JP5498804B2 - How to dry wood - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、木材の乾燥方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for drying wood.
柱材等の住宅構造用材として、国産材のスギ、ヒノキ等の芯持ち角材の背割り材が使用されてきたが、住宅構造用材の仕様の変化により背割りのない芯持ち角材が使用されることが多くなった。しかし、このような芯持ち角材は、乾燥中に材面割れが生じ易く、背割り材と同様に、施工や旛工後の寸法安定性が悪く、不具合を起こす要因ともなる。そのため、寸法安定性に優れた集成材の使用も増加している。
近年、スギ、ヒノキ芯持ち角材の乾燥中に生じる材面割れを低城する高温乾燥法が開発され普及してきた。この高温乾燥法は、乾燥初期に乾球温度１２０℃の乾燥により、表層にドライングセットを形成することで、材面割れが少なくなるといわれている。高温乾燥法によれば、材面割れが比較的減少するが、十分ではないのが実情である。
As domestic structural materials such as pillar materials, domestically-produced cedar and hinoki core-supported square materials such as cypress have been used. Increased. However, such a cored square member is liable to be cracked during drying, and similarly to the back split material, the dimensional stability after construction and construction is poor, which causes a problem. For this reason, the use of laminated wood having excellent dimensional stability is also increasing.
In recent years, a high-temperature drying method has been developed and spread to prevent cracking of the material surface that occurs during drying of cedar and cypress cored squares. In this high temperature drying method, it is said that the surface cracking is reduced by forming a drying set on the surface layer by drying at a dry bulb temperature of 120 ° C. in the initial stage of drying. According to the high temperature drying method, cracks on the surface of the material are relatively reduced, but it is not sufficient.
また、高温乾燥法は、内部割れが発生しやすいという問題がある。高温乾燥法における内部割れは、材表層が引張りの状態でドライングセットされ、このために材内部が自由に収縮できなくなり、引張り応力が大きくなることにより発生すると考えられている。
また、材面割れは高温乾燥初期において、乾球温度１２０℃の持続時間が十分ではない場合、いわゆるドライングセット形成の層が浅く、まだ引張応力が表層に存在している状態で発生すると考えられている。
そして、材面割れを防ぐため、過剰に乾球温度１２０℃の持続時間を長くすると、ドライングセット形成の層は深くなるが、乾燥速度が速いため、表層のドライングセット層の内側の部分が１２０℃の乾球温度のため、急速に内層の一部に収縮が始まり、この内層の部分が表層のドライングセットに強く拘束され、そのため引張応力が増大して内部割れが起こるといわれている。
Further, the high temperature drying method has a problem that internal cracks are likely to occur. Internal cracks in the high-temperature drying method are considered to occur when the material surface layer is set to be dried in a tensile state, and thus the interior of the material cannot be freely contracted and the tensile stress increases.
In addition, cracking of the material surface is considered to occur in the initial stage of high-temperature drying, when the duration of the dry-bulb temperature of 120 ° C is not sufficient, the so-called drying set formation layer is shallow and tensile stress is still present on the surface layer. ing.
In order to prevent cracking of the material surface, if the duration of the dry bulb temperature of 120 ° C. is excessively increased, the layer of the drying set is deepened, but the drying speed is fast, so that the portion inside the surface of the drying set layer is 120. It is said that due to the dry bulb temperature of 0 ° C., a part of the inner layer starts to shrink rapidly, and the inner layer part is strongly restrained by the surface drying set, so that the tensile stress increases and an internal crack occurs.
このような材面割れや内部割れを軽減する乾燥スケジュールの制御手法として、木材内の温度及び含水率を計測しながら乾燥を進めていく手法（特許文献１参照）が知られている。また、本出願人は、木材の内部に固定した歪み検知手段から得られるデータに基づき乾燥条件を制御しながら乾燥を進めていく手法（特許文献２参照）、及び角材の相隣接する２側面に一対の変位計固定用治具を固定し、一対の前記変位計固定用治具間に固定した変位計により、乾燥中に生じる変位を計測しながら乾燥を進めていく手法（特許文献３参照）等を提案した。 As a drying schedule control method for reducing such material surface cracks and internal cracks, a method of proceeding drying while measuring the temperature and moisture content in the wood (see Patent Document 1) is known. In addition, the applicant of the present invention is a method of proceeding with drying while controlling drying conditions based on data obtained from strain detection means fixed inside the wood (see Patent Document 2), and two adjacent sides of a square bar. A method of advancing drying while fixing a pair of displacement gauge fixing jigs and measuring a displacement generated during drying with a displacement gauge fixed between the pair of displacement gauge fixing jigs (see Patent Document 3) Etc. were proposed.
また、物理的に材面割れ及び／又は内部割れを軽減する人工乾燥方法として、木材の外周を水分透過性の収縮拘束手段で拘束しながら乾燥させる手法（特許文献４参照）や、木材の木口部に穴をあける手法（特許文献５，６参照）が知られている。 Further, as an artificial drying method for physically reducing material surface cracking and / or internal cracking, a technique of drying while constraining the outer periphery of wood with moisture permeable shrinkage restraining means (see Patent Document 4), or a wood mouthpiece A technique (see Patent Documents 5 and 6) for making a hole in a portion is known.
特許文献１〜３の手法によれば、歪み検知手段や、温度及び含水率センサ、変位計等を取り付けた木材については、内部割れや材面割れを効果的に防止することができるが、複数本の木材を乾燥機内に入れて同時に乾燥させる場合には、木材の含水率にばらつきがあることが多く、含水率が異なる複数本の木材のそれぞれについて適切な乾燥制御を行うことは難しく、同時に乾燥する複数本の木材（乾燥材ロット）全体を管理することが困難であった。 According to the methods of Patent Documents 1 to 3, it is possible to effectively prevent internal cracks and material surface cracks for wood with strain detection means, temperature and moisture content sensors, displacement gauges, and the like. When wood is placed in a dryer and dried at the same time, the moisture content of the wood often varies, making it difficult to perform appropriate drying control for each of the multiple woods having different moisture contents. It was difficult to manage the whole of a plurality of wood (drying material lot) to be dried.
また、特許文献４〜６の手法は、ある程度の割れ防止効果は認められるものの、被乾燥木材の外周を取り囲むように収縮拘束手段を装着する作業が煩雑であったり、穴をあける等の処理に追加の専用機械を導入する必要がある等、労力的ないし費用的な負担が大きい。 Moreover, although the method of patent documents 4-6 is recognized to some extent in the crack prevention effect, the operation | work which mounts a shrinkage | contraction restraining means so that the outer periphery of to-be-dried wood may be surrounded is complicated, or processing such as making a hole. It is labor-intensive and costly, such as the need to introduce additional dedicated machines.
従って、本発明の目的は、材面割れ及び／又は内部割れを抑制しつつ、簡便且つ効率的に木材の乾燥を行うことのできる木材の乾燥方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, the objective of this invention is providing the drying method of the timber which can dry a timber simply and efficiently, suppressing a material surface crack and / or an internal crack.
本発明は、木材を人工乾燥によって乾燥させる方法であって、
木材の木口面を、該木材の木口面からの水分の蒸発を軽減可能な遮蔽物で覆った状態で、該木材を、人工乾燥によって乾燥させる木材の乾燥方法であり、
前記人工乾燥は、乾球温度１１０〜１３０℃の高温乾燥工程を有し、
前記遮蔽物が、木材の木口面を覆うように、該木材の木口部に取り付け可能な木口面遮蔽具であり、
前記木口面遮蔽具は、木口面に密着させる遮蔽部と、乾燥させる木材の互いに平行な２側面に当接させる一対の第１突出片を備え、一対の第１突出片は、前記遮蔽部に垂直な突出方向の中央部付近に、両者間の距離Ｗが最も狭くなる部位を有し、該部位における両者間の距離Ｗ１が、乾燥させる木材の前記２側面間の距離Ｗ４より小さく、また、一対の第１突出片は、前記突出方向の先端部における両者間の距離Ｗ３が前記距離Ｗ４より大きく、前記突出方向の基端部における両者間の距離Ｗ２が前記距離Ｗ４と同一又はそれより大きくなっており、
前記木口面遮蔽具は、一対の第１突出片間に木材の木口部が入り込んだ状態となるように該木口部に取り付ける際に、該木口部によって一対の第１突出片間が押し拡げられ、第１突出片の元の状態に戻ろうとする弾性復元力により、該木口面遮蔽具の取り付け状態が安定に維持される、木材の乾燥方法を提供することにより、上記の目的を達成したものである。
The present invention is a method for drying wood by artificial drying,
A method of drying wood, wherein the wood is covered by artificial drying in a state in which the mouth of the wood is covered with a shield capable of reducing evaporation of moisture from the wood mouth .
The artificial drying has a high temperature drying step with a dry bulb temperature of 110 to 130 ° C.,
The shield is a mouthpiece surface shield that can be attached to the end of the wood so as to cover the end of the wood.
The said end cover is provided with the shielding part closely_contact | adhered to the end face, and a pair of 1st protrusion pieces made to contact | abut on the mutually parallel 2 side surface of the timber to dry, and a pair of 1st protrusion piece is said shield part In the vicinity of the central portion in the vertical protruding direction, there is a portion where the distance W between the two is the narrowest, the distance W1 between the two in the portion is smaller than the distance W4 between the two side surfaces of the wood to be dried, In the pair of first projecting pieces, a distance W3 between the two at the distal end in the projecting direction is greater than the distance W4, and a distance W2 between the two at the proximal end in the projecting direction is equal to or greater than the distance W4. And
When attaching the end piece of wood to the end of the wood so that the end of the wood enters between the pair of first protruding pieces, the end of the pair of first protruding pieces is expanded by the end of the mouth. The above object is achieved by providing a method for drying wood in which the attached state of the end face shield is stably maintained by the elastic restoring force to return the first protruding piece to the original state. It is.
本発明の木材の乾燥方法によれば、材面割れ及び／又は内部割れを抑制しつつ、簡便且つ効率的に木材の乾燥を行うことができる。 According to the method for drying wood of the present invention, it is possible to simply and efficiently dry wood while suppressing material surface cracking and / or internal cracking.
以下、本発明をその好ましい実施形態に基づいて説明する。
本発明の木材の乾燥方法の実施には、温度及び湿度を制御可能な乾燥室を備えた乾燥装置を用いることが好ましい。
図１は、斯かる乾燥装置の一例を示すもので、温度及び湿度を制御可能な乾燥室１を備え、該乾燥室１内に収容した木材１０を、該乾燥室１内の温度及び湿度の制御下に乾燥可能である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments thereof.
It is preferable to use the drying apparatus provided with the drying chamber which can control temperature and humidity for implementation of the drying method of the wood of this invention.
FIG. 1 shows an example of such a drying apparatus, which includes a drying chamber 1 capable of controlling the temperature and humidity, and a wood 10 accommodated in the drying chamber 1 having a temperature and humidity in the drying chamber 1. Can be dried under control.
より具体的に説明すると、図１の木材の乾燥装置は、乾燥すべき木材１０を収容する乾燥室１と、乾燥室１内に蒸気を噴射する蒸射機構２と、乾燥室１内の空気を加熱する加熱機構３と、乾燥室内１に外気を導入する給気機構４と、乾燥室内１の空気を外部に排気する排気機構５とを具備している。 More specifically, the wood drying apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a drying chamber 1 that houses the wood 10 to be dried, a vaporization mechanism 2 that injects steam into the drying chamber 1, and the air in the drying chamber 1. A heating mechanism 3 that heats the air, an air supply mechanism 4 that introduces outside air into the drying chamber 1, and an exhaust mechanism 5 that exhausts the air in the drying chamber 1 to the outside.
蒸射機構２は、蒸気発生装置（ボイラー等）２１において発生させた蒸気を、乾燥室１に接続された蒸気導入管２２を介して乾燥室１内に導入するように構成されており、蒸気導入管２２に設けた電磁弁、電動弁等の制御弁２３の開閉等により、乾燥室内への蒸射を制御可能である。加熱機構３は、乾燥室１内に配管した加熱管３１内に熱媒（蒸気）を流通させることにより乾燥室１内の空気を加熱するように構成されており、該熱媒の流通、流量、温度等の制御により、加熱の制御が可能である。給気機構４及び排気機構５は、それぞれ、乾燥室１の内外を連通するダクト４１，５１と該ダクト内に空気流を生じさせるファン（図示せず）とを主体として構成されており、それぞれ、ファンの回転やダクトに設けたダンパー４２，５２の開閉を制御することにより、乾燥室１の吸排気を制御可能である。 The steaming mechanism 2 is configured to introduce steam generated in a steam generating device (boiler or the like) 21 into the drying chamber 1 through a steam introduction pipe 22 connected to the drying chamber 1. Steaming into the drying chamber can be controlled by opening and closing a control valve 23 such as an electromagnetic valve or an electric valve provided in the introduction pipe 22. The heating mechanism 3 is configured to heat the air in the drying chamber 1 by circulating a heating medium (steam) in the heating pipe 31 piped in the drying chamber 1, and the circulation and flow rate of the heating medium. The heating can be controlled by controlling the temperature and the like. The air supply mechanism 4 and the exhaust mechanism 5 are mainly composed of ducts 41 and 51 communicating with the inside and outside of the drying chamber 1 and a fan (not shown) that generates an air flow in the duct, respectively. The intake and exhaust of the drying chamber 1 can be controlled by controlling the rotation of the fan and the opening and closing of the dampers 42 and 52 provided in the duct.
そして、蒸射機構２による蒸射、加熱機構３による加熱、給気機構４による給気、及び排気機構５による排気を、適宜に制御することにより、乾燥室１内の温度及び湿度を所望の温度及び湿度に制御することができるようになっている。
乾燥装置は、乾燥中における木材内部の温度を測定可能な温度測定手段６及び乾燥中における木材内部の含水率を測定可能な含水率測定手段７を具備していても良い。また、温度測定手段６及び含水率測定手段７は、それぞれ木材内部の温度又は含水率を、木材表面からの深さが異なる二箇所以上の部位において測定可能になされていても良い。温度測定手段及び含水率測定手段としては、例えば、特許文献１に記載のもの等を用いることができる。
また、乾燥装置は、木材（角材）１０の相隣接する２側面に一対の変位計固定用治具を固定し、その一対の変位計固定用治具間に固定した変位計により、乾燥中の角材に生じる変位を計測する、変位測定手段を備えていても良い。このような変位測定手段の例は、例えば、特許文献３に記載のもの等を用いることができる。
Then, by appropriately controlling the vaporization by the vaporization mechanism 2, the heating by the heating mechanism 3, the air supply by the air supply mechanism 4, and the exhaust by the exhaust mechanism 5, the temperature and humidity in the drying chamber 1 can be set as desired. The temperature and humidity can be controlled.
The drying apparatus may include a temperature measuring means 6 that can measure the temperature inside the wood during drying and a moisture content measuring means 7 that can measure the moisture content inside the wood during drying. Further, the temperature measuring means 6 and the moisture content measuring means 7 may each be capable of measuring the temperature or moisture content inside the wood at two or more parts having different depths from the wood surface. As the temperature measuring means and the moisture content measuring means, for example, those described in Patent Document 1 can be used.
In addition, the drying device fixes a pair of displacement gauge fixing jigs to two adjacent side surfaces of the wood (corner) 10 and a displacement meter fixed between the pair of displacement gauge fixing jigs is drying. You may provide the displacement measurement means which measures the displacement which arises in a square member. As an example of such displacement measuring means, for example, the one described in Patent Document 3 can be used.
図１に示す乾燥装置は、乾燥室１内に設置された温度及び湿度計（図示せず）に電気的に接続された制御演算部８を備えている。制御演算部８は、パーソナルコンピューターを主体として構成されている。また、演算部８には、温度測定手段６、含水率測定手段７及び図示しない変位測定手段等も電気的に接続されており、該制御演算部８において、所定の演算がなされ、木材内部の温度、含水率及び木材内部に生じた変位量が算出され、それらが、連続的又は所定の間隔で、表示手段９及び／又はプリンター１１’上に出力されるようになっている。制御演算部８は、入力手段１２’から入力された所定の制御スケジュールに従い、乾燥室１内の温度及び湿度を経時的に変化させるようになされており、また、乾燥中に、そのスケジュールに適宜の変更を加えることも可能である。 The drying apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a control calculation unit 8 electrically connected to a temperature and hygrometer (not shown) installed in the drying chamber 1. The control calculation unit 8 is mainly composed of a personal computer. The calculation unit 8 is also electrically connected with a temperature measurement unit 6, a moisture content measurement unit 7, a displacement measurement unit (not shown), and the like. The temperature, the moisture content, and the amount of displacement generated inside the wood are calculated and output on the display means 9 and / or the printer 11 ′ continuously or at predetermined intervals. The control calculation unit 8 is adapted to change the temperature and humidity in the drying chamber 1 over time in accordance with a predetermined control schedule input from the input means 12 ′, and appropriately adjusts the schedule during drying. It is also possible to make changes.
本発明の木材の乾燥方法においては、乾燥すべき木材（被乾燥木材）１０の木口面を遮蔽物で覆い、その状態で、木材の人工乾燥を行う。
人工乾燥は、図１に示す乾燥装置の乾燥室１内のように、少なくとも温度、好ましくは温度又は湿度の両者を制御可能な空間内で、温度又は温度及び湿度の制御下に行う乾燥である。人工乾燥は、（乾球）温度１１０〜１３０℃の高温乾燥工程を具備する（高温乾燥）。
In the method for drying wood according to the present invention, the mouth end surface of the wood to be dried (wood to be dried) 10 is covered with a shielding material, and in this state, the wood is artificially dried.
Artificial drying, as the drying chamber 1 of the drying apparatus shown in FIG. 1, at least the temperature, preferably in the temperature or humidity both capable of controlling the space, is the drying carried out under the control of the temperature or temperature and humidity . Artificial drying comprises a high temperature drying step (high temperature drying) at a ( dry bulb) temperature of 110 to 130 ° C.
被乾燥木材の木口面を覆う遮蔽物は、木材の木口面からの水分の蒸発を軽減し得るものである。軽減には、水分の蒸発速度を遅らせるものも含まれる。 The shielding covering the mouth end of the wood to be dried can reduce the evaporation of moisture from the end face of the wood. Mitigation includes those that slow the rate of water evaporation.
好ましい遮蔽物の一つは、木材の木口面を覆うように、該木材の木口部に取り付け可能な木口面遮蔽具である。
図２及び図３に示す木口面遮蔽具１１は、そのような木口面遮蔽具の一例である。
木口面遮蔽具１１は、図４に示すように、木材１０の木口部１０ｂに脱着自在に取り付け可能であり、該木口部１０ｂに取り付けた状態において、平板状の遮蔽部１２の片面が、該木材１０の木口面１０ａを覆うように構成されている。
木材１０の木口部１０ｂとは、木材１０の長手方向（軸方向）において、木口面１０ａ及びその近傍に位置する部分（例えば木口面１０ａからの距離が１０ｃｍ以内の部分）である。
One of the preferable shields is a mouthpiece surface shield that can be attached to the wood mouth part so as to cover the wood mouth face.
The mouthpiece surface shield 11 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is an example of such a mouthpiece surface shield.
As shown in FIG. 4, the end face shield 11 can be detachably attached to the end portion 10b of the wood 10, and in the state attached to the end portion 10b, one side of the flat shield portion 12 is The wood 10 is configured to cover the end face 10a of the wood 10.
The lip portion 10b of the timber 10 is a portion located in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the timber 10 and the vicinity of the lip surface 10a (for example, a portion within a distance of 10 cm from the lip surface 10a).
図２及び図３に示すように、木口面遮蔽具１１における遮蔽部１２は、略正方形状をなしており、遮蔽部１２の周囲には、４つの突出片１３，１３，１４，１５が設けられている。より具体的には、一対の第１突出片１３，１３が、遮蔽部１２の相対向する２辺に該遮蔽部１２から立ち上がるように設けられており、２つの第２突出片１４，１５が、遮蔽部１２の相対向する他の２辺に該遮蔽部１２から立ち上がるように設けられている。
一対の第１突出片１３，１３は、図３に示すように、その突出方向（遮蔽部１２に垂直な方向）の中央部付近に、両者間の距離Ｗが最も狭くなる部位１３ａ，１３ａを有し、その部位における両者間の距離Ｗ１が、木口面遮蔽具１１を装着する木材１０の互い平行な２側面１０ｃ，１０ｃ間の距離Ｗ４（図４参照）より小さくなっている。他方、第１突出片１３，１３の突出方向の先端部における両者間の距離Ｗ３は、前記距離Ｗ４より大きく、第１突出片１３，１３の突出方向の基端部（遮蔽部１２に隣接する部位）における両者間の距離Ｗ２は、前記距離Ｗ４と同一又はそれより大きくなっている。
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the shielding part 12 in the mouthpiece surface shielding tool 11 has a substantially square shape, and four protruding pieces 13, 13, 14, 15 are provided around the shielding part 12. It has been. More specifically, the pair of first projecting pieces 13 and 13 are provided on two opposite sides of the shielding unit 12 so as to rise from the shielding unit 12, and the two second projecting pieces 14 and 15 are provided. The other two sides of the shield 12 facing each other are provided so as to rise from the shield 12.
As shown in FIG. 3, the pair of first projecting pieces 13, 13 has portions 13 a, 13 a where the distance W between them is the smallest in the vicinity of the center in the projecting direction (direction perpendicular to the shielding unit 12). And the distance W1 between the two at that portion is smaller than the distance W4 (see FIG. 4) between the two parallel side surfaces 10c, 10c of the wood 10 to which the end face shield 11 is attached. On the other hand, the distance W3 between both ends of the first projecting pieces 13 and 13 in the projecting direction is larger than the distance W4 and is adjacent to the shielding end 12 in the projecting direction of the first projecting pieces 13 and 13. The distance W2 between the two in the part) is equal to or greater than the distance W4.
木口面遮蔽具１１は、図４に示すように、一対の第１突出片１３，１３間に木材１０の木口部１０ｂが入り込んだ状態となるように、木材１０の木口部１０ｂに嵌めることにより、該木口部１０ｂに容易に取り付けることができる。このとき、木口面１０ａを遮蔽部１２に突き当てて密着させる。これにより、乾燥中における、木口面１０ａからの水分の蒸発が軽減される。
木口面遮蔽具１１を木材１０を木口部１０ｂに取り付ける際には、一対の第１突出片１３，１３間が押し拡げられる。第１突出片１３，１３は、元の状態に戻ろうとする弾性復元力によって木材１０をその両側から押圧するため、木材１０が乾燥により収縮して前記距離Ｗ４が多少減少しても、その取り付け状態が安定に維持される。
木口面遮蔽具１１においては、一対の第１突出片１３，１３が、木口面遮蔽具を木材の木口部に固定する固定手段である。
As shown in FIG. 4, the end cover 11 is fitted into the end 10 b of the wood 10 so that the end 10 b of the end of the wood 10 enters between the pair of first protruding pieces 13 and 13. , And can be easily attached to the end portion 10b. At this time, the end face 10a is brought into contact with the shielding portion 12 to be brought into close contact therewith. Thereby, evaporation of moisture from the end face 10a during drying is reduced.
When attaching the wood end surface shielding tool 11 to the wood end portion 10b, the space between the pair of first projecting pieces 13 and 13 is expanded. The first projecting pieces 13, 13 press the wood 10 from both sides by the elastic restoring force to return to the original state. Therefore, even if the wood 10 contracts due to drying and the distance W4 is somewhat reduced, the first projecting pieces 13, 13 are attached. The state is kept stable.
In the wooden face shield 11, the pair of first projecting pieces 13 and 13 are fixing means for fixing the wooden face shield to the wooden mouth of the wood.
他方、乾燥後には、木口面遮蔽具１１を引っ張るだけで、該木口面遮蔽具１１を木材１０から容易に取り外すことができる。木口面遮蔽具１１は、耐熱性を有し、繰り返して使用することができることが好ましい。また、木口面遮蔽具１１は、一枚の金属製の板を折り曲げて形成したものであることが好ましいが、一枚の金属板からなる遮蔽部１２に別の金属板を結合させて形成したものであっても良い。
金属板は、安価で、且つ高温高湿下で錆等の腐食が生じにくい、何度でも使用できるステンレス製が好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。
また、木口面遮蔽具１１は、金属以外の材質、例えば耐熱温度の比較的高い樹脂（例えばフェノール樹脂やエポキシ樹脂）や、セラミック等から形成されていても良い。
On the other hand, after drying, it is possible to easily remove the end face shield 11 from the wood 10 simply by pulling the end face shield 11. It is preferable that the end cover 11 has heat resistance and can be used repeatedly. Moreover, it is preferable that the end face shield 11 is formed by bending a single metal plate, but is formed by joining another metal plate to the shielding portion 12 made of a single metal plate. It may be a thing.
The metal plate is preferably made of stainless steel that can be used any number of times and is inexpensive and hardly corrodes under high temperature and high humidity, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the end cover 11 may be made of a material other than metal, for example, a resin having a relatively high heat resistance temperature (for example, phenol resin or epoxy resin), ceramic, or the like.
遮蔽部１２の大きさは、過乾燥を防止する目的から、木口面１０ａの面積以上で、木口面１０ａの全体を覆うことができることが好ましい。例えば、９０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍの乾燥角材を得る場合には、９０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍ以上の大きさを有することが好ましく、１０５ｍｍ×１０５ｍの乾燥角材を得る場合には、１０５ｍｍ×１０５ｍｍ以上の大きさを有することが好ましい。
木口面遮蔽具１１を金属板で形成する場合の該金属板の厚さは、木材の収縮や木材からの蒸気による変形を生じさせない、密着できる厚みを有することが好ましく、例えば０．５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。
For the purpose of preventing overdrying, the size of the shielding part 12 is preferably equal to or larger than the area of the end face 10a and can cover the entire end face 10a. For example, when obtaining a 90 mm × 90 mm dry square, it is preferable to have a size of 90 mm × 90 mm or more, and when obtaining a dry square of 105 mm × 105 m, it may have a size of 105 mm × 105 mm or more. preferable.
The thickness of the metal plate in the case of forming the mouthpiece surface shield 11 with a metal plate is preferably such that the metal plate has a thickness that allows close contact without causing shrinkage of the wood or deformation due to steam from the wood, for example 0.5 mm or more. Preferably there is.
木口面遮蔽具１１の第２突出片１４，１５は、木口面遮蔽具１１の木口部１０ｂからの脱落防止の観点、及び木口面からの水分の抜けをより効果的に軽減する観点から設けられている。
第２突出片１４，１５は、遮蔽部１２からの突出長さＬ４（遮蔽部１２に垂直な方向に測定した突出量，図３参照）が、第１突出片１３，１３の同突出長さＬ３（図３参照）よりも短くなっている。これにより、桟木等を介在させ、木材を多段に積み上げて同時に乾燥する場合における、第２突出片１４，１５と桟木等との干渉を防止することができる。
第１突出片１３，１３の同突出長さＬ３は、例えば、２０〜８０ｍｍとすることが好ましく、３０〜５０ｍｍとすることがより好ましい。
第２突出片１４，１５の突出長さＬ４は、例えば、２〜２０ｍｍとすることが好ましく、３〜１０ｍｍとすることがより好ましい。
The second projecting pieces 14 and 15 of the end face shield 11 are provided from the viewpoint of preventing falling off from the end portion 10b of the end face shield 11, and from the viewpoint of more effectively reducing the escape of moisture from the end face. ing.
The second protruding pieces 14 and 15 have a protruding length L4 from the shielding portion 12 (the protruding amount measured in the direction perpendicular to the shielding portion 12, see FIG. 3), and the protruding length of the first protruding pieces 13 and 13 is the same. It is shorter than L3 (see FIG. 3). This can prevent interference between the second projecting pieces 14 and 15 and the pier when the pier is interposed and the timber is stacked in multiple stages and simultaneously dried.
The protrusion length L3 of the first protrusions 13 and 13 is preferably 20 to 80 mm, and more preferably 30 to 50 mm, for example.
The protruding length L4 of the second protruding pieces 14, 15 is preferably 2 to 20 mm, for example, and more preferably 3 to 10 mm.
図５及び図６に示す木口面遮蔽具１１Ａは、好ましい木口面遮蔽具の他の例である。
木口面遮蔽具１１Ａは、図５に示すように、平板状の遮蔽部１２と、遮蔽部１２の片面に設けられた針１６とを有し、針１６を、木材１０の木口面１０ａに差し込むことにより、木材１０の木口部１０ｂに脱着自在に取り付け可能である。そして、木口部１０ｂに取り付けた状態において、遮蔽部１２が木材１０の木口面１０ａを覆うように構成されている。木口面遮蔽具１１Ａにおいては、針１６が、木口面遮蔽具１１Ａを木材の木口部に固定する固定手段である。
5A and 6B is another example of a preferable front end shield.
As shown in FIG. 5, the end face shield 11 </ b> A has a flat plate-like shielding portion 12 and a needle 16 provided on one side of the shielding portion 12. The needle 16 is inserted into the end face 10 a of the wood 10. Thus, it can be detachably attached to the lip 10b of the wood 10. And in the state attached to the end part 10b, the shielding part 12 is comprised so that the end face 10a of the timber 10 may be covered. In the end face shield 11A, the needle 16 is a fixing means for fixing the end face shield 11A to the end portion of the wood.
図５に示すように、木口面遮蔽具１１Ａにおける遮蔽部１２も略正方形状の平板状をなしている。木口面遮蔽具１１Ａにおける遮蔽部１２の好ましい大きさや厚み、材質等は、上述した木口面遮蔽具１１と同様である。針１６は、金属製が好ましく、例えば金属板からなる遮蔽部１２に溶接等の適宜の手段により固定されている。木口面遮蔽具１１Ａは、遮蔽部１２を手で押すことにより、該遮蔽部１２を木口面１０ａに当接させ得ることが好ましいが、木槌等でたたくことにより、遮蔽部１２を木口面１０ａに当接させ得るものであっても良い。 As shown in FIG. 5, the shielding portion 12 in the end face shielding tool 11 </ b> A also has a substantially square flat plate shape. The preferred size, thickness, material, etc. of the shielding part 12 in the end face shield 11A are the same as those of the end face shield 11 described above. The needle 16 is preferably made of metal, and is fixed to the shielding portion 12 made of, for example, a metal plate by an appropriate means such as welding. Although it is preferable that the shield surface shielding tool 11A can make the shielding portion 12 abut on the mouthpiece surface 10a by pushing the shielding portion 12 by hand, the shielding portion 12 can be brought into contact with the mouthpiece surface 10a by hitting with a mallet or the like. It may be one that can be brought into contact with.
針１６は、その根元（遮蔽部１２に隣接する部位）における直径が０．３〜３．０ｍｍ、特に０．５〜１．５ｍｍであることが好ましく、その長さが１．０〜１０．０ｍｍ、特に２．０〜５．０ｍｍであることが好ましい。
また、図５に示す木口面遮蔽具１１Ａにおいては、遮蔽部１２の４隅部の近傍に針１６が設けられているが、針１６を設ける部位や設ける本数は適宜に変更でき、例えば、遮蔽部１２の、木材の芯部に当接される中央部付近に針１６を設けても良いし、正方形状の遮蔽部１２の４辺それぞれの中央部の近傍に針１６を設けることもできる。
The needle 16 preferably has a diameter of 0.3 to 3.0 mm, particularly 0.5 to 1.5 mm at the root (site adjacent to the shielding part 12), and a length of 1.0 to 10. It is preferably 0 mm, particularly 2.0 to 5.0 mm.
5A, the needles 16 are provided in the vicinity of the four corners of the shielding part 12. However, the portion where the needles 16 are provided and the number of the needles 16 can be appropriately changed. The needle 16 may be provided in the vicinity of the central portion of the portion 12 that is in contact with the core of the wood, or the needle 16 may be provided in the vicinity of the central portion of each of the four sides of the square-shaped shielding portion 12.
通常、天然乾燥を行う場合は、乾燥条件が人工乾燥より厳しい場合があり、損傷は予想以上に多く発生しがちになる。このため、材には、初めに材面や木口面に干割れが生じ、それが伸びて表面割れや材の裂けに発展することが多い。
一方、人工乾燥の場合、温度や、温度及び湿度を任意の条件に設定できるため、天然乾燥に比べて材面割れ、内部割れの発生が少なくなる。そのため、通常は、無垢材の状態で乾燥を開始する。
しかし、人工乾燥と言えども、高温乾燥を用いた場合、材には材面割れや内部割れが多く発生することが度々ある。乾燥材の割れ状況を観察した結果、割れが発生する場合には、両者とも殆どの場合、木口部より割れが開始し、ア）割れが途中で消滅しているケース、イ）割れが大きい場合、割れが材の長手方向の中央部まで伸びているケースなどがあることが判った。
木材の性質として、木材の長手方向（軸方向）が最も水分通導性が大きいことが知られている。人工乾燥の場合、天然乾燥に比べて乾燥温度が高いため、材の両端木口部から先に乾燥し、次第に中央部に向かって乾燥していく。実際に、人工乾燥材の長手方向（軸方向）の含水率分布を調べると、両端木口部が含水率が低く、材中央に向かって含水率が高くなっている。このことから、材の収縮も両端木口部から始まることが予想され、中央部側の材との収縮量差が大きくなったときに、材面や内部に割れが発生すると推定された。
このため、材の長さ方向の含水率傾斜を小さくする手法として、急速な乾燥となる、材の両端部を遮蔽することによって、長さ方向（軸方向）の含水率傾斜、即ち寸法変化傾斜を軽減することにした。
Usually, when natural drying is performed, the drying conditions may be stricter than artificial drying, and damage tends to occur more than expected. For this reason, in the material, dry cracks are first generated on the surface of the material and the end of the end of the wood, and it is often extended to develop surface cracks and cracks of the material.
On the other hand, in the case of artificial drying, since the temperature, temperature and humidity can be set to arbitrary conditions, the occurrence of material surface cracks and internal cracks is reduced compared to natural drying. Therefore, usually, drying is started in a state of a solid material.
However, even if it is artificial drying, when high-temperature drying is used, the material often has many surface cracks and internal cracks. When cracks occur as a result of observing the cracking condition of the desiccant, in most cases, both cracks start from the pier, a) the case where the cracks disappear, and b) the cracks are large. It has been found that there are cases where the crack extends to the center in the longitudinal direction of the material.
As a property of wood, it is known that the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of wood has the highest moisture conductivity. In the case of artificial drying, since the drying temperature is higher than that of natural drying, the material is dried first from both ends of the material, and gradually dried toward the center. Actually, when examining the moisture content distribution in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the artificial desiccant, the moisture content is low at the ends of both ends, and the moisture content increases toward the center of the material. From this, the shrinkage of the material is also expected to start from both ends, and when the difference in shrinkage with the material on the center side becomes large, it is estimated that cracks occur on the material surface and inside.
For this reason, as a method of reducing the moisture content gradient in the length direction of the material, the moisture content gradient in the length direction (axial direction), that is, a dimensional change gradient, is obtained by shielding both ends of the material, which becomes rapid drying. Decided to reduce.
上述した木口面遮蔽具１１，１１Ａの遮蔽部１２等により、木材１０の木口面１０ａを覆った状態で、該木材１０の乾燥することにより、該木材の長さ方向（軸方向）の含水率あるいは寸法変化の傾斜を小さくすることができ、それにより、乾燥中に、該木材１０に材面割れや内部割れが生じることを効果的に抑制することができる。 Moisture content in the length direction (axial direction) of the wood by drying the wood 10 in a state where the wood face 10a of the wood 10 is covered by the shielding portion 12 of the above-described wood face shields 11 and 11A. Or the inclination of a dimensional change can be made small and, thereby, it can suppress effectively that a material surface crack and an internal crack generate | occur | produce in this wood 10 during drying.
本発明における遮蔽物の他の好ましい例として、木口割れ止め剤、目止め剤又は塗料である木材表面コーティング剤、あるいはシリコーン樹脂等を挙げることができる。
木口割れ止め剤は、従来、天然乾燥において干割れを防止するために用いられているものであるが、人工的に温度や温度及び湿度を制御できる人工乾燥においては、木口割れ止め剤が用いられることはなかった。木口割れ止め剤としては、従来、天然乾燥に用いていたもの等を用いることができる。
木材表面コーティング剤は、通常液状物であり、塗布方法としては、刷毛、スプレー等を使用した一般的なコーティング方法を用いることができる。表面コーティング剤の種類としては、ペイントと一般に称される油性塗料、セルロース系、アルキド、ウレタン、フッ素系に代表される溶剤系、アクリル系エマルジョン、アクリルウレタン系に代表される水系、その他、漆、カシュー樹脂等が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。コーティング量は５０〜５００ｇ／ｍ2が好ましく、１００〜３００ｇ／ｍ2がより好ましい。
Other preferable examples of the shield in the present invention include a wood surface cracking agent, a sealant or a wood surface coating agent which is a paint, or a silicone resin.
The knot cracking agent is conventionally used to prevent dry cracking in natural drying, but in artificial drying in which the temperature, temperature and humidity can be controlled artificially, the knot cracking agent is used. It never happened. As the crack inhibitor, those conventionally used for natural drying and the like can be used.
The wood surface coating agent is usually a liquid material, and a general coating method using a brush, a spray or the like can be used as an application method. Types of surface coating agents include oil-based paints commonly referred to as paint, cellulose-based, alkyd, urethane, solvent-based typified by fluorine-based, acrylic emulsion, water-based typified by acrylic-urethane-based, lacquer, Although cashew resin etc. are mentioned, it is not limited to this. The coating weight is preferably 50 to 500 g / m 2, and more preferably 100 to 300 g / m 2.
シリコーン樹脂としては、通常、シリコーンシーラントと称される、シリコーン系シーリング材が好ましい。シリコーン系シーリング材は、乾燥中の木材変形に追随できるため好適で、その他に耐水性、撥水性、接着性、耐熱性、耐寒性、耐候性、作業性も季節を問わず安定している。シリコーン系シーリング材としては、一般的なシリコーンシーリング材やシリコーンコーティング材が挙げられる。シリコーン樹脂は、１成分形、２成分形、３成分形の何れであっても良く、硬化方式は、オキシム型、アルコール型、アセトン型、酢酸型、アミノキシ型のいずれでも良く、またこれらに限定されるものでもない。
シリコーン樹脂のコーティング量は２００〜８００ｇ／ｍ2が好ましく、３００〜６００ｇ／ｍ2がより好ましい。
As the silicone resin, a silicone sealant usually referred to as a silicone sealant is preferable. Silicone-based sealants are suitable because they can follow the deformation of wood during drying, and water resistance, water repellency, adhesion, heat resistance, cold resistance, weather resistance, and workability are also stable regardless of the season. Examples of the silicone sealant include a general silicone sealant and a silicone coating material. The silicone resin may be one-component type, two-component type, or three-component type, and the curing method may be any of oxime type, alcohol type, acetone type, acetic acid type, and aminoxy type, and is limited to these. It is not what is done.
Coating amount of the silicone resin is preferably from 200 to 800 g / m 2, and more preferably 300 to 600 g / m 2.
以上、本発明の好ましい実施形態について説明したが、各発明は、上記の実施形態に制限されず適宜に変更可能である。
例えば、木口面遮蔽具１１，１１Ａの遮蔽部１２の形状は、正方形状に代えて、長方形状や円形等とすることもできる。
また、上述した木口面遮蔽具１１においては、遮蔽部１２の周囲に合計４つの突出片が設けられていたが、これに代えて、遮蔽部１２の周囲に一つの突出片のみを設けたり、一対の第１突出片１３，１３のみを設けることもできる。また、第２突出片１４，１５を、第１突出片１３，１３と同様に木材をその両側から押圧可能な一対の突出片とすることもできる。
また、突出長さの等しい３つの突出片や４つの突出片を設けることもできる。また、隣接する突出片同士が連結し、遮蔽部１２を底とする有底筒状の木口面遮蔽具とすることもできる。
また、木口面に差し込み可能な突起として、木口面遮蔽具１１Ａの断面円形の針１６に代えて、断面形状が非円形の突起を設けることもできる。また、木口面遮蔽具は、嵌めたり、突起を木口面に差し込んだりする以外の方法により木口部に装着するものであっても良い。
As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described, each invention is not restrict | limited to said embodiment, It can change suitably.
For example, the shape of the shielding part 12 of the end face shields 11 and 11A may be a rectangular shape or a circular shape instead of a square shape.
In addition, in the above-described cutout surface shielding tool 11, a total of four protruding pieces are provided around the shielding portion 12, but instead, only one protruding piece is provided around the shielding portion 12, Only a pair of 1st protrusion pieces 13 and 13 can also be provided. Moreover, the 2nd protrusion pieces 14 and 15 can also be made into a pair of protrusion piece which can press a timber from the both sides similarly to the 1st protrusion pieces 13 and 13. FIG.
It is also possible to provide three protruding pieces and four protruding pieces having the same protruding length. Moreover, it can also be set as the bottomed cylindrical wooden end face shielding tool which the adjacent protrusion pieces connect and has the shielding part 12 as a bottom.
Further, as a protrusion that can be inserted into the mouth end surface, a protrusion having a non-circular cross section can be provided instead of the needle 16 having a circular cross section of the end face shield 11A. Further, the end shield member may be attached to the end part by a method other than fitting or inserting a protrusion into the end face.
以下、実施例及び比較例により、本発明をより具体的に説明する。但し、本発明は、かかる実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例１及び２は、遮蔽物として、小口面遮蔽具に代えて、木材用表面コーティング剤を用いた参考例であり、実施例４も、参考例である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Examples 1 and 2 are reference examples in which a wood surface coating agent is used as a shielding material instead of a small-faced surface shielding tool, and Example 4 is also a reference example.
〔乾燥試験〕
図１に示す構成の乾燥装置を用い、被乾燥材として栃木産のスギから製材した製材直後の芯持柱材（芯持角材、背割りなし、断面寸法１１．５ｃｍ×１１．５ｃｍ、長さ３００ｃｍの正角材）１６１本（乾燥前含水率４０〜１２０％）について、以下に示す乾燥スケジュールにて１０回の乾燥を行った。
〔乾燥スケジュール〕
初期蒸煮工程（９６℃）→第１乾燥工程（乾球温度１２０℃，湿球温度９０℃）→第２乾燥工程（乾球温度１１０℃，湿球温度９０℃）→第３乾燥工程（乾球温度１００℃，湿球温度８０℃）→第４乾燥工程（乾球温度９０℃，湿球温度６０℃）
１０回の乾燥において、各工程の時間は含水率を監視しながら適宜に変更した。図７に各工程の典型例を示した。
乾燥は、平均含水率１５％を目標として行い、モニター材の含水率が１５％以下になった時点で終了した。そのため、各乾燥材ロットで乾燥時間は異なり、１４０〜１９０時間の間で調整した。
[Drying test]
Using a drying apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 1, a cored pillar material immediately after sawing made from Tochigi cedar as a material to be dried (a cored square member, without splitting back, a cross-sectional dimension of 11.5 cm × 11.5 cm, a length of 300 cm) The regular square material (161) (water content before drying 40 to 120%) was dried 10 times according to the following drying schedule.
[Drying schedule]
Initial cooking step (96 ° C.) → first drying step (dry bulb temperature 120 ° C., wet bulb temperature 90 ° C.) → second drying step (dry bulb temperature 110 ° C., wet bulb temperature 90 ° C.) → third drying step (dry) Ball temperature 100 ° C, wet bulb temperature 80 ° C) → Fourth drying step (dry bulb temperature 90 ° C, wet bulb temperature 60 ° C)
In the drying of 10 times, the time of each process was changed suitably while monitoring the moisture content. FIG. 7 shows a typical example of each process.
Drying was performed with an average moisture content of 15% as a target, and finished when the moisture content of the monitor material became 15% or less. Therefore, the drying time was different for each drying material lot, and was adjusted between 140 and 190 hours.
〔実施例１〕
未乾燥の柱材の両木口面を、エポキシ樹脂塗料（商品名エピコン中塗、主剤／硬化剤＝４／１、中国塗料（株））を刷毛にて塗布することによりシールした。塗料の塗布量は１５０ｇ／ｍ2とした。塗布後の柱材を、硬化のために１昼夜気乾放置した後、上記の乾燥試験に供した。
〔実施例２〕
未乾燥の柱材の両木口面を、シリコーン樹脂（商品名シリコーンシーラント、セメダイン８００、セメダイン（株））を刷毛にて塗布することによりシールした。樹脂の塗布量は４５０ｇ／ｍ2とした。塗布後の柱材を、硬化のために１昼夜気乾放置した後、上記の乾燥試験に供した。
[Example 1]
Both ends of the undried pillar material were sealed by applying an epoxy resin paint (trade name Epicon intermediate coat, main agent / curing agent = 4/1, China Paint Co., Ltd.) with a brush. The amount of paint applied was 150 g / m 2 . The column material after application was left to air dry for one day for curing, and then subjected to the above drying test.
[Example 2]
Both dry ends of the undried pillar material were sealed by applying a silicone resin (trade name silicone sealant, Cemedine 800, Cemedine Co., Ltd.) with a brush. The amount of resin applied was 450 g / m 2 . The column material after application was left to air dry for one day for curing, and then subjected to the above drying test.
〔実施例３〕
未乾燥の柱材の両木口面を、金属板を折曲して形成した図２に示す木口面遮蔽具でシールした。金属板は、ステンレス（ＳＵＳ３０４）製であり、木口接地面（遮蔽部）の寸法は１１８ｍｍ×１１８ｍｍ、被せ長さはＬ３＝４０ｍｍ、Ｌ４＝４ｍｍであった。これを上記の乾燥試験に供した。
〔実施例４〕
未乾燥の柱材の両木口面を、金属板に針を溶接して形成した図５に示す木口面遮蔽具でシールした。金属板は、ステンレス（ＳＵＳ３０４）製であり、木口接地面（遮蔽部）の寸法は１１５ｍｍ×１１５ｍｍ、針１６の長さは４ｍｍであった。これを上記の乾燥試験に供した。
Example 3
Both ends of the undried pillar material were sealed with a mouthpiece shield shown in FIG. 2 formed by bending a metal plate. The metal plate was made of stainless steel (SUS304), the size of the ground contact surface (shielding portion) was 118 mm × 118 mm, and the covering length was L3 = 40 mm and L4 = 4 mm. This was subjected to the above drying test.
Example 4
Both ends of the undried pillar material were sealed with a mouthpiece surface shield shown in FIG. 5 formed by welding a needle to a metal plate. The metal plate was made of stainless steel (SUS304), the size of the ground contact surface (shielding portion) was 115 mm × 115 mm, and the length of the needle 16 was 4 mm. This was subjected to the above drying test.
〔比較例１〕
未乾燥の柱材を、木口面をシールすることなく、上記の乾燥試験に供した。
〔比較例２〕
未乾燥の柱材の両木口面を、板紙（１．４ｍｍ厚、木口接地面（遮蔽部）の寸法１１８ｍｍ×１１８ｍｍ、坪量６５０ｇ／ｍ2、被せ長さ５０ｍｍでシールした。これを上記の乾燥試験に供した。
[Comparative Example 1]
The undried column material was subjected to the above-described drying test without sealing the mouth end.
[Comparative Example 2]
Both butt surfaces of the undried pillar material were sealed with paperboard (1.4 mm thick, butt ground surface (shielding part) dimensions 118 mm × 118 mm, basis weight 650 g / m 2 , and covering length 50 mm. It used for the drying test.
〔評価〕
実施例１〜４及び比較例１，２の方法により乾燥を行った芯持柱材（合計１６１本、それぞれの本数は表１に示す）について、含水率、材面割れ及び内部割れを、それぞれ以下に示す方法により評価した。
[Evaluation]
About the core-supporting pillar material (total 161, each number is shown in Table 1) dried by the methods of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the moisture content, material surface cracks, and internal cracks, respectively, Evaluation was performed by the following method.
〔含水率〕
乾燥後の含水率；柱材の両端それぞれから１０ｃｍの部位及び柱材の長手方向の中央部の合計３箇所を、５０ｍｍ巾にカットしてサンプルとし、該サンプルの重量Ｗ１を測定した。そして、サンプル片を、ＪＩＳ Ｚ２２０１．木材の試験方法 含水率の測定方法に準じて、乾燥機中で１０５℃に放置し、該サンプルが恒量に達した後の重量Ｗ２を測定し、下記式（１）により乾燥後の含水率を求め、３つのサンプルの平均値を乾燥後の柱材の含水率とした。
乾燥後の含水率（％）＝（Ｗ１−Ｗ２）／Ｗ２ ×１００ ・・・（１）
表１に、実施例１〜４及び比較例１の方法により乾燥を行った芯持柱材について、乾燥後の含水率が１０％未満のもの、含水率１０％以上１５％未満のもの、含水率１５％以上２０％未満のもの、及び含水率２０％以上のものの本数を示した。
[Moisture content]
Moisture content after drying: A total of three parts, 10 cm from the both ends of the column material and the central part in the longitudinal direction of the column material, were cut into a width of 50 mm to obtain samples, and the weight W1 of the sample was measured. And a sample piece is JIS Z2201. Wood test method In accordance with the moisture content measurement method, leave the sample at 105 ° C. in a dryer, measure the weight W2 after the sample has reached a constant weight, and determine the moisture content after drying by the following formula (1). The average value of the three samples was determined as the moisture content of the column material after drying.
Moisture content after drying (%) = (W1-W2) / W2 × 100 (1)
In Table 1, the core column material dried by the methods of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 has a moisture content after drying of less than 10%, a moisture content of 10% or more and less than 15%, a moisture content The numbers of those having a rate of 15% or more and less than 20% and those having a water content of 20% or more are shown.
〔内部割れ〕
柱材の両端それぞれから１０ｃｍの位置及び柱材の長手方向の中央部の３箇所における柱材の断面を観察し、各断面において観察される内部割れの程度を下記評価基準で判定し、３箇所の断面のうちの最も悪い断面の評価を、その柱材の内部割れ評価とした。
〔評価基準〕
なし：割れが認められない。
小：最大巾が１ｍｍ以内で長さが２０ｍｍ以内の割れが存在する。
中：最大巾が２ｍｍ以内で長さが５０ｍｍ以内の割れが存在する。
大：最大巾が２ｍｍ超又は長さが５０ｍｍ超の割れが存在する。
[Internal crack]
Observe the cross section of the column material at three positions, 10 cm from the both ends of the column material and the central part in the longitudinal direction of the column material, and determine the degree of internal cracks observed in each cross section according to the following evaluation criteria, The evaluation of the worst cross section among the cross sections was taken as the internal crack evaluation of the column material.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
None: No cracks are observed.
Small: There is a crack with a maximum width of 1 mm or less and a length of 20 mm or less.
Medium: A crack having a maximum width of 2 mm or less and a length of 50 mm or less exists.
Large: There is a crack having a maximum width exceeding 2 mm or a length exceeding 50 mm.
そして、その評価が「なし」又は「小」である柱材を内部割れ合格の柱材、その評価が「中」又は「大」の柱材を内部割れ不合格の柱材とし、供試柱材の総数に対する合格の柱材の割合（合格率）を求め、その結果を表２に示した。また、乾燥後の柱材のうち、含水率が１０％以上１５％未満のものについての合格率を表３に示した。 The column with the evaluation of “None” or “Small” is the column that has passed the internal crack, and the column with the evaluation of “Medium” or “Large” is the column with the internal crack that has failed. The ratio (acceptance rate) of the accepted column material to the total number of materials was determined, and the results are shown in Table 2. Table 3 shows the pass rate of the post-dried column material having a moisture content of 10% or more and less than 15%.
〔材面割れ〕
柱材側面の４面（木口面以外の面）を観察し、最大巾が２ｍｍ以内で且つ長さが５０ｍｍ以内の割れが１面でも生じている場合を不合格とし、それ以外を合格とした。供試柱材の総数に対する合格の柱材の割合（合格率）を求め、その結果を表２に示した。また、乾燥後の柱材のうち、含水率が１０％以上１５％未満のものについての合格率を表３に示した。
(Material crack)
Observe the four side surfaces of the column (the surface other than the end), and reject the case where a crack with a maximum width of 2 mm or less and a length of 50 mm or less occurs even on one surface, and the others are accepted. . The ratio (acceptance rate) of the accepted column material to the total number of the test column materials was determined, and the results are shown in Table 2. Table 3 shows the pass rate of the post-dried column material having a moisture content of 10% or more and less than 15%.
表２及び表３に示す結果から、本発明の方法によれば、材面割れ、又は材面割れ及び内部割れを顕著に低減することができることが判る。特に、実施例２〜４においては、含水率に拘わらずに、材面割れ及び内部割れを共に低減できており、実施例１においては、含水率に拘わらずに、材面割れを低減でき、また、含水率を１５％未満とするような場合には、材面割れ及び内部割れを共に低減できている。なお、比較例２は、比較例１とほぼ同様の結果であった。 From the results shown in Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that according to the method of the present invention, material cracking, or material cracking and internal cracking can be significantly reduced. In particular, in Examples 2 to 4, both material cracks and internal cracks can be reduced regardless of the moisture content, and in Example 1, the material surface cracks can be reduced regardless of the moisture content, Further, when the moisture content is less than 15%, both the material surface crack and the internal crack can be reduced. Comparative Example 2 had almost the same result as Comparative Example 1.
Claims (2)
木材の木口面を、該木材の木口面からの水分の蒸発を軽減可能な遮蔽物で覆った状態で、該木材を、人工乾燥によって乾燥させる木材の乾燥方法であり、
前記人工乾燥は、乾球温度１１０〜１３０℃の高温乾燥工程を有し、
前記遮蔽物が、木材の木口面を覆うように、該木材の木口部に取り付け可能な木口面遮蔽具であり、
前記木口面遮蔽具は、木口面に密着させる遮蔽部と、乾燥させる木材の互いに平行な２側面に当接させる一対の第１突出片を備え、一対の第１突出片は、前記遮蔽部に垂直な突出方向の中央部付近に、両者間の距離Ｗが最も狭くなる部位を有し、該部位における両者間の距離Ｗ１が、乾燥させる木材の前記２側面間の距離Ｗ４より小さく、また、一対の第１突出片は、前記突出方向の先端部における両者間の距離Ｗ３が前記距離Ｗ４より大きく、前記突出方向の基端部における両者間の距離Ｗ２が前記距離Ｗ４と同一又はそれより大きくなっており、
前記木口面遮蔽具は、一対の第１突出片間に木材の木口部が入り込んだ状態となるように該木口部に取り付ける際に、該木口部によって一対の第１突出片間が押し拡げられ、第１突出片の元の状態に戻ろうとする弾性復元力により、該木口面遮蔽具の取り付け状態が安定に維持される、木材の乾燥方法。 A method of drying wood by artificial drying,
A method of drying wood, wherein the wood is covered by artificial drying in a state in which the mouth of the wood is covered with a shield capable of reducing evaporation of moisture from the wood mouth .
The artificial drying has a high temperature drying step with a dry bulb temperature of 110 to 130 ° C.,
The shield is a mouthpiece surface shield that can be attached to the end of the wood so as to cover the end of the wood.
The said end cover is provided with the shielding part closely_contact | adhered to the end face, and a pair of 1st protrusion pieces made to contact | abut on the mutually parallel 2 side surface of the timber to dry, and a pair of 1st protrusion piece is said shield part In the vicinity of the central portion in the vertical protruding direction, there is a portion where the distance W between the two is the narrowest, the distance W1 between the two in the portion is smaller than the distance W4 between the two side surfaces of the wood to be dried, In the pair of first projecting pieces, a distance W3 between the two at the distal end in the projecting direction is greater than the distance W4, and a distance W2 between the two at the proximal end in the projecting direction is equal to or greater than the distance W4. And
When attaching the end piece of wood to the end of the wood so that the end of the wood enters between the pair of first protruding pieces, the end of the pair of first protruding pieces is expanded by the end of the mouth. The method for drying wood, in which the attached state of the mouthpiece surface shielding tool is stably maintained by the elastic restoring force to return the first protruding piece to the original state .
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| JPS5426317A (en) * | 1977-07-30 | 1979-02-27 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Panel producing method |
| JPS60185086A (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1985-09-20 | 朝日ウッドテック株式会社 | Manufacture of decorative dried thick veneer |
| JPS61152402A (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-07-11 | 梶間 定勇 | Crazing preventive method of wood |
| JPH01125604U (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-28 | ||
| JPH0289603A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1990-03-29 | Sumitomo Ringyo Kk | Method for drying oak |
| JPH02235704A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-18 | Sanyo Mokuzai Boufu Kk | Flame-retarded timber |
| JPH02277603A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-11-14 | Yamaha Corp | Fire retardant treatment of lumber |
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| JP3580514B2 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 2004-10-27 | 九州電力株式会社 | Drying method to control cracking of cored pillars |
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| JP2001071306A (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-21 | Eiji Yanagida | Cap for preventing dry-cracking of non-cleaved wood with core |
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