JP5470228B2 - ピアツーピア・ネットワークの最適利用方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
- H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
- H04L41/0816—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
- H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
- H04L67/1063—Discovery through centralising entities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
- H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
- H04L67/1068—Discovery involving direct consultation or announcement among potential requesting and potential source peers
- H04L67/107—Discovery involving direct consultation or announcement among potential requesting and potential source peers with limitation or expansion of the discovery scope
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
- H04L67/1087—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
- H04L67/1093—Some peer nodes performing special functions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/14—Session management
- H04L67/143—Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session
- H04L67/145—Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session avoiding end of session, e.g. keep-alive, heartbeats, resumption message or wake-up for inactive or interrupted session
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/04—Network management architectures or arrangements
- H04L41/042—Network management architectures or arrangements comprising distributed management centres cooperatively managing the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/632—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing using a connection between clients on a wide area network, e.g. setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet for retrieving video segments from the hard-disk of other client devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
- Y10S707/99956—File allocation
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Description
この出願は、2004年1月23日に出願され発明の名称が「Method for Monitoring and Providing Information over a Peer to Peer Network」である米国特許第10/764111号の一部継続出願である。
・ ピングを送出して、結果に含まれる距離パラメータを検討するようにノードを構成する。
・ 予め構成されたサーチを送出して、結果に含まれる距離パラメータを検討するようにノードを構成する。
・ そのホスト・キャッシュ・サイズの比較に基づいて、そのホスト・キャッシュをクリアする又は修正するようにノードを構成する。
・ そのホスト・キャッシュがどのくらい長く存在しているかの比較に基づいて、そのホスト・キャッシュをクリアする又は修正するようにノードを構成する。
・ その接続の試みを減少させるようにノードを構成する。
・ 受信した重複する通信メッセージの計算に基づいて接続を廃棄するようにノードを構成する。
・ 接続から最後に送信が受信された時刻に基づいて接続を廃棄するようにノードを構成する。
・ 他の接続と比較して接続がどのくらいのパフォーマンスであるかに基づいて接続を廃棄するようにノードを構成する。
・ 他の類似のノード又はマスタ・ノードに接続してネットワークの処理を共有するようにノードを構成する。
例1:図5を参照すると、この例では、サーチ・リクエストからホップ情報を取得して、この情報を用いることによりネットワークに最適に接続する方法を説明している。
この例では、ノードAは、ノードBに接続されていて、ネットワークの残りと最適に接続することを望んでいる。このネットワークは通信メッセージが最大で5ホップ移動することが可能であるように構成されており、従って、ノードAは5ホップ離れたノードを探すように構成されている。ノードAは、ノードBを介してネットワークにピング・メッセージを送出する。ノードA、B、C、D、E及びFが、すべて応答する。ノードAはそれぞれの応答を調べ、ノードFが5ホップ離れていることを発見する。ノードAはノードFに接続する。ノードAは、ノードFを介してネットワークにピングを送出する。ノードB、C、D、E、F、G、H、I及びRが応答する。ノードAはそれぞれの応答を調べ、ノードB及びRが5ホップ離れていることを発見する。ノードAは既にノードBに接続されていることを知っているので、ノードRだけに接続する。ノードAは、ノードRを介してネットワークにピング・メッセージを送出する。ノードF、G、H、I、R、Q、P、O及びNが応答する。ノードAはそれぞれの応答を調べ、ノードF及びNが5ホップ離れていることを発見する。ノードAは既にノードFに接続されていることを知っているので、ノードNだけに接続する。ノードAは、ノードNを介してネットワークにピング・メッセージを送出する。ノードJ、K、L、M、N、O、P、Q及びRが応答する。ノードAはそれぞれの応答を調べ、ノードJ及びRが5ホップ離れていることを発見する。ノードAは既にノードRに接続されていることを知っているので、ノードJだけに接続する。ノードAは、ノードJを介してネットワークにピング・メッセージを送出する。ノードJ、K、L、M及びNが応答する。ノードAはそれぞれの応答を調べ、ノードNが5ホップ離れていることを発見する。ノードAは既にノードNに接続されていることを知っているので、もう接続はしない。ノードAは、この時点ですべてのノードから5ホップの距離にあり、すべてのノードからのすべての通信を受信する。
この例では、ノードAは、接続する他のノードを見つけることを望んでいる。ノードAは、既にノードBに接続されている。このネットワークは通信メッセージが最大で5ホップ移動することが可能であるように構成されている。それぞれのノードは、「Samuel.txt」と称されるファイルを含む。ノードAは、ターム「Samuel.txt」を用いて、ノードBを介してネットワークにサーチ・メッセージを送出する。ノードA、B、C、D、E及びFが、すべて応答する。ノードAはそれぞれのサーチ応答を調べ、そのメッセージに含まれているアドレス情報を用いて、これらのノードに接続する。
図3を参照すると、ノードBは、ファイル「Samuel.txt」を見つけようとしており、ノードAへの接続とノードCへの接続との両方からサーチ・リクエストを送出する。ノードCはサーチ・リクエストを受け取る。ノードAはサーチ・リクエストを受け取る。ノードAはサーチ・リクエストをノードCに転送する。ノードCはノードAから重複メッセージを受信したことを記録する。ノードCは、重複メッセージを受信したときには接続を廃棄するように構成されていることを発見し、従って、ノードAへの接続を廃棄する。ノードCはノードAからのサーチを依然として見ることができるが、これは、それらのサーチがノードBを介して移動するからである。次に図2を参照すると、最終的な結論は、ネットワークからのすべての通信を受け取るにはただ1つの接続だけが必要であるということである。
この例では、メイン・ノード4は、すべての接続からいくつの通信メッセージを受信しているかをモニタし、それを平均と比較することによって、その接続を最適化することを望んでいる。ある接続が平均に満たない場合には、その接続は切断される。メイン・ノード4は、以下の統計を記録する。
メイン・ノード3は、1の通信メッセージを送信した。
リーフ・ノードGは、1の通信メッセージを送信した。
メイン・ノード4は、例えば5分だけ待機し、以下の統計を記録する。
メイン・ノード2は、51の通信メッセージを送信した。
リーフ・ノードGは、54の通信メッセージを送信した。
リーフ・ノードHは、1の通信メッセージを送信した。
メイン・ノード4は、すべてのメッセージのデルタを相互に加算し、4で除算して38.75という平均を得る。メイン・ノード4は、平均より下のすべての接続を廃棄するように構成されているので、リーフ・ノードHへの接続を廃棄する。
この例では、メイン・ノード4は、その接続が通信メッセージを受信した最後の時刻がいつであるかをモニタし、それをある値と比較することによって、その接続を最適化するようにプログラムされている。ある接続が1分以内に通信メッセージを全く受信しない場合、ノードは、その接続を切断する。メイン・ノード4は、以下の統計を記録する。
メイン・ノード3は、1の通信メッセージを送信した。
リーフ・ノードGは、1の通信メッセージを送信した。
メイン・ノード4は、1分だけ待機し、以下の統計を記録する。
メイン・ノード2は、51の通信メッセージを送信した。
リーフ・ノードGは、54の通信メッセージを送信した。
リーフ・ノードHは、1の通信メッセージを送信した。
メイン・ノード4は、1分以内に通信メッセージを全く受信しないすべての接続を廃棄するように構成されているので、リーフ・ノードHへの接続を廃棄する。
この例では、メイン・ノード4は、すべての接続からいくつのサーチ・リクエストを受信しているかをモニタし、それを平均と比較することによって、その接続を最適化するようにプログラムされている。ある接続が平均に満たない場合には、その接続は切断される。メイン・ノード4は、以下の統計を記録する。
メイン・ノード3は、1のサーチ・リクエストを送信した。
リーフ・ノードGは、1のサーチ・リクエストを送信した。
メイン・ノード4は、5分だけ待機し、以下の統計を記録する。
メイン・ノード2は、51のサーチ・リクエストを送信した。
リーフ・ノードGは、54のサーチ・リクエストを送信した。
リーフ・ノードHは、1のサーチ・リクエストを送信した。
メイン・ノード4は、すべてのメッセージのデルタを相互に加算し、4で除算して38.75という平均を得る。メイン・ノード4は、平均より下のすべての接続を廃棄するように構成されているので、リーフ・ノードHへの接続を廃棄する。
この例では、ノードCは、最大で3つの他のノードに接続することを望んでいる。そのキャッシュには、以下のエントリを有する。
ノードH
ノードL
ノードV
ノードB
ノードO
ノードE
ノードD
ノードCは、最大で2つの同時的な接続の試みだけを有し、それぞれの接続の試みのために10秒だけ待機するように構成されている。ノードCは、ノードA及びノードHに接続することを試みる。ノードCは、ノードAに接続し、接続を確立する。ノードCは、ノードHへの接続の試みを待機し続ける。ノードCはノードAに接続したので、1つの接続スロットの空きが存在し、従って、ノードCはノードVへの接続を試みる。ノードHへの接続の試みは失敗し、従って、接続スロットの空きが1つ存在する。ノードCはノードBへの接続を試み、この接続の試みは成功する。再び接続スロットの空きが1つ存在するので、ノードCは、ノードOへの接続を試みる。エラーが直ちに生じ、同時に、ノードVへの接続の試みも同様に失敗する。この時点で、接続スロットの空きが2つ存在する。ノードCは、ノードE及びノードDへの接続を試みる。ノードCのノードDに対する接続の試みは成功する。10秒後に、ノードEへの接続の試みは失敗する。
Claims (4)
- ピアツーピア・ネットワークを監視する負荷を分割する方法であって、前記方法は、前記ピアツーピア・ネットワークにおける第1のノードで、
(a)前記ピアツーピア・ネットワークにおけるマスタ・ノードから情報を受けるステップであって、前記情報は、前記ピアツーピア・ネットワークにおける第2のノードにどのノードが接続されたかに関する情報を含む、ステップと、
(b)前記第2のノードにどのノードが接続されたかに関する前記情報に基づく、前記第2のノードに接続されたノードへの接続リクエストの否定を受け、それによって、前記第1のノードが、前記第2のノードに接続されたノードとは異なるノードに接続されるようにするステップであって、前記第2のノードは、前記マスタ・ノード及び前記第1のノードとは異なる、ステップと、
(c)前記第1のノードにどのノードが接続されたかに関する情報を含む情報を前記マスタ・ノードに報告して、前記マスタ・ノードへの通信経路を保持する前記第2のノードも報告された前記情報へのアクセスを有するようにするステップと
を含み、それによって、前記第1のノードと前記第2のノードとの間で前記ピアツーピア・ネットワークを監視する前記負荷を分割することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記第2のノードは、前記第1のノードが報告する前記情報を、前記マスタ・ノードから受けることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、接続するノードに関連した情報を前記第1のノードのキャッシュに記憶するステップを更に含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法において、前記キャッシュをクリアするステップを更に含むことを特徴とする方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/764,111 US7761569B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2004-01-23 | Method for monitoring and providing information over a peer to peer network |
US10/764,111 | 2004-01-23 | ||
US11/039,981 US8095614B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-01-21 | Method for optimally utilizing a peer to peer network |
US11/039,981 | 2005-01-21 |
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JP2006551220A Division JP4671972B2 (ja) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-01-21 | ピアツーピア・ネットワークの最適利用方法 |
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JP2011066934A JP2011066934A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
JP5470228B2 true JP5470228B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
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JP2006551221A Active JP4714698B2 (ja) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-01-21 | ピアツーピア・ネットワーク通信の改善方法 |
JP2010266351A Active JP5470228B2 (ja) | 2004-01-23 | 2010-11-30 | ピアツーピア・ネットワークの最適利用方法 |
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US (15) | US7761569B2 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4714698B2 (ja) |
CN (4) | CN101964811A (ja) |
AU (2) | AU2010214672B2 (ja) |
HK (2) | HK1105147A1 (ja) |
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US7761569B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2010-07-20 | Tiversa, Inc. | Method for monitoring and providing information over a peer to peer network |
US7719971B1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2010-05-18 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Peer proxy binding |
US7865828B1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2011-01-04 | Mcafee, Inc. | System, method and computer program product for updating help content via a network |
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