JP5481806B2 - Permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type synchronous motor, and more particularly to a permanent magnet type synchronous motor having an inner rotor structure in which a permanent magnet is employed in a rotor and a structure in which the permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor core.

  Permanent magnet type synchronous motors (permanent magnet type motors, hereinafter referred to as PM motors) are high-performance motors that are smaller and more efficient than direct current machines, IMs, and RMs. The IPM motor embedded in the rotor core can use reluctance torque in addition to magnet torque, and is applied in various fields as a small and high-performance motor. There is a growing need for further miniaturization and higher output in such PM motors.

  In the above IPM motor, it is well known that leakage magnetic flux is reduced by penetrating holes for reducing leakage magnetic flux along the axial direction of the rotor and intentionally magnetically saturated (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

JP 2004-242462 A

  In recent years, the demand for improving the performance of motors has become very high, and in particular, the demand for miniaturization and higher output has increased.

As shown in the following equation (1), the motor output P is determined by the rotational speed N and the torque T.
P = 2πNT (1)
Usually, to increase the torque T, the motor must be enlarged, so high speed rotation is required to achieve high output while responding to the demand for miniaturization, and the rotor rotates at higher speed. Therefore, the strength that can withstand is required.

  As an example of the IPM motor, FIG. 4 shows an example of a quadrupole machine in which holes for reducing leakage magnetic flux are provided on both sides in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet. As shown in FIG. 4, the IPM motor includes a rotor core 102 formed by laminating a plurality of steel plates, for example. A shaft hole 102a for inserting the shaft 101 and a magnet hole 102b for inserting the permanent magnet 103 are provided in the rotor core 102 along the axial direction.

  Here, the shape of the magnet hole 102b is set so that holes 104 for reducing leakage magnetic flux are formed on both sides in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet 103 inserted and fixed in the magnet hole 102b. ing. The shaft 101 is fixed to the shaft hole 102a of the rotor core 102 by shrink fitting or providing a keyway.

  In such an IPM motor, the permanent magnet 103 to which centrifugal force acts is supported by a so-called bridge 102c that is a portion between the magnet holes 102b of the rotor core 102 during rotation. Therefore, when the rotational speed is increased and the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet 103 is increased, an excessive tensile stress is exerted particularly on a portion of the bridge 102c facing the corner portion (C portion in the drawing) on the radially outer side of the hole 104. Occurs.

  To design to withstand this tensile stress, it is conceivable to reduce the stress concentration by expanding the width d from the radially outer corner of the hole 104 to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 102. However, since the laminated steel plate constituting the rotor core 102 is a magnetic body, when the width d described above is expanded, the leakage magnetic flux increases, the magnetomotive force of the magnet does not act effectively, the gap magnetic flux density decreases, and the motor characteristics Therefore, it has been difficult to maintain and improve the motor performance while maintaining the strength of the rotor core 102 against the increase in centrifugal force accompanying high-speed rotation.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet synchronous motor that can improve motor performance while maintaining the strength of the rotor core.

A permanent magnet synchronous motor according to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems includes a rotor core formed by laminating a plurality of steel plates, and a magnet hole penetrating the rotor core along the axial direction. In the permanent magnet type synchronous motor including a rotor having a permanent magnet inserted and fixed to the rotor, the rotor core includes a plurality of first steel plates made of a high-strength member and a plurality of second steel made of a soft magnetic material. The magnet hole is formed by laminating steel plates, the magnet hole is formed in a fan shape in cross-sectional view, and is formed to have holes on both sides in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet inserted and fixed in the magnet hole, The rotor iron core is formed by alternately laminating the first steel plate and the second steel plate one by one or plural pieces , and the shape of the permanent magnet inserted and fixed in the magnet hole is radially outer circumferential side. The sides and the radially inner side are arc-shaped and communicate with the holes. A shall, said first steel plate, the diameter direction of the pores continuous with a non-magnetic material from the radially outer side of the magnet hole so as to alleviate the stress concentration due to the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet The radius of the outer corner is set to be large , and the second steel plate is set to have a shape in which the shape of the hole continuous from the radially outer side of the magnet hole protrudes radially outward so as to reduce leakage magnetic flux. It is characterized by Tei Rukoto.
A permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to a second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the first invention, wherein a plurality of permanent magnets are inserted and fixed in the magnet hole along the axial direction. The rotor core is formed by laminating the first steel plate and the second steel plate so that at least two of the first steel plates are arranged for each of the permanent magnets. To do.

According to the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to inventions described above, because the permanent magnet centrifugal force acts by the rotation, can be supported mainly by the first steel sheet, reducing the stress acting on the second steel plate be able to. As a result, the rotation speed can be improved, and the leakage magnetic flux due to the holes can be reduced even during high-speed rotation, so that the motor performance can be maintained and improved. It should be noted that portions relating to electrical design such as induced voltage can be dealt with by the number of windings.

In addition, since the first steel plate and the second steel plate are formed so as to have a suitable shape in each application, the second steel plate while supporting the permanent magnet with the centrifugal force acting by rotation by the first steel plate with high strength. As a result, the leakage magnetic flux can be reduced, and the rotational speed can be more reliably improved and the motor performance can be maintained and improved.

  Embodiments of the invention are described in detail in the following examples.

Reference example 1

A first reference example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1A is a front view of a rotor of a permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to this reference example, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. This reference example is an example in which the configuration of the present invention is applied to a quadrupole machine.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the present reference example, a rotor (hereinafter referred to as a rotor) mainly includes a rotating shaft (hereinafter referred to as a shaft) 10 and a rotation fixed to the shaft 10 so as to be integrally movable. It is comprised from the core iron core (henceforth, rotor core) 20 and the permanent magnet 30 embedded inside the rotor core 20. FIG.

The rotor core 20 is a laminated steel plate type formed by laminating a plurality of steel plates in the axial direction. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the first steel plate 21 (16 sheets in FIG. 1) made of mutually different materials. ) And second steel plates 22 (17 sheets in FIG. 1) are alternately stacked one by one. Here, in the present reference example, the first steel plate 21 is, for example, a centrifugal force acting on a permanent magnet 30 such as titanium, stainless steel, duralumin, which is a nonmagnetic material, or a high strength steel or high strength electromagnetic steel plate, which is a magnetic material. The second steel plate 22 is made of a soft magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability, a high magnetic flux density, or a low iron loss, such as a permalloy, a magnetic steel plate, an amorphous metal material, or the like. Shall be composed.

  Here, the first steel plate has a strength that is generally high tension so that it can withstand centrifugal force, for example, a tensile strength of 490 MPa, a yield point of 294 Mpa or more (for example, “Mechanical Engineering Handbook (Materials Industrial materials) ”)). In addition, the second steel plate is a steel plate to which stability and performance of magnetic properties can be obtained by adding silicon or the like so as to obtain high magnetic permeability, high magnetic flux density, or low iron loss properties.

  In the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22, as shown in FIG. 1A, shaft holes 21a and 22a for inserting the shaft 10 and a plurality (four in FIG. 1) for inserting the permanent magnets 30 are inserted. Magnet holes 21b and 22b are provided in the axial direction.

The magnet holes 21b and 22b are formed in a generally fan shape in cross section and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and are formed such that the circumferential length is longer than the circumferential length of the permanent magnet 30. ing. As a result, when the permanent magnet 30 is inserted into the magnet holes 21 b and 22 b, both sides of the permanent magnet 30 in the circumferential direction become holes 40. In this reference example, the magnetic flux is intentionally saturated by the air holes 40 to reduce the leakage magnetic flux. The permanent magnet 30 has an axial length that is substantially the same as the axial length of the rotor core 20.

  In this reference example, the shaft holes 21a and 22a and the magnet holes 21b and 22b have the same shape, and the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22 have the same shape in front view.

Below, the effect by this reference example is demonstrated. According to the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the above-described reference example, the rotor core 20 has the first steel plate 21 having strength against the tensile stress generated by the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet 30, and the second made of the magnetic material. Since the permanent magnets 30 on which the centrifugal force is applied during rotation can be mainly supported by the first steel plate 21 by being configured by alternately laminating the steel plates 22, the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnets 30. A high-performance motor having a main magnetic path made of an electromagnetic steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties can be configured.

In general, it is difficult to achieve both low iron loss and high strength properties for a single electromagnetic steel sheet, but in this reference example, a high strength thin plate is used as the first steel plate 21 and a high performance electromagnetic wave is used as the second steel plate 22. A high-performance motor can be configured as described above by using steel plates and using them together.

Although this reference example shows an example in which alternately stacking first steel plate 21 and the second steel sheet 22 one by one, the present invention is not limited to the reference example described above, for example, the first steel plates 21 and Needless to say, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such as alternately laminating a plurality of the second steel plates 22.

Reference example 2

A second reference example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2A is a front view of a rotor of a permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the present reference example, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.

In this reference example, the rotor core 25 and the permanent magnet 31 shown in FIG. 2 are used instead of the rotor core 20 and the permanent magnet 30 of the reference example 1. The other configuration is substantially the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1 and described above, and hereinafter, the same reference numerals are given to members having the same action, and redundant description will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to this reference example, the permanent magnet 31 has a shape obtained by equally dividing the permanent magnet 30 shown in FIG. The rotor core 25 includes the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 21 so that at least two (two in FIG. 2) first steel plates 21 are arranged via the second steel plate 22 with respect to each permanent magnet 31. The steel plate 22 is laminated.

According to the above-described permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the present embodiment , even when the permanent magnet 31 divided in the axial direction is used as a countermeasure against the eddy current loss caused by the magnetic field fluctuation, Since two or more locations in the axial direction are supported by the first steel plate 21, even if the rotor core 25 is stressed by the centrifugal force acting on each permanent magnet 31, the strength can be maintained against this stress. it can.

The actual施例of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A is a front view of the first steel plate of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to this embodiment, and FIG. 3B is a front view of the second steel plate of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to this embodiment.

In this embodiment, instead of the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22 of Reference Example 1 or Reference Example 2 described above, the shape of the magnet hole is different from that of the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22, as shown in FIG. In this example, the first steel plate 23 and the second steel plate 24 are used. The other configurations are substantially the same as the configurations shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, and the members having the same functions as those described in Reference Example 1 or Reference Example 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and are duplicated. The description will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the present embodiment, the first steel plate 23 and the second steel plate 24 constituting the rotor core 20 (or 25) are different from each other, and the permanent magnet 30. The shapes of the magnet holes 23b and 24b for inserting the are different from each other.

  Specifically, the magnet hole 23b formed in the first steel plate 23 has a shape in which the hole 41 is expanded in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. Compared to the magnet hole 21b of the first steel plate 21 shown and described above, the radius R of the corner portion on the radially outer side is increased so as to relieve stress concentration caused by the permanent magnet 30 to which centrifugal force has acted.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3B, the magnet holes 24b formed in the second steel plate 24 project radially outward so that the holes 42 at both ends in the circumferential direction reduce the leakage magnetic flux. It has a shape. In other words, the thickness d from the outer peripheral surface of the second steel plate 24 to the magnet hole 24b at the portion corresponding to the hole 42 of the magnet hole 24b is equal to the magnet hole of the second steel plate 22 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. It is formed to be thinner than 22b.

According to the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to the above-described embodiment, the shape of the magnet holes 23b and 24b penetrating the first steel plate 23 and the second steel plate 24, respectively, is a suitable shape according to each application. Thus, in addition to the effects of Reference Example 1 or Reference Example 2, the concentration of stress acting on the rotor core 20 by the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet 30 by the first steel plate 23 is further relaxed. In addition to being able to reduce the magnetic flux leakage in the second steel plate 24, in addition to the effects of Reference Examples 1 and 2, it is possible to further improve the rotational speed and maintain and improve the motor performance.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor having an inner rotor structure in which a permanent magnet is employed in a rotor, and particularly suitable for a permanent magnet synchronous motor having a structure in which a permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor core. It is.

1A is a front view showing a rotor structure of a permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to Reference Example 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2A is a front view showing a rotor structure of a permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to Reference Example 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2A. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the first steel plate of a rotor of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 (b) embodiment the permanent magnet synchronous according to the example of the present invention It is sectional drawing which shows the part corresponding to the 2nd steel plate of the rotor of an electric motor. It is a front view showing an example of a rotor of a permanent magnet type synchronous motor.

10 Shaft 20, 25 Rotor core 21, 23 First steel plate 22, 24 Second steel plate 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a Shaft hole 21b, 22b, 23b, 24b Magnet hole 30, 31 Permanent magnet 40, 41, 42 Air hole

Claims (2)

Permanent magnet synchronous motor having a rotor having a rotor core formed by laminating a plurality of steel plates and a permanent magnet inserted and fixed in a magnet hole penetrating the rotor core in the axial direction. In
The rotor core is configured by laminating a plurality of first steel plates made of a high-strength member and a plurality of second steel plates made of a soft magnetic material,
The magnet hole is formed in a fan shape in cross-sectional view, and has holes on both sides in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet inserted and fixed in the magnet hole,
The rotor core is formed by alternately laminating the first steel plate and the second steel plate one by one or plural pieces,
The shape of the permanent magnet inserted and fixed in the magnet hole is such that the radially outer peripheral side and the radially inner peripheral side are in an arc shape and communicate with the hole,
The first steel plate is made of a nonmagnetic material and has a corner portion on the radially outer side of the hole that is continuous from the radially outer side of the magnet hole so as to relieve stress concentration due to centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet. The radius is set larger ,
The second steel sheet, a permanent magnet type, wherein the Ru Tei is set to shape the shape of the voids continuous from the radially outer side of the magnet hole so as to reduce the leakage flux is projected radially outward Synchronous motor. A plurality of permanent magnets are inserted and fixed along the axial direction in the magnet hole,
The rotor core is formed by laminating the first steel plate and the second steel plate so that at least two of the first steel plates are arranged for each of the permanent magnets. The permanent magnet synchronous motor described.

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