JP5430198B2 - Tire wear simulation method, apparatus, and program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tire wear simulation method, apparatus, and program, and more particularly, to a tire wear simulation method, apparatus, and program for simulating the progress of wear in a tire such as a pneumatic tire used in an automobile or the like.

  Conventionally, in tire development such as pneumatic tires, tire wear has been obtained by actually designing and manufacturing tires and actually measuring wear caused by running on a car, but in recent years it has become a finite element. With the development of numerical analysis techniques such as the law and the computer environment, it has become possible to calculate the tire shape and the like with a computer in consideration of the tire internal pressure filling state and the load state.

  For example, as a technique that enables calculation of tire performance using a computer, a technique that models a tire shape and simulates running is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). In this technique, a running simulation is performed using a tire finite element model according to running conditions including a friction coefficient.

JP 2006-21648 A JP 2005-263070 A JP 2005-271661 A

  In the technology for performing a running simulation according to a running condition including a friction coefficient using a conventional tire finite element model, the relationship between the tire wear amount and the wear energy is linear as shown by the characteristic A shown by the broken line in FIG. In the simulation, the wear energy is calculated under a plurality of driving conditions, the average wear energy is calculated, and then the wear amount is determined by a proportional constant between the wear energy and the wear amount. It was common to calculate.

  However, as shown by the characteristic B shown by the solid line in FIG. 7, the relationship between the tire wear amount and the wear energy actually has a linear region and a non-linear region, and particularly in a non-linear region where the wear energy is small. Traveling, i.e., traveling straight ahead largely affects the occurrence of uneven wear.

  Therefore, when simulating the uneven wear state with high accuracy, it is necessary to perform a simulation considering the nonlinearity in the region where the wear energy is small. Conventionally, after calculating the average wear energy, the wear energy and wear are calculated. Since the wear amount is calculated by a constant proportional to the amount, the nonlinear relationship between the wear energy and the wear amount is not accurately reflected in the “representative value of wear amount”, and tire wear can be accurately simulated. There wasn't.

  In view of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to obtain a tire wear simulation method, apparatus, and program capable of accurately simulating the wear of a tire such as a pneumatic tire used in an automobile or the like. .

In order to achieve the above object, in the tire wear simulation method according to claim 1, a tire model in which a tire is divided into a plurality of finite elements is created in step (a), and in step (b), Simulation conditions regarding deformation calculation by rolling of the tire model are set, and in step (c), deformation calculation of the tire model is executed based on the simulation condition, and in step (d), the calculation result of the deformation calculation is displayed. The wear energy of each of the elements is calculated based on the non-linear correspondence between the wear energy and the wear amount determined in advance in step (e), and the rubber test is performed using a tread observation machine including a sampling camera. Measure the behavior of the tread of the piece, and wear energy based on the shear force generated on the surface of the rubber test piece. Based on the non-linear relationship between the wear energy and wear amount obtained by calculating the over, the wear amount corresponding to the wear energy was calculated for each of the elements in step (f), the simulation conditions The steps (b) to (e) are controlled to be repeatedly executed under a plurality of simulation conditions with at least some of the conditions being different, and in step (g) A representative value of the amount of wear is calculated for each of the elements, and in step (h), the tire model is modified based on the representative value of the amount of wear determined for each of the elements, and in step (i), Control is performed so that the processes of steps (f) to (h) are repeatedly executed until a predetermined end condition is satisfied. In step (j), and outputs the processing result of the step (i).

  Thus, instead of calculating the wear amount corresponding to the average value after obtaining the average value of the wear energy under a plurality of simulation conditions, the wear amount corresponding to each of the wear energies determined under the plurality of simulation conditions is calculated. Since the tire model is corrected by obtaining a representative value of each amount of wear after obtaining, it is possible to accurately simulate the process of tire wear progressing particularly in a region where the wear energy is low.

  In addition, as described in claim 2, the representative value of the wear amount can be an average value of the plurality of wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions.

The tire wear simulation method can be easily realized by the following apparatus. Specifically, the tire wear simulation device according to claim 3 sets a creation means for creating a tire model in which a tire is divided into a finite number of elements, and a simulation condition relating to deformation calculation by rolling of the tire model. Setting means for performing deformation calculation means for executing deformation calculation of the tire model based on the simulation condition, and wear energy calculation means for calculating wear energy of each of the elements based on the calculation result of the deformation calculation. A non-linear correspondence between the predetermined wear energy and wear amount, and the behavior of the tread surface of the rubber test piece is measured using a tread observation device including a sampling camera, and shear generated on the surface of the rubber test piece Nonlinear correspondence between wear energy and wear amount obtained by calculating wear energy based on force Based on the engagement, the the wear amount calculating means for the wear amount corresponding to the wear energy is calculated for each of said elements, said setting means at least part of conditions at different simulation conditions of the simulation conditions, the deformation calculation And a first repetitive control means for controlling the processing by the wear energy calculation means to be repeatedly executed, and representative values of the plurality of wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions for each of the elements. Representative value calculating means for calculating, correcting means for correcting the tire model based on the representative value of the wear amount obtained for each of the elements, the control means, the representative until a predetermined end condition is satisfied Second iteration for controlling the processing by the value calculating means and the correcting means to be repeatedly executed Comprising a control means, and output means for outputting the processing result of the second repeat control means.

Further, when tire wear is simulated by a computer, as described in claim 4, (a) a step of creating a tire model in which a tire is divided into a plurality of finite elements, and (b) rolling of the tire model (C) executing deformation calculation of the tire model based on the simulation condition, and (d) wear of each of the elements based on the calculation result of the deformation calculation. A step of calculating energy; (e) a non-linear correspondence between predetermined wear energy and wear amount , measuring the behavior of the tread of a rubber test piece using a tread observation machine including a sampling camera, and the rubber The wear energy obtained by calculating the wear energy based on the shear force generated on the surface of the specimen Based on the non-linear correspondence between耗量, wherein said step of calculating the wear amount corresponding to the wear energy for each of said elements, (f) said a plurality of simulation conditions at least a portion of the condition is different from the simulation conditions A step of controlling the steps (b) to (e) to be repeatedly executed; (g) a step of calculating a representative value of the plurality of wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions for each of the elements; h) a step of modifying the tire model based on the representative value of the amount of wear obtained for each of the elements; (i) the processes of steps (f) to (h) until a predetermined end condition is satisfied. (J) Each step of controlling to be repeatedly executed, and (j) outputting the processing result of step (i) It is caused to execute the simulation program of tire wear on a computer that contains, can be simulated easily tire wear.

  As described above, according to the present invention, there is an effect that the wear of a tire such as a pneumatic tire used for an automobile or the like can be simulated with high accuracy.

It is the schematic of the personal computer for implementing simulation of tire wear. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of a tire wear simulation program. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a tire model creation process. It is a perspective view which shows a tire radial direction cross-section model. It is a perspective view which shows the three-dimensional model of a tire. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a rolling analysis process of a tire. It is a figure which shows the relationship between wear energy and wear amount.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied when simulating tire wear as the performance of a pneumatic tire.

  FIG. 1 shows an outline of a personal computer for carrying out simulation of pneumatic tire wear according to the present invention. The personal computer includes a keyboard 10 for inputting data and the like, a computer main body 12 that predicts tire performance according to a pre-stored processing program, and a CRT 14 that displays calculation results of the computer main body 12 and the like.

  The computer main body 12 includes a flexible disk unit (FDU) into which a flexible disk (FD) as a recording medium can be inserted and removed. Note that processing routines and the like described later can be read from and written to the flexible disk FD using the FDU. Therefore, a processing routine to be described later may be recorded in the FD in advance and the processing program recorded in the FD may be executed via the FDU. Further, a mass storage device (not shown) such as a hard disk device is connected to the computer main body 12, and the processing program recorded on the FD is stored (installed) in the mass storage device (not shown) and executed. Also good. The recording medium includes a recording tape, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM and a DVD, and a magneto-optical disk such as an MD and MO. When these are used, a corresponding read / write device can be used instead of the FDU. Good.

  FIG. 2 shows a processing routine of the tire wear simulation program of the present embodiment. In step 100, the tire model of the tire to be simulated is created. That is, a tire model is created based on a design plan (tire shape, structure, material, etc.) of a tire to be simulated.

  Specifically, a tire model creation routine shown in FIG. 3 is executed. In this tire model creation routine, first, a tire model is created in order to drop the tire design proposal into a numerical analysis model. The creation of the tire model differs slightly depending on the numerical analysis method used. In this embodiment, a finite element method (FEM) is used as a numerical analysis method. Therefore, the tire model to be created is divided into a plurality of elements by element division corresponding to the finite element method (FEM), for example, mesh division, and the tire is divided into a computer program created based on a numerical / analytical method. This is a numerical value in the input data format. This element division means dividing an object such as a tire and a road surface into several small (finite) small parts. After calculating every small part and calculating all the small parts, the whole response can be obtained by adding all the small parts. Note that a difference method or a finite volume method may be used as a numerical analysis method.

  In creating the tire model, a pattern is modeled after a tire cross-section model is created. First, in step 200, a tire radial section model (tire section data) is created. The tire cross-section data is obtained by measuring the tire outer shape with a laser shape measuring instrument or the like. Also, the exact structure of the tire is taken from the design drawings and actual tire cross-section data. Rubber and supplementary teaching materials (belts, plies, etc., in which reinforcing cords made of iron and organic fibers are bundled in a sheet) are modeled according to the modeling method of the finite element method. A model of the tire radial cross section modeled in this way is shown in FIG.

  In the next step 202, tire cross-section data (tire radial cross-section model), which is two-dimensional data, is developed by one turn in the circumferential direction to create a three-dimensional (3D) model of the tire. In this case, it is desirable to model the rubber part with an 8-node solid element and the supplementary teaching material with an anisotropic shell element that can express an angle.

  In the next step 204, the pattern is modeled. Modeling this pattern involves modeling a part or all of the pattern separately and pasting it as a tread on the tire model, or creating a pattern when developing tire cross-section data in the circumferential direction. It is possible to adopt creating a pattern in consideration of components. FIG. 5 shows a 3D model modeled three-dimensionally in this way.

  In the next step 206, a model of an object related to the tire including at least the road surface is created. In this step 206, the road surface state is input together with the creation of a road surface model obtained by dividing and modeling the road surface including a part of the tire, the ground contact surface, and the region where the tire moves and deforms. This road surface state is a road surface shape or a road surface material. The influence of friction due to this road surface condition will be described later. The fluid region interposed between the tire and the road surface may be divided and modeled.

  In the next step 208, the rubber constituent material of each part of the tire is set. As described above, structurally, the rubber in the tire and the supplementary teaching material are modeled by the finite element method, but the rubber in the tire, that is, the rubber constituent material of each part of the tire varies. Therefore, in this step 208, the rubber constituent material of each part of the tire is set. Thereby, various data constituting the tire can be defined.

  In step 102 in FIG. 2, setting processing of various simulation conditions such as boundary conditions is performed. The setting of the simulation condition is necessary for analysis of the tire model, that is, for simulating the behavior of the tire, and is various simulation conditions given to the tire model.

  First, of the simulation conditions, for example, an internal pressure and a load are set as the boundary conditions. Other simulation conditions include a road surface friction coefficient μ and a road surface speed. Setting the friction coefficient μ of the road surface corresponds to setting the road surface as a model and approximating the modeled road surface to the actual road surface. The road surface can be modeled by dividing the road surface shape into elements and modeling it, and selecting and setting the road surface friction coefficient μ. For example, depending on the road surface condition, there is a road friction coefficient μ corresponding to dry (DRY), wet (WET), ice, snow, unpaved, etc., so by selecting an appropriate value for the friction coefficient μ, the actual road surface Can be reproduced.

  It is known that the friction coefficient μ of a tire changes according to the contact pressure. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a characteristic (μ-P curve) obtained by an experiment or the like in advance for the relationship between the friction coefficient μ and the contact pressure P is made into a database and used.

  Further, other simulation conditions include a torque generated in the tire and a slip angle. Setting the torque corresponds to setting the longitudinal force generated in the tire, and setting the slip angle corresponds to setting the lateral force generated in the tire. Note that the various simulation conditions set in step 102 are not limited to the above example.

  In the next step 104, tire rolling analysis is executed. This rolling analysis is a process that is necessary for grasping the possibility of wear progressing due to changes over time, which is to analyze the change when the tire in contact with the road surface is rotated, that is, the deformation of the tire shape. is there.

  Specifically, the processing routine shown in FIG. 6 is executed. First, in step 300, a tire model and an ideal planar road surface model are read.

  In the next step 302, the tire model and the road surface model are brought close to each other and brought into contact with each other. In step 302, it is assumed that the tire model is horizontally approached (flat pressed) to the road surface model. This flat pushing is controlled by a load value or a deflection amount. In addition, what is necessary is just to incline with respect to a road surface model only the camber angle which designates a tire model, when designating a camber angle.

  In the next step 304, the center point of the tire model is moved in the horizontal direction with respect to the road surface model. At this time, the tire model and the shaft of the tire model are constrained, and a frictional force exists between the tire model and the road surface model, so that the restraint of the tire model is released and the tire model rotates. Note that, by changing the moving direction of the center point of the tire model from the direction of the tire model, it is possible to realize in a calculation the state in which the direction is instructed by the steering angle.

  In step 106 of FIG. 2, the wear energy distribution after the rolling analysis is obtained. The wear energy Ew corresponds to the friction work of the tire tread and can be obtained as follows. The wear energy may be referred to as friction energy.

  That is, as described in the tire wear life prediction method proposed by the present applicant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-326144), the wear energy Ew is the frictional force (horizontal stress: tangent to the road surface received from the road surface). It can be obtained by multiplying the directional stress (T) by the slip amount S of the tire tread (Ew = T · S).

  Here, in the FEM according to the present embodiment, the stress and the displacement of the node coordinates (element distortion) can be obtained for all the nodes and elements in the model. As described above, in the tire rolling calculation, the tire model is pressed against the road surface model to move in the horizontal direction. For this reason, frictional force (horizontal stress) and vertical stress are generated in the region (tread surface) where the road surface model and the tire model are in contact. At this time, the nodes in the tread surface of the tire model in contact with the road surface model behave as follows.

  (Vertical stress) x (Friction coefficient μ) ≥ (Horizontal stress)

Under the conditions, the tire model is constrained by the road surface model, the nodes in the tread do not move, and there is no displacement.

  (Vertical stress) x (Friction coefficient μ) <(Horizontal stress)

Under the conditions, the tire model is not constrained by the road surface model, and the nodes in the tread move relative to the road surface model. In this case, the tire model is deformed in a direction to relax the horizontal stress, and displacement occurs.

  The displacement when the tire model mentioned above is in contact with the road surface model is defined as the slip amount. In this method, a displacement in which a node has moved in the road surface model between the time when an arbitrary node starts contact with the road surface model and the time when contact ends is obtained as a slip amount. Therefore, the wear energy can be obtained from the stress and displacement obtained by FEM.

  In step 108, the wear amount is obtained from the wear energy of each node obtained in step 106.

  In the present embodiment, table data indicating a non-linear correspondence between wear energy and wear amount as represented by the characteristic B shown in FIG. 7 is obtained in advance and stored in a hard disk or the like of the computer main body 12. . And the wear amount of each node is calculated | required using this table data. Instead of the table data, an approximate function indicating a correspondence relationship between the wear energy and the wear amount may be obtained in advance, and the wear amount may be obtained from the wear energy using this approximate function.

  The correspondence relationship between the wear energy and the wear amount is obtained, for example, by a laboratory test using a rubber test piece. Conventionally, when calculating the wear energy, the wear energy is calculated based on the axial force applied to the rubber test piece and the amount of slippage in a so-called lambone test or the like. The axial force in this case is determined by the sum of the forces from the depression of the tire to the kicking out, but the direction in which the depression force (driving force) is generated and the direction in which the kicking force (braking force) is generated Therefore, if the absolute value of the sum of the driving force and the absolute value of the sum of the braking force are the same, the sum of the sum of the driving force and the sum of the braking force is zero, and the axial force is It may become zero. Thereby, wear energy may become zero.

  However, in reality, there is a region where the tire wears in the vicinity of the tire kick-out side, and particularly in a region where the wear energy is low, the wear energy is calculated based on the axial force to obtain the wear energy with high accuracy. Can not. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the wear energy based on the shear force, not the wear energy based on the axial force.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, for example, the behavior of the tread surface of the rubber test piece is measured using a tread observation machine configured to include a high resolution sampling camera or the like, and shear generated on the surface of the rubber test piece is measured. The wear energy is calculated based on the force, and the correspondence between the wear energy and the wear amount is acquired. As a result, it is possible to accurately acquire a correspondence relationship in a region where the wear energy is low, where the relationship between the wear energy and the wear amount is nonlinear.

  In step 110, it is determined whether or not the above steps 102 to 108 have been executed under all of a plurality of predetermined simulation conditions. If the processing of steps 102 to 108 has been executed under all of the plurality of simulation conditions, the process proceeds to step 112. However, if there is a simulation condition that has not yet been executed, the process returns to step 102 to reset the simulation condition, and the same processing as described above is repeated.

  In the resetting of the simulation conditions in step 102, for example, it is conceivable to change the torque corresponding to the longitudinal force generated in the tire or the slip angle corresponding to the lateral force generated in the tire.

  The longitudinal force and lateral force generated in the tire vary depending on the road surface condition. For example, the front / rear force and lateral force generated on the tire are different on a road surface with a lot of straight running such as an expressway, a road surface with a lot of up / down running such as a slope, and a road surface with a lot of cornering running such as an urban area.

  Therefore, it is possible to perform a simulation according to the nature of the traveling course by making the longitudinal force and the lateral force different and performing the processing of the above steps 102 to 108 a plurality of times under the same other simulation conditions.

  For example, if the traveling course to be simulated has a straight travel ratio of 50%, an up / down travel ratio of 30%, and a cornering travel ratio of 20%, the wear energy calculated under each condition in the calculation of the wear energy in step 106 By multiplying the energy by the above ratio, it is possible to accurately simulate the wear of the tire when the vehicle travels on the simulation course.

  When the amount of wear at each node is obtained under all of the plurality of simulation conditions, in step 112, the average value of the amount of wear obtained under the plurality of simulation conditions is obtained for each node. In addition, it is not restricted to an average value, What is necessary is just a value which represents the abrasion amount calculated | required on several simulation conditions, such as a weighted average value and a median value.

  In step 114, the tire model is corrected to a tire model that has been cut by the wear amount of each node obtained in step 112. That is, the coordinates of each node are moved by a distance corresponding to the wear amount.

  In the next step 116, it is determined whether or not a predetermined end condition is satisfied. If the end condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step 118. If the end condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step 102 and the same as above. Repeat the process.

  As an end condition, the number of repetitions of steps 102 to 114, that is, the number of corrections of the tire model may be a predetermined number. The end condition may be a node where the wear amount is a predetermined wear amount, and the end condition may be a case where the average value of each wear amount is a predetermined wear amount. Note that the above example of the end condition is an example, and is not limited to the above example.

  In step 118, the calculation result is output. As an example of the calculation result, there is display data for displaying the finally corrected tire model. With this display data, it is possible to display an image for grasping the state of stress distribution and wear energy distribution for a tire that shifts with time. Further, final various data (for example, parameters such as simulation conditions and wear amount) may be output.

  Thus, in this embodiment, after obtaining the average value of wear energy under a plurality of simulation conditions as in the prior art, the amount of wear corresponding to the average value is not obtained, but obtained under a plurality of simulation conditions. Since the tire model was corrected by obtaining the wear amount corresponding to each wear energy and then obtaining the average value of each wear amount, the process of tire wear progressing particularly in the region where the wear energy is low is accurate. Can be simulated.

10 Keyboard 12 Computer body 14 CRT
30 Tire model FD Flexible disk

Claims (4)

A tire wear simulation method including the following steps.
(A) A step of creating a tire model in which a tire is divided into a finite number of elements.
(B) A step of setting simulation conditions relating to deformation calculation by rolling of the tire model.
(C) A step of executing deformation calculation of the tire model based on the simulation conditions.
(D) calculating wear energy of each of the elements based on the calculation result of the deformation calculation;
(E) Non-linear correspondence between predetermined wear energy and wear amount , which is generated on the surface of the rubber test piece by measuring the behavior of the rubber test piece using a tread observation device including a sampling camera. Calculating a wear amount corresponding to the wear energy for each of the elements based on a non-linear correspondence between the wear energy and the wear amount obtained by calculating the wear energy based on the shearing force to be applied .
(F) A step of controlling the steps (b) to (e) to be repeatedly executed under a plurality of simulation conditions in which at least some of the simulation conditions are different.
(G) calculating a plurality of representative values of the wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions for each of the elements;
(H) A step of correcting the tire model based on the representative value of the wear amount obtained for each of the elements.
(I) A step of controlling the processes of steps (f) to (h) to be repeatedly executed until a predetermined end condition is satisfied.
(J) A step of outputting the processing result of step (i). The tire wear simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the representative value of the wear amount is an average value of the plurality of wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions. Creating means for creating a tire model by dividing a tire into a finite number of elements;
Setting means for setting simulation conditions for deformation calculation by rolling of the tire model;
Deformation calculation means for executing deformation calculation of the tire model based on the simulation conditions;
Wear energy calculating means for calculating the wear energy of each of the elements based on the calculation result of the deformation calculation;
Non-linear correspondence between wear energy and wear amount determined in advance , measuring the behavior of the tread surface of a rubber test piece using a tread observation machine including a sampling camera, and the shear force generated on the surface of the rubber test piece Wear amount calculation means for calculating a wear amount corresponding to the wear energy for each of the elements based on a non-linear correspondence between the wear energy and the wear amount obtained by calculating the wear energy based on
First iterative control means for controlling the setting means, the deformation calculation means, and the wear energy calculation means to be repeatedly executed under a plurality of simulation conditions in which at least some of the simulation conditions are different;
Representative value calculation means for calculating a representative value of the plurality of wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions for each of the elements;
Correction means for correcting the tire model based on the representative value of the wear amount obtained for each of the elements;
A second repetitive control means for controlling the processing by the control means, the representative value calculating means, and the correcting means to be repeatedly executed until a predetermined end condition is satisfied;
Output means for outputting a processing result by the second repetition control means;
Tire wear simulation device equipped with. A tire wear simulation program for causing a computer to execute processing including the following steps.
(A) A step of creating a tire model in which a tire is divided into a finite number of elements.
(B) A step of setting simulation conditions relating to deformation calculation by rolling of the tire model.
(C) A step of executing deformation calculation of the tire model based on the simulation conditions.
(D) calculating wear energy of each of the elements based on the calculation result of the deformation calculation;
(E) Non-linear correspondence between predetermined wear energy and wear amount , which is generated on the surface of the rubber test piece by measuring the behavior of the rubber test piece using a tread observation device including a sampling camera. Calculating a wear amount corresponding to the wear energy for each of the elements based on a non-linear correspondence between the wear energy and the wear amount obtained by calculating the wear energy based on the shearing force to be applied .
(F) A step of controlling the steps (b) to (e) to be repeatedly executed under a plurality of simulation conditions in which at least some of the simulation conditions are different.
(G) calculating a plurality of representative values of the wear amounts calculated under the plurality of simulation conditions for each of the elements;
(H) A step of correcting the tire model based on the representative value of the wear amount obtained for each of the elements.
(I) A step of controlling so that the processes of steps (f) to (h) are repeatedly executed until a predetermined end condition is satisfied.
(J) A step of outputting the processing result of step (i).

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