JP5510723B2 - Stereoscopic image display apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display apparatus and method relates to a stereoscopic image display apparatus and method so as to particularly suppress the occurrence of reverse view phenomenon.

  Recently, research on a stereoscopic image display device that displays a stereoscopic image has been actively conducted. In the method of a stereoscopic image display apparatus referred to as a twin-lens type, in order to selectively give different images to the right eye and the left eye, glasses with different colors and polarizing plates on the left and right, or glasses that are opened and closed at different timings by a shutter Is used. However, since wearing glasses is not preferred, a display capable of displaying a stereoscopic image without wearing glasses is desired.

  The methods that do not use glasses are roughly divided into an auto-stereoscopic method and a multi-view method. Of these, a multi-view type designed so that different parallax images can be seen by preparing a large number of parallax image sources and changing the position of the display and the eyes is an ideal method.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a stereoscopic image display device that displays a stereoscopic image by arranging a display horizontally. In this stereoscopic image display device, a stereoscopic image is displayed using a lenticular plate.

JP 2008-90617 A

  However, the device of Patent Document 1 makes it easy to observe a stereoscopic image when the user views the image from the front of the display. However, when viewing from an oblique direction, a so-called reverse viewing phenomenon occurs and a good stereoscopic image is observed. It becomes difficult. As a result, it becomes difficult for many users to observe stereoscopic images simultaneously.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and suppresses the occurrence of reverse vision.

One aspect of the invention, (the N 2 or more integer) N having an optical deflection element of different deflection angles have a unit display area consisting of pieces of small regions, P (P is an integer not smaller than 2) Display means having S (S is an integer of 2 or more) projection areas having the unit display areas , arranged horizontally and displaying a stereoscopic image, and the display means from above the display means corresponding to an assumed viewpoint In contrast, a projecting unit configured with S projectors that project an image with the projection region as a unit, a light projecting pixel of the projector, and a changing unit that changes the correspondence between the micro regions , The direction of the deflection angle of the minute region is a virtual line on the outer periphery of the display unit, and is a predetermined line located on a line outside and above the outer peripheral side of the display unit and below the projection unit. N assumed viewpoints of viewing angle It is a three-dimensional image display apparatus that direction.

The changing unit refers to a mapping table and changes the correspondence relationship. The mapping table emits the light emitting pixel, receives the emitted light, and the issued light emitting pixel. It is possible to make it a table created by associating .

The optical deflection element may be constituted by a holographic optical element.

The mapping table is a table for changing the image data supply destination from the light projection pixel that should originally be supplied to the light emission pixel that actually corresponds to the minute area that corresponds to the light projection pixel that should be originally supplied. it can be in a certain way.

The unit display area may be a hexagon.

The stereoscopic image display method according to one aspect of the present invention is a method corresponding to the above-described stereoscopic image display apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention.

In one aspect of the present invention, the display means, N having an optical deflection element of a different deflection angles respectively (N is an integer of 2 or more) have a unit display area consisting of pieces of small regions, P (P is 2 or more (S is an integer greater than or equal to 2) unit display areas, and S (S is an integer of 2 or more) projection areas are arranged horizontally and display a stereoscopic image. The projecting means is composed of S projectors that project an image in units of projection areas onto the display means from above the display means corresponding to the assumed viewpoint . The changing unit changes the correspondence relationship between the light projection pixels of the projector and the minute area. The direction of the deflection angle of the minute region is a virtual line on the outer periphery of the display means, and is a predetermined viewing angle located on a line outside and above the outer peripheral side of the display means and below the projection means, Orient N assumed viewpoints.

  As described above, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a stereoscopic image display apparatus that suppresses the occurrence of reverse vision.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the external appearance of one Embodiment of the optical part of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the plane of one Embodiment of the optical part of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the plane of one embodiment of a screen. It is a top view which shows the projection area | region of one Embodiment of a screen. It is a top view which shows the unit display area of one embodiment of a screen. It is a perspective view which shows the advancing direction of the light of the display image from a micro area | region. It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure of one Embodiment of a three-dimensional image display apparatus. It is a figure which shows the example of a mapping table. It is a figure explaining the correspondence of a light projection pixel and a micro area | region. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a mapping table production apparatus. It is a flowchart explaining a mapping table creation process. It is a flowchart explaining a stereo image display process. It is a figure which shows the structure of one Embodiment of a screen manufacturing apparatus. It is a flowchart explaining an exposure process. It is a perspective view explaining the light irradiated to a micro area | region. It is a perspective view explaining the light irradiated to a micro area | region. It is a figure which shows the structure of a screen manufacturing apparatus. It is a figure explaining collective exposure. It is a figure which shows the shape of a unit display area. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the external appearance of other embodiment of the optical part of this invention.

  [Configuration of optical unit of stereoscopic image display apparatus]

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of an optical unit 1 according to an embodiment. As shown in the figure, the optical unit 1 of the stereoscopic image display apparatus 101 (which will be described later with reference to FIG. 7) includes a base 11, a screen 12, and a board 14.

  A screen 12 is attached to the base 11. The base 11 is arranged so that the screen 12 is horizontal. The screen 12 has S projection areas 13 (S = s × t = 8 × 8 in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 1). The projection area 13 is an area where an image is projected by one projector 15. A board 14 is disposed above the screen 12 as display means. This board 14 is provided with S projectors 15 (S = s × t = 8 × 8 in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 1), and each projector 15 has an image in the projection area 13 at a corresponding position. Project. In FIG. 1, only two projectors 15 as projection means are shown in order to avoid complication of the drawing.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a planar configuration of the optical unit 1 according to the embodiment. As shown in the figure, on the outer periphery of the screen 12, a transparent member 16 made of a synthetic resin such as glass or acrylic is provided between the base 11 and the board 14 as necessary. The user looks at the screen 12 as if looking down from an oblique direction rather than from the front.

  A line L in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a virtual line where the assumed viewpoint 171 is located. This line L is located outside and above the outer peripheral side of the screen 12 and below the projector 15. The screen 12 is designed so that the assumed viewpoint 171 of the user observing the screen 12 is positioned on the line L. In the case of this embodiment, the line L is assumed to be outside the projection region 13 of the screen 12 by a distance of 300 mm from the screen 12. Therefore, the line L has a long side length of 1.92 m and a short side length of 1.08 m, and forms a rectangle having a length of one circle of 6 m (= (1.92 + 1.08) × 2).

  If it is assumed that 100 parallaxes are arranged on the line L of 6 m, the distance between adjacent parallaxes is 60 mm (= 6000/100). The distance between the pupils of the human eye is about 54 to 66 mm. Therefore, by assuming 100 assumed viewpoints 171 on the line L, the stereoscopic image display apparatus 101 that allows 50 users to observe a stereoscopic image can be realized.

  The board 14 to which the projector 15 is attached is arranged sufficiently spaced from the screen 12 so that the user can observe the entire screen 12 from the assumed viewpoint 171 located in the oblique direction of the screen 12. .

[Screen structure]

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a planar configuration of an embodiment of the screen 12. As shown in the figure, the screen 12 has a horizontal length of 1536 mm and a vertical length of 864 mm. The number of dots for displaying the image on the screen 12 is 1920 × 8 dots in the horizontal direction and 1080 × 8 dots in the vertical direction.

  FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the projection region 13 according to the embodiment of the screen 12. The projection area 13 is a range in which an image is projected by one projector 15 and has a horizontal length of 192 mm and a vertical length of 108 mm. The number of dots for displaying the image of the projection area 13 is 1920 dots in the horizontal direction and 1080 dots in the vertical direction. The projection area 13 is composed of P unit display areas 21 (P = p * q = 192 * 108 in the embodiment of FIG. 4).

  FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the unit display area 21 according to the embodiment of the screen 12. The unit display area 21 has a horizontal length of 1 mm and a vertical length of 1 mm. The number of dots for displaying the image in the unit display area 21 is 10 dots in the horizontal direction and 10 dots in the vertical direction. The unit display area 21 is composed of N small areas 31 (N is an integer of 2 or more, and N = n × m = 10 × 10 in the embodiment of FIG. 5). In each minute region 31, optical deflection elements having different deflection angles are formed.

[Direction of light in the display image from a small area]

  FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the light traveling direction of the display image from the minute region 31. When the image light is projected from the projector 15, the minute region 31 of the unit display region 21 emits diffracted light in the direction of the deflection angle as shown in FIG. 6A. The user visually recognizes an image from the diffracted light. The deflection angle differs for each minute region 31. FIG. 6B schematically shows how diffracted light is emitted. As shown in FIG. 6, the diffracted light is emitted not in the front direction of the screen 12 but in an oblique direction.

  The direction of the deflection angle of the minute region 31 is designed on the assumption that the assumed viewpoint 171 of the user who observes the image is located on the virtual line L on the outer periphery of the screen 12. That is, N assumed viewpoints with a predetermined viewing angle (100 in this embodiment) are directed on the line L. In the case of designing with the parameters shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, there are assumed viewpoints 171 on the line L at intervals of about 60 mm. This interval substantially coincides with the interval between the left eye and the right eye that form a pair of users, and a stereoscopic image can be observed by viewing images of different assumed viewpoints 171 adjacent to the left eye and the right eye from any position. Here, an example is shown in which the assumed viewpoint 171 is designed to have an interval of 60 mm. However, the interval of the assumed viewpoint 171 is preferably smaller than the interval between the left and right eyes of a human. As the interval between the assumed viewpoints 171 is shorter, that is, as the number of the assumed viewpoints 171 is larger, a natural stereoscopic image can be provided to the user who observes while moving.

The deflection angle of each minute region 31 is in the range of 19.8 degrees to 81.4 degrees as represented by the following equation.
19.8 degrees = arctan (108/300) (1)
81.4 degrees = arctan (√ ((1536 + 192) ² + (864 + 108) ² ) / 300) (2)

Expression (1) corresponds to the case of the angle θ _{1 in} FIG. 1, and Expression (2) corresponds to the case of the angle θ ₂ . In the case of the angle θ _1, the distance from the minute region 31 to the assumed viewpoint 171 is the longest. On the other hand, the angle θ _{2 is} the case where the distance from the minute region 31 to the assumed viewpoint 171 is the shortest.

[Functional configuration of stereoscopic image display device]

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of an embodiment of the stereoscopic image display apparatus 101. The stereoscopic image display apparatus 101 includes an image data output unit 111, a change unit 112, a mapping table 113, and the optical unit 1. As described above, the optical unit 1 includes the projectors 15-1 to 15-64 and the screen 12. In addition, when it is not necessary to individually distinguish the 64 projectors 15-1 to 15-64, they are simply referred to as projectors 15.

  The image data output unit 111 outputs image data. This image data is image data of a stereoscopic image, and is acquired by receiving a broadcast, acquiring it via a network, or reproducing a recording medium. The image data output by the image data output unit 111 is 1920 × 8 dots in the horizontal direction and 1080 × 8 dots in the vertical direction.

One projector 15 projects light having 1920 dots in the horizontal direction and 1080 dots in the vertical direction. The unit display area 21 composed of 10 × 10 minute units 31 displays one pixel of a stereoscopic image in one unit display area 21.

The mapping table 113 stores a correspondence relationship between the light projection pixels 163 of the projector 15 (described later with reference to FIG. 9) and the micro area 31. The changing unit 112 as changing means changes the correspondence between the projection pixel 163 of the projector 15 and the minute region 31 based on the correspondence stored in the mapping table 113.

  Each projector 15 projects light onto the screen 12 in accordance with the image data input from the changing unit 112. Since an image of 1920 × 1080 dots is projected by one projector 15 and 8 × 8 projectors 15 are provided on the screen 12, an image of (1920 × 8) × (1080 × 8) dots as a whole. Is projected.

  However, the 10 × 10 minute areas 31 constituting one unit display area 21 project images onto different assumed viewpoints 171. Accordingly, the image observed at each assumed viewpoint 171 is an image having a horizontal direction of 192 × 8 dots and a vertical direction of 108 × 8 dots.

[Mapping table]

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the mapping table 113. As shown in FIG. 8, the mapping table 113 stores a correspondence relationship between the projection pixel 163 and the minute region 31. In this example, the light projection pixels 163 of numbers 1 to 3 and 6 are associated with the minute regions 31 of numbers 1 to 3 and 6, but the light projection pixels of numbers 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 are used. 163 is associated with the minute regions 31 of numbers 5, 4, 8, 9, and 7. In this case, the changing unit 112 supplies the pixel data to be supplied to the projection pixels 163 having the numbers 1 to 3 and 6 to the projection pixels 163 having the numbers 1 to 3 and 6 as they are. However, the changing unit 112 changes the supply destination of the pixel data that should have been supplied to the projection pixels 163 of numbers 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Pixel data that should have been supplied to the projection pixels 163 of the numbers 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 are supplied to the projection pixels 163 of the numbers 5, 4, 8, 9, 7.

[Correspondence relationship between projection pixel and micro area]

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a correspondence relationship between the projection pixel 163 and the minute region 31. One unit projection pixel 162 of the projector 15 is configured by 8 × 8 projection pixels 163, and one unit display area 21 of the screen 12 is configured by 8 × 8 minute areas 31. Yes. Originally, light from one projection pixel 163 of one unit projection pixel 162 is projected to one minute area 31 of one unit display area 21 at a corresponding position. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, one light projection pixel 163ij of one unit light projection pixel 162 of one projector 15 and one minute area 31ij of one unit display area 21 of the screen 12 Shall correspond. Similarly, it is assumed that the projection pixel 163mn corresponds to the minute region 31mn. In this case, originally, the light from the projection pixel 163ij is projected onto the minute region 31ij, and the light from the projection pixel 163mn is projected onto the minute region 31mn.

However, as shown in FIG. 1, since the projector 15 and the screen 12 are separated by a considerable distance, it is difficult to assemble them by accurately adjusting their positions. As a result, for example, light from the projection pixel 163kl may be projected onto the minute region 31ij, and light from the projection pixel 163ij may be projected onto the minute region 31mn. In such a case, the changing unit 112 changes the pixel data supply destination as follows. In other words, pixel data that should originally be supplied to the projection pixel 163ij is supplied to the projection pixel 163kl, and pixel data that should be supplied to the projection pixel 163mn is supplied to the projection pixel 163ij. This eliminates the need for precise adjustment of the projector 15 and the screen 12 and facilitates assembly.

[Mapping table creation device]

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the video camera 161 is arranged at the assumed viewpoint 171 on the virtual line L of the assembled optical unit 1, and the correspondence relationship between the projection pixel 163 and the minute region 31 is examined in advance. .

  FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the mapping table creation device 181. As shown in FIG. The mapping table creation device 181 includes a control unit 191 and a storage unit 192 in addition to the projector 15, the screen 12, the video camera 161, and the mapping table 113.

  The control unit 191 controls the projector 15 to project light onto the screen 12 for each light projection pixel 163. The video camera 161 is disposed at a predetermined assumed viewpoint 171 and images the screen 12. The storage unit 161 detects a minute region 31 that has received light from one light projecting pixel 163 from an image captured by the video camera 161, and the projector 15 performs projection so that the control unit 191 performs projection. Corresponding to the pixel 163. The storage unit 192 stores the associated minute area 31 and the projection pixel 163 in the mapping table 113.

[Mapping table creation device]

FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the mapping table creation process. Next, the mapping table creation process will be described with reference to FIG.

  In step S <b> 11, the control unit 191 controls the projector 15 to cause one projection pixel 163 to emit light. That is, a test image for displaying the projection pixels 163 individually one by one is displayed. Accordingly, one projector 15 is selected, one unit projection pixel 162 of the projector 15 is selected, one projection pixel 163 among the unit projection pixels 162 is selected, and the projection is performed. The light pixel 163 emits light. In step S <b> 12, one minute region 31 receives light from one light projecting pixel 163.

  In step S <b> 13, the video camera 161 images the screen 12. The video camera 161 is disposed on a predetermined assumed viewpoint 171 and can capture only light from the minute region 31 corresponding to the assumed viewpoint 171. That is, since one assumed viewpoint 171 is located in the direction of the deflection angle of one minute area 31, the assumed viewpoint 171 corresponds to the minute area 31. When the video camera 161 cannot capture an image from the corresponding minute region 31 at a predetermined assumed viewpoint 171, the video camera 161 is moved to another assumed viewpoint 171. The minute area 31 corresponding to the assumed viewpoint 171 where the test image can be captured by the video camera 161 actually corresponds to the light projecting pixel 163 that is currently projecting the test image.

For example, in FIG. 9, only the video camera 161 positioned in the direction of the deflection angle of the minute region 31ij can capture a test image from the minute region 31ij. By capturing a test image of the minute area 31ij at the assumed viewpoint 171 where the video camera 161 is located, the minute area 31 can be specified. At this time, the projection pixel 163 projecting the test image is originally the projection pixel 163kl, not the projection pixel 163ij corresponding to the minute area 31ij, and thus the projection pixel 163kl and the minute area 31ij are Correspond. Similarly, it is assumed that the video camera 161 is placed on the assumed viewpoint 171 where the test image from the minute region 31mn can be captured and the image is captured. At this time, the light projecting pixel 163 is not the light projecting pixel 163mn corresponding to the minute region 31mn but the light projecting pixel 163ij, and thus the light projecting pixel 163ij and the minute region 31mn correspond to each other.

In step S <b> 14, the storage unit 192 stores the projection pixel 163 and the minute region 31 in the mapping table 113 in association with each other. In step S15, the control unit 191 determines whether all the light projection pixels 163 have been selected. If not all the projection pixels 163 have been selected, the process returns to step S11. Therefore, a new light projection pixel 163 is selected, and the same processing is repeated.

  Until it determines with all the light projection pixels 163 having been selected in step S15, the process of step S11 thru | or step S14 is repeated. If it is determined that all the projection pixels 163 have been selected, the process ends.

  The stereoscopic image display process is executed as follows using the mapping table created as described above.

[Stereoscopic image display processing]

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating the stereoscopic image display process. Hereinafter, the operation of the stereoscopic image display apparatus 101 of FIG. 7 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In step S31, the image data output unit 111 outputs image data of a stereoscopic image. In step S <b> 32, the changing unit 112 changes the correspondence relationship between the projection pixel 163 and the minute region 31 based on the storage of the mapping table 113. That is, the pixel data supply destination is changed from the light projection pixel 163 that should be originally supplied to the light projection pixel 163 that actually corresponds to the minute area that corresponds to the light projection pixel 163 that should be originally supplied.

  In step S <b> 33, the projector 15 projects image light based on the input pixel data onto the screen 12. In step S34, the screen 12 displays a stereoscopic image toward the assumed viewpoint. That is, the diffracted light from each minute region 31 is directed to the corresponding assumed viewpoint 171 and a stereoscopic image is observed at the assumed viewpoint 171.

  In this way, a stereoscopic image can be displayed from the screen 12 at each assumed viewpoint 171. This stereoscopic image can be an image as when watching a soccer game in a stadium, for example. Even if you are watching the same soccer game, the images you see vary depending on the seats in the stadium. Also in this stereoscopic image display apparatus 101, different images are displayed at each of the 100 assumed viewpoints 171.

Such an image can be obtained, for example, by placing a video camera at the position of 100 different seats in the stadium and shooting a soccer game. Each video camera shoots to look down on the stadium at any angle depending on the shooting position in the range of 19.8 to 81.4 degrees.

Data of pixels constituting an image of one frame shot by one video camera is supplied to one of the 8 × 8 projectors 15 according to the position in the frame. Each projector 15 is supplied with pixel data constituting a part of the frame. Each projector 15 distributes each of the supplied pixel data one by one to the unit projection area 162 according to the prospective angle. In each unit light projection area 162, one distributed pixel data is supplied to one of 10 × 10 light projection pixels 163. One of them is a projection pixel 163 that is associated by the mapping table 113 with the minute region 31 corresponding to the assumed viewpoint 171 corresponding to the video camera.

  The projection pixel 163 to which one pixel data is supplied projects the minute area 31 associated with the mapping table 113. As a result, diffracted light is emitted from the minute region 31 in the direction corresponding to the deflection angle, and an image is displayed at the assumed viewpoint 171 in the direction of the deflection angle.

  Since such processing is performed for each projector 15, each unit projection pixel 162, and each unit display area 21, the entire screen 12 has one frame of 192 × 8 dots in the horizontal direction and 108 × 8 dots in the vertical direction. Are displayed at one assumed viewpoint 171. As a matter of course, since such processing is performed for each frame, a moving image captured by the corresponding video camera is displayed at the assumed viewpoint 171.

  As for image display, there is no distinction between left eye and right eye. Since each assumed viewpoint 171 is about 60 mm apart, the user can see a stereoscopic image by arranging the right eye and the left eye at different assumed viewpoints 171 adjacent to each other.

  Since there are 100 assumed viewpoints 171, the user can continuously observe images from different assumed viewpoints 171 even if the user freely moves the outer periphery of the screen 12. In addition, a plurality of users can simultaneously observe a stereoscopic image. Since it is necessary to consider the size of the face and body, it is difficult to simultaneously arrange 50 users on the outer periphery of the screen 12. However, it is possible to arrange at least 20 users simultaneously.

As described above, the direction of the deflection angle of the minute region 31 is a virtual line on the outer periphery of the screen 12, and is positioned on the line L on the outer side and the upper side of the outer periphery of the screen 12 and below the projector 15. An assumed viewpoint 171 having a predetermined viewing angle is directed. Accordingly, a large number of assumed viewpoints 171 can be arranged in the oblique direction of the screen 12, and the occurrence of reverse viewing can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to display a stereoscopic image to many users.

[Configuration 1 of Screen Manufacturing Apparatus]

  FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of the screen manufacturing apparatus 301. The screen manufacturing apparatus 301 includes a laser 310, a shutter 311, a drive unit 312, a half-wave plate 313, a polarization beam splitter 314, a mirror 315, a half-wave plate 316, an optical deflection device 317, a drive unit 318, and a control unit 319. , A telecentric fθ lens 320, a small angle diffuser plate 321, a lens 323, a diaphragm 324, a driving unit 325, a condenser lens system 326, a moving unit 327, and mirrors 328, 329, and 330.

  The laser 310 as the local exposure light emitting means emits laser light having a single wavelength and high coherence. For example, a continuous-wave or pulse-oscillated semiconductor-excited second harmonic laser having a wavelength of 532 nm can be used. The shutter 311 is driven by the driving unit 312 and allows the light emitted from the laser 310 to pass or is blocked. The half-wave plate 313 rotates the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light incident from the shutter 311. A polarization beam splitter 314 as a dividing unit separates light incident from the half-wave plate 313 into a straight component P wave and a reflected component S wave. By rotating the half-wave plate 313, the ratio of the P wave and the S wave can be adjusted. Here, the P wave is the object light, and the S wave is the reference light. The half-wave plate 313 and the polarization beam splitter 314 can be replaced with a half mirror.

  The object light traveling straight through the polarization beam splitter 314 is reflected by the mirror 315 and is incident on the half-wave plate 316. The half-wave plate 316 returns the plane of polarization of the incident light from the state rotated by the half-wave plate 313. When the half-wave plate 313 and the polarization beam splitter 314 are replaced with a half mirror, the half-wave plate 316 is not necessary.

  For example, an optical deflecting device 317 as a deflecting unit composed of a movable mirror is driven by a driving unit 318, and light incident from a half-wave plate 316 is converted into two axes in a direction parallel to the paper surface and a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Reflects at an arbitrary angle specified by. The drive unit 318 includes a stepping motor, for example, and drives the optical deflection device 317 at an arbitrary angle. A control unit 319 serving as a control unit controls the driving unit 318 to drive the optical deflection device 317 at an arbitrary angle.

  The telecentric fθ lens 320 converts the change in the constant angular velocity by the light deflection device 317 into the change in the constant velocity on the projection surface while maintaining the telecentricity of the light reflected and incident by the light deflection device 317. The light emitted from the telecentric fθ lens 320 is incident on the small angle diffuser plate 321.

The minute angle diffusion plate 321 as the minute diffusion means can control the viewpoint range by changing the degree of diffusion. The small angle diffusion plate 321 is projected on the hologram recording medium 341 by the 4f imaging lens included in the condenser lens system 326. The small-angle diffuser plate 321 is focused on an area of approximately the same size as the reference light side on the hologram recording medium 341 by a condensing lens system 326 disposed at a position close to the hologram recording medium 341.

  The driving unit 322 as the changing unit moves the position of the small angle diffuser plate 321. For example, the small angle diffusion plate 321 is randomly moved every time an element hologram is formed on the hologram recording medium 341. As a result, it is possible to reduce noise localized at infinity when the hologram is observed. A stepping motor can also be used as the driving unit 322.

Further, the minute angle diffusion plate 321 has different diffusion angles depending on the region, and the position of the diffusion angle diffusion plate 321 is moved by the driving unit 322 so that a predetermined region can be selected to obtain a desired diffusion angle. be able to. When the viewpoint range is changed between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the small angle diffuser plate 321 can have different condensing angles in the vertical and horizontal directions. The small angle diffuser plate 321 can be made of a diffractive optical element to generate different diffractions in the circumferential direction and the axial direction.

The lens 323 makes the light from the small angle diffuser plate 321 incident on a condensing lens system 326 as an optical means through a diaphragm 324. A diaphragm 324 serving as an adjusting unit is driven by a driving unit 325, and the size of the opening is appropriately adjusted. Thereby, unnecessary diffracted light can be cut and an appropriate viewing angle can be obtained. The portion through which the lens system passes is changed in each element hologram, but by changing the aperture of the diaphragm 324, every time an element hologram is formed on the hologram recording medium 341, it is changed to an appropriate diaphragm according to the polarization angle in advance. You may do it. Thereby, not only the viewing angle control but also the brightness can be made uniform.

A condensing lens system 326 serving as a first optical unit that irradiates one surface of the hologram recording medium 341 as a first optical means is a lens in the vicinity of the hologram recording medium 341 without passing air through the hologram recording medium 341. Close shape. Thereby, the screen 12 having a large deflection angle can be manufactured. The relative movement of the hologram recording medium 341 while bringing the lens member into close contact with the hologram recording medium 341 without air is realized by filling a so-called index matching liquid, gel, or the like having a close optical refractive index. be able to.

For example, the moving unit 327 as a recording medium moving unit configured by a stepping motor is configured so that the hologram recording medium 341 is relative to the condensing lens system 326 in a plane that is kind to the optical axis of the condensing lens system 326. Move on. Thereby, the exposure position can be changed sequentially.

The reference light separated by the polarization beam splitter 314 is sequentially reflected by mirrors 328, 329, and 330 as second optical means, and the position where the object light is incident perpendicularly to the opposite surface of the hologram recording medium 341 Is incident at the same position.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the light deflection device 317 is inserted only on the object light side, but the light deflection device may be inserted on the reference light side and controlled independently. In this case, even when the projection optical system of the projector to be finally used is not parallel light, it is possible to produce a screen that compensates for it.

[Exposure processing]

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining the exposure process. Hereinafter, the exposure process will be described with reference to FIG.

In step S51, the moving unit 327 places the hologram recording medium 341 at the initial position. In step S52, the moving unit 327 selects one element hologram. That is, the moving unit 327 selects one minute area 31 to be exposed on the hologram recording medium 341, and the minute area 31 moves to a position where the object light and the reference light are irradiated.

In step S <b> 53, the control unit 319 controls the driving unit 318 to set the angle of the light deflection device 317. That is, an angle corresponding to the deflection angle formed in the minute region 31 to be exposed is set.

In step S54, the driving unit 312 drives the shutter 311 and opens the shutter 311 for a predetermined time. As a result, the light emitted from the laser 310 enters the polarization beam splitter 314 via the half-wave plate 313 and is separated into object light and reference light.

The object light is reflected by the mirror 315, the polarization plane is returned to the original by the half-wave plate 316, and then enters the light deflection device 317. The light reflected by the light deflection device 317 at a predetermined angle is incident on the small angle diffuser plate 321 via the telecentric fθ lens 320. The light diffused by the minute angle diffusion plate 321 is irradiated on the currently selected minute region 31 of the hologram recording medium 341 by the condenser lens system 326 after the beam diameter is limited by the diaphragm 324.

  The reference light separated by the polarization beam splitter 314 is sequentially reflected by the mirrors 328, 329, and 330, and irradiated from the opposite side to the minute region 31 that is currently selected on the hologram recording medium 341. As a result, the currently selected minute region 31 is exposed, and a holographic optical element serving as an optical deflection element having a deflection angle set by the optical deflection device 317 is formed there.

  FIG. 15 is a perspective view for explaining light irradiating the minute region 31. In FIG. 15, the reference light 351 is incident on the minute region 31 perpendicularly from the bottom, and the object light 352 is incident at a predetermined deflection angle from the top. 15A shows the case where the deflection angle of the object beam 352 is the largest, FIG. 15B shows the case where the deflection angle is smaller than that, and FIG. 15C shows the case where the deflection angle is the smallest. By setting the angle of the light deflection device 317 in step S53, the incident angle of the object light 352, that is, the deflection angle of the minute region 31 is determined. In this case, for example, the object light 352 is incident at an incident angle as shown in FIG. 15A.

  FIG. 16 is a perspective view for explaining light irradiating the minute region 31. 16A, 16B, and 16C, it can be seen that the deflection angle of the object beam 352 changes according to the exposure position, as in FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C.

  In step S55, the moving unit 327 moves the hologram recording medium 341. That is, the hologram recording medium 341 is moved by, for example, 0.1 mm so that the next minute area 31 to be exposed is arranged at the light irradiation position.

  In step S56, the driving unit 322 moves the small angle diffuser plate 321 at random in order to reduce noise localized at infinity when the hologram is observed. In step S57, the moving unit 327 waits for the vibration of the hologram recording medium 341 to be attenuated.

  In step S58, the moving unit 327 determines whether exposure of all element holograms has been completed. If exposure of all element holograms has not been completed yet, the process returns to step S52 and the subsequent processes are repeated. When exposure of all the element holograms is completed, post-processing is performed in step S59, and the exposure process ends. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 15B and 15C and FIGS. 16B and 16C, the object light 352 is incident on the minute regions 31 at different incident angles, and deflection optical elements having different deflection angles are formed. As described above, the hologram recording medium 341 is formed as the screen 12.

[Configuration 2 of screen manufacturing apparatus]

  FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the screen manufacturing apparatus 401. The screen manufacturing apparatus 401 manufactures a screen 12 that displays a color stereoscopic image. For this reason, the screen manufacturing apparatus 401 is provided with a laser 311R that emits red laser light, a laser 311G that emits green laser light, and a laser 311B that emits blue laser light. Similarly, the shutter 312 is provided with a shutter 312R for red laser light, a shutter 312G for green laser light, and a shutter 312B for blue laser light. Further, a half mirror 371R for red laser light, a half mirror 371G for green laser light, and a half mirror 371B for blue laser light are provided as the half mirror 371 for separating the object light and the reference light.

  The red laser light emitted from the laser 311R enters the half mirror 371R via the shutter 312R, and is separated into object light and reference light. The green laser light emitted from the laser 311G enters the half mirror 371G via the shutter 312G and is separated into object light and reference light. The blue laser light emitted from the laser 311B enters the half mirror 371B via the shutter 312B, and is separated into object light and reference light.

  The red laser light as the object light is reflected by the mirror 315, enters the combining prism 372G, and is combined with the green laser light as the object light. The combined laser beam of red and green is incident on the combining prism 372B, and is combined with the blue laser beam as the object beam. The combined laser light of red, green, and blue as the object light is incident on the light deflection device 317, and hereinafter, as in the case of FIG. 13, the telecentric fθ lens 320, the minute angle diffuser plate 321, the lens 323, the diaphragm 324 is incident on the hologram recording medium 341 via the condenser lens system 326.

  The red laser light as the reference light separated by the half mirror 371R is reflected by the mirror 328, enters the combining prism 373G, and is combined with the green laser light as the reference light. The combined laser light of red and green is incident on the combining prism 373B and is combined with the blue laser light as the reference light. The combined laser light of red, green, and blue as reference light is incident on the hologram recording medium 341 via mirrors 329 and 330. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG.

  In the screen manufacturing apparatus 401, the laser beams of the respective colors may be combined and exposed simultaneously, or the respective colors may be exposed sequentially. In addition, the micro area 31 dedicated to each color can be formed in accordance with the color pixel array of the projector 15 to be combined. In this case, the hologram recording medium 341 can be relatively moved every time the pixels of each color are shifted by alignment or each color is exposed.

  The other operations of the screen manufacturing apparatus 401 are the same as those of the screen manufacturing apparatus 301 of FIG.

  In the screen manufacturing apparatus 401 shown in FIG. 17, a combination of the half-wave plate 313 and the polarization beam splitter 314 can be used instead of the half mirrors 371R, 371G, and 371B as in the case shown in FIG. In this case, the combination is arranged in the path of the laser beam of each color.

[Batch exposure]

  A large number of screens 12 can be manufactured from the hologram recording medium 341 on which the optical deflection element is formed as described above as follows.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining batch exposure. When a large number of screens 12 are manufactured from the exposed hologram recording medium 341, an unexposed holographic photosensitive member 391 is in close contact with the exposed hologram recording medium 341, as shown in FIG. Then, parallel light is emitted from a laser 511 serving as a whole-surface exposure light emitting means using a collimator optical system (not shown), and is irradiated onto an unexposed holographic photosensitive member 391 that is in close contact with a hologram recording medium 341 as a master. As a result, the optical deflection element of the hologram recording medium 341 as a master is transferred to the holographic photosensitive member 391. In this way, a large number of screens 12 can be manufactured.

  [Modification]

  In the above description, the shape formed by the line L where the assumed viewpoint 171 is located is a rectangle, but may be a circle or an ellipse. For example, a video camera is placed on the beam between the first and second floors of a soccer stadium that has a circular or elliptical shape when viewed from above. Can be obtained. It is preferable that the shape formed by the line L through which the assumed viewpoint passes is similar to the shape formed by the line through the installation position of the video camera. Therefore, when displaying a stereoscopic image captured at such a stadium, the shape formed by the line L is preferably a circle or an ellipse.

  In such a case, since the deflection angle in each unit display area 21 is set in the direction corresponding to the installation position of the video camera, the screen 12 is designed so that the unit display area 21 is also circular or oval. easy. When the unit display area 21 is rectangular, the deflection angle is designed using the xy coordinate system. However, when the unit display area 21 is formed in a circle or an ellipse, the deflection angle can be designed using the polar coordinate system. it can.

However, if the unit display area 21 is circular or oval, a gap is formed between the unit display areas 21 adjacent to each other when the plurality of unit display areas 21 are arranged on a plane. Therefore, the unit display area 21 can be formed in a hexagon. In this way, when the plurality of unit display areas 21 are arranged on a plane, it is possible to prevent a gap from being formed between the unit display areas 21 adjacent to each other.

  FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the shape of the unit display area 21. In the example of FIG. 19A, the unit display area 21 is a regular hexagon. In the example of FIG. 19B, the unit display area 21 is a slightly flat hexagon. In any case, the plurality of unit display areas 21 are formed so as to form a honeycomb structure with no gap. Since a regular hexagon is a shape closer to a circle than a rectangle, when the shape formed by the line L is a circle, the shape of the unit display area 21 can be formed as a regular hexagon as shown in FIG. 19A. The slightly flat hexagon is closer to an ellipse than a rectangle. Therefore, when the shape formed by the line L is an ellipse, the shape of the unit display region 21 can be formed into a slightly flat hexagon as shown in FIG. 19B.

  FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the appearance of another embodiment of the optical unit 1 of the present invention.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the optical unit 1 is placed on a floor or the like and can be observed from four directions on the outer periphery thereof. On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the optical unit 1 has one side surface attached to the wall 611. Therefore, the line L is assumed only along the outer periphery in three directions excluding the direction of the wall 611, and the assumed viewpoint 171 is assumed so that the user can observe a stereoscopic image from the three directions.

  In the present specification, the step of describing the program recorded on the recording medium is not limited to the processing performed in chronological order according to the order, but is not necessarily performed in chronological order, either in parallel or individually. This includes processing to be executed.

  The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Optical part, 12 screens, 13 projection area | regions, 15 projector, 21 unit display area | region, 31 micro area | region, 101 stereoscopic image display apparatus, 112 change part, 113 mapping table, 161 video camera, 162 unit light projection pixel, 163 light projection Pixel

Claims (6)

(The N 2 or more integer) N having an optical deflection element of different deflection angles have a unit display area consisting of pieces of small regions, P (P is an integer of 2 or more) projection having a number of the unit display region of Display means having S areas (S is an integer of 2 or more) , arranged horizontally, and displaying a stereoscopic image;
Projection means composed of S projectors that project an image with the projection area as a unit from the upper part of the display means corresponding to an assumed viewpoint to the display means ;
A light projecting pixel of the projector, and changing means for changing a correspondence relationship between the minute regions ,
The direction of the deflection angle of the minute region is a virtual line on the outer periphery of the display unit, and is a predetermined line located on a line outside and above the outer peripheral side of the display unit and below the projection unit. A stereoscopic image display device that directs the N assumed viewpoints at a viewing angle. The changing means refers to a mapping table, changes the correspondence,
2. The stereoscopic image according to claim 1, wherein the mapping table is a table created by causing the projection pixel to emit light and associating the micro area where the emitted light is received with the issued projection pixel. Display device. Wherein the optical deflecting element, the stereoscopic image display apparatus according to comprised claim 1 holographic optical element. The mapping table is a table for changing the image data supply destination from the light projection pixel that should originally be supplied to the light emission pixel that actually corresponds to the minute area that corresponds to the light projection pixel that should be originally supplied. is there
The stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 2 . The stereoscopic image display device according to claim 1, wherein the unit display area is a hexagon. (The N 2 or more integer) N having an optical deflection element of different deflection angles have a unit display area consisting of pieces of small regions, P (P is an integer of 2 or more) projection having a number of the unit display region of It has S areas (S is an integer of 2 or more), is arranged horizontally, and displays a stereoscopic image on a display means.
Projecting with the projection means composed of S projectors for projecting an image with the projection area as a unit from the upper part of the display means corresponding to the assumed viewpoint to the display means ,
Change the correspondence between the light-projecting pixels of the projector and the minute area
Including steps,
The direction of the deflection angle of the minute region is a virtual line on the outer periphery of the display unit, and is a predetermined line located on a line outside and above the outer peripheral side of the display unit and below the projection unit. A stereoscopic image display method for directing the N assumed viewpoints at a viewing angle.

Images