JP5453210B2 - Image display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display device.

Patent Document 1 discloses a transparent substrate having a glass cloth made of opened warps and wefts.
[Prior art documents]
[Patent Literature]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-233851

  When a transparent substrate having warps and wefts is applied to an image display device, there is a problem that moire occurs.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, in the image display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, an image generation unit that includes a plurality of pixels arranged at a constant pixel pitch and generates an image with the plurality of pixels; A transparent substrate obtained by impregnating a glass fiber woven with a constant weave pitch with a pitch deviated from the constant pixel pitch, and polarization of incident light formed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate An optical element that includes a polarization modulation unit that modulates the state and is attached to the image generation unit.

  In the image display device according to the second aspect of the present invention, an image forming unit that has a plurality of pixels arranged at a constant pixel pitch and generates an image with the plurality of pixels, and the fixed pixel pitch An image generation unit having a transparent substrate that supports the image forming unit by impregnating a glass fiber woven with a deviated pitch and a constant woven pitch with a resin.

  In the image display device according to the third aspect of the present invention, an image generating unit that has a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally and generates an image with the plurality of pixels, and glass woven with warps and wefts A transparent substrate in which fibers are impregnated with resin, and a polarization modulation unit that is formed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate and modulates the polarization state of incident light. The optical element is attached to the image generation unit with the direction parallel to the warp drawing direction of the polarization modulation unit.

  In the image display device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the image display unit has a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally and generates an image with the plurality of pixels, and is woven with warps and wefts. A glass fiber is impregnated with a resin, and an image generating unit having a transparent substrate for supporting the image forming unit is provided. The horizontal direction in the normal use state of the image forming unit and the warp drawing direction of the transparent substrate are parallel to each other. It is.

  It should be noted that the above summary of the invention does not enumerate all the necessary features of the present invention. In addition, a sub-combination of these feature groups can also be an invention.

It is a disassembled perspective view of the three-dimensional image display apparatus by embodiment. It is the front view to which the transparent substrate of the image formation part and the optical element was expanded. It is a cross-sectional view of an optical element. It is a cross-sectional view of the woven warp and weft before opening. It is a cross-sectional view of the woven warp and weft after opening. It is a cross-sectional view explaining smoothing of a transparent substrate. It is a cross-sectional view illustrating a transparent substrate on which an alignment film is formed. It is a table | surface explaining the result of the experiment conducted in order to prove the reduction | decrease of a moire. It is a figure explaining the result of the experiment which investigated the characteristic of various resin boards.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims. In addition, not all the combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential for the solving means of the invention.

  FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to an embodiment. As indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1, the direction in which the user is located is the front of the stereoscopic image display device. An embodiment in which an image display device according to the present invention is applied to a stereoscopic image display device will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the stereoscopic image display device 10 includes a light source 12, a polarizing plate 14, an image generation unit 16, a polarizing plate 18, an optical element 20, and an antireflection film 22.

  The light source 12 emits white non-polarized light with substantially uniform intensity in the plane. The light source 12 is disposed at the rearmost side of the stereoscopic image display device 10 as viewed from the user. The light source 12 includes a light source that combines a diffusion plate and a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), a light source that combines a light guide plate and a cold cathode tube, or a light source that combines a Fresnel lens and a light emitting diode. Can be applied.

  The polarizing plate 14 is disposed between the light source 12 and the image generation unit 16. The polarizing plate 14 has a transmission axis inclined by 45 ° from the horizontal direction and an absorption axis perpendicular to the transmission axis. As a result, of the non-polarized light emitted from the light source 12 and incident on the polarizing plate 14, the component whose vibration direction is parallel to the transmission axis is transmitted and the component whose vibration direction is parallel to the absorption axis is absorbed and blocked. The For this reason, the light emitted from the polarizing plate 14 becomes linearly polarized light having the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 14 as a polarization axis.

  The image generation unit 16 is disposed between the polarizing plate 14 and the polarizing plate 18. The image generation unit 16 includes a transparent substrate 24, an image forming unit 26, and a transparent substrate 27. The transparent substrate 24 has warps 28 and wefts 30 made of glass fibers, and a resin portion 32 made of an epoxy resin in which the glass fibers are embedded. The warp yarns 28 are arranged in parallel with the horizontal direction. The weft 30 is arranged in parallel with the vertical direction. The transparent substrate 27 includes warp yarns 29 and weft yarns 31 made of glass fibers, and a resin portion 33 made of an epoxy resin in which the glass fibers are embedded. The warps 29 are arranged in parallel with the horizontal direction. The weft 31 is arranged in parallel with the vertical direction.

  The image forming unit 26 is provided between the transparent substrate 24 and the transparent substrate 27. As indicated by “R” and “L”, the image forming unit 26 includes a right-eye image generating unit 34 that generates a right-eye image and a left-eye image generating unit 36 that generates a left-eye image. The right eye image generation unit 34 and the left eye image generation unit 36 are formed in a rectangular shape extending in the horizontal direction. The right eye image generating unit 34 and the left eye image generating unit 36 are alternately arranged along the vertical direction.

  The polarizing plate 18 is disposed between the image generation unit 16 and the optical element 20. The polarizing plate 18 has a transmission axis and an absorption axis orthogonal to the transmission axis. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate 18 is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 14. Thereby, the linearly polarized light whose polarization axis is rotated by 90 ° by the image forming unit 26 of the image generating unit 16 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 18 to form an image. On the other hand, the linearly polarized light whose polarization axis is not rotated by the image forming unit 26 is blocked by the polarizing plate 18.

  The optical element 20 is disposed between the polarizing plate 18 and the antireflection film 22. The optical element 20 includes a polarization modulation unit 38 and a transparent substrate 40.

  The polarization modulation unit 38 is disposed on the output side of the image generation unit 16 and between the polarizing plate 18 and the transparent substrate 40. The polarization modulator 38 is formed on the rear surface, which is one surface of the transparent substrate 40. The polarization modulation unit 38 includes a plurality of right-eye modulation regions 42 and a plurality of left-eye modulation regions 44. The right-eye modulation area 42 and the left-eye modulation area 44 are formed in the same shape as the right-eye image generation section 34 and the left-eye image generation section 36 of the image generation section 16, respectively. The right eye modulation area 42 and the left eye modulation area 44 are formed in a rectangular shape extending in the horizontal direction. The right-eye modulation area 42 and the left-eye modulation area 44 are disposed in front of the right-eye image generation section 34 and the left-eye image generation section 36 of the image generation section 16, respectively. The plurality of right-eye modulation areas 42 and the plurality of left-eye modulation areas 44 are alternately arranged along the vertical direction.

  The right-eye modulation region 42 and the left-eye modulation region 44 modulate the polarization state of incident polarized light. The right-eye modulation region 42 and the left-eye modulation region 44 are λ / 4 retardation plates that convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The optical axis of the right-eye modulation region 42 is formed in parallel with the vertical direction as indicated by an arrow described at the left end of the right-eye modulation region 42 in FIG. As a result, the right-eye modulation region 42 modulates the linearly polarized light incident from the polarizing plate 18 into clockwise circularly polarized light as indicated by an arrow as shown on the right side of the optical axis arrow. The optical axis of the left-eye modulation area 44 is formed in parallel with the horizontal direction, as indicated by the arrow at the left end of the left-eye modulation area 44 in FIG. As a result, the left-eye modulation region 44 modulates the linearly polarized light incident from the polarizing plate 18 into counterclockwise circularly polarized light as indicated by an arrow on the right side of the optical axis arrow. An example of the optical axis is a fast axis or a slow axis. Thus, the right-eye modulation region 42 and the left-eye modulation region 44 correspond to the transmission axes of the right-eye lens and the left-eye lens of the polarized glasses on which the user multiplies the polarization axes of the polarized light that constitute the right-eye image and the left-eye image. Modulate into clockwise and counterclockwise circularly polarized light.

  When viewing a stereoscopic image of the stereoscopic image display device 10, the right eye lens of polarized glasses worn by the user transmits clockwise circularly polarized light, and the left eye lens transmits counterclockwise circularly polarized light. Thereby, the user's right eye sees only the circularly polarized light modulated by the right eye modulation region 42. On the other hand, the user's left eye sees only the counterclockwise circularly polarized light modulated by the left eye modulation area 44.

  The transparent substrate 40 is disposed in front of the polarization modulation unit 38. The transparent substrate 40 supports the polarization modulation unit 38 that is integrally formed. The transparent substrate 40 has flexibility. The transparent substrate 40 includes a plurality of warps 48 and a plurality of wefts 50 that are glass fibers, and a resin portion 52 made of an epoxy resin. The warp yarns 48 are arranged in parallel with the horizontal direction. Thereby, the horizontal direction in the normal use state of the image generation unit 16 and the drawing direction of the warp yarn 48 are parallel to each other. The human field of view is wider from left to right than up and down. Therefore, the rectangular stereoscopic image display device 10 is normally used so that the longitudinal direction is the horizontal direction. The weft 50 is arranged in parallel with the vertical direction. As a result, the direction along the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50, which are glass fibers, and the optical axis of the polarization modulator 38 become parallel. Thereby, the circularly polarized light transmitted through the transparent substrate 40 is hardly affected by the bias of the epoxy resin (that is, the resin arrangement) and the birefringence of the transparent substrate 40. For this reason, circularly polarized light is transmitted while substantially maintaining the polarization state incident on the transparent substrate 40. The warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are woven and impregnated in the resin portion 52. Here, the difference between the refractive index of the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 and the refractive index of the resin portion 52 is preferably within 0.002, more preferably substantially equal, at a wavelength of 589 nm. Further, it is more preferable that the refractive index of the resin portion 52 is larger than the refractive indexes of the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50.

  The light transmittance of the optical element 20 is preferably 90% or more. The haze (cloudiness) of the optical element 20 is preferably 3.0% or less.

  The antireflection film 22 suppresses reflection of light emitted from the transparent substrate 40. Thereby, the antireflection film 22 emits polarized light constituting an image to the user with high efficiency.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of the transparent substrate of the image forming unit and the optical element. 2 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the pixels 56 of the image forming unit 26 of the image generating unit 16 and the warp yarns 48 and the weft yarns 50 of the transparent substrate 40 of the optical element 20. FIG. Is omitted.

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the image forming unit 26 includes a plurality of pixels (= pixels) 56 that generate an image. The plurality of pixels 56 are two-dimensionally arranged at a constant pixel pitch Pp in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. An example of the pixel pitch Pp is 250 μm to 500 μm. The pixel 56 is a unit for handling an image, and outputs color information of tone and gradation. Each pixel 56 has three sub-pixels (= sub-pixels) 58. The sub-pixel 58 is formed in a rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction. The sub-pixel 58 is provided with a liquid crystal part and transparent electrodes formed on the front and back surfaces of the liquid crystal part. The transparent electrode applies a voltage to the liquid crystal part. The liquid crystal portion in the region to which the voltage is applied rotates the polarization axis of linearly polarized light by 90 °.

  Each of the three sub-pixels 58 in each pixel 56 includes a red color filter 60, a green color filter 62, and a blue color filter 64. Each color filter 60, 62, 64 is formed in a rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction. By controlling the voltage application to the transparent electrode of the sub-pixel 58, the red, green, and blue light emitted from the sub-pixel 58 is strengthened or weakened to form an image.

  The warp yarn 48 of the transparent substrate 40 extends in the horizontal direction. The weft 50 extends in the vertical direction. The weft 50 is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the sub-pixel 58. The warp yarns 48 and the weft yarns 50 are woven so that the front-rear relationship is alternately reversed (that is, plain weave). Thereby, the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 become a glass cloth configured in a cloth shape.

  The plurality of warps 48 are arranged in the vertical direction at a constant warp weave pitch Vp. The plurality of wefts 50 are arranged in the horizontal direction at a constant weft pitch Hp. An example of the warp weave pitch Vp and the weft pitch Hp is 250 μm to 550 μm. The warp weave pitch Vp and the weft weave pitch Hp are shifted from the pixel pitch Pp. In addition, that the pitch is shifted means not only that the positions are shifted from each other but also that the intervals are shifted. Here, the pitch ratio between the weaving pitch Hp and the pixel pitch Pp is Rp1 (= Pp / Hp). In order to reduce moire, the pitch ratio Rp1 is preferably “Rp1 ≦ 0.7” or “Rp1 ≧ 1.1” and is not an integer. Further, it is more preferable that the pitch ratio Rp1 is not “2 (n−0.05) ≦ Rp1 ≦ 2 (n + 0.05)”, where n is a positive integer. The pitch ratio between the warp pitch Vp and the pixel pitch Pp is Rp2 (= Pp / Vp). Here, the pitch ratio Rp2 is not particularly limited. However, in order to further reduce moire, it is preferable that the pitch ratio Rp2 is “Rp2 ≦ 0.7” or “Rp2 ≧ 1.1” and is not an integer. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the pitch ratio Rp2 is not “2 (n−0.05) ≦ Rp2 ≦ 2 (n + 0.05)”, where n is a positive integer.

  The weft width Hw of the weft 50 is larger than the warp width Vw of the warp 48. This is due to the fact that the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are woven and opened while tension is applied to the warp yarn 48.

  The warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are woven glass fibers. The linear expansion coefficient of the glass fiber constituting the warp 48 and the weft 50 is smaller than the linear expansion coefficient of the epoxy resin constituting the resin portion 52. The glass fiber constituting the warp 48 is a yarn that is a bundle of a plurality of monofilaments 68. The glass fiber constituting the weft 50 is a yarn that is a bundle of a plurality of monofilaments 70.

  On the surfaces of the monofilaments 68 and 70, there are polar groups or functional groups such as amino groups, epoxy groups or hydroxyl groups introduced by a coupling treatment or the like. These polar groups may be present alone or in combination. Moreover, a hydroxyl group is produced | generated by couple | bonding with the water | moisture content in air, even if it does not perform a coupling process. When the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50, which are glass fibers having such monofilaments 68 and 70, are impregnated with the epoxy resin constituting the resin portion 52, the polar groups on the surfaces of the monofilaments 68 and 70 react with the polar groups of the epoxy resin. Thus, the bond between the glass fiber and the epoxy resin becomes strong.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the optical element. As shown in FIG. 3, the polarization modulation unit 38 includes an alignment film 72 and a liquid crystal film 74.

  The alignment film 72 aligns the molecules of the liquid crystal film 74. The alignment film 72 is formed over substantially the entire rear surface of the transparent substrate 40. A generally known photo-alignment compound can be applied to the alignment film 72. Examples of the photo-alignment compound include compounds of a photodecomposition type, a photo two-quantization type, a photo isomerization type, and the like. The molecules of the liquid crystal film 74 are aligned corresponding to the alignment of the alignment film 72. The orientations of the alignment film 72 and the liquid crystal film 74 correspond to the optical axes of the right-eye modulation region 42 and the left-eye modulation region 44 described above.

  The transparent substrate 40 further includes a smoothing sheet 76 and a smoothing sheet 78. The smoothing sheets 76 and 78 are made of a resin film such as TAC (= triacetyl cellulose). The smoothing sheets 76 and 78 may be constituted by COP (cycloolefin polymer) and COC (cycloolefin copolymer). In particular, in consideration of improving workability, the smoothing sheets 76 and 78 are preferably made of COP, more preferably COC. The smoothing sheets 76 and 78 have a thickness of 40 μm to 100 μm. The smoothing sheets 76 and 78 are preferably formed of a film having no phase difference. The smoothing sheets 76 and 78 are provided so as to cover the entire front and rear surfaces of the resin portion 52. Thereby, the smoothing sheets 76 and 78 smooth the front and rear surfaces of the transparent substrate 40.

  The warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are embedded in a resin portion 52 made of an epoxy resin. The weft 50 and the weft 50 are opened so that the overlap of the monofilaments 68 and 70 becomes small. The number of overlapping monofilaments 70 of the weft 50 may be the same as the number of overlapping monofilaments 68 of the warp 48. However, in order to further reduce moire, it is preferable that the number of overlapping monofilaments 70 of the weft 50 is smaller than the number of overlapping monofilaments 68 of the warp 48. This can be achieved by weaving the weft 50 through the warp while tension is applied to the warp 48. Further, it can also be realized by opening the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 in a state where both ends of the warp yarn 48 are held and a greater tension is applied to the warp yarn 48 than the weft yarn 50 in the fiber opening step. Furthermore, the number of overlapping monofilaments 68 in the weft 50 is preferably two or less. The number of overlapping monofilaments 68 and 70 in the region where the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 intersect is preferably 5 or less. The thickness of the monofilament 70 on which the wefts 50 overlap is preferably 0.01 mm or less. The thickness of the monofilaments 68 and 70 in the region where the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 intersect is preferably 0.025 mm or less.

  Next, the operation of the above-described stereoscopic image display device 10 will be described. First, light is irradiated forward from the light source 12. The irradiated light is non-polarized light, and the amount of light is substantially uniform in the vertical plane. The light enters the polarizing plate 14. Here, the polarizing plate 14 has a transmission axis inclined by 45 ° from the horizontal direction and an absorption axis perpendicular to the transmission axis. Accordingly, the light is emitted from the polarizing plate 14 as linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 14.

  The linearly polarized light emitted from the polarizing plate 14 enters the image generation unit 16. In the image generation unit 16, the linearly polarized light passes through the transparent substrate 24 and then enters the right-eye image generation unit 34 or the left-eye image generation unit 36 of the image forming unit 26. In the image forming unit 26, a voltage is applied to the sub-pixel 58 of any pixel 56 in accordance with the image to be generated. The linearly polarized light transmitted through the image forming unit 26 of the sub-pixel 58 to which a voltage is applied is transmitted through the transparent substrate 27 and emitted from the image forming unit 26 after the polarization axis is rotated by 90 °. On the other hand, the linearly polarized light transmitted through the image forming unit 26 of the sub-pixel 58 to which no voltage is applied passes through the transparent substrate 27 and is emitted from the image forming unit 26 without rotating the polarization axis.

  The linearly polarized light enters the polarizing plate 18. Here, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 18 is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 18. Accordingly, the linearly polarized light whose polarization axis is rotated by 90 ° by the image forming unit 26 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 18. On the other hand, linearly polarized light whose polarization axis has not been rotated by the image forming unit 26 is absorbed by the polarizing plate 18.

  The linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizing plate 18 enters the right-eye modulation region 42 or the left-eye modulation region 44 of the polarization modulation unit 38 of the optical element 20. The right eye modulation region 42 has an optical axis in the vertical direction. As a result, the linearly polarized light incident on the right-eye modulation region 42 is emitted from the polarization modulator 38 as clockwise circularly polarized light. On the other hand, the left-eye modulation area 44 has a horizontal optical axis. As a result, the linearly polarized light incident on the left-eye modulation region 44 is emitted from the polarization modulation unit 38 as counterclockwise circularly polarized light.

  Thereafter, the circularly polarized light is transmitted through the transparent substrate 40. Here, the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 made of glass fiber are parallel to the optical axes of the left-eye modulation region 44 and the right-eye modulation region 42, respectively. Therefore, the circularly polarized light transmitted through the transparent substrate 40 is hardly affected by the bias of the epoxy resin (that is, the resin arrangement) and the birefringence of the transparent substrate 40. For this reason, circularly polarized light is transmitted while substantially maintaining the polarization state incident on the transparent substrate 40. As a result, the circularly polarized light constituting the image is emitted from the transparent substrate 40 while the variation in the polarization axis is suppressed. Thereafter, the circularly polarized light emitted from the transparent substrate 40 passes through the antireflection film 22. The circularly polarized light is incident on polarized glasses worn by the user. The right eye lens of the polarized glasses worn by the user transmits clockwise circularly polarized light, and the left eye lens transmits counterclockwise circularly polarized light. Accordingly, clockwise circularly polarized light is incident on the user's right eye, and counterclockwise circularly polarized light is incident on the user's left eye. Thereby, the user can visually recognize a stereoscopic image.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the optical element 20 described above will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the woven warp and weft before opening. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the woven warp and weft after opening. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining smoothing of the transparent substrate. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a transparent substrate on which an alignment film is formed.

  First, as shown in FIG. 4, a glass cloth in which glass fiber warps 48 and wefts 50 are woven is prepared. As the glass cloth, IPC standard 106 manufactured by Arisawa Fiber Glass Co., Ltd. was used. As the glass fibers constituting the warp 48 and the weft 50, ECD900 1/0 manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., whose monofilaments 68 and 70 have a diameter of 5 μm was used. The density of the warp 48 is 56 per 25.4 mm. The density of the wefts 50 is 56 pieces per 25.4 mm. The thickness of the glass cloth is about 25 μm.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are opened. Here, at the time of fiber opening, both ends of the warp yarn 48 are held and tension is applied to the warp yarn 48. On the other hand, at the time of opening, both ends of the weft 50 are opened. In this state, the glass cloth-like warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are opened by applying pressure due to a water flow or the like, so that the weft yarn width Vw of the weft yarn 50 is larger than the warp yarn width Hw of the warp yarn 48. Therefore, the number of weft 50 monofilaments 70 in the front-rear direction is smaller than the number of warp 48 monofilaments 68 in the front-rear direction. Further, the thickness in the front-rear direction of the monofilament 70 of the weft 50 is smaller than the thickness in the front-rear direction of the monofilament 68 of the warp 48.

  Next, an epoxy resin constituting the resin portion 52 is prepared. For example, 49 parts by weight of Epicoat 1004 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin (= JER) Co., Ltd., 7 parts by weight of Epicron 830 manufactured by DIC Co., Ltd., ST-4000D manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. 44 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight of SI-150L thermal cationic curing agent made by Sanshin Chemical Industry as the curing agent, and a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone (= MEK) and toluene as the solvent, the viscosity is about 100 cps. Add to the adjustment.

As shown in FIG. 6, the glass cloth-like warp 48 and weft 50 are impregnated or coated with the epoxy resin constituting the resin portion 52 described above. Thereafter, the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 impregnated in the resin part 52 are dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes by a circulating hot air dryer so that the finished weight after drying becomes 75 g / m ² . Thus, a prepreg composed of the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 impregnated in the semi-cured resin portion 52 is produced. The drying temperature may be between 100 ° C and 180 ° C. When changing the drying temperature, the drying time is preferably set appropriately between 5 minutes and 60 minutes according to the drying temperature.

  Next, the smoothing sheets 76 and 78 are bonded to both surfaces of the semi-cured resin portion 52 by a roll laminating method. As the smoothing sheets 76 and 78, TD80UL, which is TAC (= triacetylcellulose) manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd. having a thickness of 80 μm, can be used. An example of conditions in the roll laminating method is a temperature of 120 ° C., a laminating pressure of 1 MPa, and a laminating speed of 0.1 m / min to 10 m / min. Instead of the roll laminating method, a laminating method for improving smoothness such as a vacuum laminating method or a seamless belt press method may be applied. The conditions of the laminating method when the smoothing sheets 76 and 78 were bonded were a temperature of 60 ° C. to 150 ° C., a laminating pressure of 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and a laminating speed of 0.1 m / min to 10 m / min. May be. Under this condition, the surface of the semi-cured resin portion 52 can be melted and adhered without voids.

  Next, the laminated semi-cured transparent substrate 40 is put into a circulating hot air dryer at 150 ° C. for 180 minutes to completely cure the transparent substrate 40. The conditions such as the temperature and time for completely curing the transparent substrate 40 are preferably changed according to characteristics such as heat resistance of the smoothing sheets 76 and 78. For example, the conditions for complete curing may vary between a temperature of 120 ° C. to 180 ° C. and a curing time of 1 hour to 168 hours.

  Further, when the semi-cured transparent substrate 40 is completely cured using a press machine, the transparent substrate 40 is sandwiched between polished stainless plates, and a pressure of 1 MPa is applied for 180 minutes at a temperature of 150 ° C. Then, the transparent substrate 40 may be completely cured by cooling. Furthermore, as a method of completely curing the transparent substrate 40, a method of applying a predetermined amount of heat with a circulating hot air dryer, a method of press molding, or a method of belt press can be applied. Thereby, the transparent substrate 40 is completed.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7, a liquid photosensitive resin film for forming an alignment film 72 is applied to one surface of the transparent substrate 40. Thereafter, the right-eye modulation region 42 of the alignment film 72 is irradiated with polarized light such as ultraviolet rays through a mask having an opening corresponding to the right-eye modulation region 42. As a result, the right-eye modulation region 42 of the alignment film 72 is aligned in a predetermined direction. Next, the mask is moved, and the left eye modulation region 44 of the alignment film 72 is irradiated with polarized light, so that the left eye modulation region 44 of the alignment film 72 is aligned in a predetermined direction. Thereby, the alignment film 72 is completed.

  Next, a liquid crystal film 74 is applied to the entire surface of one surface of the alignment film 72. Thereafter, the liquid crystal film 74 is dried and then heated. Accordingly, the molecules of the liquid crystal film 74 are cured while being aligned according to the alignment of the alignment film 72. The liquid crystal film 74 may be cured by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet rays instead of heating. As a result, the polarization modulator 38 having the right-eye modulation region 42 and the left-eye modulation region 44 in which the predetermined optical axis is formed is completed, and the optical element 20 is completed.

  As described above, in the stereoscopic image display device 10, the pixel pitch Pp of the image generation unit 16 and the weave pitch Hp of the optical element 20 are different. Thereby, the stereoscopic image display apparatus 10 can reduce moire. This is considered to be an effect obtained by reducing the interference and bending of light transmitted through the pixel 56 and the weft 50. Furthermore, in the stereoscopic image display device 10, when the pixel pitch Pp of the image generation unit 16 and the warp pitch Vp of the optical element 20 are made different, moire can be further reduced. This is considered to be an effect obtained by reducing interference and bending of light that passes through the pixel 56 and the warp 48. Further, moire can be further reduced by making the pixel pitch Pp different from both the warp weave pitch Vp and the weave pitch Hp. This is considered to be an effect obtained by reducing overlapping of the intersection of the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 with the pixel 56 to reduce light interference and light bending.

  In the stereoscopic image display device 10, the wefts 50 in which the number of monofilaments 70 overlapping is smaller than the warp yarns 48 are arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the sub-pixels 58. Thereby, the stereoscopic image display apparatus 10 can reduce moire. Moreover, since the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 are opened, the thickness of the transparent substrate 40 can be reduced. Thereby, a viewing angle becomes wide and crosstalk can be reduced.

  In the stereoscopic image display device 10, the warp yarn 48 and the weft yarn 50 made of glass fiber are parallel to the optical axes of the left-eye modulation region 44 and the right-eye modulation region 42, respectively. Thereby, the circularly polarized light transmitted through the transparent substrate 40 constituting the image is emitted from the transparent substrate 40 while suppressing variations in the polarization axis. Thereby, the stereoscopic image display apparatus 10 can suppress image spots.

  FIG. 8 is a table for explaining the results of experiments conducted to prove the reduction of moire. In FIG. 8, the cells with dot hatching show the experimental results of the comparative example, and the cells without hatching show the experimental results of this embodiment.

  The density of the warp yarns 48 and the weft yarns 50 of the transparent substrate 40 after complete curing was measured by using a BEST-KANON two-dimensional length measuring device manufactured by Nakamura Seisakusho Co., Ltd. The number was measured. The warp weave pitch Vp of the warp 48 and the weft pitch Hp of the weft 50 were calculated by dividing 25.4 mm by the number of warps 48 and wefts 50 measured.

  The thickness of the glass cloth warp 48 and the weft 50 was measured with a micrometer manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation.

  The diameter, the number of overlappings, and the thickness of the monofilaments 68 and 70 were measured by SEM (= scanning electron microscope) of a sample obtained by polishing a cross section in which the transparent substrate 40 after complete curing was embedded with an epoxy resin.

  The evaluation of moire is 12.1 inch (LATITUDE D430 of DELL notebook PC), 20 inch (LM200WD1 made by LG), 24 inch (LTM240M2 made by Samsung), 32 inch (made by Sharp Corporation) PC-32MD3) and a 46 inch (LTA460HB07 manufactured by Samsung) liquid crystal display device were mounted horizontally. And water was dripped at the display surface of each liquid crystal display device. In this state, the transparent substrate 40 shown in the table of FIG. 8 was pressed and pasted on the portion where water was dropped. Each sample thus produced was visually observed. The observation method is to visually observe the difference in appearance between a portion where the transparent substrate 40 is attached and a portion where the transparent substrate 40 is not attached with a light source of red, green, and blue primary colors and three primary colors (that is, white). This was done by observing. In the observation of the three primary colors, if there was no difference in visual observation, an intermediate color (for example, gray) was further added and observed again.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the pitch ratio Rp satisfies “Rp ≦ 0.7” or “Rp ≧ 1.1”, and “2 (n−0.05) ≦ Rp ≦ 2 (n + 0.05)”. It can be seen that the moire can be reduced in the sample based on the opened embodiment. Further, it can be seen that moire can be reduced in the sample in which the warp yarns 48 are arranged in parallel with the horizontal direction. Further, comparing the varieties 1078 and 1067 with the varieties 106 opening and 1037, it can be seen that the moire can be further reduced if the number of wefts 50 overlapped is two or less.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the results of an experiment in which the characteristics of various resin plates were examined. The light transmittance was measured with HM-150 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd., based on JISK7361. The haze was determined from the transmittance described above.

  Birefringence is obtained by preparing a sample with a fully cured transparent substrate 40 between two polarizing plates having orthogonal absorption axes and two polarizing plate samples without the transparent substrate 40, respectively. The birefringence was evaluated by confirming the difference. The transmittance for birefringence was confirmed by a spectrophotometer U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation. The wavelength of the light used for the measurement is 400 nm to 650 nm.

  The coefficient of thermal expansion (= CTE) was set as a sample having a completely cured transparent substrate 40 made into a rectangle having a width of 5 mm and a length of 15 mm. This sample was measured at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, an initial load of 5.0 g, and a temperature condition between 50 ° C. and 80 ° C. For the measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient, a thermal analyzer TMA-60 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used.

  The humidity expansion coefficient (= CHE) was measured by making a completely cured transparent substrate 40 into a rectangle having a width of 3 mm and a length of 15 mm. This sample was measured at a load weight of 0.5 g under a temperature condition of 25 ° C. and a humidity condition of 40% RH to 80% RH. For measurement of the coefficient of humidity expansion, a thermomechanical analyzer TMA-50 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the resin plate having the laminated structure of TAC / GE / TAC and the laminated structure of COP / GE / COP according to this embodiment has transmittance, haze and birefringence of optical properties, wet heat / heat. It can be seen that CTE and CHE having physical properties have excellent characteristics. On the other hand, it can be seen that a resin plate made of another resin is inferior in optical properties, wet heat, or thermal properties as compared with the resin plate of the present embodiment.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  The order of execution of each process such as operations, procedures, steps, and stages in the apparatus, system, program, and method shown in the claims, the description, and the drawings is particularly “before” or “prior to”. It should be noted that the output can be realized in any order unless the output of the previous process is used in the subsequent process. Regarding the operation flow in the claims, the description, and the drawings, even if it is described using “first”, “next”, etc. for convenience, it means that it is essential to carry out in this order. It is not a thing.

  In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to a stereoscopic image display device. However, the present invention may be applied to an image display device that displays a two-dimensional image.

  In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the transparent substrate 40 of the optical element 20. However, the present invention may be applied to the transparent substrate 24 or the transparent substrate 27 of the image generation unit 16.

  When the present invention is applied to the transparent substrate 24, the stereoscopic image display apparatus 10 includes the image generation unit 16 including the transparent substrate 24 and the image forming unit 26. The image forming unit 26 has a plurality of pixels 56 arranged at a constant pixel pitch Pp, and generates an image with the plurality of pixels 56. The transparent substrate 24 impregnates a resin with warp yarns 28 and weft yarns 30 made of glass fibers woven at a constant warp pitch Vp and a weft pitch Hp at a pitch deviated from the constant pixel pitch Pp, thereby forming an image. The part 26 is supported.

  The horizontal direction in the normal use state of the image forming unit 26 and the drawing direction of the warp 28 of the transparent substrate 24 may be parallel. A plurality of sub-pixels 58 that are long in the vertical direction parallel to the weft 30 may be provided in the pixel 56. Furthermore, the warp yarns 28 and the weft yarns 30 may be composed of a plurality of monofilaments, and the number of monofilament overlaps of the weft yarns 30 may be smaller than the number of warp monofilament overlaps.

  Moreover, when applying this invention to the transparent substrate 24 of the image generation part 16, you may comprise as follows. The stereoscopic image display apparatus 10 includes an image generation unit 16 having a transparent substrate 24 and an image forming unit 26. The image forming unit 26 includes a plurality of pixels 56 arranged two-dimensionally, and generates an image with the plurality of pixels 56. The transparent substrate 24 supports the image forming unit 26 by impregnating a glass fiber woven with warps 28 and wefts 30 with a resin. The horizontal direction in the normal use state of the image forming unit 26 is parallel to the drawing direction of the warp yarns 48 of the transparent substrate.

  A plurality of sub-pixels 58 that are long in the vertical direction parallel to the weft 30 may be provided in the pixel 56. Furthermore, the warp yarns 28 and the weft yarns 30 may be composed of a plurality of monofilaments, and the number of monofilament overlaps of the weft yarns 30 may be smaller than the number of warp monofilament overlaps. Note that when the present invention is applied to the transparent substrate 27, the same configuration as that of the transparent substrate 24 described above may be used.

  In the above-described embodiment, the surface of the transparent substrate 40 is smoothed by the smoothing sheets 76 and 78, but smoothing of the surface of the transparent substrate may be expressed by other methods. For example, hot pressing is performed in a state where a film that can be easily peeled, such as a silicon-treated film, is stuck on both surfaces of a semi-cured transparent substrate. Thereafter, the film is peeled from the cured transparent substrate. Thereby, the produced transparent substrate can improve the smoothness of the surface.

10 stereoscopic image display device
12 Light source
14 Polarizing plate
16 Image generator
18 Polarizing plate
20 Optical elements
22 Anti-reflective coating
24 Transparent substrate
26 Image forming unit
27 Transparent substrate
28 Warp
29 Warp
30 Weft
31 Weft
32 Resin part
33 Resin part
34 Right-eye image generator
36 Left-eye image generator
38 Polarization modulator
40 Transparent substrate
42 Right eye modulation area
44 Left eye modulation area
48 warp
50 weft
52 Resin part
56 pixels
58 subpixels
60 color filter
62 Color filter
64 color filter
68 monofilament
70 monofilament
72 Alignment film
74 Liquid crystal film
76 Smoothing sheet
78 Smoothing sheet

Claims (9)

An image generation unit having a plurality of pixels arranged at a constant pixel pitch and generating an image with the plurality of pixels;
A transparent substrate obtained by impregnating a glass fiber woven with a constant weave pitch with a pitch deviating from the constant pixel pitch, and a polarization state of incident light formed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate An optical element disposed on the output side of the image generation unit ,
The glass fiber has woven warp and weft,
The image display device , wherein a direction in which the warp and the weft extend is parallel to an arrangement direction of the plurality of pixels . An image forming unit that has a plurality of pixels arranged at a constant pixel pitch and generates an image with the plurality of pixels, and is woven at a constant weave pitch that is different from the constant pixel pitch glass fiber impregnated with a resin, comprising an image generating unit having a transparent substrate for supporting the image forming unit,
The glass fiber has woven warp and weft,
The image display device , wherein a direction in which the warp and the weft extend is parallel to an arrangement direction of the plurality of pixels . The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal direction in a normal use state of the image generation unit and a drawing direction of the warp of the transparent substrate are parallel. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of pixels have subpixels that are long in a vertical direction. The warp and the weft have a plurality of monofilaments,
The image according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the number of overlapping of the plurality of monofilaments of the weft is less than the number of overlapping of the plurality of monofilaments of the warp, or equal to the number of overlapping of the plurality of monofilaments of the warp. Display device. An image generation unit having a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally and generating an image with the plurality of pixels;
A transparent substrate in which a glass fiber woven with warps and wefts is impregnated with a resin, and an optical element that is formed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate and has a polarization modulation unit that modulates the polarization state of incident light. Prepared,
The optical element is arranged on the exit side of the image generation unit in parallel with the horizontal direction in the normal use state of the image generation unit and the warp drawing direction of the polarization modulation unit ,
The image display device , wherein a direction in which the warp and the weft extend is parallel to an arrangement direction of the plurality of pixels . An image forming unit having a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally, and generating an image with the plurality of pixels, and impregnating a glass fiber woven with warps and wefts with a resin, the image forming unit An image generating unit having a transparent substrate to support,
Parallel der the extending direction of the warp of the transparent substrate and the horizontal direction in the normal use of the image forming unit is,
The image display device , wherein a direction in which the warp and the weft extend is parallel to an arrangement direction of the plurality of pixels . The image display device according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of pixels have subpixels that are long in a vertical direction. The warp and the weft have a plurality of monofilaments,
The number of overlapping of the plurality of monofilaments of the weft is smaller than the number of overlapping of the plurality of monofilaments of the warp, or equal to the number of overlapping of the plurality of monofilaments of the warp. The image display device described in 1.

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