食餌中に脂質の代謝を制御する成分を含有させる方法、又は（２）特に給与カロリーを適切に管理することが効果的であることが、本発明者らの検討の結果判明した。 Various treatments can be considered as the above-mentioned treatment. In addition to the treatment that a veterinarian can perform at a veterinary hospital, in consideration of the treatment that can be performed by a dog owner at home, it is advantageous to perform dietary management. . Among the diet management, the present inventors consider that (1) a method for containing a component that controls lipid metabolism in the diet, or (2) that it is particularly effective to appropriately manage calorie supply. As a result.
（１）の方法としては、適正給与カロリーの調整とは独立に、又はこれと併用して、ジアシルグリセライド（ＤＡＧ）及び／又はハイアミロースでんぷんを含有する食餌を投与する、という処置方法が挙げられる。ＤＡＧは体に中性脂肪がつくことを抑制する効果があることが知られており、体重や体脂肪率の抑制効果に有効と考えられる。また、ハイアミロースでんぷんは食後の血中インスリンの急激な上昇を抑制することによって中性脂肪が体につきにくくする効果があることが知られており、体脂肪率の低下や上昇抑制に効果的であると考えられる。本方法を採用した場合には、給与カロリーを従来与えていた食餌と同等に設定しながらも中性脂肪が体につきにくくすることが可能なので、食餌の変化や減量によって犬がストレスを感じることを避けることが可能となる。特に、処置の初期段階において所望の体脂肪率低下が見られない場合に、その後極端にカロリーを減らすような処置を施すことは犬にとって後述の問題を引き起こす危険があることから、ＤＡＧ及び／又はハイアミロースでんぷんを含有する食餌を投与することにより体脂肪率の調整を行うことは好ましい。 The method of (1) includes a treatment method in which a diet containing diacylglyceride (DAG) and / or high amylose starch is administered independently of or in combination with adjustment of the proper calorie supply. . DAG is known to have an effect of suppressing the attachment of neutral fat to the body, and is considered to be effective for suppressing body weight and body fat percentage. In addition, high amylose starch is known to have an effect of making neutral fat difficult to touch the body by suppressing a rapid increase in blood insulin after meals, and is effective in reducing the body fat percentage and suppressing the increase. It is believed that there is. When this method is adopted, it is possible to make neutral fat difficult to hit the body while setting calorie supply equivalent to the diet that was given conventionally, so that dogs feel stress due to changes in diet and weight loss. It can be avoided. In particular, if the desired reduction in body fat percentage is not observed in the initial stage of treatment, then the treatment to reduce calories extremely may cause the problems described below for dogs, so DAG and / or It is preferable to adjust the body fat percentage by administering a diet containing high amylose starch.
ＤＡＧとしては、構成脂肪酸中に炭素数１４〜２２の飽和又は不飽和脂肪酸を含有する油脂（例えば、ナタネ油等）中に含まれるＤＡＧを用いるか、公知の酵素を用いた合成法によって得られたものを使用することができる。ＤＡＧは、これを食餌中の油脂中に１〜９０質量％、特に３〜８０％、更には５〜６０％程度の範囲で含有させることが、体脂肪率抑制効果及び毛艶を良好に保つ点から好ましい。 As DAG, DAG contained in fats and oils (for example, rapeseed oil, etc.) containing a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 22 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid is used, or obtained by a synthesis method using a known enzyme. Can be used. DAG contains 1 to 90% by mass, particularly 3 to 80%, and more preferably 5 to 60% in fats and oils in the diet, so that the body fat percentage suppressing effect and hair gloss are kept good. It is preferable from the point.
ハイアミロースでんぷんは、一般的にアミロース含量が４０〜９０質量％であるでんぷんであり、特に、ハイアミロースコーンスターチ、六条皮麦のＧｌａｃｉｅｒ ＡＣ３８、ｓｕ２トウモロコシ等が挙げられる。市販品としては、ハイアミロースコーンスターチアミロメイズＶ（アミロース含量が５０〜６０質量％）、アミロメイズVI（アミロース含量が６０〜７０質量％）、アミロメイズVII（アミロース含量が７０〜８０％）（以上、日本食品加工社製）、ファイボーズ（同約７０質量％、日澱化学社製）等が挙げられる。ハイアミロースでんぷんは食餌中の炭水化物中に、３質量％以上、特に３〜３０質量％、更に３〜２０質量％含有されるのが、経済性、肥満防止効果、摂取性及び便の状態の観点から好ましい。 High amylose starch is generally starch having an amylose content of 40 to 90% by mass, and in particular, high amylose corn starch, Glacier AC38 of sucrose barley, su2 corn and the like. Commercially available products include high amylose corn starch amylomaize V (amylose content 50-60 mass%), amylomaise VI (amylose content 60-70 mass%), amylomaise VII (amylose content 70-80%) (above, Japan) Food Processing Co., Ltd.), Fibose (about 70% by mass, manufactured by Nissho Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc. High amylose starch is contained in carbohydrates in the diet in an amount of 3% by mass or more, particularly 3 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, in view of economy, anti-obesity effect, ingestion and fecal condition. To preferred.
また（２）の方法としては、従来の食餌量を減らす方法が最も簡便であるが、より好ましい方法として、適正給与カロリーを算出し、それに基づいて食餌の量や内容を計画する方法が好ましい。この場合適正給与カロリーは、以下の式（１）に従い算出することが好ましい。この式（１）は「小動物の臨床栄養学第４版」（学窓社、本好茂一監修）の３６頁の記載に基づき代謝体重を体脂肪率２０％と仮定して決定されたものである。 As the method (2), the conventional method of reducing the amount of food is the simplest. However, as a more preferable method, a method of calculating appropriate calorie supply and planning the amount and content of food based on the calorie is preferable. In this case, it is preferable to calculate the proper salary calorie according to the following formula (1). This formula (1) is determined based on the description on page 36 of “Clinical Nutrition of Small Animals 4th Edition” (Gakumado, supervised by Motoichi Motoichi) assuming that the metabolic body weight is 20% of body fat. .
前記の式（１）において、カロリー係数の値に幅がある理由は、給与する食餌の構成成分によって吸収効率が異なるからであり、また、飼育状況によってカロリー係数が異なるからである。日本の室内飼育犬において通常食を給与する場合は、カロリー係数としては、８０〜１２０の範囲から選ばれる値を用いることが好ましく、１１０を用いることがより好ましい。 In the above formula (1), the reason why the calorie coefficient has a wide range is that the absorption efficiency varies depending on the components of the fed food, and the calorie coefficient varies depending on the breeding situation. When feeding a normal diet in a Japanese domestic dog, the calorie coefficient is preferably a value selected from the range of 80 to 120, more preferably 110.
適正給与カロリーの算出にあたっては、体重及び体脂肪率に加え、年齢を考慮することが好ましい。この場合、測定された体重ＢＷ（ｋｇ）、体脂肪率ＢＦ（％）、及び年齢係数ＡＧから下記の式（２）に従い１日の適正給与カロリーＦＣ’（ｋｃａｌ）を算出する。この式（２）は式（１）に年齢係数を乗じたものであり、年齢とともに減少することを考慮したものである。係数の値としては１．０〜０．９の範囲から選択される。例えば１歳から５歳までを基本として、６歳から９歳までは５％減、１０歳以上を１０％減とすることができる。年齢により給与カロリーが減少することは「小動物の臨床栄養学第４版」（学窓社、本好茂一監修）の３８頁に記載されているが、その減少の割合に関しては、同書の知見及び本発明者らの調査結果によって定めたものである。 In calculating proper calorie intake, it is preferable to consider age in addition to body weight and body fat percentage. In this case, the appropriate daily calorie FC '(kcal) is calculated from the measured body weight BW (kg), body fat percentage BF (%), and age coefficient AG according to the following formula (2). This equation (2) is obtained by multiplying equation (1) by an age coefficient, and takes into account a decrease with age. The coefficient value is selected from the range of 1.0 to 0.9. For example, on the basis of 1 to 5 years old, it can be reduced by 5% from 6 to 9 years and 10% by 10 years or older. The decrease in calorie supply due to age is described on page 38 of “Clinical Nutrition of Small Animals, 4th Edition” (Gakumado, supervised by Motoichi Yoshimoto). This is determined by the inventors' investigation results.
以上の手順によって得られる適正給与カロリーの値を指針とすることにより、その犬の体脂肪率を適切に管理することができる。体脂肪率の管理の具体的な手順としては、まず算出された適正給与カロリーの値に基づいてペットフードの量を決定し、それをその犬に対して１日に給与するペットフードの量とする。飼い主には決められたペットフードの量を毎回正しく量って与えるように指導することが非常に大切となる。また、トータルの摂取カロリーはおやつやトッピングのカロリーも含むため、そのような物を与えた場合は、ペットフードの量を減らす等の指導も大切である。 By using the value of proper calorie value obtained by the above procedure as a guideline, the body fat percentage of the dog can be appropriately managed. The specific procedure for managing body fat percentage is to first determine the amount of pet food based on the calculated value of proper calorie calorie, To do. It is very important to instruct the owner to give the determined amount of pet food correctly each time. In addition, since the total calorie intake includes calories from snacks and toppings, it is important to give instructions such as reducing the amount of pet food when such food is given.
体脂肪率の管理を開始してから一定期間は、上述した第１の適正給与カロリーにしたがった食餌給与により処置（第１の処置）を行う。当該一定期間経過後（１〜２ヶ月程度）に体脂肪率を測定し、３５％未満となっていれば、それまでと同じ内容の体脂肪率管理を行ってよい。一方、３５％以上である場合には、第１処置期間の体脂肪率が所望の速度で低下していれば、それまでと同じ内容の体脂肪管理を継続する。所望の速度とは体重減少量が０．２〜１．５％／週である。体重が増加していたり、減少の割合が小さい場合は、先に算出した適正給与カロリーよりも少ない第２の適正給与カロリーに従って、犬に与える食餌を調整する（第２の処置）。第２の適正給与カロリーは、式（１）のカロリー係数Ａを調整して算出する。具体的には、カロリー係数Ａ’として、Ａ’＝０．８０Ａ〜０．９９Ａを選定することが好ましい。前述した（１）の方法を併用する場合には、カロリー係数Ａ’を第１の処置時より極端に小さくする必要がないので、犬の精神状態を考えるとより好ましいと言える。また、まれに減少の割合が所望の速度よりも大きい場合が発生するが、その場合は適宜カロリーを増やして所望の速度で減少するように調整する。例えばＡ”＝１．１Ａのように調整する。本実施形態のように、体脂肪率の減少速度で処置方法を見直すのが好ましい理由は以下の通りである。しきい値に到達するまでの期間設定は、体脂肪管理を開始した時の体脂肪率によって異なる。開始した時の体脂肪率が高ければそれだけかかる期間は長くなる。給与カロリーを大幅に減らすことで期間を短くすることも可能であるが、少なすぎるカロリーは個体の空腹によるストレス反応を起こすだけではなく、個体の筋肉量を減らすことにつながり、基礎代謝を下げ、痩せ難い体となってしまうばかりか、関節を支える力が弱くなり、跛行をはじめとする運動機能障害を併発・増悪させる危険性が高まることとなり好ましくない。なお、体脂肪率が依然として３５％以上である場合には、飼い主に給与カロリーがしっかり守られているか確認する必要もある。 For a certain period after the management of the body fat percentage is started, the treatment (first treatment) is performed by feeding the food according to the above-mentioned first proper calorie supply. If the body fat percentage is measured after a certain period of time (about 1 to 2 months) and less than 35%, the body fat percentage management with the same contents as before may be performed. On the other hand, if it is 35% or more, if the body fat percentage during the first treatment period has decreased at a desired rate, body fat management with the same contents as before is continued. The desired rate is a weight loss of 0.2-1.5% / week. When the weight is increasing or the rate of decrease is small, the diet given to the dog is adjusted according to the second appropriate calorie value that is less than the previously calculated appropriate calorie value (second treatment). The second appropriate calorie calorie is calculated by adjusting the calorie coefficient A in the formula (1). Specifically, it is preferable to select A ′ = 0.80 A to 0.99 A as the calorie coefficient A ′. When the method (1) described above is used in combination, it is not necessary to make the calorie coefficient A 'extremely smaller than that in the first treatment, so it can be said that it is more preferable in view of the mental state of the dog. In some rare cases, the rate of decrease is greater than the desired rate. In this case, the calorie is increased as appropriate, and the rate is adjusted to decrease at the desired rate. For example, the adjustment is performed such that A ″ = 1.1 A. The reason why it is preferable to review the treatment method at the rate of decrease in the body fat percentage as in the present embodiment is as follows. The period setting varies depending on the body fat percentage at the start of body fat management.The higher the body fat percentage at the start, the longer the period takes.It is also possible to shorten the period by greatly reducing the calorie supply However, too little calories not only cause a stress response due to individual hunger, but also reduce the individual's muscle mass, lower the basal metabolism and make it difficult to lose weight, and the ability to support joints It is not preferable because it becomes weaker and increases the risk of coexistence and exacerbation of motor dysfunction such as lameness.If the body fat percentage is still over 35%, the owner It is also necessary to pay calories to check if they were tightly guarded.
以上の手順を繰り返して、犬の体脂肪率が３５％未満となるまで体脂肪率の管理を行う。体脂肪率が首尾良く３５％未満となった場合には、それまでと同じ内容の体脂肪管理を継続し、３５％未満の体脂肪率を維持するようにする。 The above procedure is repeated to manage the body fat percentage until the dog's body fat percentage is less than 35%. When the body fat percentage is successfully less than 35%, the same body fat management as before is continued and the body fat percentage is kept below 35%.
上述の体脂肪率の管理においては、犬に給与する食餌が脂質を含有するものであることが好ましい。この場合、食餌に含有される脂質中の量を調整することで、上述した第１又は第２の適正給与カロリーを調整することが有利である。加えて、脂質中のＤＡＧ量を調整することが好ましい。また、ＤＡＧの代わりに、又はＤＡＧと併用して第１又は第２の適正給与カロリー調整時にハイアミロースでんぷんを含有させた食餌を用いることが好ましい。ＤＡＧとハイアミロースでんぷんを併用することにより、食事量を減らさずとも体脂肪率低下や上昇抑制が容易になるので好ましい。 In the management of the body fat percentage described above, it is preferable that the diet fed to the dog contains lipids. In this case, it is advantageous to adjust the above-mentioned first or second proper calorie content by adjusting the amount in the lipid contained in the diet. In addition, it is preferable to adjust the amount of DAG in the lipid. Moreover, it is preferable to use a diet containing high amylose starch instead of DAG or in combination with DAG at the time of adjusting the first or second proper calorie supply. It is preferable to use DAG and high amylose starch in combination, because it is easy to reduce body fat percentage and suppress elevation without reducing the amount of meal.
以上の実施形態は、犬全般を対象としたものであるが、対象とする犬の群を細分化することで、更に精度の高い判断及び処置を行うことが可能である。例えば、その犬の性別（去勢・不妊を含む）や、犬種に基づいて補正された体脂肪率の値を採用し、その値に基づき上述の判断を行うことができる。具体的には、犬の性別を例にとると、未去勢オス、去勢オス、未不妊メス及び不妊メスについて群を分けて、それぞれの群について体脂肪率を補正することができる。 Although the above embodiment is intended for all dogs, it is possible to perform more accurate judgment and treatment by subdividing the target dog group. For example, the value of the body fat percentage corrected based on the sex (including castration and infertility) of the dog and the breed of the dog can be adopted, and the above-described determination can be performed based on the value. Specifically, taking the sex of a dog as an example, groups can be divided for uncastrated males, castrated males, non-fertile females and infertile females, and the body fat percentage can be corrected for each group.
また、上述の実施形態は、体脂肪率が３５％以上となり、既に疾患発症リスクが高いと評価される犬についてのリスク低減方法について説明していたが、体脂肪率が３５％未満の犬についても、体脂肪率が３５％以上となることを抑制するために、同様の処置を行うことによって、疾患発症リスクを低減することができる。 Moreover, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the risk reduction method about the dog whose body fat rate will be 35% or more and is already evaluated that the disease onset risk is high, about the dog whose body fat rate is less than 35% In addition, in order to suppress the body fat percentage from becoming 35% or more, the risk of developing the disease can be reduced by performing the same treatment.
以上の実施形態では、適正給与カロリーの値の算出は、場合によっては人間の手によって実行されるものであるところ、適正給与カロリーの値の算出を、コンピュータの使用により効率的かつ高精度に実行することもできる。例えば、一台のコンピュータ及びそれに接続された入力装置、記憶装置及び出力装置（プリンタ等も含む）を用いて運用されるシステムを用い、該コンピュータにインストールされたプログラムを実行することで、適正給与カロリーの値の算出を容易に行うことができる。 In the above embodiment, calculation of the value of proper salary calories is executed by a human hand in some cases, but calculation of the value of proper salary calories is performed efficiently and with high accuracy by using a computer. You can also For example, by using a system operated using one computer and an input device, a storage device, and an output device (including a printer) connected to the computer and executing a program installed in the computer, an appropriate salary can be obtained. The calorie value can be easily calculated.
そのようなシステムは、コンピュータ、プリンタ、出力画面として表示すべき各データを記憶した記憶装置、モニタ、キーボード及びマウス等の入力手段を備えた入出力装置から構成される。本システムはコンピュータのモニタに入力画面を表示させ、キーボード等の操作により当該入力画面上に入力された体脂肪率及び体重のデータを受け取り、当該データに基づいて演算を行い、その結果を出力画面としてモニタ上に表示させるものである。 Such a system includes a computer, a printer, a storage device storing each data to be displayed as an output screen, and an input / output device including input means such as a monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. This system displays an input screen on a computer monitor, receives body fat percentage and body weight data input on the input screen by operating a keyboard, etc., performs calculations based on the data, and outputs the results. Is displayed on the monitor.
以上のシステムを用いた実施形態では、犬の適正給与カロリーの値がコンピュータシステムの演算プロセスにより自動的に実行される。よって、これらを人間の手作業により実行するよりも効率的であり、かつ演算結果が高精度である。 In the embodiment using the above system, the appropriate calorie value of the dog is automatically executed by the calculation process of the computer system. Therefore, it is more efficient than executing these manually, and the calculation result is highly accurate.
以上のシステムは、代表的には一台のコンピュータ及びそれに接続された各種装置から構成されるコンピュータシステムであったが、これに代えて、獣医師や犬の飼い主等の使用者の端末装置と管理用のサーバーコンピュータの間でのネットワーク通信を介したネットワークシステムによって、適正給与カロリーの算出を行うこともできる。このようなシステムによれば、先に述べた第１及び第２の実施形態の内容が、システム利用者の地理的な制約に依存せずに実現される。 The above system was typically a computer system composed of a single computer and various devices connected thereto, but instead of this, a terminal device of a user such as a veterinarian or dog owner An appropriate salary calorie can also be calculated by a network system via network communication between management server computers. According to such a system, the contents of the first and second embodiments described above are realized without depending on the geographical restrictions of the system user.
それぞれ、市販のペットフードにトッピングを施した食餌とおやつを与えられていた以下の試験例１〜３の犬に対して、与えられていたドッグフード、おやつ及びトッピングを含めたすべてのカロリーの聞き取りを飼い主に対して行い、試験で与えるカロリーを調整した。既に与えられていたカロリーと体重と体脂肪率を式（１）に当てはめることによって逆算し、計算したカロリー係数が６４−１３０の間であれば、そのまま与えられていたカロリーで試験を行った。ペットフードを、これと同じカロリーの試験食に替え、今まで与えていたおやつはそのままで、８週間食餌管理を継続させた。食餌管理前後の体脂肪率を測定し、その改善の程度を調べた。なお、試験食はヘルスラボ（登録商標）特別療法食（花王株式会社製；ハイアミロースコーンスターチ及びＤＡＧを含有）を用い、栄養分析値として、粗たんぱく質２４．９質量％、粗脂肪１０．３質量％、粗繊維３．５質量％、粗灰分６．９質量％、水分８．０質量％、代謝エネルギー３３５ｋｃａｌ／１００ｇであった。なお、本実験例における体脂肪率測定は、以下の重水希釈法により行った。
〔体脂肪率の測定方法〕
絶食１２時間の犬に対して採血と体重測定を行った。そのときの重水濃度をＣpre、体重をＷpreとする。その後、試験に供される犬の体重に０．２を乗じた量の重水を注入し、２時間経過後、採血と体重測定を行った。そのときの重水濃度をＣpre、体重をＷpostとする。得られた数値を以下の式に挿入することによって体脂肪率を算出した。
Listen to all the calories including dog food, snacks and toppings given to dogs in Test Examples 1 to 3 that were given food and snacks topped with commercially available pet foods. This was done for the owner and the calories given in the test were adjusted. The calorie, body weight, and body fat percentage that were already given were back-calculated by applying the formula (1), and if the calculated calorie coefficient was between 64-130, the test was performed with the calories that were given as it was. The pet food was replaced with the same calorie test meal, and the food management was continued for 8 weeks while keeping the snacks that had been given. The body fat percentage before and after diet management was measured and the degree of improvement was examined. In addition, the health food (registered trademark) special therapy food (made by Kao Corporation; containing high amylose corn starch and DAG) was used as the test food, and the nutritional analysis values were 24.9% by mass of crude protein and 10.3% by mass of crude fat. The crude fiber was 3.5% by mass, the crude ash content was 6.9% by mass, the water content was 8.0% by mass, and the metabolic energy was 335 kcal / 100 g. In addition, the body fat percentage measurement in this experimental example was performed by the following heavy water dilution method.
[Method for measuring body fat percentage]
Blood samples and body weight measurements were performed on fasting 12 hour dogs. The heavy water concentration at that time is Cpre, and the weight is Wpre. Thereafter, heavy water of an amount obtained by multiplying the weight of a dog subjected to the test by 0.2 was injected, and after 2 hours, blood collection and weight measurement were performed. The heavy water concentration at that time is Cpre, and the weight is Wpost. The body fat percentage was calculated by inserting the obtained numerical values into the following equation.
〔試験例１〕
４歳、オスのチワワ（体重４．５５ｋｇ、体脂肪率３９．３％、Ａ＝９６）に対して、２０５ｋｃａｌ／食餌となる量の試験食を与えた。試験前は体脂肪率３９．３％であったのが、８週間後は３３．４％になった。
[Test Example 1]
A 4-year-old male Chihuahua (body weight 4.55 kg, body fat percentage 39.3%, A = 96) was fed a test meal in an amount of 205 kcal / diet. The body fat percentage was 39.3% before the test, but it was 33.4% after 8 weeks.
〔試験例２〕
３歳、メスのミニチュアダックスフント（体重６．４５ｋｇ、体脂肪率３２．８％、Ａ＝１０３）に対して、３０８ｋｃａｌ／食餌となる量の試験食を与えた。試験前は体脂肪率３２．８％であったのが、８週間後には３０．０％となった。
[Test Example 2]
A 3-year-old female miniature dachshund (body weight 6.45 kg, body fat percentage 32.8%, A = 103) was fed a test meal in an amount of 308 kcal / food. The body fat percentage was 32.8% before the test, but it was 30.0% after 8 weeks.
〔試験例３〕
２歳、メスのヨークシャーテリア（体重３．６５ｋｇ、体脂肪率２８．３％、Ａ＝７８）に対して、１６０ｋｃａｌ／食餌となる量の試験食を与えた。試験前の体脂肪率は２８．３％であったのが、８週間後には２４．１％となった。
[Test Example 3]
A 2-year-old female Yorkshire Terrier (body weight 3.65 kg, body fat percentage 28.3%, A = 78) was fed a test meal in an amount of 160 kcal / food. The body fat percentage before the test was 28.3%, but after 8 weeks it was 24.1%.
いずれの犬についても、８週間の食餌管理によって体脂肪率の減少が見られた。３匹の犬いずれも特定疾患は発病していなかったものの、体脂肪率が３５％未満に減少又は維持されることにより、前述した特定疾患への罹患リスクが低減したといえる。 In all dogs, a reduction in body fat percentage was observed with dietary management for 8 weeks. Although none of the three dogs had a specific disease, it can be said that the risk of suffering from the specific disease described above was reduced by reducing or maintaining the body fat percentage to less than 35%.
Claims (4)
発症リスクが高いと判断された未病の犬に対して、体脂肪率が３５％未満となる処置を施すか、又は発症リスクが低いと判断された体脂肪率が３５％未満である犬に対して、体脂肪率を３５％未満に維持する処置を施し、
前記処置が食餌のカロリー量を制御することを含む食餌管理であり、
前記食餌管理が、対象となる犬の体重と体脂肪率を以下の式（１）に代入することにより算出された第１の適正給与カロリーに従って食餌を与える第１の処置を行い、
一定期間経過後に体脂肪率を測定し、体脂肪率が３５％以上である場合には、第１の処置期間での体脂肪率の減少速度が一定範囲より小さいとき、式（１）のカロリー係数Ａを調整して算出された、第１の適正給与カロリーよりも少ない第２の適正給与カロリーに従って、与える食餌を調整することを含む、犬の腫瘍又は癌の発症リスク低減方法。
For a non-disease dog judged to have a high risk of onset, a treatment with a body fat percentage of less than 35% is performed, or a dog with a body fat percentage of less than 35% judged to have a low risk of development. On the other hand, a treatment for maintaining the body fat percentage below 35% is given,
The treatment is a diet management comprising controlling the amount of calories in the diet;
The diet management performs a first treatment to give food according to the first proper calorie calculated by substituting the weight and body fat percentage of the subject dog into the following formula (1),
When body fat percentage is measured after a certain period of time and the body fat percentage is 35% or more, when the rate of decrease in body fat percentage in the first treatment period is smaller than a certain range, the calorie of formula (1) A method for reducing the risk of developing a tumor or cancer in a dog, comprising adjusting a diet to be fed according to a second appropriate calorie value that is less than the first proper calorie value calculated by adjusting the coefficient A.
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