JP5475631B2 - Tool edge alignment method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a cutting method of aligning the tool with the tool setter over that can be applied to machine tool, such as a headstock mobile automatic lathes and spindle fixed automatic lathe of machining a workpiece using various cutting tools.

For example, a spindle-moving automatic lathe (also referred to as a Swiss-type automatic lathe) is known as an automatic lathe for precisely machining small-diameter parts such as parts for watches, parts for optical instruments, and parts for measuring instruments.
This type of automatic lathe includes a spindle that grips and rotates a rod-shaped workpiece with a collet chuck, a spindle stock that rotatably supports the spindle, a tool post that has a plurality of tools for machining the workpiece, and a spindle stock. A driving device that moves in the axial direction of the main shaft and a guide bush that is provided on the tool post and supports a workpiece pushed out from the tip of the collet chuck near the machining position facing the tool (for example, a patent) Reference 1).

  In such an automatic lathe, each tool moves toward, cuts, and retracts in the radial direction of the rod-shaped workpiece, and at the same time, while rotating the spindle, while holding the workpiece with the collet chuck, it slides in the axial direction and feeds. By giving, a product of a predetermined shape can be cut from the workpiece. In addition, since the workpiece used in this type of automatic lathe is always supported by the guide bush in the vicinity of the cutting position, the cutting force does not cause bending of the rod-shaped workpiece, and precise cutting is possible. become.

  On the other hand, in a spindle movement type automatic lathe, a preset tool is used in the same manner as a tool applied to a machining center or the like. This preset tool includes a tool holder for holding a tool for cutting a workpiece, and is configured to install the tool on the tool post via the tool holder. Further, the tool holder is provided with an adjustment mechanism for aligning the cutting edge of the tool with a reference point that is the intersection of the axis of the main axis and the axis of the tool cutting direction orthogonal to the axis (for example, Patent Document 2). 3).

  The tool setter method as described above sets the tool edge to the reference point by setting the tool holder holding the tool on the tool presetter installed in the tool room and operating the built-in adjustment mechanism. To do. After the alignment, the preset tool is removed from the tool presetter and attached to the tool rest of the spindle head moving automatic lathe.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-38802 JP 2000-107915 A JP 2003-165008 A

  However, the conventional tool setter method as described above is a method in which the preset tool after the tool edge is aligned with the reference point by the tool presetter in the tool room is attached to the tool rest of the spindle head moving automatic lathe. Even if the tool blade is positioned with high accuracy in the tool room, the mounting error that occurs when this preset tool is mounted on the tool rest will adversely affect the tool blade alignment accuracy, and as a result There is a problem that the cutting accuracy is also adversely affected.

In addition to the method of using the numerical control method and the method of using the adjustment mechanism provided on the tool post, for example, tool holders prepared so that a turret can be mounted are used for the alignment of the tool edge. A separate tool presetter using a microscope or a projector is used for edge position alignment.
However, in the case of this type of tool presetter, a unique jig is required for each model, and as a result, it cannot be shared with the tool set of existing lathe machine tools installed at the machine shop site. There has been a problem that the alignment of the cutting edge of the tool becomes complicated.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems as described above, can also be shared existing lathe system machine tool set, edge alignment method of a tool with a tool setter over which facilitates the cutting edge alignment of the tool The purpose is to provide.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a method for aligning a blade edge of a tool, wherein a chuck for supporting a workpiece of a spindle of a machine tool is detachably gripped by a holder that supports an imaging camera, and the machine tool The cutting edge of the tool is imaged by the imaging camera, the captured blade edge image is displayed on a monitor, the tool is moved while rotating the holder, and the cutting edge of the tool is aligned. And

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while being able to share also with the tool set of the existing lathe-type machine tool, the blade edge position alignment of a tool can be performed easily.

It is a schematic side view of a head stock moving type automatic lathe to which a tool setter according to the present invention is applied. It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which shows the state where the tool setter of the present invention was attached to the main spindle of a head stock movement type automatic lathe. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing in the case of aligning the blade edge | tip of a tool using the tool setter of this invention. It is a side view of the imaging camera which comprises the tool center of this invention, and its support holder. It is explanatory drawing when the blade edge | tip image of a tool is displayed on the monitor using the tool setter of this invention. It is explanatory drawing when aligning the blade edge of a tool with the reference point of an XY coordinate, seeing the blade edge image of the tool displayed on the monitor using the tool setter of this invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part when a rod-shaped workpiece held by a spindle collet chuck and supported by a guide bush is cut in a spindle head moving automatic lathe.

(Embodiment 1)
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a head stock moving type automatic lathe having a tool setter according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
A spindle stock movement type automatic lathe to which the tool setter of the present invention is applied includes a spindle stock 12, a spindle 14, a collet chuck 16, a guide bush 18, a tool post 20, and a cutting tool 22, as shown in FIG. Is done.

The headstock 12 supports the main shaft 14 so as to be rotatable about an axis 14 a (Z axis) of the main shaft 14. The main shaft 14 has an axis of the main shaft 14 via a guide portion 2602 on a table 26 installed horizontally on the bed 24. It is installed so that it can move in a parallel direction. As is well known, the headstock 12 includes a servomotor 28 installed on the bed 24, a ball screw installed on the bed 24 and driven to rotate by the servomotor 28, and a nut attached to the headstock 12 and screwed with the ballscrew. It is configured so that it can be moved in the Z-axis direction by a driving mechanism (not shown) or the like.
The main shaft 14 supported by the head stock 12 has an insertion hole 1402 through which a workpiece W (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 7), which is a rod-shaped material, is inserted. The insertion hole 1402 is the main shaft 14. It is formed to extend over the entire length.

  The collet chuck 16 holds the workpiece W inserted through the insertion hole 1402 and is attached to the front end portion of the main shaft 14. 2, the collet chuck 16 opens and closes the collet 1602 by reciprocating in the direction of the spindle axis 14a by a chuck opening / closing mechanism (not shown). It includes a chuck sleeve 1604 and the like for gripping. The collet chuck 16 is also used for gripping an imaging camera 30 described later, which is used when aligning the cutting edge of the cutting tool 22.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 7, the guide bush 18 is disposed in front of the front end of the main shaft 14 so that the axis line coincides with the axis 14 a of the main shaft 14 and protrudes from the front end of the collet chuck 16. W is supported in the vicinity of the machining position by the cutting tool 22, and the workpiece W is not disturbed by the rotation of the workpiece W and the movement in the direction of the spindle axis 14a (Z-axis direction), and the workpiece W is prevented from being bent due to cutting resistance. It has a guide hole 1802 through which W is inserted and supported.
Such a guide bush 18 is attached to a guide bush holder 1804 installed on the bed 24 in front of the front end of the main shaft 14 via a guide bush sleeve 1806. The guide bush 18 is attached to the guide bush sleeve 1804 by screwing and fastening a fixing nut 1810 to a male screw portion 1808 formed on the outer periphery of the rear end portion of the guide bush 18.

  The cutting tool 22 for cutting the workpiece W is attached to the tool post 20 via a tool holder 2202 as shown in FIGS. Further, the tool post 20 is supported by a base 40 installed on the bed 24 so as to be movable in the X direction orthogonal to the axis 14a (Z-axis direction), whereby the cutting tool 22 is not shown. It is driven by a cutting feed mechanism consisting of a servo motor, a feed screw, etc., and the workpiece W is processed by giving a cutting feed in the X direction by controlling the cutting feed mechanism according to a command from a numerical control unit (not shown). It has become.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the tool rest 20 is provided with a blade edge alignment mechanism 34 for aligning the blade edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 with a reference point O orthogonal to the Z axis. The blade edge alignment mechanism 34 adjusts the position of the cutting tool 22 in the arrow X direction orthogonal to the main axis 14a (Z-axis direction), and in the arrow Y direction orthogonal to the arrow X and orthogonal to the Z-axis. A fixing screw 36 for fixing the cutting tool 22 to the tool holder 2202 is provided.
Needless to say, the blade edge alignment mechanism 34 is not limited to the above-described configuration, and a conventionally known technique may be used.

In the present embodiment, the tool setter used for the head stock moving type automatic lathe includes an imaging camera 30 and a monitor 38 as shown in FIGS.
The imaging camera 30 images the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 through the guide hole 1802 of the guide bush 18, and forms an image of a cutting edge of the cutting tool 22 on the imaging element including an CCD or a CMOS image sensor. An optical lens and an image processing unit that generates blade edge image data based on an imaging signal output from the imaging element are configured.
Such an imaging camera 30 is configured to be detachably held by the collet chuck 16 via a holder 32. The signal cable 40 for image data transmission connected to the imaging camera 30 is pulled out of the holder 32 from the middle of the holder 32, and the leading end is connected to the monitor 38.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an illumination lamp 42 that illuminates the tip of the cutting tool 22 including the cutting edge 22 a from the side opposite to the imaging camera 30 is disposed on the side opposite to the imaging camera 30 of the cutting tool 22. ing. Further, a translucent light diffusion sheet 44 made of a foamed styrene sheet or the like is disposed between the illumination lamp 42 and the cutting tool 22. The light diffusing sheet 44 illuminates the tip portion of the cutting tool 22 with a uniform brightness from the surface opposite to the imaging direction, and accurately projects the image of the blade edge 22a on the imaging camera 30.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the holder 32 includes a gripping portion 3202 that is detachably gripped by the collet chuck 16, and the gripping portion 3202 that is gripped by the collet chuck 16, and the guide bush 18. It is comprised from the cylinder 3204 extended toward. The imaging camera 30 is attached to the distal end portion of the cylindrical body 3204 toward the guide hole 1802 of the guide bush 18 and is screwed to the cylindrical body 3204 with a screw 46. Thereby, the imaging camera 30 is supported coaxially with the Z-axis which is the main axis 14a.

The monitor 38 enlarges and displays the cutting edge image of the cutting tool 22 imaged by the imaging camera 30, and displays the XY coordinates for blade edge positioning in accordance with this, and includes a display unit 3802 made of liquid crystal, and a display. A processing unit 3804 and a coordinate generation unit (corresponding to coordinate generation means described in claims) 3806 are provided.
The coordinate generation unit 3806 determines the intersection of the X axis perpendicular to the main axis 14a (Z axis) and the Y axis perpendicular to the X axis and perpendicular to the Z axis as a reference point P for cutting edge alignment of the cutting tool 22. X-Y coordinates to be generated are generated.

  The display processing unit 3802 converts the blade edge image data supplied from the image processing unit of the imaging camera 30 through the signal cable 40 into a display signal, and causes the display unit 3802 to display the blade edge image 52 (see FIGS. 5 and 6). In addition, the XY coordinate data supplied from the coordinate generation unit 3806 is converted into a display signal, and the XY coordinate 50 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) having the reference point P is displayed on the display unit 3802. is there. Here, the reference point P of the XY coordinate 50 is made to coincide with the Z axis.

Next, operation | movement of the method of aligning the blade edge | tip of the cutting tool 22 using the tool setter of this Embodiment is demonstrated.
First, in a state in which the headstock 12 is retracted in the direction of arrow Z1 from the position shown in FIG. 2 by a drive mechanism (not shown), the holding portion 3202 of the holder 32 holding the imaging camera 30 is moved from the tip side of the collet chuck 16 to the collet chuck. Insert into 16 collets 1602. Next, the grip sleeve 3202 is chucked by operating the chuck sleeve 1604 in the closing direction with a chuck opening / closing mechanism (not shown), and the imaging camera 30 including the holder 32 is fixed to the main shaft 14.

Next, the drawing end of the signal cable 40 drawn out of the holder 32 from the middle of the holder 32 is connected to the monitor 38. Thereafter, the imaging camera 30 and the monitor 38 are turned on to bring them into operation. Further, the head stock 12 is driven in the direction of the arrow Z2 in FIG. 2 by the drive mechanism, that is, the imaging camera 30 is moved closer to the guide hole 1802 of the guide bush 18 and the imaging camera 30 is advanced to the position where the focal point of the cutting tool 22 is aligned. The blade tip of the cutting tool 22 can be imaged through the guide hole 1802. With this method, even when the Z-direction position of the tip portion of the cutting tool 22 is not the same, it is possible to focus correctly. Further, the illumination lamp 42 is turned on, and the tip portion of the cutting tool 22 including the cutting edge 22a is uniformly lit up from behind by the light transmitted through the light diffusion sheet 44.
Next, a feed command for edge position alignment is given to the cutting feed mechanism of the tool rest 20 from a numerical control unit (not shown). Thereby, the tool post 20 is moved in the X direction orthogonal to the axis 14a (Z axis direction) to a position where the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 is predicted to coincide with the Z axis.

On the other hand, the XY coordinate data generated by the coordinate generation unit 3806 is converted into an analog signal by the display processing unit 3802 and output to the display unit 3802. As a result, an XY coordinate 50 having a reference point P as shown in FIG.
On the other hand, the blade edge image of the cutting tool 22 imaged by the imaging camera 30 through the guide hole 1802 of the guide bush 18 is subjected to image processing by an image processing unit (not shown) built in the imaging camera 30, and the signal cable 40 is used as blade edge image data. It is supplied to the continuous display processing unit 3802. The display processing unit 3802 converts the cutting edge image data into a display signal and outputs the display signal to the display unit 3802 to enlarge and display the cutting edge image 52 of the cutting tool 22 on the display unit 3802.

Next, the spindle 14 is manually rotated by about 90 to 180 degrees while holding the imaging camera 30. Accordingly, the blade edge image 52 of the cutting tool 22 imaged by the imaging camera 30 is rotated around the reference point P (Z axis). Here, when the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 deviates from the reference point P, it is displayed on the display unit 3802 as a virtual circular locus. Since the circle radius of the virtual trajectory at this time indicates a deviation of the XY coordinate 50 from the reference point P, the XY coordinate 50 is used as the reference point P by using the function of the coordinate generation unit 3806. To fit.
By rotating about the Z axis, the reference point P of the XY coordinate 50 appears, and the XY coordinate 50 including the reference point P is displayed on the display unit 3802.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, if the deviation of the cutting tool cutting edge 22a is visually recognized on the display screen of the monitor 38, first, the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 is moved to the position shown in FIG. Moving in the direction of the arrow Y1 or Y2, the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 is aligned with the X axis that intersects the reference point P of the XY coordinates 50. Further, while viewing the display screen of the monitor 38, the cutting tool 22 is moved in the direction of the arrow X1 in FIG. 3, and the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 is aligned with the Y axis that intersects the reference point P of the XY coordinates 50. Thereby, the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 can be aligned with the reference point P of the XY coordinate 50 as shown in FIG. The cutting tool 22 that has been aligned with the reference point P of the tool cutting edge 22 a is fixed to the tool holder 2202 by tightening the fixing screw 36.
In addition, when there are a plurality of cutting tools for cutting the workpiece W, the tool blade edge can be similarly positioned in each of these cutting tools by the above-described alignment procedure.

Next, an operation when the workpiece W is machined using the spindle stock moving automatic lathe after the cutting edge is aligned with each cutting tool will be described.
With the imaging camera 30 including the holder 32 removed from the collet chuck 16 of the spindle 14, as shown in FIG. 7, the workpiece W is inserted into the insertion hole 1402 of the spindle 14 from the rear of the spindle base 12 by a bar supply device (not shown). The workpiece W is fed until the tip of the workpiece W passes through the collet chuck 16 and the guide hole 1802 of the guide bush 18 and protrudes a predetermined amount from the tip of the guide bush 18. In this state, the collet chuck 16 is closed to chuck the workpiece W.
Next, the spindle 14 is rotated while the workpiece W is held by the collet chuck 16, and at the same time, the spindle stock 12 is moved in the direction of the arrow Z3 in FIG. 7 by the drive mechanism in accordance with the processed shape of the product. 22 is cut and fed in the direction of arrow X perpendicular to the axis 14a of the main shaft 14 by a not-shown cutting feed mechanism. Thereby, a product can be processed from the workpiece W.

  According to the tool setter and the blade tip alignment method shown in this embodiment, the imaging camera 30 is detachably held via the holder 32 on the collet chuck 16 provided on the spindle 14 of the spindle head moving automatic lathe. The imaging camera 30 is rotated about the axis 14a together with the main shaft 14 while imaging the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 through the guide hole 1802 of the guide bush 18 with the imaging camera 30, and the cutting tool 22 thus imaged is rotated. And the X-Y coordinates generated by the coordinate generation unit 3806 are displayed on the monitor 38. While viewing the display screen of the monitor 38, the cutting edge 22a of the cutting tool 22 is displayed on the X-Y. Since it is configured to be aligned with the reference point P of the Y coordinate 50, it can be shared with the existing lathe machine tool set. To, as in the prior art preset mechanism becomes unnecessary, it is possible to reduce the labor required for the alignment of the tool cutting edge, there is an effect that the edge alignment of the tool can be easily performed.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the tool edge alignment of the tool is performed manually has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the amount of deviation in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction with respect to the reference point P of the XY coordinate 50 is measured by a raster scan method, the position data of the blade edge is obtained from the measurement result, and numerical control is performed based on this position data If the cutting feed amount of the tool rest 20 by the section is corrected, it is possible to automatically align the cutting edge of the tool, and at the same time, it is possible to perform cutting on the workpiece based on the corrected cutting feed amount. .
Further, the tool setter according to the present invention is not limited to the spindle head movement type automatic lathe shown in the above embodiment, but can be applied to a machine tool such as a spindle fixed type automatic lathe, and the tool is also used for turning. The present invention can be applied not only to a cutting tool but also to a hole machining tool, that is, a blade tip alignment of a cutting tool such as a drill, a reamer, a boring, a tap, or a milling cutting tool.
Further, the tool setter according to the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in the above embodiment, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

12 …… Spindle stand 14 …… Spindle 16 …… Collet chuck 18 …… Guide bush 20 …… Cutter rest 22 …… Cutting tool 30 …… Image capture camera 32 …… Holder 34 …… Blade alignment mechanism 38 …… Monitor 3802 …… Display unit 3804 …… Display processing unit 3806 …… Coordinate generation unit 50 …… XY coordinates

Claims (3)

The holder for supporting the imaging camera is detachably gripped by the chuck for supporting the workpiece on the spindle of the machine tool,
Imaging the cutting edge of the tool of the machine tool with the imaging camera,
Displaying the imaged blade edge image on a monitor;
The tool was moved while rotating the holder, and the cutting edge of the tool was aligned.
A method for aligning the blade edge of a tool. The monitor is a monitor screen for displaying the captured edge image, the cutting edge of the tool according to claim 1, wherein to generate the X -Y coordinates comprising: a coordinate generation means for displaying on said monitor screen Alignment method. 3. The tool edge alignment method according to claim 1, wherein the blade edge portion of the tool of the machine tool is illuminated with an illumination lamp from a side opposite to the imaging direction of the imaging camera.

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