JP5467977B2 - Internal air displacement measuring method and internal air displacement measuring system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an internal air displacement measuring method and an internal air displacement measuring system in tunnel internal air cross-sectional observation performed to confirm that the behavior of a natural ground is stabilized in tunnel excavation work.

  Generally, in tunnel excavation work, the tunnel face is perforated and charged with gunpowder, blown up, then slipped, hit, supported, primary lining, and placed with rock bolts. With this as one cycle, the excavation work cycle is repeated at a pitch of about 1.5 m. Then, behind the direction of excavation, the inner space displacement in the tunnel inner section is observed, and by confirming that this tunnel inner displacement has converged to a predetermined value, the behavior of the natural ground and the deformation of the tunnel inner space are confirmed. After confirming that was stable, perform the final secondary lining. The cross section of this secondary lining is the design cross section of the completion of the tunnel excavation work.

  Here, a conventional method for measuring the inner space displacement of the tunnel inner space section will be described. FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a conventional method for measuring the internal displacement. FIG. 18 shows a state in which the internal displacement of the internal section of the tunnel is measured near the face in tunnel excavation work. In FIG. 18, reference numeral 35 denotes a prism target (or a reflective sheet target), 40 denotes a reflective sheet target (or a prism target), 50 denotes a total station, and 60 denotes a personal computer.

  In order to observe the inner space displacement, for example, a measurement section for observation and measurement is selected at a pitch of 10 m in the excavation direction. Reflective sheet targets 40 are attached to five points (or three points) of the selected measurement section, and the positions of these reflective sheet targets 40 are measured by the total station 50. The position coordinates of the total station 50 can be determined by measuring the position of the prism target 35 attached to a point where the position coordinates are known on the empty wall surface in the tunnel by measuring the total station 50. In addition, at the second timing after a predetermined time has elapsed from the first timing, the positions of the five reflection sheet targets 40 as described above are measured by the total station 50.

A method of processing the measurement data acquired as described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining data processing in a conventional inner-space displacement measuring method. In FIG. 19, the solid line indicates the shape of the inner space when measured at the first timing, and the dotted line indicates the shape of the inner space when measured at the second timing. Further, points P _{1 to} P ₅ are the positions of the reflective sheet target 40 measured at the first timing, and points P ₁ ′ to P ₅ ′ are points of the reflective sheet target 40 measured at the second timing. Position. In the calculation of the conventional inner space displacement, as shown in FIG. 19, and obtains a difference dropped from _one point to P ₅ points P vertically downward to P ₁ 'point to P _5' point, as the internal air displacement with It was. As a method of grasping the deformation of the sky in the tunnel, two different points are selected from points P _{1 to} P _{5 and} how the distance between the two points is displaced after a predetermined time has elapsed is calculated. It should be noted that this method is also used.

  In the tunnel excavation work so far, the above second timing measurement is repeated for several days, and the observation and measurement are continued until it is confirmed that the air displacement in the tunnel converges to a predetermined value. Yes.

Note that a technique for measuring an empty section in a tunnel with a total station is disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-165656) and the like.
JP 2001-165656 A

  In the conventional inner-air displacement measuring method as described above, it is necessary to attach the reflective sheet target 40 to the inner-air cross section to be measured, so the number of points at which the inner-air displacement can be measured is limited to 3 or 5 points. There was a problem that the measurement accuracy was limited.

  Further, in the conventional inner-air displacement measuring method, since there is a trouble of attaching the reflective sheet target 40, the pitch of the inner-air cross section selected for performing the measurement is, for example, every 10 m, and viewed in the excavation direction, There is also a problem that the measurement accuracy is limited in that the frequency of cross sections that can be measured is limited.

  Moreover, in the conventional internal-air displacement measuring method, in order to prevent the reflection sheet target 40 attached to a measurement cross section from being influenced by blasting, the distance between the cutting face and the measurement cross section needs to be sufficiently large. For this reason, the measurement start timing of the inner space displacement is delayed, and there is a problem that it is impossible to measure the behavior of the initial displacement which is important in predicting the variation of the inner space displacement.

Moreover, in the conventional inner-air displacement measuring method, the effort which attaches the reflective sheet target 40 to a measurement cross section is required, and there existed a problem that the efficiency of a measurement was bad. In particular, in order to attach the reflective sheet target 40 to a high place such as the P ₁ point, a high place working vehicle is required, and there is a problem that efficiency is poor in terms of work.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a method for measuring an inner space displacement of a tunnel inner space with a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the position coordinates in the tunnel inner space are known. A target mounting step of attaching a laser scanner target to a laser beam, a scan data acquisition step of acquiring scan data by scanning a space inside the tunnel including the laser scanner target with a three-dimensional laser scanner, and a tunnel cross section of interest from the scan data An internal shape line acquiring step for acquiring an internal shape line, a superposition step for superimposing a spring line and a center line based on tunnel design data on the internal shape line, the internal shape line and the spring line And the center line A predetermined section deriving step for deriving a predetermined section, a center of gravity position calculating step for calculating a center of gravity position in the predetermined section derived by the predetermined section deriving step, and scan data acquired at the first timing. An internal air displacement calculating step of calculating an air displacement in the tunnel based on a difference between the gravity center position and the gravity center position calculated from scan data acquired at a second timing different from the first timing; This is an internal displacement measurement method.

Further, the invention according to claim 2 is a method for measuring an inner space displacement in the tunnel interior by means of a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the target attachment for attaching the laser scanner target to a point where the position coordinates in the tunnel interior is known is known. A scan data acquisition step of acquiring scan data by scanning the inside of the tunnel including the laser scanner target with a three-dimensional laser scanner; and acquiring an internal shape line in the tunnel cross section of interest from the scan data An empty shape line acquisition step, an end step for extracting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position on the inner empty shape line, and the inner empty shape line based on the scan data acquired at the first timing According to the first top end step for extracting the top end position and the first top end step A first definition step of defining polar coordinates with an intersection obtained by dropping a perpendicular from a top end position extracted in this way to a line segment connecting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position, and the first definition step Based on a first predetermined declination position calculating step for calculating a position on the inner sky line that is a predetermined declination in polar coordinates defined in (2), and scan data acquired at a second timing different from the first timing. From the second top end step for extracting the top end position on the inner sky shape line and the top end position extracted by the second top end step, to a line segment connecting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position A second definition step of defining polar coordinates with the intersection obtained by dropping the perpendicular and the line segment; and a second step of calculating a position on the inner line that is a predetermined declination in the polar coordinates defined in the second definition step A predetermined declination position calculating step; An internal air displacement calculating step of calculating the air displacement in the tunnel based on the difference between the position calculated by the predetermined declination position calculating step and the position calculated by the second predetermined declination position calculating step. This is a characteristic method for measuring the displacement of the inner space.

Further, the invention according to claim 3 is a method of measuring the inner space displacement of the tunnel inner space with a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the target attachment for attaching the laser scanner target to the point where the position coordinates in the tunnel inner space are known is known. A scan data acquisition step of acquiring scan data by scanning the inside of the tunnel including the laser scanner target with a three-dimensional laser scanner; and acquiring an internal shape line in the tunnel cross section of interest from the scan data An empty line acquisition step, an end step for extracting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position on the inner empty shape line, and an intermediate point between the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position extracted in the end step, A definition step for defining polar coordinates by a line segment connecting the rightmost position and the leftmost position; A predetermined declination position calculation step of calculating a position on the inner line that is a predetermined declination in the polar coordinates defined in the above, and the predetermined declination position calculation step based on the scan data acquired at the first timing The inner displacement of the tunnel is calculated based on the difference between the determined position and the position calculated in the predetermined declination position calculation step based on the scan data acquired at a second timing different from the first timing. An internal displacement measuring method comprising: an internal displacement calculating step.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an internal air displacement measuring system that calculates the internal air displacement of the tunnel using the internal air displacement measuring method according to any of the first to third aspects. .

  According to the inner space displacement measuring method and the inner space displacement measuring system of the present invention, since the scan data obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner is used, the inner space displacement at an infinite number of points can be obtained, and the measurement accuracy is improved.

  Further, according to the inner air displacement measuring method and the inner air displacement measuring system of the present invention, since scan data by a three-dimensional laser scanner is used, the frequency of the cross section that can be measured in the excavation direction is innumerable, and the excavation direction In this case, the measurement accuracy is improved.

  Further, according to the inner air displacement measuring method and the inner air displacement measuring system of the present invention, since it is not necessary to attach the reflective sheet target 40, it is possible to perform measurement even when the face is close to the measurement cross section. Therefore, it is possible to advance the measurement start timing (first timing) of the inner space displacement, and it is possible to measure the initial displacement behavior that is important in predicting the variation of the inner space displacement.

  In addition, according to the inner air displacement measuring method and the inner air displacement measuring system of the present invention, it is not necessary to attach the reflective sheet target 40 to the measurement cross section, so that the inner air displacement can be measured simply and efficiently. It becomes possible.

It is a figure explaining the internal air displacement measuring method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flow of the measurement procedure in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the measurement data process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the inner space displacement measuring method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the inner space displacement measuring method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the determination process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the measurement data process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the inner space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the determination process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the measurement data process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the inner space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the determination process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the measurement data process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the inner space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the determination process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the measurement data process in the internal space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the inner space displacement measuring method which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the conventional inner-air displacement measuring method. It is a figure explaining the data processing in the conventional inner-air displacement measuring method.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an internal displacement measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the measurement for the displacement of the interior of the tunnel in the tunnel is performed by the interior displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment near the face in the tunnel excavation work. In the inner space displacement measuring method according to the embodiment, the inner space measurement is performed in the order of FIG. 1 (A) → FIG. 1 (B) → FIG. 1 (C). In FIG. 1, 5 indicates a laser scanner target, 10 indicates a three-dimensional laser scanner, and 20 indicates a personal computer. The laser scanner target 5, the three-dimensional laser scanner 10, and the personal computer 20 in FIG. 1 all constitute an internal displacement measurement system according to the present invention.

  As the three-dimensional laser scanner 10, a commercially available one can be used, and in this embodiment, a phased rotating mirror measuring method is used. This three-dimensional laser scanner 10 is a surface scanner capable of measuring 1.4 million to 700 million points on the empty wall surface in the tunnel.

As the personal computer 20, a general-purpose computer that is currently popular can be used. The personal computer 20 and the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 are communicably connected to each other by interface means provided in the personal computer 20 so that the scan data acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 is taken into the personal computer 20. It has become. As a result, the personal computer 2
The scan data can be displayed graphically on the 0 display means or the scan data can be analyzed. The storage means of the personal computer 20 stores tunnel design data 25 including tunnel linear data in addition to software for graphic display and scan data analysis as described above. Data 25 is used when scan data is processed. The tunnel design data 25 is specifically position coordinate data of the tunnel spring line SL and position coordinate data of the center line CL.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the flow of the measurement procedure in the internal displacement measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 1 as appropriate, the measurement procedure in the internal displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment will be described following the flow of FIG.

  When measurement is started in step S100, in step S101, as shown in FIG. 1A, the laser scanner target 5 is attached to three points whose position coordinates on the empty wall surface in the tunnel are known. The laser scanner target 5 is provided to specify the position coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner 10.

  In step S102, the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 is installed as shown in FIG.

  In step S103, as shown in FIG. 1C, the laser scanner target 5 placed on three known points (absolute position coordinates) is scanned by causing the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 to perform a scanning operation.

  In step S104, as shown in FIG. 1 (C), the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 is operated to scan the sky surface in the tunnel.

  In step S105, measurement date data is acquired. For acquisition of such measurement date and time data, a time measuring means built in the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 or the personal computer 20 is used.

  In step S106, a series of scan data including the measurement date data acquired in step S105 is stored. This scan data is transferred to the personal computer 20 so that the measurement data can be processed by the personal computer 20.

  In step S107, the measurement ends.

  Next, data processing in the personal computer 20 of the scan data acquired as described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a flowchart of measurement data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 3, when measurement data processing in the interior displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment is started in step S200, subsequently, scan data to be processed is acquired in step S201. In the next step S202, position coordinates at a three-dimensional laser scanner installation point are calculated from three known points (position coordinates of three laser scanner targets 5). In this specification, the “three-dimensional laser scanner installation point” refers to the machine center of the three-dimensional laser scanner 10.

In step S <b> 203, an inner shape line in the target cross section is acquired from the scan data. The solid line in FIG. 4 is the interior shape line of the interior section of the tunnel obtained in step S203. Such a hollow shape line can be constituted by a point group in scan data measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 and a line for interpolating the point group. As an algorithm for interpolating the point group of the scan data, a conventionally known algorithm can be appropriately used.

  In step S204, a process of extracting the spring line SL and the center line CL in the cross section of interest from the design data 25 and superimposing them on the previous inner shape line is executed. The dotted lines in FIG. 4 are the spring line SL and the center line CL that are superimposed on the inner sky shape line in step S204.

In the next step S205, perpendicular lengths V ₀ , V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ ,... Are calculated. Here, the concept of the perpendicular length in the internal air displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is obtained by adding the length of the perpendicular to FIG.

In the internal displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment, a predetermined distance (H ₀ (= 0), H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ ,...) Is separated from the intersection O of the spring line SL and the center line CL. The base point (A ₀ (= 0), A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ ,...) On the spring line SL, and the intersection point (P ₀₎ where the perpendicular to the spring line at such a base point intersects the inner shape line. , P ₁ , P ₂
, P ₃ ,...) Is calculated as a perpendicular length (V ₀ , V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ ,...). In FIG. 5, as the intersection where the perpendicular to the spring line at the base point and the inner shape line intersect, the one on the upper side of the inner shape line (inner section of the upper half of the tunnel) is selected. You may make it further select the thing of the lower side of an empty shape line (inner empty section of a tunnel lower half). The intervals between the intersections (P ₀ , P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ ,...) Are selected as shown in the figure, but by increasing the number of such intersections, the interval between the intersections can be reduced. It can also be narrowed to increase measurement accuracy. Theoretically, there can be an infinite number of intersections as described above, but in practice, it is considered that the number of intersections may be about five.

  In step S206, the processed data processed as described above is stored together with the measurement date and time data, and in step S207, the measurement data processing is terminated.

  Next, a description will be given of a determination process for comparing the data processed as described above, obtaining an inner space displacement of the inner surface section, and determining whether or not to continue observation on the target section. In the following, terms such as “first timing” and “second timing” are used. These two timings are timings when scan data is acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10, and at arbitrary timings different from each other. I just need it. However, practically, it is appropriate to use the “second timing” that is about one day after the “first timing”.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a flowchart of the determination process in the internal displacement measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, when the determination process is started in step S300, in subsequent step S301, processed data based on the scan data acquired at the first timing is acquired,
In step S302, processed data based on the scan data acquired at the second timing is acquired.

In step S303, the perpendicular length (V ₀ , V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ ,...) Based on the scan data acquired at the first timing and the scan data acquired at the second timing are used. Vertical length Difference between vertical length (V ₀ ′, V ₁ ′, V ₂ ′, V ₃ ′,...) (V ₀ −V ₀ ′, V ₁ −V ₁ ′, V ₂ −V ₂ ′, V ₃ −V ₃ ′,. Each of these differences
It shows the air displacement in the tunnel.

  In step S304, it is determined whether or not each difference is within a predetermined value. When the determination in step S304 is YES, the process proceeds to step S305, where it is determined that it is not necessary to continue observing the cross section of interest in the sky in the tunnel.

  On the other hand, if the determination in step S304 is NO, the process proceeds to step S306, where it is determined that the observation of the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior needs to be continued. In step S307, the determination process ends.

  The following is a summary of the internal air displacement measurement method according to the present invention configured as described above, and the effects that can be enjoyed by the internal air displacement measurement system configured based on such a method.

  In the conventional method of measuring the inner space displacement by the total station 50, the number of reflection sheet targets 40 that can be attached is substantially limited, so that the inner space displacement calculation points in the measurement section are limited. According to the inner space displacement measuring method and the inner space displacement measuring system of the invention, since the scan data by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 is used, it is possible to obtain the inner space displacement at an infinite number of points, and the measurement accuracy is improved.

  Further, in the conventional method of measuring the inner space displacement by the total station 50, the measurement cross section set in the excavation direction is substantially limited, so that the measurement cross section in the excavation direction is also limited. According to the inner space displacement measuring method and the inner space displacement measuring system, since the scan data by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 is used, the frequency of cross sections that can be measured in the excavation direction is innumerable, and measurement is also performed in the excavation direction. Accuracy is improved.

  Further, in the conventional method of measuring the internal displacement by the total station 50, the distance between the face and the measurement cross section (D in FIG. 18) is set so that the reflection sheet target 40 attached to the measurement cross section is not affected by blasting. Therefore, measurement of the internal air displacement cannot be measured, which is important in predicting the variation of the internal air displacement. According to the measurement method and the internal displacement measurement system, since it is not necessary to attach the reflection sheet target 40, the measurement is performed even when the face (D in FIG. 1) is close to the distance between the cut face and the measurement cross section (target cross section). It is possible to measure the initial internal displacement behavior that is important in predicting the fluctuation of the internal displacement of the tunnel.

  Further, in the conventional method of measuring the internal displacement by the total station 50, it is necessary to use an aerial work vehicle and to attach the reflective sheet target 40 to the measurement cross section, and the measurement efficiency is poor. According to the inner air displacement measuring method and the inner air displacement measuring system of the present invention, it is not necessary to attach the reflective sheet target 40 to the measurement cross section, so that the air displacement in the tunnel can be measured simply and efficiently. Become.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The scan data acquisition method using the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 in the present embodiment is the same as in the previous embodiment. On the other hand, the present embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in the data processing method of the acquired scan data in the personal computer 20. Specifically, in the previous embodiment, the vertical line length was used in the data processing / determination process, but in this embodiment, the horizontal line length is used in the data processing / determination process. . Hereinafter, this point will be described in more detail.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a flowchart of measurement data processing in the internal displacement measuring method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is data in the internal displacement measuring method according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining a process.

  In FIG. 7, when measurement data processing in the interior displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment is started in step S400, subsequently, scan data to be processed is acquired in step S401. In the next step S402, position coordinates at a three-dimensional laser scanner installation point are calculated from three known points (position coordinates of three laser scanner targets 5). Here, the three-dimensional laser scanner installation point is the machine center of the three-dimensional laser scanner 10.

  In step S403, an interior shape line in the cross section of interest is acquired from the scan data. The solid line in FIG. 4 is the interior shape line of the interior section of the tunnel obtained in step S403. Such a hollow shape line can be constituted by a point group in scan data measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 and a line for interpolating the point group. As an algorithm for interpolating the point group of the scan data, a conventionally known algorithm can be appropriately used.

  In step S404, a process of extracting the spring line SL and the center line CL in the cross section of interest from the design data 25 and superimposing them on the previous inner shape line is executed. The dotted lines in FIG. 4 are the spring line SL and the center line CL that are superimposed on the inner sky shape line in step S404.

In the next step S405, horizontal line lengths H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ ,... Are calculated. here,
The concept of the horizontal line length in the internal displacement measurement method according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is obtained by adding the horizontal line length and the like to FIG.

In the internal displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment, the center line CL that is a predetermined distance (V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ ,...) Away from the intersection O of the spring line SL and the center line CL.
The upper base point (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ ,...) And the intersection point (P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ ,. .) Is calculated as the horizontal line length (H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ ,...). In FIG. 8, the right side of the inner shape line is selected as the intersection point of the perpendicular to the center line CL at the base point and the inner shape line, but the left side of the inner shape line is selected. You may make it select.

Further, the intervals between the intersections (P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ ,...) Are selected as shown in the figure, but by increasing the number of such intersections, the interval between the intersections is made narrower. Thus, the measurement accuracy can be increased. Theoretically, there can be an infinite number of intersections as described above, but in practice, it is considered that the number of intersections may be about five.

  In step S406, the processed data processed as described above is stored together with the measurement date and time data, and in step S407, the measurement data processing is terminated.

Next, a description will be given of a determination process for comparing the data processed as described above, obtaining an inner space displacement of the inner surface section, and determining whether or not to continue observation on the target section. In the following, terms such as “first timing” and “second timing” are used. These two timings are timings when scan data is acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10, and at arbitrary timings different from each other. I just need it. However, practically, it is appropriate to use the “second timing” that is about one day after the “first timing”.

  FIG. 9 is a view showing a flowchart of the determination process in the internal displacement measuring method according to another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 9, when the determination process is started in step S500, processed data based on the scan data acquired at the first timing is acquired in step S501, and acquired in the second timing in step S502. Obtain processed data based on the scanned data.

In step S503, the horizontal line length (H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ ,...) Based on the scan data acquired at the first timing and the horizontal line length based on the scan data acquired at the second timing. Differences between horizontal line lengths (H ₁ ', H ₂ ', H ₃ ', ...) (H ₁ -H ₁ ',
H ₂ −H ₂ ′, H ₃ −H ₃ ′,. Each of these differences indicates the air displacement within the tunnel.

  In step S504, it is determined whether or not each difference is within a predetermined value. When the determination in step S504 is YES, the process proceeds to step S505, where it is determined that it is not necessary to continue observing the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior.

  On the other hand, if the determination in step S504 is NO, the process proceeds to step S506, where it is determined that the observation of the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior needs to be continued. In step S507, the determination process ends.

    The effects similar to those of the previous embodiment can be obtained also by the method of measuring the internal air displacement and the internal air displacement measuring system according to other embodiments of the present invention as described above.

  In the previous embodiment, the vertical line length is used in the data processing / determination process, and in this embodiment, the horizontal line length is used in the data processing / determination process. It is also possible to make use of both the perpendicular length and the horizontal length in the processing.

  Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The scan data acquisition method using the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 in the present embodiment is the same as in the previous embodiment. On the other hand, since this embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in the data processing method of the acquired scan data in the personal computer 20, this point will be described below. FIG. 7 is a view showing a flowchart of measurement data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 shows data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining.

  In FIG. 7, when measurement data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment is started in step S600, subsequently, scan data to be processed is acquired in step S601. In the next step S602, position coordinates at a three-dimensional laser scanner installation point are calculated from three known points (position coordinates of three laser scanner targets 5).

In step S603, an interior shape line in the cross section of interest is acquired from the scan data. The solid line in FIG. 11 is the inner shape line of the tunnel inner section obtained in step S603. Such a hollow shape line can be constituted by a point group in scan data measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 and a line for interpolating the point group. As an algorithm for interpolating the point group of the scan data, a conventionally known algorithm can be appropriately used.

  In step S604, the spring line SL and the center line CL in the cross section of interest are extracted from the design data 25, and a process of superimposing them on the previous inner shape line is executed. The dotted lines in FIG. 4 are the spring line SL and the center line CL that are superimposed on the inner sky shape line in step S604.

  In the next step S605, a process for deriving a predetermined section is executed. Here, referring to FIG. 11, the “upper right section” defined in the upper right half of the tunnel inner cross section and the “upper left section” defined in the upper left half of the tunnel inner section are defined as predetermined sections (ie, , When two predetermined sections are defined).

  In the present embodiment, in order to derive a predetermined section, a line XX ′ separated from the spring line SL by a distance D vertically above is obtained, and this line XX ′ is the left end of the inner shape line and the inner shape line. Is defined as L, the point where the line XX ′ intersects the center line CL is defined as O ′, and the point where the line XX ′ intersects the inner empty shape line at the right end of the inner empty shape line is defined as R. It is defined as A point where the center line CL intersects the inner sky shape line at the upper end of the inner sky shape line is defined as C. At this time, in step S605, the “upper right section” is derived as a section surrounded by O ′, C, and L in the inner shape line, and the “upper left section” is defined by O ′, C, and R in the inner shape line. Derived as enclosed sections.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, two predetermined sections of “upper right section” and “upper left section” are defined. However, how such a section is defined can be arbitrarily determined. it can. For example, only one section in the upper half of the tunnel can be defined as a predetermined section, two sections in the upper half and the lower half can be defined as a predetermined section, and more predetermined numbers can be defined. It is also possible to define the section as an empty section in the tunnel.

In the next step S606, the calculated respectively gravity center position G ₁ center of gravity G ₂ of the "upper left compartment" of the "upper right compartment" obtained in deriving step in the step S606. In calculating the center of gravity, a conventionally known algorithm can be used as appropriate.

  In step S607, the processed data processed as described above is stored together with the measurement date and time data, and in step S608, the measurement data processing is terminated.

  Next, the data processed as described above are compared with each other, the inner space displacement in the predetermined section focused in the inner space section is obtained, and further, whether or not the observation in the section of interest should be continued is determined. The determination process will be described. In the following, terms such as “first timing” and “second timing” are used. These two timings are timings when scan data is acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10, and at arbitrary timings different from each other. I just need it. However, practically, it is appropriate to use the “second timing” that is about one day after the “first timing”.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a flowchart of the determination process in the internal displacement measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 12, when the determination process is started in step S700, in subsequent step S701, processed data based on the scan data acquired at the first timing is acquired.
In step S702, processed data based on the scan data acquired at the second timing is acquired.

At step S703, based on the scan data obtained at the first timing gravity center position G ₁ "upper right compartment" center of gravity G ₂ of the "upper left compartment", and, based on the scan data obtained at the second timing gravity center position G ₁ of the "upper right compartment" calculates the difference between the '' upper left compartment "gravity center position G ₂ of the _{'(G 1 -G 1',} G 2 -G 2 '). Each of these differences indicates the displacement in the tunnel as viewed from the center of gravity of the predetermined section.

  In step S704, it is determined whether or not each difference is within a predetermined value. When the determination in step S704 is YES, the process proceeds to step S705, and it is determined that it is not necessary to continue observation of the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior.

  On the other hand, if the determination in step S704 is NO, the process proceeds to step S706, where it is determined that the observation of the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior needs to be continued. In step S707, the determination process ends.

  The effects similar to those of the previous embodiment can be obtained also by the method of measuring the internal air displacement and the internal air displacement measuring system according to other embodiments of the present invention as described above. In addition, in order to determine the displacement of the tunnel in the air section, the two methods of the embodiment described so far and the method of the present embodiment are implemented, and from these, the tunnel interior sky is changed comprehensively. It is also an effective method to grasp the condition.

  Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The scan data acquisition method using the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 in the present embodiment is the same as in the previous embodiment. On the other hand, since this embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in the data processing method of the acquired scan data in the personal computer 20, this point will be described below. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a flowchart of measurement data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 shows data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining.

  In FIG. 13, when measurement data processing in the interior displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment is started in step S800, subsequently, scan data to be processed is acquired in step S801. In the next step S802, position coordinates at a three-dimensional laser scanner installation point are calculated from three known points (position coordinates of three laser scanner targets 5).

  In step S <b> 803, an interior shape line in the target cross section is acquired from the scan data. The dotted line or the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. In addition, the continuous line in FIG. 14 has shown the design cross section. The inner shape line as described above can be constituted by a point group in scan data measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 and a line for interpolating the point group. As an algorithm for interpolating the point group of the scan data, a conventionally known algorithm can be appropriately used.

  In step S804, it is determined whether the data processing is the first time. When the result of the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S805, and when it is NO, step S805 is skipped and the process proceeds to step S806.

In step S805, the by analyzing the empty shape lines among acquired, the rightmost position R of the line (x-coordinate in FIG. 14 is X _max position), the leftmost position L (
In FIG. 14, the position where the x coordinate is X _min is extracted.

In step S806, by analyzing the acquired interior shape line, the top end position T (position where the y coordinate is Y _max in FIG. 14) or T ′ (the y coordinate is Y ′ in FIG. 14) of the line. extract the position of _max ).

  In step S807, a perpendicular line (TO or T'O ') is drawn from the top end position (T or T') to a line segment RL connecting the rightmost end position R and the leftmost end position L.

  In step S808, (polar) coordinates are defined with the intersection (O or O ') between the perpendicular line and the line segment RL as the origin and the line segment RL as the X ■ axis.

In step S809, the position (P _i ) on the inner shape line that is the declination angle θ _i in the previously defined (polar) coordinates is calculated.

  In step S810, the processed data processed as described above is stored together with the measurement date and time data, and in step S811, the measurement data processing is terminated.

By performing the processing as described above, for example, in the example shown in FIG. 14, in the data processing of the first predetermined position (P _i) is determined, in the data processing of the second predetermined position (P _i ') Will be required.

In the example shown in FIG. 14, only a point of interest on the interior shape line whose declination is θ _i is given as an example, but a plurality of points of interest corresponding to a plurality of declinations are shown in FIG. 13. Needless to say, if the data processing shown in the flowchart is performed, the accuracy is further improved.

Next, the data processed as described above are compared, the displacement at the predetermined position (P _i ) focused on the inner shape line is obtained, and it is further determined whether or not the observation on the focused section should be continued. A determination process for this will be described.

  In the following, terms such as “first timing” and “second timing” are used. These two timings are timings when scan data is acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10, and at arbitrary timings different from each other. I just need it. However, practically, it is appropriate to use the “second timing” that is about one day after the “first timing”.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a flowchart of the determination process in the internal displacement measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 15, when the determination process is started in step S900, processed data based on the scan data acquired at the first timing is acquired in step S901, and acquired in the second timing in step S902. Obtain processed data based on the scanned data.

In step S903, between the predetermined declination position (P _i ) based on the scan data acquired at the first timing and the predetermined declination position (P _i ′) based on the scan data acquired at the second timing. The difference (P _i −P _i ′) is calculated. This difference indicates the displacement in the tunnel.

In step S904, it is determined whether each difference is within a predetermined value. When the determination in step S904 is YES, the process proceeds to step S905, and it is determined that it is not necessary to continue the observation of the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior.

  On the other hand, if the determination in step S904 is NO, the process proceeds to step S906, where it is determined that the observation of the cross section of interest in the tunnel interior needs to be continued. In step S907, the determination process ends.

  The effects similar to those of the previous embodiment can be obtained also by the method of measuring the internal air displacement and the internal air displacement measuring system according to other embodiments of the present invention as described above. In addition, in order to determine the displacement of the tunnel in the air section, the two methods of the embodiment described so far and the method of the present embodiment are implemented, and from these, the tunnel interior sky is changed comprehensively. It is also an effective method to grasp the condition.

  Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The scan data acquisition method using the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 in the present embodiment is the same as in the previous embodiment. On the other hand, since this embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in the data processing method of the acquired scan data in the personal computer 20, this point will be described below. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a flowchart of measurement data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 17 shows data processing in the internal displacement measurement method according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining.

  In FIG. 16, when measurement data processing in the interior displacement measurement method according to the present embodiment is started in step S1000, subsequently, scan data to be processed is acquired in step S1001. In the next step S1002, position coordinates at a three-dimensional laser scanner installation point are calculated from three known points (position coordinates of three laser scanner targets 5).

  In step S1003, an interior shape line in the cross section of interest is acquired from the scan data. The dotted line or the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 17 is the inner shape line of the tunnel inner section obtained in step S1003. In addition, the continuous line in FIG. 17 has shown the design cross section. The inner shape line as described above can be constituted by a point group in scan data measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner 10 and a line for interpolating the point group. As an algorithm for interpolating the point group of the scan data, a conventionally known algorithm can be appropriately used.

In step S1004, by analyzing the acquired inner shape line, the rightmost position R of the line (the position where the x coordinate is X _max in FIG. 17) and the position R ′ (FIG. 17).
In 'and the _max position), the leftmost position L (x coordinate in FIG. 17 is X _min position) or the position L' x coordinate X a (x coordinate in FIG. 17 is X _'min position) Extract.

  In step S1005, a line segment RL (or RL ') connecting the rightmost position R (or R') and the leftmost position L (or L ') is defined as the X' axis.

  In step S1006, an intermediate point O (or O ′) between the rightmost position R (or R ′) and the leftmost position L (or L ′) is defined as an intersection, and the line segment RL (or RL ′) is defined as X. 'Define (polar) coordinates for the axis.

In step S1007, the position (P _i ) on the inner shape line having the deflection angle θ _i is calculated in the previously defined (polar) coordinates.

In step S1008, the processed data processed as described above is stored together with the measurement date and time data, and in step S1009, the measurement data processing is ended.

By performing the processing as described above, for example, in the example shown in FIG. 17, in the data processing of the first predetermined position (P _i) is determined, in the data processing of the second predetermined position (P _i ') Will be required.

In the example shown in FIG. 17, only a point of interest on the interior shape line whose declination is θ _i is given as an example, but a plurality of points of interest corresponding to a plurality of declinations are shown in FIG. 16. Needless to say, if the data processing shown in the flowchart is performed, the accuracy is further improved.

Also in the present embodiment, whether the data processed as described above are compared, the displacement at a predetermined position (P _i ) focused on the inner space shape line is obtained, and whether or not the observation on the focused section should be continued. The determination process for determining whether or not can be the same as that shown in the flowchart of FIG.

  The effects similar to those of the previous embodiment can be obtained also by the method of measuring the internal air displacement and the internal air displacement measuring system according to other embodiments of the present invention as described above. In addition, in order to determine the displacement of the tunnel in the air section, the two methods of the embodiment described so far and the method of the present embodiment are implemented, and from these, the tunnel interior sky is changed comprehensively. It is also an effective method to grasp the condition.

5 ... Laser scanner target 10 ... 3D laser scanner 20 ... Personal computer 25 ... Design data 35 ... Prism target 40 ... Reflective sheet target 50 ... Total station 60 ... Personal computer

Claims (4)

A method of measuring an inner space displacement in a tunnel by a three-dimensional laser scanner,
A target attaching step for attaching a laser scanner target to a point whose position coordinates in the tunnel are known;
A scan data acquisition step of acquiring scan data by scanning the inside of the tunnel including the laser scanner target with a three-dimensional laser scanner;
An internal shape line acquisition step of acquiring an internal shape line in the tunnel cross section of interest from the scan data;
A superimposing step of superimposing a spring line and a center line based on tunnel design data on the inner shape line;
A predetermined section derivation step for deriving a predetermined section from the inner hollow shape line and the spring line and the center line;
A centroid position calculating step of calculating a centroid position in the predetermined section derived by the predetermined section derivation step;
The difference between the gravity center position calculated from the scan data acquired at the first timing and the gravity center position calculated from the scan data acquired at a second timing different from the first timing is calculated in the tunnel. An internal air displacement measuring method comprising: an internal air displacement calculating step for calculating air displacement. A method of measuring an inner space displacement in a tunnel by a three-dimensional laser scanner,
A target attaching step for attaching a laser scanner target to a point whose position coordinates in the tunnel are known;
A scan data acquisition step of acquiring scan data by scanning the inside of the tunnel including the laser scanner target with a three-dimensional laser scanner;
An internal shape line acquisition step of acquiring an internal shape line in the tunnel cross section of interest from the scan data;
An end step for extracting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position on the inner shape line;
A first top end step for extracting a top end position on the inner shape line based on scan data acquired at a first timing;
A first definition step of defining polar coordinates by the intersection obtained by dropping a perpendicular from the top end position extracted by the first top end step to a line connecting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position, and the line segment. And a first predetermined declination position calculating step of calculating a position on the inner line that is a predetermined declination in polar coordinates defined in the first definition step,
A second top end step for extracting a top end position on the inner shape line based on scan data acquired at a second timing different from the first timing;
A second definition step of defining polar coordinates with the intersection obtained by dropping a perpendicular from the top end position extracted by the second top end step to a line connecting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position, and the line segment. And a second predetermined declination position calculating step of calculating a position on the inner line that is a predetermined declination in polar coordinates defined in the second definition step,
An internal displacement calculation step for calculating an internal displacement in the tunnel based on a difference between the position calculated in the first predetermined deflection position calculation step and the position calculated in the second predetermined deflection position calculation step; An internal displacement measuring method characterized by comprising: A method of measuring an inner space displacement in a tunnel by a three-dimensional laser scanner,
A target attaching step for attaching a laser scanner target to a point whose position coordinates in the tunnel are known;
A scan data acquisition step of acquiring scan data by scanning the inside of the tunnel including the laser scanner target with a three-dimensional laser scanner;
An internal shape line acquisition step of acquiring an internal shape line in the tunnel cross section of interest from the scan data;
An end step for extracting the rightmost end position and the leftmost end position on the inner shape line;
A defining step of defining polar coordinates with a middle point between the rightmost position and the leftmost position extracted in the end step, and a line segment connecting the rightmost position and the leftmost position;
A predetermined declination position calculating step of calculating a position on an inner line that is a predetermined declination in polar coordinates defined in the definition step;
The position calculated in the predetermined declination position calculating step based on the scan data acquired at the first timing and the predetermined deviation based on the scan data acquired at a second timing different from the first timing. An internal air displacement measuring method comprising: an internal air displacement calculating step of calculating an internal air displacement of the tunnel based on a difference from the position calculated in the angular position calculating step. 4. An internal air displacement measurement system that calculates the internal air displacement of a tunnel using the internal air displacement measurement method according to claim 1 .

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