JP5468107B2 - Steel plate for rotor core of embedded permanent magnet motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a steel plate for a rotor core of a permanent magnet embedded motor used mainly in an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a machine tool.

In general, an embedded permanent magnet motor (hereinafter referred to as an “IPM motor”) uses an expensive permanent magnet as compared with an induction motor, and thus is high in cost but is highly efficient. It has been widely used as a drive motor, a power generation motor, and a motor for various machine tools.
The core of an IPM motor is divided into a stator and a rotor. Since an AC magnetic field is directly applied to the stator through a winding, the core must have high permeability for high efficiency. At the same time, it was necessary to increase the volume resistivity and reduce the iron loss. Therefore, an electromagnetic steel sheet in which soft magnetic properties are improved by adding Si to an extremely low carbon steel is used for the iron core for the stator.

On the other hand, a permanent magnet is embedded on the rotor side, and the iron core plays a role of increasing the magnetic flux density mainly as a yoke, and although it is affected by a slight alternating magnetic field generated from the stator side, the influence is limited. Thus, the magnetic flux density needs to be increased, but the iron loss does not greatly affect the performance of the motor. Therefore, it was not necessary to use a magnetic steel sheet advantageous in iron loss characteristics as the iron core material. However, if the electromagnetic steel sheet is used only for the stator, the product yield of the electromagnetic steel sheet is reduced and the manufacturing cost of the motor is increased. Therefore, the same electromagnetic steel sheet as that of the stator side is usually used as the material.
Generally, the efficiency of a motor becomes better as the rotational speed of the rotor is increased. However, since the permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor, if the rotational speed becomes too fast, the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet causes the rotor to move. The vicinity of the salient pole part is deformed and comes into contact with the stator, and eventually the motor is damaged.

The limit of the rotational speed depends on the yield strength of the rotor core when the shape of the rotor core is the same. For example, in the case of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet (35A300) containing about 3% Si The yield strength after magnetic annealing is about 400 N / mm ² , and at present, it is considered that the maximum rotational speed is about 15000 rpm. So far, various studies have been made to increase the yield strength of iron cores based on electromagnetic steel sheets.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to a magnetic steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties and deformation resistance and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a steel plate and a method for manufacturing the steel plate that are compatible with high strength by paying attention to improvement of eddy current loss rather than hysteresis loss among iron loss characteristics. The manufacturing method is characterized in that C is made higher than that of a normal electromagnetic steel sheet and transformation transformation is strengthened by continuous annealing equipment.

JP 2005-133175 A JP 2005-60811 A

  However, since the method proposed in Patent Document 1 focuses on improving the soft magnetic characteristics, sufficient strength cannot be ensured. Further, if the quenching process by the method proposed in Patent Document 2 is used, the hysteresis loss becomes too large to be sufficiently excited even when an AC magnetic field is applied, and the residual magnetic flux density is also lowered. As a result, the reluctance torque of the IPM motor is reduced and the motor efficiency is reduced. In FIG. 2 of Patent Document 2, the as-quenched invention steel has a lower eddy current loss than a normal electromagnetic steel sheet having the same volume resistivity. This is probably because the movement of the domain wall cannot follow the change of the magnetic field, and the change width of the magnetic field is apparently reduced. That is, in the thing of patent document 2, since the dislocation density in steel is very high and it is entangled intricately, even if it excites, the movement of a magnetic wall cannot follow the change of a magnetic field, As a result, magnetic flux The density value is low.

  The present invention has been devised to solve such a problem, and when used as a rotor core of an IPM motor, it is possible to increase the strength without causing a decrease in reluctance torque of the IPM motor. It aims at providing the steel plate for rotor iron cores.

In order to achieve the object, the IPM motor steel plate for rotor core of the present invention has C: 0.462-0.90 mass%, Si: 0.05-3.0 mass%, Mn: 0.2-2. 0.5% by mass, P: 0.05% by mass or less, S: 0.02% by mass or less, acid-soluble Al: 0.005 to 4.95% by mass, and Si + Al: 5.0% by mass or less Including one or two or more of Ti, Nb, and V as required in total, 0.01 to 0.20% by mass, or, if necessary, Mo: 0.1 to 0.6% by mass, Cr : 0.1-1.0% by mass and B: 0.0005-0.005% by mass, the remainder has a component composition consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, 780 N / mm in the tensile test ² or more yield strength, and the magnetic flux density _{B 4000} at 4000A / m of magnetic field becomes more 1.2T Wherein the exhibiting of.
The steel sheet for rotor core of the IPM motor of the present invention may further have an organic component insulating film, an inorganic component insulating film, and an organic / inorganic composite component insulating film on at least one surface. preferable.

Such a steel sheet for a rotor core of an IPM motor, which exhibits a yield strength of 780 N / mm ² or more in a tensile test and a magnetic field strength at which the magnetic flux density B _{4000 at 4000} A / m is 1.2 T or more, has the above component composition. The hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled, heated to 750 ° C. or higher in a continuous annealing line or continuous quenching line, cooled to 450 ° C. or lower at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or higher, and then into a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. Manufactured by holding for 120s or longer.
The cooling in the continuous annealing line is preferably gas jet cooling or air-water cooling. Further, after passing through the continuous annealing line, cold rolling with an elongation of 0.5 to 10.0% may be performed inline or offline.

The steel sheet for the rotor core of the IPM motor as described above is obtained by subjecting the hot-rolled steel sheet having the above composition to cold rolling at least once or including intermediate annealing to a predetermined thickness, and then 200 It is also produced by heating to a temperature of ~ 500 ° C.
The steel sheet for the rotor core of the IPM motor as described above is further subjected to a hot rolling steel sheet having the above-described composition composition at a predetermined thickness by subjecting it to cold rolling twice or more including intermediate annealing. It is also produced by passing a roll leveler under conditions where the maximum strain amount is 0.15% or more.

Then, an insulating film of an organic component, an insulating film of an inorganic component, and an insulating film of an organic / inorganic composite component are formed on at least one surface of the obtained cold-rolled sheet and used as a rotor core of an IPM motor.
When heating a cold-rolled material, after cold rolling, an insulating film of an organic component, an insulating film of an inorganic component, and an insulating film of an organic / inorganic composite component are formed on at least one surface of the cold-rolled sheet. The heat treatment is preferably performed simultaneously with the baking treatment of the insulating film.

According to the present invention, a steel sheet for a rotor core having excellent strength and magnetic properties is provided. Therefore, when the steel plate is used as a rotor core of an IPM motor, a rotor of an IPM motor that can rotate at high speed with high strength can be obtained without causing a decrease in reluctance torque of the IPM motor.
According to the present invention, high efficiency and further miniaturization of the high-speed rotary motor can be expected.

As a steel sheet for a rotor core of an IPM motor, the present inventors aim at high strength that can withstand high-speed rotation, and at the same time, minimize the deterioration of magnetic characteristics and maximize the effective use of motor reluctance torque. Explored. And the earnest examination of the component composition of a raw material and the adjustment | control method of a structure | tissue was attained, and the present invention was reached.
That is, when high strength is achieved by transformation or cold rolling, the dislocation structure introduced into the steel is annealed at a low temperature, or a dislocation structure that is intertwined with high density and complicated by passing through a roll leveler, etc. It was found that by rearranging and securing a region with a low dislocation density, it is possible to achieve both high strength that can withstand high-speed rotation and high magnetic flux density to obtain high reluctance torque.

Details of the present invention will be described below.
First, the component composition of steel constituting the steel sheet of the present invention will be described.
C: In order to obtain a yield strength of more than 0.06% to 0.90% by mass or less and 780N or more, it is necessary to contain C exceeding 0.06% by mass. However, if the content exceeds 0.90% by mass, the magnetic flux density is lowered.

Si: 0.05-3.0 mass%
Si is an element effective for increasing the strength and effective for increasing volume resistivity and reducing eddy current loss. In order to acquire the effect, it is necessary to contain 0.01 mass% or more. However, if the content exceeds 3.0% by mass, the toughness of the steel sheet deteriorates.
Mn: 0.2 to 2.5% by mass
Mn is an element effective for increasing the strength. In order to obtain the effect, it is necessary to contain at least 0.2% by mass or more. However, when the content exceeds 2.5% by mass, the effect of improving the strength is saturated and the magnetic flux density is reduced.

P: 0.05% by mass or less P is an element effective for increasing strength, but significantly reduces the toughness of steel. Since 0.05 mass% is acceptable, the upper limit is made 0.05 mass%.
S: 0.02% by mass or less S is an element that causes high-temperature embrittlement. If it is contained in a large amount, surface defects are generated during hot rolling, and surface quality is deteriorated. Therefore, it is desired to reduce as much as possible. Since 0.02% by mass is acceptable, the upper limit is made 0.02% by mass.

Acid-soluble Al: 0.001 to 4.95% by mass, Si + Al ≦ 5.0% by mass
In addition to being added as a deoxidizer, Al is an element effective for increasing the volume resistivity of steel in the same manner as Si. In order to exhibit the effect, it is necessary to contain at least 0.005% or more. However, if the total content of Si and Si exceeds 5% by mass, the magnetic flux density is greatly reduced and the motor performance is deteriorated.

Ti + Nb + V: 0.01 to 0.20%
Ti, Nb, and V are elements that form carbonitrides in steel and are effective for increasing the strength by precipitation strengthening. In order to obtain the effect, it is necessary to add 0.01% by mass or more of one type or two or more types in total. However, even if added over 0.20% by mass, the increase in strength is saturated due to the coarsening of precipitates, and the production cost is increased.

One or more of Mo: 0.1-0.6% by mass, Cr: 0.1-1.0% by mass and B: 0.0005-0.005% by mass are hardenability of steel. Is an element effective in increasing the strength and increasing the strength. In order to obtain the effect, it is necessary to add more than the lower limit of the setting. However, even if added in excess of the respective upper limit value, the effect is saturated and the manufacturing cost is increased. In addition, although the effect is recognized by single addition or combined addition, in the case of adding multiple additions, if the addition exceeds 1/2 of the set upper limit value, the increase in manufacturing cost will be larger than the effect, It is desirable to add in an amount of 1/2 or less.

Next, the manufacturing method of the steel plate for rotor cores of an IPM motor is demonstrated.
As described above, the steel sheet for the rotor core of the IPM motor adjusts the composition of the base steel sheet, anneals the dislocation structure introduced into the steel by transformation or cold rolling, or passes the roll leveler, etc. Thus, the region is rearranged to secure a region having a low dislocation density. Therefore, when manufacturing the steel sheet for rotor cores of the present invention, the processing conditions after cold rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet having a controlled composition are greatly affected. However, in the case of increasing the strength mainly by using work strengthening, it is advantageous to increase the strength of the material before cold rolling by appropriately controlling the hot rolling conditions.
The processing conditions after cold rolling are greatly affected. Below, the processing conditions etc. are demonstrated.

First, a method for increasing the strength of a steel sheet after cold rolling by continuous heat treatment will be described.
Annealing heating temperature: 750 ° C. or higher When increasing the strength by continuous heat treatment, a sufficient strength cannot be obtained if the heating temperature is less than 750 ° C. Therefore, it is heated to a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher.
Cooling conditions: Cool to 450 ° C. or less at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or more, hold at 200 to 500 ° C. for 120 s or more. Absent. On the other hand, when the holding temperature after cooling is less than 200 ° C. or the holding time is less than 120 s, rearrangement of dislocations is insufficient and the magnetic flux density is lowered. On the other hand, when the holding temperature exceeds 500 ° C., it becomes soft and sufficient strength cannot be obtained.

Cooling means:
As the cooling means in the continuous heat treatment, various methods such as gas jet, brackish water cooling, water-cooled roll cooling, water cooling, etc. are conceivable. Cooling or brackish water cooling is preferred. When the plate shape is deteriorated, the space factor upon lamination is inferior, so that the balance of the rotor is lost and the motor performance is deteriorated.
Light cold rolling after continuous heat treatment:
Usually, light cold rolling (skin pass rolling) is applied after heat treatment to improve the plate shape. In this case, the cold rolling rate is about 0.5 to 2.0%. However, in the present invention, the yield strength can be made higher than that of the heat treatment by further performing cold rolling of 2 to 10%. If the cold rolling rate exceeds 10%, it is difficult to deal with ordinary refining equipment (SKP rolling equipment), and so-called cold rolling is required, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost.

It is also possible to increase the strength of the steel sheet after cold rolling by further strengthening the work. Therefore, the method will be described.
Cold rolling conditions:
Cold-roll to a predetermined plate thickness by one or more cold rollings including intermediate annealing. If the cold rolling rate in the final cold rolling is less than 30%, it is necessary to increase the strength of the material before cold rolling because the margin for increasing strength is small, and the manufacturing cost is increased accordingly. Therefore, the cold rolling rate in the final cold rolling is desirably 30% or more.

Heat treatment after cold rolling:
After cold rolling, heat treatment is performed to a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. Below 200 ° C., rearrangement of dislocations is insufficient and the magnetic flux density becomes low. On the other hand, if the holding temperature exceeds 500 ° C., the softening becomes too large and sufficient strength cannot be obtained. The holding time is not particularly limited and may be 0 s. However, if the holding time is too long, the cost increases.

Roll leveler through plate after cold rolling:
After cold rolling, a roll leveler is passed under the condition that the maximum surface strain is 0.15% or more. If the maximum surface strain is less than 0.15%, rearrangement of dislocations due to repeated stress is not sufficient, and the magnetic flux density is low. The upper limit of the maximum surface strain is not particularly set, but if it exceeds 0.6%, the effect is saturated, and the plate passing property is unnecessarily impaired.

It is preferable to form an insulating film on the surface of the steel sheet, apart from which one of the above methods is adopted as a method for rearranging dislocations and securing a region having a low dislocation density.
Insulation coating:
In the present invention, for the purpose of reducing eddy current loss generated in the rotor, at least one surface of the steel sheet is coated with an organic component insulating film, an inorganic component insulating film, or an organic / inorganic composite component insulating film. It is preferable to do.
The insulating film is usually applied in the final step of the product. When the insulating film is applied, if the heating temperature of the baking process is set to 200 to 400 ° C., it also serves as the heat treatment of the invention described in claim 8. It is possible from the viewpoint of energy saving and manufacturing cost reduction.

Example 1;
Steel having the component composition shown in Table 1 is melted in vacuum, and these continuous cast pieces are heated to 1250 ° C., finish-rolled at 830 ° C. and wound at 560 ° C. to obtain a hot-rolled steel plate having a thickness of 1.8 mm. It was. The hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
The obtained cold-rolled steel sheet was cooled to 250 ° C. at a heating temperature of 850 ° C. and an average cooling rate of 75 ° C./s, and then subjected to continuous annealing for reheating to 400 ° C.
The annealed steel plate was subjected to skin pass rolling and light rolling up to 10% for some samples.
Thereafter, an insulating film having a thickness of about 1 μm and having a semi-organic composition containing Cr-based oxide and Mg-based oxide was applied to both surfaces of the steel sheet.

The obtained cold-rolled steel sheet was processed into a JIS No. 5 test piece and subjected to a tensile test. In addition, a ring-shaped test piece having an inner diameter of 33 mm and an outer diameter of 45 mm was produced by punching from both steel plates before and after applying the insulating film, and subjected to magnetization measurement. Further, a strip-shaped sample having a width of 10 mm was cut out from a direction parallel to the rolling direction and subjected to a 90 ° bending test with a tip r of 0.5 mm.
Table 2 shows the yield strength, tensile strength, magnetic flux density B _{4000 at 4000} A / m, and bending test results for each sample.
In Table 2, no cracking is indicated by ○, and occurrence of cracking is indicated by ×.

In No. 1 steel with low C content, the yield strength was low. In addition, the amount of C, Mn, Al and Si + Al added exceeds the scope of the invention. 10, 11 and no. In the 14 and 15 _{steel, B 4000} has been a less than 1.2T.
No. in which the addition amount of Si and P exceeds the scope of the invention Nos. 12 and 13 were inferior in bendability, and it became difficult to process the rotor shape.
On the other hand, other steels having a component composition that satisfies the scope of the present invention have high strength and high magnetic flux density, and are suitable for high-speed rotary motors that require mechanical strength.

As can be seen from Table 2, the presence or absence of application of the insulating film had no effect on the magnetic flux density, and it was confirmed that the value of B ₄₀₀₀ shows exactly the same value with and without the film. As described above, the presence or absence of the insulating film does not affect the magnetic flux density at all, but slightly affects the iron loss mainly composed of eddy current loss. Therefore, in the present invention, it is not necessary to apply, but application is slightly advantageous in terms of iron loss characteristics, and can be appropriately selected according to the performance level required for the motor.

Example 2;
No. in Table 1 The cold-rolled steel sheet obtained under the same production conditions as in Example 1 for 5 steel was subjected to heat treatment under the conditions shown in Table 3.
Thereafter, an insulating film having a thickness of about 1 μm and having a semi-organic composition containing Cr-based oxide and Mg-based oxide was applied to both surfaces of the steel sheet.
Table 4 summarizes the strength characteristics and magnetic characteristics obtained by conducting the same test as in Example 1 for the obtained steel sheet.
As can be seen from the results, when a heat treatment under the condition A within the scope of the present invention is performed, a strength of 780 N / mm ² or more and a high magnetic flux density are obtained. However, under conditions where the heating temperature is too low, B conditions where the cooling rate is slow, and D conditions where the reheating temperature is high, softening is large and the yield strength is below 780 N / mm ² . In addition, only a very low magnetic flux density was obtained under the E condition in which the reheating treatment was not performed and the material was quenched.

Example 3;
No. in Table 1 About 19 steel, the low temperature heating or the roll leveler was provided after cold-rolling on the cold-rolling conditions shown in Table 5 by using the hot-rolled steel plate obtained on the manufacturing conditions similar to Example 1 as a raw material.
Thereafter, except for the condition H, an insulating film having a thickness of about 1 μm having a semi-organic composition containing a Cr-based oxide and a Mg-based oxide was applied to both surfaces of the steel sheet. In addition, about conditions F and G, the special low temperature heating was not performed, but the heating at the time of baking of an insulating film was combined as low temperature annealing.
Table 6 summarizes the strength and magnetic properties obtained by conducting the same test as in Example 1 for the obtained steel plate.
In both low-temperature heating and leveler passing plate, H and low-straining level setting I and low heating temperature M and dislocation rearrangement do not proceed sufficiently, resulting in low magnetic flux density. It was. In addition, when the heating temperature is too high, a yield strength of 780 N / mm ² or more cannot be obtained.
Note that, in L where the maximum surface strain is large, each characteristic is satisfied, but the effect of improving the magnetic flux density is saturated. It is necessary to provide a roll leveler that gives a maximum surface strain of 0.15% or more, but it can be seen that applying a large strain exceeding 0.5% is not practical.

Claims (4)

C: 0.462-0.90 mass%, Si: 0.05-3.0 mass%, Mn: 0.2-2.5 mass%, P: 0.05 mass% or less, S: 0.02 Less than mass%, acid-soluble Al: 0.005 to 4.95 mass%, Si + Al: 5.0 mass% or less under the condition, the balance is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, tensile test A steel sheet for a rotor core of an IPM motor, which exhibits a yield strength of 780 N / mm ² or more and a magnetic field strength at which the magnetic flux density B _{4000 at 4000} A / m is 1.2 T or more.   Furthermore, the steel plate for rotor cores of the IPM motor of Claim 1 which contains 0.01-0.20 mass% of 1 type, or 2 or more types of Ti, Nb, and V in total.   Furthermore, it contains 1 or more types of Mo: 0.1-0.6 mass%, Cr: 0.1-1.0 mass%, and B: 0.0005-0.005 mass%. The steel sheet for rotor cores of the described IPM motor.   The steel sheet for a rotor core of an IPM motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which has an insulating film of an organic component, an insulating film of an inorganic component, and an insulating film of an organic / inorganic composite component on at least one surface.