JP5446870B2 - Display element - Google Patents
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- JP5446870B2 JP5446870B2 JP2009539996A JP2009539996A JP5446870B2 JP 5446870 B2 JP5446870 B2 JP 5446870B2 JP 2009539996 A JP2009539996 A JP 2009539996A JP 2009539996 A JP2009539996 A JP 2009539996A JP 5446870 B2 JP5446870 B2 JP 5446870B2
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- Japan
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- display element
- general formula
- compound
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 108
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005115 alkyl carbamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005153 alkyl sulfamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004422 alkyl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005116 aryl carbamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004421 aryl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 61
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 28
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- JUDUFOKGIZUSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JUDUFOKGIZUSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QGRRJTQMMXJUNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1N1CCCC1 QGRRJTQMMXJUNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007334 memory performance Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009125 cardiac resynchronization therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine group Chemical group N1=CCC2=CC=CC=C12 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000626 sulfinic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000247 superabsorbent polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004583 superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical group C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPCXAARSWVHVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCCN(CCO)CCO UPCXAARSWVHVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1506—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Description
本発明は、新規な電気化学的な表示素子に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a novel electrochemical display element.
近年、パーソナルコンピューターの動作速度の向上、ネットワークインフラの普及、データストレージの大容量化と低価格化等に伴い、従来、紙等の印刷物で提供されたドキュメントや画像等の情報を、より簡便な電子情報として入手、電子情報を閲覧する機会が益々増大している。 In recent years, with the increase in the operating speed of personal computers, the spread of network infrastructure, the increase in capacity and price of data storage, etc., information such as documents and images conventionally provided in printed materials such as paper has become easier. Opportunities for obtaining and browsing electronic information are increasing.
この様な電子情報の閲覧手段として、従来の液晶ディスプレイやCRT(ブラウン管)、また近年では、有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ等の発光型が主として用いられているが、特に、電子情報がドキュメント情報の場合、比較的長時間にわたってこの閲覧手段を注視する必要があり、これらの行為は人間に優しい手段とは言い難く、一般に発光型のディスプレイの欠点として、フリッカーで目が疲労する、持ち運びに不便、読む姿勢が制限され、静止画面に視線を合わせる必要が生じる、長時間読むと消費電力が嵩む等の課題が知られている。 As a means for browsing such electronic information, conventional liquid crystal displays and CRTs (CRTs), and in recent years, light-emitting types such as organic electroluminescence displays are mainly used. In particular, when electronic information is document information, It is necessary to keep a close eye on this browsing means for a relatively long time, and these actions are hardly human-friendly, and generally have the disadvantage of light-emitting displays that cause flickering eyes, inconvenient to carry, and attitudes to read However, it is necessary to adjust the line of sight to the still screen, and problems such as increased power consumption when read for a long time are known.
これらの欠点を補う表示手段として、外光を利用し、像保持の為に電力を消費しない(メモリー性)反射型ディスプレイが知られているが、下記の理由で十分な性能を有しているとは言い難い。 As a display means that compensates for these drawbacks, a reflection type display that uses external light and does not consume power for image retention (memory type) is known, but has sufficient performance for the following reasons. It's hard to say.
すなわち、反射型液晶等の偏光板を用いる方式は、反射率が約40%と低く白表示に難があり、また構成部材の作製に用いる製法の多くは簡便とは言い難い。また、ポリマー分散型液晶は高い電圧を必要とし、また有機物同士の屈折率差を利用しているため、得られる画像のコントラストが十分でない。また、ポリマーネットワーク型液晶は電圧高いことと、メモリー性を向上させるために複雑なTFT回路が必要である等の課題を抱えている。また、電気泳動法による表示素子は、10V以上の高い電圧が必要となり、電気泳動性粒子凝集による耐久性に懸念がある。これらの方法で、カラー表示を行う方法として、カラーフィルターを用いる方法が知られている。原理的に、前者は、カラーフィルターの着色のため明るい白表示が得られない課題を有していた。 That is, the method using a polarizing plate such as a reflective liquid crystal has a low reflectance of about 40% and is difficult to display white, and many of the production methods used for producing the constituent members are not easy. In addition, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal requires a high voltage and utilizes the difference in refractive index between organic substances, so that the resulting image has insufficient contrast. In addition, the polymer network type liquid crystal has problems such as a high voltage and a complicated TFT circuit required to improve the memory performance. In addition, a display element based on electrophoresis requires a high voltage of 10 V or more, and there is a concern about durability due to electrophoretic particle aggregation. As a method for performing color display using these methods, a method using a color filter is known. In principle, the former has a problem that a bright white display cannot be obtained due to coloring of the color filter.
これら上述の各方式の欠点を解消する表示方式として、エレクトロクロミック表示素子(以下、EC方式と略す)や金属または金属塩の溶解析出を利用するエレクトロデポジション方式(以下、ED方式と略す)が知られている。EC方式は、3V以下の低電圧でフルカラー表示が可能で、簡易なセル構成、白品質で優れる等の利点があり、ED方式もまた、3V以下の低電圧で駆動が可能で、簡便なセル構成、黒と白のコントラストや黒品質に優れる等の利点があり、様々な方法が開示されている(例えば、特許文献1〜5参照。)。 As a display method for solving the disadvantages of each of the above-mentioned methods, there are an electrochromic display element (hereinafter abbreviated as EC method) and an electrodeposition method (hereinafter abbreviated as ED method) using dissolution precipitation of metal or metal salt. Are known. The EC method has the advantage of being capable of full-color display at a low voltage of 3V or less, a simple cell configuration, and excellent white quality. The ED method can also be driven at a low voltage of 3V or less and is a simple cell. There are advantages such as excellent configuration, black-to-white contrast and black quality, and various methods are disclosed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 5).
本発明者は、上記各特許文献に開示されている技術を詳細に検討した結果、従来技術では、表示電極上に析出した金属が電解液中に徐々に溶解して反射率が変動する(以下、メモリー性と称する)課題があることが判明した。 As a result of examining the techniques disclosed in each of the above-mentioned patent documents in detail, the inventor has gradually dissolved the metal deposited on the display electrode in the electrolyte solution and the reflectance varies (hereinafter referred to as the reflectance). (Referred to as memory).
このメモリー性を改良する手段としては、特許文献6に記載されているようなPN接合となる電極構成を取る技術が検討されているが、PN接合となる電極構成を取った場合、メモリー性は向上するものの、表示した画像の消去に時間がかかる欠点を有することが分かった。また、特許文献7には電解液にN−メチルピロリドンのようなアミド系化合物を使用する技術が開示されているが、該技術は書換速度向上には効果があるものの、メモリー性に関しては効果がないことが判明した。
本発明は、上記課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、簡便な部材構成、低電圧で駆動が可能で、書換速度が速く、かつメモリー性が高い表示素子を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a display element that has a simple member configuration, can be driven at a low voltage, has a high rewriting speed, and has high memory properties.
本発明の上記目的は、以下の構成により達成される。 The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
1.対向電極間に、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物と金属塩化合物とを含有した電解質を有していることを特徴とする表示素子。 1. A display element comprising an electrolyte containing a compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a metal salt compound between counter electrodes.
〔式中、R1及びR2は水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基またはアリール基を表し、R1とR2はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。環は窒素原子を含む5から6員環を表す。〕
2.前記一般式(1)が、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の表示素子。[Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group or an aryl group, and R 1 and R 2 may further have a substituent. . The ring represents a 5- to 6-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom. ]
2. 2. The display device according to 1 above, wherein the general formula (1) is a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
〔式中、R1及びR2は水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基またはアリール基を表し、R1とR2はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。〕
3.前記金属塩化合物が、銀塩化合物であることを特徴とする前記1または2に記載の表示素子。[Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group or an aryl group, and R 1 and R 2 may further have a substituent. . ]
3. 3. The display element according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the metal salt compound is a silver salt compound.
4.前記電解質が、下記一般式(3)または(4)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする前記1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子。 4). 4. The display element according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the electrolyte contains a compound represented by the following general formula (3) or (4).
一般式(3)
R7−S−R8
〔式中、R7、R8は各々置換または無置換の炭化水素基を表す。但し、S原子を含む環を形成する場合には、芳香族基をとることはない。〕General formula (3)
R 7 -S-R 8
[Wherein R 7 and R 8 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. However, when a ring containing an S atom is formed, an aromatic group is not taken. ]
〔式中、Mは水素原子、金属原子または4級アンモニウムを表す。Zは含窒素複素環を表す。nは0から5の整数を表し、R9は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アルキルカルボンアミド基、アリールカルボンアミド基、アルキルスルホンアミド基、アリールスルホンアミド基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、アルキルカルバモイル基、アリールカルバモイル基、カルバモイル基、アルキルスルファモイル基、アリールスルファモイル基、スルファモイル基、シアノ基、アルキルスルホニル基、アリールスルホニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、カルボキシル基、カルボニル基、スルホニル基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基または複素環基を表し、nが2以上の場合、それぞれのR9は同一でも異なっていてもよく、お互いに連結して縮合環を形成してもよい。〕
5.前記金属塩化合物中の金属イオンのモル濃度を[Metal](モル/kg)、ハロゲンイオンまたはハロゲン分子のハロゲン原子の総モル濃度を[x](モル/kg)としたときに、0<[x]/[Metal]≦0.1という条件を満たしていることを特徴とする前記1から4のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子。[Wherein, M represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom or quaternary ammonium. Z represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. n represents an integer of 0 to 5, and R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylcarbonamide group, an arylcarbonamide group, an alkylsulfonamide group, an arylsulfonamide group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group Group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, alkylcarbamoyl group, arylcarbamoyl group, carbamoyl group, alkylsulfamoyl group, arylsulfamoyl group, sulfamoyl group, cyano group, alkylsulfonyl group, arylsulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryl Represents an oxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group, a hydroxy group or a heterocyclic group, and when n is 2 or more, each R 9 May be the same or different and may be linked together to form a condensed ring. ]
5. When the molar concentration of metal ions in the metal salt compound is [Metal] (mol / kg) and the total molar concentration of halogen ions or halogen atoms of halogen molecules is [x] (mol / kg), 0 <[ 5. The display element according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the condition x] / [Metal] ≦ 0.1 is satisfied.
6.前記電解質が、下記一般式(5)及び(6)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含有することを特徴とする前記1から5のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子。 6). 6. The display element according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein the electrolyte contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by the following general formulas (5) and (6).
〔式中、Lは酸素原子またはCH2を表し、R1からR4は各々水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基またはアルコキシ基を表す。〕[Wherein, L represents an oxygen atom or CH 2 , and R 1 to R 4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, or an alkoxy group. ]
〔式中、R5、R6は各々水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基またはアルコキシ基を表す。〕
7.前記一般式(5)で表される化合物及び前記一般式(6)で表される化合物の総質量に対する前記一般式(1)で表される化合物の質量比率が、20質量%以上であることを特徴とする前記6に記載の表示素子[Wherein, R 5 and R 6 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group or an alkoxy group. ]
7). The mass ratio of the compound represented by the general formula (1) to the total mass of the compound represented by the general formula (5) and the compound represented by the general formula (6) is 20% by mass or more. 6. The display element according to 6 above
本発明により、簡便な部材構成、低電圧で駆動が可能で、書換速度が速く、かつメモリー性が高い表示素子を提供することができた。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a display element that can be driven with a simple member configuration, a low voltage, has a high rewriting speed, and has high memory properties.
以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明者は、上記課題に鑑み鋭意検討を行った結果、対向電極間に、前記一般式(1)で表される化合物と金属塩化合物とを含有した電解質を有していることを特徴とする表示素子により、簡便な部材構成、低電圧で駆動が可能で、書換速度が速く、かつメモリー性が高い表示素子を実現できることを見出し、本発明に至った次第である。 As a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventor has an electrolyte containing a compound represented by the general formula (1) and a metal salt compound between counter electrodes. As a result of the present invention, it has been found that a display element that can be driven with a simple member configuration, low voltage, high rewriting speed, and high memory property can be realized.
すなわち、メモリー性が劣化する要因としては、電解液中の酸化体による表示側電極に形成された析出銀の溶解が挙げられるが、電解液中に本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物を添加すると、酸化体による表示側電極に形成された析出銀の溶解が抑制されることにより、メモリー性の劣化が改善され、特に、一般式(2)で表される化合物を用いることにより、その効果がより顕著に発現することができたものである。 That is, the cause of the deterioration of the memory property is dissolution of precipitated silver formed on the display side electrode by the oxidant in the electrolytic solution, which is expressed by the general formula (1) according to the present invention in the electrolytic solution. When the compound is added, the dissolution of precipitated silver formed on the display-side electrode by the oxidant is suppressed, so that the deterioration of the memory property is improved. In particular, the compound represented by the general formula (2) is used. As a result, the effect can be exhibited more remarkably.
以下、本発明の詳細について説明する。 Details of the present invention will be described below.
〔表示素子の基本構成〕
本発明の表示素子においては、表示部には、対応する1つの対向電極が設けられている。表示部に近い対向電極の1つである電極1にはITO電極等の透明電極、他方の電極2には導電性電極が設けられている。電極1と電極2との間に、本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物と金属塩化合物を含有した電解液が保持されていることを特徴とする。本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物を電解液に添加することで、書換速度を劣化させることなく、メモリー性を向上させることができる。[Basic structure of display element]
In the display element of the present invention, the display portion is provided with one corresponding counter electrode. The electrode 1 which is one of the counter electrodes close to the display unit is provided with a transparent electrode such as an ITO electrode, and the other electrode 2 is provided with a conductive electrode. An electrolyte containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the metal salt compound according to the present invention is held between the electrode 1 and the electrode 2. By adding the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention to the electrolytic solution, the memory property can be improved without deteriorating the rewriting speed.
〔一般式(1)及び一般式(2)で表される化合物〕
本発明に係る一般式(1)において、R1及びR2は水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基またはアリール基を表し、R1とR2はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。環は窒素原子を含んだ5から6員環を表す。[Compounds represented by general formula (1) and general formula (2)]
In the general formula (1) according to the present invention, R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, or an aryl group, and R 1 and R 2 are further substituents. You may have. The ring represents a 5- to 6-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom.
本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物の好ましい形態は、環の結合が全て飽和結合である5員環である。 A preferred form of the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention is a 5-membered ring in which all the ring bonds are saturated bonds.
本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物のより好ましい形態は、前記一般式(2)で表される化合物である。 A more preferable form of the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention is the compound represented by the general formula (2).
本発明においては、本発明に係る一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される化合物(溶媒)と共に、他の溶媒と併用して用いてもよい。本発明に係る一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される化合物と併用する溶媒として好ましい化合物は、前記一般式(5)または一般式(6)で表される化合物である。なお、一般式(5)及び一般式(6)で表される化合物の詳細については、後述する。 In this invention, you may use together with another solvent with the compound (solvent) represented by General formula (1) or General formula (2) which concerns on this invention. A preferable compound as a solvent used in combination with the compound represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) according to the present invention is a compound represented by the general formula (5) or the general formula (6). In addition, the detail of the compound represented by General formula (5) and General formula (6) is mentioned later.
本発明に係る一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される化合物は、前記一般式(5)で表される化合物及び一般式(6)で表される化合物の総質量に対して、質量比率で20質量%以上添加されていることが好ましい。 The compound represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) according to the present invention is based on the total mass of the compound represented by the general formula (5) and the compound represented by the general formula (6). It is preferable that 20 mass% or more is added by mass ratio.
以下に、本発明に係る一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される化合物の代表的な具体例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。 Although the typical example of a compound represented by General formula (1) or General formula (2) based on this invention below is shown, this invention is not limited to these.
〔金属塩化合物〕
本発明の表示素子を構成する電解質は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物と共に金属塩化合物を含有することを特徴とする。[Metal salt compounds]
The electrolyte constituting the display element of the present invention contains a metal salt compound together with the compound represented by the general formula (1).
本発明に係る金属塩化合物とは、対向電極上の少なくとも一方の電極上で、該対向電極の駆動操作で、溶解・析出を行うことができる金属種を含む塩であれば、如何なる化合物であってもよい。好ましい金属種は、銀、ビスマス、銅、ニッケル、鉄、クロム、亜鉛等であり、特に好ましいのは銀、ビスマスである。 The metal salt compound according to the present invention is any compound as long as it contains a metal species that can be dissolved and deposited on at least one electrode on the counter electrode by driving the counter electrode. May be. Preferred metal species are silver, bismuth, copper, nickel, iron, chromium, zinc and the like, and particularly preferred are silver and bismuth.
〔銀塩化合物〕
本発明に係る銀塩化合物とは、銀、または銀を化学構造中に含む化合物、例えば、酸化銀、硫化銀、金属銀、銀コロイド粒子、ハロゲン化銀、銀錯体化合物、銀イオン等の化合物の総称であり、固体状態や液体への可溶化状態や気体状態等の相の状態種、中性、アニオン性、カチオン性等の荷電状態種は、特に問わない。[Silver salt compound]
The silver salt compound according to the present invention is silver or a compound containing silver in the chemical structure, for example, a compound such as silver oxide, silver sulfide, metallic silver, silver colloid particles, silver halide, silver complex compound, silver ion, etc. There are no particular restrictions on the phase state species such as the solid state, the solubilized state in liquid, and the gas state, and the charged state species such as neutral, anionic, and cationic.
〔ハロゲンイオン、金属イオン濃度比〕
本発明の表示素子においては、電解質に含まれるハロゲンイオンまたはハロゲン原子のモル濃度を[X](モル/kg)とし、前記電解質に含まれる金属塩化合物の金属の総モル濃度を[Metal](モル/kg)としたとき、下記式(1)で規定する条件を満たすことが好ましい。[Halogen ion, metal ion concentration ratio]
In the display element of the present invention, the molar concentration of halogen ions or halogen atoms contained in the electrolyte is [X] (mol / kg), and the total molar concentration of metal of the metal salt compound contained in the electrolyte is [Metal] ( Mol / kg), it is preferable to satisfy the condition defined by the following formula (1).
式(1)
0≦[X]/[Metal]≦0.1
本発明でいうハロゲン原子とは、ヨウ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子のことをいう。[X]/[Metal]が0.1よりも大きい場合は、金属の酸化還元反応時に、X-→X2が生じ、X2は析出した金属と容易にクロス酸化して析出した金属を溶解させ、メモリー性を低下させる要因の1つになるので、ハロゲン原子のモル濃度は金属のモル濃度に対してできるだけ低い方が好ましい。本発明においては、0≦[X]/[Metal]≦0.001がより好ましい。ハロゲンイオンを添加する場合、ハロゲン種については、メモリー性向上の観点から、各ハロゲン種モル濃度総和が[I]<[Br]<[Cl]<[F]であることが好ましい。Formula (1)
0 ≦ [X] / [Metal] ≦ 0.1
The halogen atom as used in the field of this invention means an iodine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and a fluorine atom. When [X] / [Metal] is greater than 0.1, X − → X 2 is generated during the metal redox reaction, and X 2 easily cross-oxidizes with the deposited metal to dissolve the deposited metal. Therefore, the molar concentration of the halogen atom is preferably as low as possible with respect to the molar concentration of the metal. In the present invention, 0 ≦ [X] / [Metal] ≦ 0.001 is more preferable. In the case of adding halogen ions, the halogen species preferably have a total molar concentration of [I] <[Br] <[Cl] <[F] from the viewpoint of improving memory properties.
本発明に係る電解質に含まれる金属のモル濃度は、0.2モル/kg≦[Metal]≦2.0モル/kgが好ましい。金属のモル濃度が0.2モル/kg以上であれば、十分な濃度の溶液となり所望の駆動速度を得ることができ、2モル/kg以下であれば析出を防止し、低温保存時での電解質液の安定性が向上する。 The molar concentration of the metal contained in the electrolyte according to the present invention is preferably 0.2 mol / kg ≦ [Metal] ≦ 2.0 mol / kg. If the molar concentration of the metal is 0.2 mol / kg or more, a solution having a sufficient concentration can be obtained, and a desired driving speed can be obtained, and if it is 2 mol / kg or less, precipitation is prevented, The stability of the electrolyte solution is improved.
〔電解質〕
本発明でいう「電解質」とは、一般に、水等の溶媒に溶けて溶液がイオン伝導性を示す物質(以下、「狭義の電解質」という。)をいうが、本発明の説明においては、狭義の電解質に電解質、非電解質を問わず他の金属、化合物等を含有させた混合物を電解質(「広義の電解質」)という。〔Electrolytes〕
The term “electrolyte” as used in the present invention generally refers to a substance that dissolves in a solvent such as water and exhibits ionic conductivity in a solution (hereinafter referred to as “narrowly defined electrolyte”). A mixture containing other metals, compounds, or the like, regardless of whether it is an electrolyte or a non-electrolyte, is called an electrolyte (“broadly defined electrolyte”).
〔一般式(3)または一般式(4)で表される化合物〕
本発明の表示素子においては、電解質が、一般式(3)または一般式(4)で表される化合物の少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましい。[Compound represented by general formula (3) or general formula (4)]
In the display element of this invention, it is preferable that electrolyte contains at least 1 sort (s) of the compound represented by General formula (3) or General formula (4).
前記一般式(3)において、R7、R8は各々置換または無置換の炭化水素基を表し、これらには芳香族の直鎖基または分岐基が含まれる。また、これらの炭化水素基では、1個以上の窒素原子、酸素原子、リン原子、硫黄原子、ハロゲン原子を含んでも良い。ただし、S原子を含む環を形成する場合には、芳香族基をとることはない。In the general formula (3), R 7 and R 8 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, which includes an aromatic straight chain group or a branched group. Further, these hydrocarbon groups may contain one or more nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphorus atoms, sulfur atoms, and halogen atoms. However, when a ring containing an S atom is formed, an aromatic group is not taken.
炭化水素基に置換可能な基としては、例えば、アミノ基、グアニジノ基、4級アンモニウム基、ヒドロキシル基、ハロゲン化合物、カルボン酸基、カルボキシレート基、アミド基、スルフィン酸基、スルホン酸基、スルフェート基、ホスホン酸基、ホスフェート基、ニトロ基、シアノ基等を挙げることができる。 Examples of groups that can be substituted for the hydrocarbon group include amino groups, guanidino groups, quaternary ammonium groups, hydroxyl groups, halogen compounds, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups, amide groups, sulfinic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, and sulfates. Groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphate groups, nitro groups, cyano groups and the like.
一般に、銀の溶解析出を生じさせるためには、電解質中で銀を可溶化することが必要である。例えば、銀と配位結合を生じさせ、銀と弱い共有結合を生じさせるような、銀と相互作用を示す化学構造種を含む化合物等と共存させて、銀または銀を含む化合物を可溶化物に変換する手段を用いるのが一般的である。前記化学構造種として、ハロゲン原子、メルカプト基、カルボキシル基、イミノ基等が知られているが、本発明においては、チオエーテル基も銀溶剤として、有用に作用し、共存化合物への影響が少なく、溶媒への溶解度が高い特徴がある。 Generally, in order to cause dissolution and precipitation of silver, it is necessary to solubilize silver in an electrolyte. For example, silver or a compound containing silver is solubilized by coexisting with a compound containing a chemical structural species that interacts with silver, such as a coordinate bond with silver and a weak covalent bond with silver. It is common to use a means for converting to. As the chemical structural species, halogen atoms, mercapto groups, carboxyl groups, imino groups and the like are known, but in the present invention, the thioether group is also useful as a silver solvent and has little influence on the coexisting compound, It is characterized by high solubility in solvents.
以下、本発明に係る一般式(3)で表される化合物の具体例を示すが、本発明ではこれら例示する化合物にのみ限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, although the specific example of a compound represented by General formula (3) which concerns on this invention is shown, in this invention, it is not limited only to these illustrated compounds.
3−1:CH3SCH2CH2OH
3−2:HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH
3−3:HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH
3−4:HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH
3−5:HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH
3−6:HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
3−7:H3CSCH2CH2COOH
3−8:HOOCCH2SCH2COOH
3−9:HOOCCH2CH2SCH2CH2COOH
3−10:HOOCCH2SCH2CH2SCH2COOH
3−11:HOOCCH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2COOH
3−12:HOOCCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH(OH)CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2COOH
3−13:HOOCCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2COOH
3−14:H3CSCH2CH2CH2NH2
3−15:H2NCH2CH2SCH2CH2NH2
3−16:H2NCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2NH2
3−17:H3CSCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH
3−18:H2NCH2CH2OCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH2NH2
3−19:H2NCH2CH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2SCH2CH2NH2
3−20:H2NCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2NH2
3−21:HOOC(NH2)CHCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH
3−22:HOOC(NH2)CHCH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2SCH2CH(NH2)COOH
3−23:HOOC(NH2)CHCH2OCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH(NH2)COOH
3−24:H2N(O=)CCH2SCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2SCH2C(=O)NH2
3−25:H2N(O=)CCH2SCH2CH2SCH2C(=O)NH2
3−26:H2NHN(O=)CCH2SCH2CH2SCH2C(=O)NHNH2
3−27:H3C(O=)NHCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2NHC(=O)CH3
3−28:H2NO2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SO2NH2
3−29:NaO3SCH2CH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2CH2SO3Na
3−30:H3CSO2NHCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2NHO2SCH3
3−31:H2N(NH)CSCH2CH2SC(NH)NH2・2HBr
3−32:H2(NH)CSCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2SC(NH)NH2・2HCl
3−33:H2N(NH)CNHCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2NHC(NH)NH2・2HBr
3−34:〔(CH3)3NCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2N(CH3)3〕2+・2Cl- 3-1: CH 3 SCH 2 CH 2 OH
3-2: HOCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OH
3-3: HOCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OH
3-4: HOCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OH
3-5: HOCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OH
3-6: HOCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH
3-7: H 3 CSCH 2 CH 2 COOH
3-8: HOOCCH 2 SCH 2 COOH
3-9: HOOCCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 COOH
3-10: HOOCCH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 COOH
3-11: HOOCCH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 COOH
3-12: HOOCCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 COOH
3-13: HOOCCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH (OH) CH (OH) CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 COOH
3-14: H 3 CSCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2
3-15: H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NH 2
3-16: H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NH 2
3-17: H 3 CSCH 2 CH 2 CH (NH 2 ) COOH
3-18: H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 NH 2
3-19: H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NH 2
3-20: H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NH 2
3-21: HOOC (NH 2 ) CHCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 CH (NH 2 ) COOH
3-22: HOOC (NH 2 ) CHCH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH (NH 2 ) COOH
3-23: HOOC (NH 2 ) CHCH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH (NH 2 ) COOH
3-24: H 2 N (O═) CCH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 C (═O) NH 2
3-25: H 2 N (O═) CCH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 C (═O) NH 2
3-26: H 2 NHN (O = ) CCH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 C (= O) NHNH 2
3-27: H 3 C (O═) NHCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NHC (═O) CH 3
3-28: H 2 NO 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SO 2 NH 2
3-29: NaO 3 SCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 SO 3 Na
3-30: H 3 CSO 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NHO 2 SCH 3
3-31: H 2 N (NH) CSCH 2 CH 2 SC (NH) NH 2 .2HBr
3-32: H 2 (NH) CSCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SC (NH) NH 2 .2HCl
3-33: H 2 N (NH) CNHCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 NHC (NH) NH 2 .2HBr
3-34: [(CH 3 ) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 N (CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 + · 2Cl −
上記例示した各化合物の中でも、本発明の目的効果をいかんなく発揮できる観点から、特に、例示化合物3−2が好ましい。 Among the above-exemplified compounds, Exemplified Compound 3-2 is particularly preferable from the viewpoint that the object and effects of the present invention can be exhibited.
次いで、本発明に係る一般式(4)で表される化合物について説明する。 Next, the compound represented by formula (4) according to the present invention will be described.
前記一般式(4)において、Mは水素原子、金属原子または4級アンモニウムを表す。Zはイミダゾール環類を除く含窒素複素環を表す。nは0〜5の整数を表し、R9は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アルキルカルボンアミド基、アリールカルボンアミド基、アルキルスルホンアミド基、アリールスルホンアミド基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、アルキルカルバモイル基、アリールカルバモイル基、カルバモイル基、アルキルスルファモイル基、アリールスルファモイル基、スルファモイル基、シアノ基、アルキルスルホニル基、アリールスルホニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、カルボキシル基、カルボニル基、スルホニル基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基または複素環基を表し、nが2以上の場合、それぞれのR9は同じであってもよく、異なってもよく、お互いに連結して縮合環を形成してもよい。In the general formula (4), M represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or quaternary ammonium. Z represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring excluding imidazole rings. n represents an integer of 0 to 5, and R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylcarbonamide group, an arylcarbonamide group, an alkylsulfonamide group, an arylsulfonamide group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group Group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, alkylcarbamoyl group, arylcarbamoyl group, carbamoyl group, alkylsulfamoyl group, arylsulfamoyl group, sulfamoyl group, cyano group, alkylsulfonyl group, arylsulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryl Represents an oxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group, a hydroxy group or a heterocyclic group, and when n is 2 or more, each R 9 is They may be the same or different, and may be linked together to form a condensed ring.
一般式(4)において、Mで表される金属原子としては、例えば、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Zn、Ag等が挙げられ、4級アンモニウムとしては、例えば、NH4、N(CH3)4、N(C4H9)4、N(CH3)3C12H25、N(CH3)3C16H33、N(CH3)3CH2C6H5等が挙げられる。In the general formula (4), examples of the metal atom represented by M include Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ag, and the like. Examples of the quaternary ammonium include NH 4 , N ( CH 3 ) 4 , N (C 4 H 9 ) 4 , N (CH 3 ) 3 C 12 H 25 , N (CH 3 ) 3 C 16 H 33 , N (CH 3 ) 3 CH 2 C 6 H 5 etc. Can be mentioned.
一般式(4)において、Zで表される含窒素複素環としては、例えば、テトラゾール環、トリアゾール環、イミダゾール環、オキサジアゾール環、チアジアゾール環、インドール環、オキサゾール環、ベンゾオキサゾール環、ベンズイミダゾール環、ベンゾチアゾール環、ベンゾセレナゾール環、ナフトオキサゾール環等が挙げられる。 In the general formula (4), examples of the nitrogen-containing heterocycle represented by Z include a tetrazole ring, a triazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, an indole ring, an oxazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, and a benzimidazole. Ring, benzothiazole ring, benzoselenazole ring, naphthoxazole ring and the like.
一般式(4)において、R9で表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられ、アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、i−プロピル、ブチル、t−ブチル、ペンチル、シクロペンチル、ヘキシル、シクロヘキシル、オクチル、ドデシル、ヒドロキシエチル、メトキシエチル、トリフルオロメチル、ベンジル等の各基が挙げられ、アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル、ナフチル等の各基が挙げられ、アルキルカルボンアミド基としては、例えば、アセチルアミノ、プロピオニルアミノ、ブチロイルアミノ等の各基が挙げられ、アリールカルボンアミド基としては、例えば、ベンゾイルアミノ等が挙げられ、アルキルスルホンアミド基としては、例えば、メタンスルホニルアミノ基、エタンスルホニルアミノ基等が挙げられ、アリールスルホンアミド基としては、例えば、ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ基、トルエンスルホニルアミノ基等が挙げられ、アリールオキシ基としては、例えば、フェノキシ等が挙げられ、アルキルチオ基としては、例えば、メチルチオ、エチルチオ、ブチルチオ等の各基が挙げられ、アリールチオ基としては、例えば、フェニルチオ基、トリルチオ基等が挙げられ、アルキルカルバモイル基としては、例えば、メチルカルバモイル、ジメチルカルバモイル、エチルカルバモイル、ジエチルカルバモイル、ジブチルカルバモイル、ピペリジルカルバモイル、モルホリルカルバモイル等の各基が挙げられ、アリールカルバモイル基としては、例えば、フェニルカルバモイル、メチルフェニルカルバモイル、エチルフェニルカルバモイル、ベンジルフェニルカルバモイル等の各基が挙げられ、アルキルスルファモイル基としては、例えば、メチルスルファモイル、ジメチルスルファモイル、エチルスルファモイル、ジエチルスルファモイル、ジブチルスルファモイル、ピペリジルスルファモイル、モルホリルスルファモイル等の各基が挙げられ、アリールスルファモイル基としては、例えば、フェニルスルファモイル、メチルフェニルスルファモイル、エチルフェニルスルファモイル、ベンジルフェニルスルファモイル等の各基が挙げられ、アルキルスルホニル基としては、例えば、メタンスルホニル基、エタンスルホニル基等が挙げられ、アリールスルホニル基としては、例えば、フェニルスルホニル、4−クロロフェニルスルホニル、p−トルエンスルホニル等の各基が挙げられ、アルコキシカルボニル基としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル、ブトキシカルボニル等の各基が挙げられ、アリールオキシカルボニル基としては、例えばフェノキシカルボニル等が挙げられ、アルキルカルボニル基としては、例えば、アセチル、プロピオニル、ブチロイル等の各基が挙げられ、アリールカルボニル基としては、例えば、ベンゾイル基、アルキルベンゾイル基等が挙げられ、アシルオキシ基としては、例えば、アセチルオキシ、プロピオニルオキシ、ブチロイルオキシ等の各基が挙げられ、複素環基としては、例えば、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、トリアゾール環、セレナゾール環、テトラゾール環、オキサジアゾール環、チアジアゾール環、チアジン環、トリアジン環、ベンズオキサゾール環、ベンズチアゾール環、インドレニン環、ベンズセレナゾール環、ナフトチアゾール環、トリアザインドリジン環、ジアザインドリジン環、テトラアザインドリジン環基等が挙げられる。これらの置換基はさらに置換基を有するものを含む。In the general formula (4), examples of the halogen atom represented by R 9 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Examples of the alkyl group include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i -Propyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, dodecyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, trifluoromethyl, benzyl and the like, and aryl groups include, for example, phenyl, naphthyl Examples of the alkylcarbonamide group include acetylamino, propionylamino, butyroylamino, and the like. Examples of the arylcarbonamide group include benzoylamino. Examples of alkylsulfonamide groups include methanes. Examples include arylamino group and ethanesulfonylamino group. Examples of arylsulfonamide group include benzenesulfonylamino group and toluenesulfonylamino group. Examples of aryloxy group include phenoxy and alkylthio. Examples of the group include each group such as methylthio, ethylthio, and butylthio. Examples of the arylthio group include phenylthio group and tolylthio group. Examples of the alkylcarbamoyl group include methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, Examples include ethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, dibutylcarbamoyl, piperidylcarbamoyl, morpholylcarbamoyl, and the like, and arylcarbamoyl groups include, for example, phenylcarbamoyl, methylphen Examples of the alkylsulfamoyl group include methylsulfamoyl, dimethylsulfamoyl, ethylsulfamoyl, diethylsulfamoyl, dibutylsulfamoyl, and the like. Examples include groups such as famoyl, piperidyl sulfamoyl, morpholyl sulfamoyl, and arylsulfamoyl groups include, for example, phenylsulfamoyl, methylphenylsulfamoyl, ethylphenylsulfamoyl, benzylphenyl Examples include sulfamoyl and the like. Examples of the alkylsulfonyl group include a methanesulfonyl group and an ethanesulfonyl group. Examples of the arylsulfonyl group include phenylsulfonyl and 4-chlorophenyls. Examples of each group include phonyl and p-toluenesulfonyl. Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group include groups such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and butoxycarbonyl. Examples of the aryloxycarbonyl group include phenoxycarbonyl and the like. Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group include acetyl, propionyl, and butyroyl groups. Examples of the arylcarbonyl group include benzoyl group and alkylbenzoyl group. Examples of the acyloxy group include, for example, Examples include acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyroyloxy and the like, and examples of the heterocyclic group include oxazole ring, thiazole ring, triazole ring, selenazole ring, tetrazole ring, oxadiazole ring, thiadiazole , Thiazine ring, triazine ring, benzoxazole ring, benzthiazole ring, indolenine ring, benzselenazole ring, naphthothiazole ring, triazaindolizine ring, diazaindolizine ring, tetraazaindolizine ring group, etc. . These substituents further include those having a substituent.
次に、一般式(4)で表される化合物の好ましい具体例を示すが、本発明はこれらの化合物に限定されるものではない。 Next, although the preferable specific example of a compound represented by General formula (4) is shown, this invention is not limited to these compounds.
上記例示した各化合物の中でも、本発明の目的効果をいかんなく発揮できる観点から、特に例示化合物4−12、4−18、4−20が好ましい。 Among the above-exemplified compounds, Exemplified Compounds 4-12, 4-18, and 4-20 are particularly preferable from the viewpoint that the object and effects of the present invention can be exhibited.
〔一般式(5)及び一般式(6)で表される化合物〕
本発明の表示素子においては、電解質が、前記一般式(5)または(6)で表される化合物を含有することが好ましい。[Compounds represented by general formula (5) and general formula (6)]
In the display element of this invention, it is preferable that electrolyte contains the compound represented by the said General formula (5) or (6).
はじめに、一般式(5)で表される化合物の詳細について説明する。 First, the detail of the compound represented by General formula (5) is demonstrated.
前記一般式(5)において、Lは酸素原子またはCH2を表し、R1〜R4は各々水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基またはアルコキシ基を表す。In the general formula (5), L represents an oxygen atom or CH 2 , and R 1 to R 4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, or an alkoxy group.
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、tert−ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基等、アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基等、シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等、アルコキシアルキル基として、例えば、β−メトキシエチル基、γ−メトキシプロピル基等、アルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、ドデシルオキシ基等を挙げることができる。 Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, and the like as aryl groups. Examples of the cycloalkyl group such as phenyl group, naphthyl group and the like include, for example, a cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like, an alkoxyalkyl group, for example, a β-methoxyethyl group, a γ-methoxypropyl group and the like, as an alkoxy group, Examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propyloxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, and a dodecyloxy group.
以下、一般式(5)で表される化合物の具体例を示すが、本発明ではこれら例示する化合物にのみ限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, although the specific example of a compound represented by General formula (5) is shown, in this invention, it is not limited only to these illustrated compounds.
次いで、一般式(6)で表される化合物の詳細について説明する。 Subsequently, the detail of the compound represented by General formula (6) is demonstrated.
前記一般式(6)において、R5、R6は各々水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基またはアルコキシ基を表す。In the general formula (6), R 5 and R 6 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group or an alkoxy group.
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、tert−ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基等、アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基等、シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等、アルコキシアルキル基として、例えば、β−メトキシエチル基、γ−メトキシプロピル基等、アルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、ドデシルオキシ基等を挙げることができる。 Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, and the like as aryl groups. Examples of the cycloalkyl group such as phenyl group, naphthyl group and the like include, for example, a cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like, an alkoxyalkyl group, for example, a β-methoxyethyl group, a γ-methoxypropyl group and the like, as an alkoxy group, Examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propyloxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, and a dodecyloxy group.
以下、一般式(6)で表される化合物の具体例を示すが、本発明ではこれら例示する化合物にのみ限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, although the specific example of a compound represented by General formula (6) is shown, in this invention, it is not limited only to these illustrated compounds.
上記例示した一般式(5)及び一般式(6)で表される化合物の中でも、特に、例示化合物(5−1)、(6−2)、(6−3)が好ましい。 Among the compounds represented by the general formulas (5) and (6) exemplified above, the exemplary compounds (5-1), (6-2), and (6-3) are particularly preferable.
本発明に係る一般式(5)、一般式(6)で表される化合物は電解質溶媒の1種であるが、本発明の表示素子においては、本発明の目的効果を損なわない範囲でさらに別の溶媒を併せて用いることができる。具体的には、テトラメチル尿素、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホキシド、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、2−(N−メチル)−2−ピロリジノン、ヘキサメチルホスホルトリアミド、N−メチルプロピオンアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルアセトアミド、N,Nジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルホルムアミド、ブチロニトリル、プロピオニトリル、アセトニトリル、アセチルアセトン、4−メチル−2−ペンタノン、2−ブタノール、1−ブタノール、2−プロパノール、1−プロパノール、エタノール、メタノール、無水酢酸、酢酸エチル、プロピオン酸エチル、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシフラン、テトラヒドロフラン、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、水等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒の内、凝固点が−20℃以下、かつ沸点が120℃以上の溶媒を少なくとも1種含むことが好ましい。 The compounds represented by the general formula (5) and the general formula (6) according to the present invention are one kind of electrolyte solvents. However, in the display element of the present invention, the compounds are further separated as long as the object effects of the present invention are not impaired. These solvents can be used in combination. Specifically, tetramethylurea, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 2- (N-methyl) -2-pyrrolidinone, hexamethylphosphortriamide, N-methylpropionamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylacetamide, N, N dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, butyronitrile, propionitrile, acetonitrile, acetylacetone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-butanol, 1-butanol, 2 -Propanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, methanol, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyfuran, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol monobuty Ether, water and the like. Among these solvents, it is preferable to include at least one solvent having a freezing point of −20 ° C. or lower and a boiling point of 120 ° C. or higher.
さらに本発明で用いることのできる溶媒としては、J.A.Riddick,W.B.Bunger,T.K.Sakano,“Organic Solvents”,4th ed.,John Wiley & Sons(1986)、Y.Marcus,“Ion Solvation”,John Wiley & Sons(1985)、C.Reichardt,“Solvents and Solvent Effects in Chemistry”,2nd ed.,VCH(1988)、G.J.Janz,R.P.T.Tomkins,“Nonaqueous Electorlytes Handbook”,Vol.1,Academic Press(1972)に記載の化合物を挙げることができる。 Furthermore, as a solvent which can be used in the present invention, J.P. A. Riddick, W.M. B. Bunger, T.A. K. Sakano, “Organic Solvents”, 4th ed. , John Wiley & Sons (1986). Marcus, “Ion Solvation”, John Wiley & Sons (1985), C.I. Reichardt, “Solvents and Solvent Effects in Chemistry”, 2nd ed. VCH (1988), G .; J. et al. Janz, R.A. P. T.A. Tomkins, “Nonqueous Electronics Handbook”, Vol. 1, Academic Press (1972).
本発明において、電解質溶媒は単一種であっても、溶媒の混合物であってもよいが、エチレンカーボネートを含む混合溶媒が好ましい。エチレンカーボネートの添加量は、全電解質溶媒質量の10質量%以上、90質量%以下が好ましい。特に好ましい電解質溶媒は、プロピレンカーボネート/エチレンカーボネートの質量比が7/3〜3/7の混合溶媒である。プロピレンカーボネート比が7/3より大きいとイオン伝導性が劣り応答速度が低下し、3/7より小さいと低温時に電解質が析出しやすくなる。 In the present invention, the electrolyte solvent may be a single type or a mixture of solvents, but a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate is preferred. The addition amount of ethylene carbonate is preferably 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the total electrolyte solvent mass. A particularly preferable electrolyte solvent is a mixed solvent having a mass ratio of propylene carbonate / ethylene carbonate of 7/3 to 3/7. When the propylene carbonate ratio is larger than 7/3, the ionic conductivity is inferior and the response speed is lowered. When the propylene carbonate ratio is smaller than 3/7, the electrolyte tends to be deposited at a low temperature.
〔白色散乱物〕
本発明においては、表示コントラスト及び白表示反射率をより高める観点から、白色散乱物を含有することが好ましく、多孔質白色散乱層を形成させて存在させてもよい。[White scattered matter]
In the present invention, from the viewpoint of further increasing the display contrast and the white display reflectance, it is preferable to contain a white scattering material, and a porous white scattering layer may be formed and present.
本発明に適用可能な多孔質白色散乱層は、電解質溶媒に実質的に溶解しない水系高分子と白色顔料との水混和物を塗布乾燥して形成することができる。 The porous white scattering layer applicable to the present invention can be formed by applying and drying an aqueous mixture of an aqueous polymer and a white pigment that is substantially insoluble in the electrolyte solvent.
本発明で適用可能な白色顔料としては、例えば、二酸化チタン(アナターゼ型あるいはルチル型)、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム及び水酸化亜鉛、水酸化マグネシウム、リン酸マグネシウム、リン酸水素マグネシウム、アルカリ土類金属塩、タルク、カオリン、ゼオライト、酸性白土、ガラス、有機化合物としてポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂、アイオノマー、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂、ベンゾグアナミン樹脂、尿素−ホルマリン樹脂、メラミン−ホルマリン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂等が単体または複合混合で、または粒子中に屈折率を変化させるボイドを有する状態で使用されてもよい。 Examples of the white pigment applicable in the present invention include titanium dioxide (anatase type or rutile type), barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium phosphate, Magnesium hydrogen phosphate, alkaline earth metal salt, talc, kaolin, zeolite, acidic clay, glass, organic compounds such as polyethylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, benzoguanamine resin, urea-formalin resin, A melamine-formalin resin, a polyamide resin, or the like may be used alone or in combination, or in a state having voids that change the refractive index in the particles.
本発明では、上記白色粒子の中でも、二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、水酸化亜鉛が好ましく用いられる。また、無機酸化物(Al2O3、AlO(OH)、SiO2等)で表面処理した二酸化チタン、これらの表面処理に加えて、トリメチロールエタン、トリエタノールアミン酢酸塩、トリメチルシクロシラン等の有機物処理を施した二酸化チタンを用いることができる。In the present invention, among the white particles, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and zinc hydroxide are preferably used. In addition, titanium dioxide surface-treated with inorganic oxides (Al 2 O 3 , AlO (OH), SiO 2, etc.), in addition to these surface treatments, trimethylolethane, triethanolamine acetate, trimethylcyclosilane, etc. Titanium dioxide subjected to organic treatment can be used.
これらの白色粒子のうち、高温時の着色防止、屈折率に起因する素子の反射率の観点から、酸化チタンまたは酸化亜鉛を用いることがより好ましい。 Of these white particles, it is more preferable to use titanium oxide or zinc oxide from the viewpoint of coloring prevention at high temperature and the reflectance of the element due to the refractive index.
本発明において、電解質溶媒に実質的に溶解しない水系高分子としては、水溶性高分子、水系溶媒に分散した高分子を挙げることができる。 In the present invention, examples of the water-based polymer that does not substantially dissolve in the electrolyte solvent include a water-soluble polymer and a polymer dispersed in the water-based solvent.
水溶性化合物としては、ゼラチン、ゼラチン誘導体等の蛋白質またはセルロース誘導体、澱粉、アラビアゴム、デキストラン、プルラン、カラギーナン等の多糖類のような天然化合物や、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、アクリルアミド重合体やそれらの誘導体等の合成高分子化合物が挙げられる。ゼラチン誘導体としては、アセチル化ゼラチン、フタル化ゼラチン、ポリビニルアルコール誘導体としては、末端アルキル基変性ポリビニルアルコール、末端メルカプト基変性ポリビニルアルコール、セルロース誘導体としては、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース等が挙げられる。さらに、リサーチ・ディスクロージャー及び特開昭64−13546号の(71)頁〜(75)頁に記載されたもの、また、米国特許第4,960,681号、特開昭62−245260号等に記載の高吸水性ポリマー、すなわち−COOMまたは−SO3M(Mは水素原子またはアルカリ金属)を有するビニルモノマーの単独重合体またはこのビニルモノマー同士もしくは他のビニルモノマー(例えば、メタクリル酸ナトリウム、メタクリル酸アンモニウム、アクリル酸カリウム等)との共重合体も使用される。これらのバインダーは2種以上組み合わせて用いることもできる。Examples of water-soluble compounds include proteins such as gelatin and gelatin derivatives, cellulose derivatives, natural compounds such as polysaccharides such as starch, gum arabic, dextran, pullulan and carrageenan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide polymers and their Examples include synthetic polymer compounds such as derivatives. Examples of gelatin derivatives include acetylated gelatin, phthalated gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol derivatives include terminal alkyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol, terminal mercapto group-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose derivatives include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like. It is done. Further, Research Disclosure and those described on pages (71) to (75) of JP-A No. 64-13546, US Pat. No. 4,960,681, JP-A No. 62-245260, etc. superabsorbent polymers described, namely -COOM or -SO 3 M (M is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal) homopolymer or a vinyl monomer together or with other vinyl monomers of the vinyl monomer having a (e.g., sodium methacrylate, Copolymers with ammonium acid, potassium acrylate, etc.) are also used. Two or more of these binders can be used in combination.
本発明においては、ゼラチン及びゼラチン誘導体、または、ポリビニルアルコールもしくはその誘導体を好ましく用いることができる。 In the present invention, gelatin and gelatin derivatives, or polyvinyl alcohol or derivatives thereof can be preferably used.
水系溶媒に分散した高分子としては、天然ゴムラテックス、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、ニトリルゴム、クロロプレンゴム、イソプレンゴム等のラテックス類、ポリイソシアネート系、エポキシ系、アクリル系、シリコーン系、ポリウレタン系、尿素系、フェノール系、ホルムアルデヒド系、エポキシ−ポリアミド系、メラミン系、アルキド系樹脂、ビニル系樹脂等を水系溶媒に分散した熱硬化性樹脂を挙げることができる。これらの高分子のうち、特開平3−76621号に記載の水系ポリウレタン樹脂を用いることが好ましい。 Polymers dispersed in an aqueous solvent include natural rubber latex, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, isoprene rubber and other latexes, polyisocyanate, epoxy, acrylic, silicone, polyurethane, Examples thereof include a thermosetting resin in which urea, phenol, formaldehyde, epoxy-polyamide, melamine, alkyd resin, vinyl resin and the like are dispersed in an aqueous solvent. Of these polymers, the water-based polyurethane resin described in JP-A-3-76621 is preferably used.
本発明でいう電解質溶媒に実質的に溶解しないとは、−20℃から120℃の温度において、電解質溶媒1kg当たりの溶解量が0〜10gである状態と定義し、質量測定法、液体クロマトグラムやガスクロマトグラムによる定量法等の公知の方法により溶解量を求めることができる。 In the present invention, “substantially not dissolved in an electrolyte solvent” is defined as a state in which a dissolution amount per kg of electrolyte solvent is 0 to 10 g at a temperature of −20 ° C. to 120 ° C. The amount of dissolution can be determined by a known method such as a quantitative method using a gas chromatogram.
本発明において、水系化合物と白色顔料との水混和物は、公知の分散方法に従って白色顔料が水中分散された形態が好ましい。水系化合物/白色顔料の混合比は、容積比で1〜0.01が好ましく、より好ましくは、0.3〜0.05の範囲である。 In the present invention, the water mixture of the water-based compound and the white pigment is preferably in a form in which the white pigment is dispersed in water according to a known dispersion method. The mixing ratio of the aqueous compound / white pigment is preferably 1 to 0.01, more preferably 0.3 to 0.05 in terms of volume ratio.
本発明において、水系化合物と白色顔料との水混和物を塗布する媒体は、表示素子の対向電極間の構成要素上であればいずれの位置でもよいが、対向電極の少なくとも1方の電極面上に付与することが好ましい。媒体への付与の方法としては、例えば、塗布方式、液噴霧方式、気相を介する噴霧方式として、圧電素子の振動を利用して液滴を飛翔させる方式、例えば、ピエゾ方式のインクジェットヘッドや、突沸を利用したサーマルヘッドを用いて液滴を飛翔させるバブルジェット(登録商標)方式のインクジェットヘッド、また空気圧や液圧により液を噴霧するスプレー方式等が挙げられる。 In the present invention, the medium for applying the water mixture of the water-based compound and the white pigment may be at any position as long as it is on the component between the counter electrodes of the display element, but on the electrode surface of at least one of the counter electrodes. It is preferable to give to. As a method for applying to a medium, for example, a coating method, a liquid spraying method, a spraying method via a gas phase, a method of flying droplets using vibration of a piezoelectric element, for example, a piezoelectric inkjet head, Examples thereof include a bubble jet (registered trademark) type ink jet head that causes droplets to fly using a thermal head that uses bumping, and a spray type that sprays liquid by air pressure or liquid pressure.
塗布方式としては、公知の塗布方式より適宜選択することができ、例えば、エアードクターコーター、ブレードコーター、ロッドコーター、ナイフコーター、スクイズコーター、含浸コーター、リバースローラーコーター、トランスファーローラーコーター、カーテンコーター、ダブルローラーコーター、スライドホッパーコーター、グラビアコーター、キスロールコーター、ビードコーター、キャストコーター、スプレイコーター、カレンダーコーター、押し出しコーター等が挙げられる。 The coating method can be appropriately selected from known coating methods. For example, an air doctor coater, blade coater, rod coater, knife coater, squeeze coater, impregnation coater, reverse roller coater, transfer roller coater, curtain coater, double coater Examples include roller coaters, slide hopper coaters, gravure coaters, kiss roll coaters, bead coaters, cast coaters, spray coaters, calendar coaters, and extrusion coaters.
媒体上に付与した水系化合物と白色顔料との水混和物の乾燥は、水を蒸発できる方法であればいかなる方法であってもよい。例えば、熱源からの加熱、赤外光を用いた加熱法、電磁誘導による加熱法等が挙げられる。また、水蒸発は減圧下で行ってもよい。 Drying of the water mixture of the aqueous compound and the white pigment applied on the medium may be performed by any method as long as water can be evaporated. For example, heating from a heat source, a heating method using infrared light, a heating method using electromagnetic induction, and the like can be given. Further, water evaporation may be performed under reduced pressure.
本発明でいう多孔質とは、前記水系化合物と白色顔料との水混和物を電極上に塗布乾燥して多孔質の白色散乱物を形成した後、該散乱物上に、銀または銀を化学構造中に含む化合物を含有する電解質液を与えた後に対向電極で挟み込み、対向電極間に電位差を与え、銀の溶解析出反応を生じさせることが可能で、イオン種が電極間で移動可能な貫通状態のことを言う。 Porous as used in the present invention refers to the formation of a porous white scattering material by applying a water admixture of the water-based compound and the white pigment onto the electrode and drying it, and then the silver or silver is chemically treated on the scattering material. After supplying an electrolyte solution containing the compound contained in the structure, it can be sandwiched between opposing electrodes, giving a potential difference between the opposing electrodes, causing a silver dissolution precipitation reaction, and penetrating ions that can move between the electrodes Tell the state.
本発明の表示素子では、上記説明した水混和物を塗布乾燥中または乾燥後に、硬化剤により水系化合物の硬化反応を行うことが望ましい。 In the display element of the present invention, it is desirable to carry out a curing reaction of the water-based compound with a curing agent during or after applying and drying the water mixture described above.
本発明で用いられる硬膜剤の例としては、例えば、米国特許第4,678,739号の第41欄、同第4,791,042号、特開昭59−116655号、同62−245261号、同61−18942号、同61−249054号、同61−245153号、特開平4−218044号等に記載の硬膜剤が挙げられる。より具体的には、アルデヒド系硬膜剤(ホルムアルデヒド等)、アジリジン系硬膜剤、エポキシ系硬膜剤、ビニルスルホン系硬膜剤(N,N′−エチレン−ビス(ビニルスルホニルアセタミド)エタン等)、N−メチロール系硬膜剤(ジメチロール尿素等)、ほう酸、メタほう酸あるいは高分子硬膜剤(特開昭62−234157号等に記載の化合物)が挙げられる。水系化合物としてゼラチンを用いる場合は、硬膜剤の中で、ビニルスルホン型硬膜剤やクロロトリアジン型硬膜剤を単独または併用して使用することが好ましい。また、ポリビニルアルコールを用いる場合はホウ酸やメタホウ酸等の含ホウ素化合物の使用が好ましい。 Examples of the hardener used in the present invention include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,739, column 41, 4,791,042, JP-A-59-116655, and 62-245261. No. 61-18942, 61-249054, 61-245153, JP-A-4-218044, and the like. More specifically, aldehyde hardeners (formaldehyde, etc.), aziridine hardeners, epoxy hardeners, vinyl sulfone hardeners (N, N'-ethylene-bis (vinylsulfonylacetamide) Ethane, etc.), N-methylol hardeners (dimethylolurea, etc.), boric acid, metaboric acid or polymer hardeners (compounds described in JP-A-62-234157). When gelatin is used as the aqueous compound, it is preferable to use a vinyl sulfone type hardener or a chlorotriazine type hardener alone or in combination. Moreover, when using polyvinyl alcohol, it is preferable to use boron-containing compounds such as boric acid and metaboric acid.
これらの硬膜剤は、水系化合物1g当たり0.001〜1g、好ましくは0.005〜0.5gが用いられる。また、膜強度を上げるため、熱処理や硬化反応時の湿度調整を行うことも可能である。 These hardeners are used in an amount of 0.001 to 1 g, preferably 0.005 to 0.5 g, per 1 g of the aqueous compound. In order to increase the film strength, it is also possible to adjust the humidity during heat treatment or curing reaction.
〔電子絶縁層〕
本発明の表示素子においては、電気絶縁層を設けることができる。(Electronic insulation layer)
In the display element of the present invention, an electrical insulating layer can be provided.
本発明に適用可能な電子絶縁層は、イオン電導性、電子絶縁性を合わせて有する層であればよく、例えば、極性基を有する高分子や塩をフィルム状にした固体電解質膜、電子絶縁性の高い多孔質膜とその空隙に電解質を担持する擬固体電解質膜、空隙を有する高分子多孔質膜、含ケイ素化合物の様な比誘電率が低い無機材料の多孔質体、等が挙げられる。 The electronic insulating layer applicable to the present invention may be a layer having both ionic conductivity and electronic insulating properties. For example, a solid electrolyte membrane in which a polymer or salt having a polar group is formed into a film, electronic insulating properties And a porous solid body having a low relative dielectric constant, such as a silicon-containing compound, and the like.
多孔質膜の形成方法としては、燒結法(融着法)(高分子微粒子や無機粒子をバインダ等に添加して部分的に融着させ粒子間に生じた孔を利用する)、抽出法(溶剤に可溶な有機物または無機物類と溶剤に溶解しないバインダ等で構成層を形成した後に、溶剤で有機物または無機物類を溶解させ細孔を得る)、高分子重合体等を加熱や脱気する等して発泡させる発泡法、良溶媒と貧溶媒を操作して高分子類の混合物を相分離させる相転換法、各種放射線を輻射して細孔を形成させる放射線照射法等の公知の形成方法を用いることができる。具体的には、特開平3−30181号、特開2003−107626号、特公平7−95403号、特許第2635715号、同第2849523号、同第2987474号、同第3066426号、同第3464513号、同第3483644号、同第3535942号、同第3062203号等に記載の電子絶縁層を挙げることができる。 As a method for forming a porous film, a sintering method (fusion method) (using fine pores formed between particles by adding polymer fine particles or inorganic particles to a binder or the like and partially fusing them), an extraction method ( After forming a constituent layer with a solvent-soluble organic or inorganic substance and a binder that does not dissolve in the solvent, the organic or inorganic substance is dissolved with the solvent to obtain pores), and the polymer is heated or degassed Well-known formation methods such as foaming method for foaming, phase change method for phase separation of polymer mixture by manipulating good solvent and poor solvent, and radiation irradiation method for forming pores by radiating various radiations Can be used. Specifically, JP-A-3-30181, JP-A-2003-107626, JP-B-7-95403, JP-A-2635715, JP-A-2894523, JP-A-2987474, JP-A-3066426, JP-A-3464513. No. 3,483,464, No. 3535942, No. 30622203, and the like.
〔電解質添加の増粘剤〕
本発明の表示素子においては、電解質に増粘剤を使用することができ、例えば、ゼラチン、アラビアゴム、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ(アルキレングリコール)、カゼイン、デンプン、ポリ(アクリル酸)、ポリ(メチルメタクリル酸)、ポリ(塩化ビニル)、ポリ(メタクリル酸)、コポリ(スチレン−無水マレイン酸)、コポリ(スチレン−アクリロニトリル)、コポリ(スチレン−ブタジエン)、ポリ(ビニルアセタール)類(例えば、ポリ(ビニルホルマール)及びポリ(ビニルブチラール))、ポリ(エステル)類、ポリ(ウレタン)類、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリ(塩化ビニリデン)、ポリ(エポキシド)類、ポリ(カーボネート)類、ポリ(ビニルアセテート)、セルロースエステル類、ポリ(アミド)類、疎水性透明バインダとして、ポリビニルブチラール、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリル酸、ポリウレタン等が挙げられる。[Thickener added with electrolyte]
In the display element of the present invention, a thickener can be used for the electrolyte. For example, gelatin, gum arabic, poly (vinyl alcohol), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly ( Vinylpyrrolidone), poly (alkylene glycol), casein, starch, poly (acrylic acid), poly (methyl methacrylic acid), poly (vinyl chloride), poly (methacrylic acid), copoly (styrene-maleic anhydride), copoly ( Styrene-acrylonitrile), copoly (styrene-butadiene), poly (vinyl acetal) s (eg, poly (vinyl formal) and poly (vinyl butyral)), poly (esters), poly (urethanes), phenoxy resins, poly (PVC Redene), poly (epoxide) s, poly (carbonates), poly (vinyl acetate), cellulose esters, poly (amides), hydrophobic transparent binders such as polyvinyl butyral, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyester, Examples include polycarbonate, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane and the like.
これらの増粘剤は2種以上を併用して用いてもよい。また、特開昭64−13546号公報の71〜75頁に記載の化合物を挙げることができる。これらの中で好ましく用いられる化合物は、各種添加剤との相溶性と白色粒子の分散安定性向上の観点から、ポリビニルアルコール類、ポリビニルピロリドン類、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース類、ポリアルキレングリコール類である。 These thickeners may be used in combination of two or more. Moreover, the compound as described in pages 71-75 of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 64-13546 can be mentioned. Among these, the compounds preferably used are polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, hydroxypropyl celluloses, and polyalkylene glycols from the viewpoint of compatibility with various additives and improvement in dispersion stability of white particles.
〔その他の添加剤〕
本発明の表示素子の構成層には、保護層、フィルター層、ハレーション防止層、クロスオーバー光カット層、バッキング層等の補助層を挙げることができ、これらの補助層中には、各種の化学増感剤、貴金属増感剤、感光色素、強色増感剤、カプラー、高沸点溶剤、カブリ防止剤、安定剤、現像抑制剤、漂白促進剤、定着促進剤、混色防止剤、ホルマリンスカベンジャー、色調剤、硬膜剤、界面活性剤、増粘剤、可塑剤、スベリ剤、紫外線吸収剤、イラジエーション防止染料、フィルター光吸収染料、防ばい剤、ポリマーラテックス、重金属、帯電防止剤、マット剤等を、必要に応じて含有させることができる。[Other additives]
Examples of the constituent layers of the display element of the present invention include auxiliary layers such as a protective layer, a filter layer, an antihalation layer, a crossover light cut layer, and a backing layer. Sensitizer, noble metal sensitizer, photosensitive dye, supersensitizer, coupler, high boiling point solvent, antifoggant, stabilizer, development inhibitor, bleach accelerator, fixing accelerator, color mixing inhibitor, formalin scavenger, Toning agents, hardeners, surfactants, thickeners, plasticizers, slip agents, UV absorbers, anti-irradiation dyes, filter light absorbing dyes, anti-bacterial agents, polymer latex, heavy metals, antistatic agents, matting agents Etc. can be contained as required.
上述したこれらの添加剤は、より詳しくは、リサーチ・ディスクロージャー(以下、RDと略す)第176巻Item/17643(1978年12月)、同184巻Item/18431(1979年8月)、同187巻Item/18716(1979年11月)及び同308巻Item/308119(1989年12月)に記載されている。 These additives mentioned above are more specifically described in Research Disclosure (hereinafter abbreviated as RD), Volume 176 Item / 17643 (December 1978), Volume 184, Item / 18431 (August 1979), 187. Volume Item / 18716 (November 1979) and Volume 308 Item / 308119 (December 1989).
これら三つのリサーチ・ディスクロージャーに示されている化合物種類と記載箇所を以下に掲載した。 The types of compounds and their descriptions shown in these three research disclosures are listed below.
添加剤 RD17643 RD18716 RD308119
頁 分類 頁 分類 頁 分類
化学増感剤 23 III 648右上 96 III
増感色素 23 IV 648〜649 996〜8 IV
減感色素 23 IV 998 IV
染料 25〜26 VIII 649〜650 1003 VIII
現像促進剤 29 XXI 648右上
カブリ抑制剤・安定剤
24 IV 649右上 1006〜7 VI
増白剤 24 V 998 V
硬膜剤 26 X 651左 1004〜5 X
界面活性剤 26〜7 XI 650右 1005〜6 XI
帯電防止剤 27 XII 650右 1006〜7 XIII
可塑剤 27 XII 650右 1006 XII
スベリ剤 27 XII
マット剤 28 XVI 650右 1008〜9 XVI
バインダー 26 XXII 1003〜4 IX
支持体 28 XVII 1009 XVII
〔基板〕
本発明で用いることのできる基板としては、例えば、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン類、ポリカーボネート類、セルロースアセテート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンジナフタレンジカルボキシラート、ポリエチレンナフタレート類、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリイミド、ポリビニルアセタール類、ポリスチレン等の合成プラスチックフィルムも好ましく使用できる。また、シンジオタクチック構造ポリスチレン類も好ましい。これらは、例えば、特開昭62−117708号、特開平1−46912号、同1−178505号の各公報に記載されている方法により得ることができる。さらに、ステンレス等の金属製基盤や、バライタ紙、及びレジンコート紙等の紙支持体ならびに上記プラスチックフィルムに反射層を設けた支持体、特開昭62−253195号(29〜31頁)に支持体として記載されたものが挙げられる。RDNo.17643の28頁、同No.18716の647頁右欄から648頁左欄及び同No.307105の879頁に記載されたものも好ましく使用できる。これらの支持体には、米国特許第4,141,735号のようにTg以下の熱処理を施すことで、巻き癖をつきにくくしたものを用いることができる。また、これらの支持体表面を支持体と他の構成層との接着の向上を目的に表面処理を行ってもよい。本発明では、グロー放電処理、紫外線照射処理、コロナ処理、火炎処理を表面処理として用いることができる。さらに公知技術第5号(1991年3月22日アズテック有限会社発行)の44〜149頁に記載の支持体を用いることもできる。さらにRDNo.308119の1009頁やプロダクト・ライセシング・インデックス、第92巻P108の「Supports」の項に記載されているものが挙げられる。その他に、ガラス基板や、ガラスを練りこんだエポキシ樹脂を用いることができる。Additive RD17643 RD18716 RD308119
Page Classification Page Classification Page Classification Chemical sensitizer 23 III 648 Upper right 96 III
Sensitizing dye 23 IV 648-649 996-8 IV
Desensitizing dye 23 IV 998 IV
Dye 25-26 VIII 649-650 1003 VIII
Development accelerator 29 XXI 648 Upper right Anti-fogging agent and stabilizer
24 IV 649 Upper right 1006-7 VI
Brightener 24 V 998 V
Hardener 26 X 651 Left 1004-5 X
Surfactant 26-7 XI 650 Right 1005-6 XI
Antistatic agent 27 XII 650 Right 1006-7 XIII
Plasticizer 27 XII 650 Right 1006 XII
Slipper 27 XII
Matting agent 28 XVI 650 Right 1008-9 XVI
Binder 26 XXII 1003-4 IX
Support 28 XVII 1009 XVII
〔substrate〕
Examples of the substrate that can be used in the present invention include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polycarbonates, cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene dinaphthalene dicarboxylate, polyethylene naphthalates, polyvinyl chloride, polyimide, and polyvinyl acetal. Synthetic plastic films such as polystyrene can also be preferably used. Syndiotactic polystyrenes are also preferred. These can be obtained, for example, by the methods described in JP-A Nos. 62-117708, 1-46912, and 1-178505. Further, a metal substrate such as stainless steel, a paper support such as baryta paper and resin coated paper, and a support provided with a reflective layer on the plastic film, supported by JP-A-62-253195 (pages 29 to 31) The thing described as a body is mentioned. RDNo. 17643, page 28, ibid. No. 18716, page 647, right column to page 648, left column, and No. 307105, page 879 can also be preferably used. As these supports, those having resistance to curling due to heat treatment of Tg or less as in US Pat. No. 4,141,735 can be used. Further, the surface of these supports may be subjected to surface treatment for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the support and other constituent layers. In the present invention, glow discharge treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, corona treatment, and flame treatment can be used as the surface treatment. Furthermore, the support body described in pages 44 to 149 of publicly known technology No. 5 (issued by Aztec Co., Ltd. on March 22, 1991) can also be used. Furthermore, RDNo. 308119, page 1009, Product Licensing Index, Volume 92, P108, “Supports”, and the like. In addition, a glass substrate or an epoxy resin kneaded with glass can be used.
〔電極〕
本発明の表示素子においては、対向電極の少なくとも1種が金属電極であることが好ましい。金属電極としては、例えば、白金、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、亜鉛、ニッケル、チタン、ビスマス、及びそれらの合金等の公知の金属種を用いることができる。金属電極は、電解質中の銀の酸化還元電位に近い仕事関数を有する金属が好ましく、中でも銀または銀含有率80%以上の銀電極が、銀の還元状態維持のために有利であり、また電極汚れ防止にも優れる。電極の作製方法は、蒸着法、印刷法、インクジェット法、スピンコート法、CVD法等の既存の方法を用いることができる。〔electrode〕
In the display element of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the counter electrodes is a metal electrode. As the metal electrode, for example, known metal species such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel, titanium, bismuth, and alloys thereof can be used. The metal electrode is preferably a metal having a work function close to the redox potential of silver in the electrolyte. Among them, silver or a silver electrode having a silver content of 80% or more is advantageous for maintaining the reduced state of silver. Excellent in preventing dirt. As an electrode manufacturing method, an existing method such as an evaporation method, a printing method, an ink jet method, a spin coating method, or a CVD method can be used.
また、本発明の表示素子は、対向電極の少なくとも1種が透明電極であることが好ましい。透明電極としては、透明で電気を通じるものであれば特に制限はない。例えば、Indium Tin Oxide(ITO:インジウム錫酸化物)、Indium Zinc Oxide(IZO:インジウム亜鉛酸化物)、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)、酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、白金、金、銀、ロジウム、銅、クロム、炭素、アルミニウム、シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、BSO(Bismuth Silicon Oxide)等が挙げられる。電極をこのように形成するには、例えば、基板上にITO膜をスパッタリング法等でマスク蒸着するか、ITO膜を全面形成した後、フォトリソグラフィ法でパターニングすればよい。表面抵抗値としては、100Ω/□以下が好ましく、10Ω/□以下がより好ましい。透明電極の厚みは特に制限はないが、0.1〜20μmであるのが一般的である。 In the display element of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the counter electrodes is a transparent electrode. The transparent electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent and conducts electricity. For example, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO: Indium Tin Oxide), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO: Indium Zinc Oxide), Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO), Indium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Platinum, Gold, Silver, Rhodium, Copper, Examples thereof include chromium, carbon, aluminum, silicon, amorphous silicon, and BSO (Bismuth Silicon Oxide). In order to form the electrode in this manner, for example, an ITO film may be vapor-deposited on the substrate by a sputtering method or the like, or an ITO film may be formed on the entire surface and then patterned by a photolithography method. The surface resistance value is preferably 100Ω / □ or less, and more preferably 10Ω / □ or less. The thickness of the transparent electrode is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.1 to 20 μm.
〔表示素子のその他の構成要素〕
本発明の表示素子には、必要に応じて、シール剤、柱状構造物、スペーサー粒子を用いることができる。[Other components of the display element]
In the display element of the present invention, a sealant, a columnar structure, and spacer particles can be used as necessary.
シール剤は電解質が外に漏れないように封入するためのものであり封止剤とも呼ばれ、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、酢酸ビニル系樹脂、エン−チオール系樹脂、シリコン系樹脂、変性ポリマー樹脂等の、熱硬化型、光硬化型、湿気硬化型、嫌気硬化型等の硬化タイプを用いることができる。 The sealing agent is used to enclose the electrolyte so that it does not leak out. It is also called a sealing agent. Epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, ene-thiol resin, silicon resin A curing type such as a thermosetting type, a photo-curing type, a moisture-curing type, or an anaerobic curing type, such as a modified polymer resin, can be used.
柱状構造物は、基板間の強い自己保持性(強度)を付与し、例えば、格子配列等の所定のパターンに一定の間隔で配列された、円柱状体、四角柱状体、楕円柱状体、台形柱状体等の柱状構造物を挙げることができる。また、所定間隔で配置されたストライプ状のものでもよい。この柱状構造物はランダムな配列ではなく、等間隔な配列、間隔が徐々に変化する配列、所定の配置パターンが一定の周期で繰り返される配列等、基板の間隔を適切に保持でき、且つ、画像表示を妨げないように考慮された配列であることが好ましい。柱状構造物は表示素子の表示領域に占める面積の割合が1〜40%であれば、表示素子として実用上十分な強度が得られる。 The columnar structure provides strong self-holding (strength) between the substrates, for example, a columnar body, a quadrangular columnar body, an elliptical columnar body, a trapezoidal array arranged in a predetermined pattern such as a lattice arrangement. A columnar structure such as a columnar body can be given. Alternatively, stripes arranged at predetermined intervals may be used. This columnar structure is not a random array, but can be properly maintained at intervals of the substrate, such as an evenly spaced array, an array in which the interval gradually changes, and an array in which a predetermined arrangement pattern is repeated at a constant period. The arrangement is preferably considered so as not to disturb the display. If the ratio of the area occupied by the columnar structure in the display area of the display element is 1 to 40%, a practically sufficient strength as a display element can be obtained.
一対の基板間には、該基板間のギャップを均一に保持するためのスペーサーが設けられていてもよい。このスペーサーとしては、樹脂製または無機酸化物製の球体を例示できる。また、表面に熱可塑性の樹脂がコーティングしてある固着スペーサーも好適に用いられる。基板間のギャップを均一に保持するために柱状構造物のみを設けてもよいが、スペーサー及び柱状構造物をいずれも設けてもよいし、柱状構造物に代えて、スペーサーのみをスペース保持部材として使用してもよい。スペーサーの直径は柱状構造物を形成する場合はその高さ以下、好ましくは当該高さに等しい。柱状構造物を形成しない場合はスペーサーの直径がセルギャップの厚みに相当する。 A spacer may be provided between the pair of substrates for uniformly maintaining a gap between the substrates. Examples of the spacer include a sphere made of resin or inorganic oxide. Further, a fixed spacer having a surface coated with a thermoplastic resin is also preferably used. In order to hold the gap between the substrates uniformly, only the columnar structure may be provided, but both the spacer and the columnar structure may be provided, or instead of the columnar structure, only the spacer is used as the space holding member. May be used. The diameter of the spacer is equal to or less than the height of the columnar structure, preferably equal to the height. When the columnar structure is not formed, the diameter of the spacer corresponds to the thickness of the cell gap.
〔表示素子駆動方法〕
本発明の表示素子の駆動操作は、単純マトリックス駆動であっても、アクティブマトリック駆動であってもよい。本発明でいう単純マトリックス駆動とは、複数の正極を含む正極ラインと複数の負極を含む負極ラインとが対向する形で互いのラインが垂直方向に交差した回路に、順次電流を印加する駆動方法のことを言う。単純マトリックス駆動を用いることにより、回路構成や駆動ICを簡略化でき安価に製造できるメリットがある。アクティブマトリックス駆動は、走査線、データライン、電流供給ラインが碁盤目状に形成され、各碁盤目に設けられたTFT回路により駆動させる方式である。画素毎にスイッチングが行えるので、階調やメモリー機能等のメリットがあり、例えば、特開2004−29327号の図5に記載されている回路を用いることができる。[Display element driving method]
The driving operation of the display element of the present invention may be simple matrix driving or active matrix driving. The simple matrix driving in the present invention is a driving method in which a current is sequentially applied to a circuit in which a positive line including a plurality of positive electrodes and a negative electrode line including a plurality of negative electrodes are opposed to each other in a vertical direction. Say that. By using simple matrix driving, there is an advantage that the circuit configuration and driving IC can be simplified and manufactured at low cost. The active matrix drive is a system in which scanning lines, data lines, and current supply lines are formed in a grid pattern, and are driven by TFT circuits provided in each grid pattern. Since switching can be performed for each pixel, there are advantages such as gradation and memory function. For example, a circuit described in FIG. 5 of JP-A-2004-29327 can be used.
〔商品適用〕
本発明の表示素子は、電子書籍分野、IDカード関連分野、公共関連分野、交通関連分野、放送関連分野、決済関連分野、流通物流関連分野等の用いることができる。具体的には、ドア用のキー、学生証、社員証、各種会員カード、コンビニストアー用カード、デパート用カード、自動販売機用カード、ガソリンステーション用カード、地下鉄や鉄道用のカード、バスカード、キャッシュカード、クレジットカード、ハイウェーカード、運転免許証、病院の診察カード、電子カルテ、健康保険証、住民基本台帳、パスポート、電子ブック等が挙げられる。[Product application]
The display element of the present invention can be used in an electronic book field, an ID card field, a public field, a traffic field, a broadcast field, a payment field, a distribution logistics field, and the like. Specifically, keys for doors, student ID cards, employee ID cards, various membership cards, convenience store cards, department store cards, vending machine cards, gas station cards, subway and railway cards, bus cards, Cash cards, credit cards, highway cards, driver's licenses, hospital examination cards, electronic medical records, health insurance cards, Basic Resident Registers, passports, electronic books, etc.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、実施例において「部」あるいは「%」の表示を用いるが、特に断りがない限り「質量部」あるいは「質量%」を表す。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, although the display of "part" or "%" is used in an Example, unless otherwise indicated, "part by mass" or "mass%" is represented.
《表示素子の作製》
〔表示素子1−1の作製〕
(電極1の作製)
厚さ1.5mmで2cm×4cmのガラス基板上に、ピッチ145μm、電極幅130μmのITO(Indium Tin Oxide、インジウム錫酸化物)膜を公知の方法に従って形成し、ITO電極(電極1)を作製した。<< Production of display element >>
[Production of Display Element 1-1]
(Production of electrode 1)
An ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film having a pitch of 145 μm and an electrode width of 130 μm is formed on a 2 cm × 4 cm glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm according to a known method, and an ITO electrode (electrode 1) is produced. did.
(電極2の作製)
厚さ1.5mmで2cm×4cmのガラス基板上に、公知の方法を用いて、電極厚み0.1μm、ピッチ145μm、電極間隔130μmのニッケル電極を形成し、得られた電極をさらに置換金メッキ浴に浸漬し、電極表面から深さ0.05μmが金で置換された金−ニッケル電極(電極2)を作製した。(Preparation of electrode 2)
A nickel electrode having an electrode thickness of 0.1 μm, a pitch of 145 μm, and an electrode interval of 130 μm is formed on a glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm and a size of 2 cm × 4 cm by using a known method. A gold-nickel electrode (electrode 2) having a depth of 0.05 μm replaced with gold from the electrode surface was prepared.
(電解液1の調製)
ジメチルスルホキシド(表1には、DMSOと略記)2.5g中に、ヨウ化銀0.1gとヨウ化ナトリウム0.2gとテトラブチルアンモニウムパークロライド0.025gを溶解して、電解液1を得た。(Preparation of electrolyte 1)
In 2.5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide (abbreviated as DMSO in Table 1), 0.1 g of silver iodide, 0.2 g of sodium iodide and 0.025 g of tetrabutylammonium perchloride are dissolved to obtain an electrolytic solution 1. It was.
(表示素子の作製)
電極2の周辺部を、平均粒径40μmのガラス製球形ビーズを体積分率として10%含むオレフィン系封止剤で縁取りした後に、電極2と電極1とを、それぞれストライプ状の電極が直交するように貼り合わせ、さらに加熱押圧して空セルを作製した。該空セルに電解液1を真空注入し、注入口をエポキシ系の紫外線硬化樹脂にて封止し、表示素子1−1を作製した。(Production of display element)
After the periphery of the electrode 2 is edged with an olefin-based sealant containing glass spherical beads having an average particle diameter of 40 μm as a volume fraction of 10%, the striped electrodes are orthogonal to the electrodes 2 and 1 respectively. The cells were bonded together and further heated and pressed to produce an empty cell. The electrolytic solution 1 was vacuum-injected into the empty cell, and the injection port was sealed with an epoxy-based ultraviolet curable resin to produce a display element 1-1.
〔表示素子1−2の作製〕
(電解液2の調製)
ジメチルスルホキシド1.25gと本発明の化合物8の1.25g中に、ヨウ化銀0.1gとヨウ化ナトリウム0.2gとテトラブチルアンモニウムパークロライド0.025gを溶解して、電解液2を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-2]
(Preparation of electrolyte 2)
In 1.25 g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 1.25 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver iodide, 0.2 g of sodium iodide and 0.025 g of tetrabutylammonium perchloride are dissolved to obtain an electrolytic solution 2. It was.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液2に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−2を作製した。(Production of display element)
In the production of the display element 1-1, a display element 1-2 was produced in the same manner except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 2.
〔表示素子1−3の作製〕
(電解液3の調製)
ジメチルスルホキシド2.5g中に、塩化ビスマス0.1gと臭化リチウム0.2gとテトラブチルアンモニウムパークロライド0.025gを溶解して、電解液3を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-3]
(Preparation of electrolyte 3)
In 2.5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.1 g of bismuth chloride, 0.2 g of lithium bromide and 0.025 g of tetrabutylammonium perchloride were dissolved to obtain an electrolytic solution 3.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液3に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−3を作製した。(Production of display element)
In the production of the display element 1-1, a display element 1-3 was produced in the same manner except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 3.
〔表示素子1−4の作製〕
(電解液4の調製)
ジメチルスルホキシド1.25gと本発明の化合物8の1.25g中に、塩化ビスマス0.1gと臭化リチウム0.2gとテトラブチルアンモニウムパークロライド0.025gを溶解して、電解液4を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-4]
(Preparation of electrolyte 4)
In 1.25 g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 1.25 g of the compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of bismuth chloride, 0.2 g of lithium bromide and 0.025 g of tetrabutylammonium perchloride were dissolved to obtain an electrolytic solution 4. .
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液4に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−4を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-4 was manufactured in the same manner as in the manufacture of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 4.
〔表示素子1−5の作製〕
(電解液5の調製)
ジメチルスルホキシド2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀(トシル酸銀ともいう)0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液5を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-5]
(Preparation of electrolyte 5)
In 2.5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate (also referred to as silver tosylate), 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, and spiro (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate 025 g was dissolved to obtain an electrolytic solution 5.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液5に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−5を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-5 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 5.
〔表示素子1−6の作製〕
(電解液6の調製)
1−メチル−2−ピロリドン(表1には、NMPと略記)2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液6を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-6]
(Preparation of electrolyte 6)
In 2.5 g of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (abbreviated as NMP in Table 1), 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate and 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, tetrafluoroborate spiro (1 , 1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium 0.025 g was dissolved to obtain an electrolytic solution 6.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液6に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−6を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-6 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 6.
〔表示素子1−7の作製〕
(電解液7の調製)
本発明の化合物8の2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液7を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-7]
(Preparation of electrolyte solution 7)
In 2.5 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate, 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, and 0.025 g of spiro (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate are dissolved. Thus, an electrolytic solution 7 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液7に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−7を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-7 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 7.
〔表示素子1−8の作製〕
(電解液8の調製)
本発明の化合物3の2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液8を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-8]
(Preparation of electrolyte 8)
In 2.5 g of Compound 3 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate, 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, and 0.025 g of spiro (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate are dissolved. Thus, an electrolytic solution 8 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液8に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−8を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-8 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 8.
〔表示素子1−9の作製〕
(電解液9の調製)
本発明の化合物11の2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液9を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-9]
(Preparation of electrolyte 9)
In 2.5 g of Compound 11 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate, 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12 and 0.025 g of spiro (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate are dissolved. Thus, an electrolytic solution 9 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液9に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−9を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-9 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 9.
〔表示素子1−10の作製〕
(電解液10の調製)
本発明の化合物27の2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液10を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-10]
(Preparation of electrolyte 10)
In 2.5 g of Compound 27 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate, 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, and 0.025 g of spiro (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate are dissolved. Thus, an electrolytic solution 10 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液10に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−10を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-10 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 10.
〔表示素子1−11の作製〕
(電解液11の調製)
本発明の化合物8の2.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物3−3を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液11を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-11]
(Preparation of electrolyte solution 11)
In 2.5 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate, 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 3-3, and 0.025 g of spiro (1,1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate are dissolved. Thus, an electrolytic solution 11 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液11に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−11を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-11 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 11.
〔表示素子1−12の作製〕
(電解液12の調製)
例示化合物5−4の0.25gと本発明の化合物8の2.25g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと化合物(2)−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液12を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-12]
(Preparation of electrolyte solution 12)
In 0.25 g of Exemplified Compound 5-4 and 2.25 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate, 0.2 g of Compound (2) -12, tetrafluoroborate spiro (1 , 1 ′)-bipyrrolidinium 0.025 g was dissolved to obtain an electrolyte solution 12.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液12に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−12を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-12 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 12.
〔表示素子1−13の作製〕
(電解液13の調製)
例示化合物5−4の0.5gと本発明の化合物8の2.0g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液13を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-13]
(Preparation of electrolytic solution 13)
In 0.5 g of Exemplified Compound 5-4 and 2.0 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate and 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, tetrafluoroborate spiro (1, 1 ')-bipyrrolidinium 0.025g was melt | dissolved and the electrolyte solution 13 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液13に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−13を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-13 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 13.
〔表示素子1−14の作製〕
(電解液14の調製)
例示化合物5−4の1.25gと本発明の化合物8の1.25g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液14を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-14]
(Preparation of electrolytic solution 14)
In 1.25 g of Exemplified Compound 5-4 and 1.25 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate and 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, tetrafluoroborate spiro (1, 1 ')-bipyrrolidinium 0.025g was melt | dissolved and the electrolyte solution 14 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液14に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−14を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-14 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 14.
〔表示素子1−15の作製〕
(電解液15の調製)
例示化合物5−4の2.0gと本発明の化合物8の0.5g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液15を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-15]
(Preparation of electrolytic solution 15)
In 2.0 g of Exemplified Compound 5-4 and 0.5 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate and 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, tetrafluoroborate spiro (1, 1 ')-bipyrrolidinium 0.025g was melt | dissolved and the electrolyte solution 15 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液15に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−15を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-15 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 15.
〔表示素子1−16の作製〕
(電解液16の調製)
例示化合物5−4の2.25gと本発明の化合物8の0.25g中に、p−トルエンスルフォン酸銀0.1gと例示化合物4−12を0.2gとテトラフルオロホウ酸スピロ(1,1′)−ビピロリジニウム0.025gを溶解して、電解液16を得た。[Production of Display Element 1-16]
(Preparation of electrolytic solution 16)
In 2.25 g of Exemplified Compound 5-4 and 0.25 g of Compound 8 of the present invention, 0.1 g of silver p-toluenesulfonate and 0.2 g of Exemplified Compound 4-12, tetrafluoroborate spiro (1, 1 ')-bipyrrolidinium 0.025g was melt | dissolved and the electrolyte solution 16 was obtained.
(表示素子の作製)
上記表示素子1−1の作製において、電解液1を電解液16に変更した以外は同様にして、表示素子1−16を作製した。(Production of display element)
A display element 1-16 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the display element 1-1 except that the electrolytic solution 1 was changed to the electrolytic solution 16.
《表示素子の評価》
(メモリー性の評価)
各表示素子の表示電極側に+1.5Vの電圧を1.5秒間印加して白表示させた後に、印加時間を調整しながら−1.5Vの電圧を印加し、反射率10%のグレーを表示させた。グレー表示させた表示素子を50℃の環境下で放置し、10分後の反射率を測定し、反射率10%からの変化量をΔRGlayとした。この時の反射率は、コニカミノルタセンシング社製の分光測色計CM−3700dで測定した波長550nmでの反射率とする。<< Evaluation of display element >>
(Evaluation of memory)
After applying a voltage of + 1.5V to the display electrode side of each display element for 1.5 seconds to display white, a voltage of -1.5V is applied while adjusting the application time, and gray with a reflectance of 10% is applied. Displayed. The display element displayed in gray was left in an environment of 50 ° C., and the reflectance after 10 minutes was measured. The amount of change from the reflectance of 10% was taken as ΔR Glay . The reflectance at this time is a reflectance at a wavelength of 550 nm measured with a spectrocolorimeter CM-3700d manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing.
ここでは、反射率の変化量ΔRGlayが小さいほどメモリー性に優れることになる。Here, the smaller the change amount ΔR Glay of the reflectance, the better the memory performance.
以上により得られた各表示素子の評価結果を、表1に示す。 Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the respective display elements obtained as described above.
表1に記載の結果より明らかなように、本発明の構成を満たす表示素子は、比較例に対し、メモリー性に優れることが分かる。 As is apparent from the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the display element satisfying the configuration of the present invention is superior in memory performance as compared with the comparative example.
Claims (7)
一般式(3)
R7−S−R8
〔式中、R7、R8は各々置換または無置換の炭化水素基を表す。但し、S原子を含む環を形成する場合には、芳香族基をとることはない。〕
General formula (3)
R 7 -S-R 8
[Wherein R 7 and R 8 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. However, when a ring containing an S atom is formed, an aromatic group is not taken. ]
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JP2005275227A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | Display element |
JP2006323022A (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-30 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Electrolyte for display element, display element, and display device |
JP2007072368A (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | Display element |
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JP2005275227A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | Display element |
JP2006323022A (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-30 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Electrolyte for display element, display element, and display device |
JP2007072368A (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | Display element |
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