JP5425038B2 - Portable vibration diagnostic device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a portable vibration diagnostic apparatus that measures vibration of equipment and diagnoses the presence or absence of abnormality of the equipment.

There is a portable abnormality diagnosis apparatus as an apparatus for diagnosing the presence or absence of abnormality of a plurality of equipment devices installed in a factory or the like, for example, rotating devices such as pumps and fans.
Such a conventional portable vibrometer is composed of a vibration sensor with a cable, an amplifier that amplifies a vibration signal from the vibration sensor, and a computer (generally a PDA) that calculates various measured values from the vibration signal. The thing is common (refer patent document 1).
The reason for this is that a work that is as light and easy to carry as possible is required in field work. As a result of emphasizing simplicity, the 1ch type with a minimum of functions, that is, a vibration sensor becomes one vibration meter. ing.

On the other hand, by installing various sensors on the equipment to be diagnosed and monitoring online, comparing the data obtained from the sensors with the reference value set by the user, it is determined that each device is abnormal, For example, there is a “vibration measurement system” described in Patent Document 2.
The “vibration measurement system” described in Patent Document 2 includes an “acceleration sensor device that digitally converts a vibration acceleration signal detected by an acceleration sensor for detecting vibration acceleration, and transmits the digital signal to a measuring instrument in a wireless manner; , Vibration sensor device that detects vibration by digital sensor and transmits digital signal to measuring instrument by wireless method, and rotation detected by rotation pulse meter to detect rotation speed And a rotation pulse sensor device that transmits a pulse signal to a measuring instrument in a wireless manner ”(refer to claim 1 of Patent Document 2).
Although the thing of patent document 2 is fundamentally not an above-mentioned portable type diagnostic apparatus but an on-line type thing, only a part of function is performed with the portable terminal 18 which can be carried.

JP 2005-337965 A JP 2009-8529 A

In the conventional portable diagnostic apparatus, the function is minimized with an emphasis on simplicity, so the 1ch type, that is, the vibration sensor has become one vibration meter. Therefore, the conventional portable diagnostic apparatus has the following problems.
(1) In order to perform vibration diagnosis of a rotating device to be measured, sensors are arranged in order at least for the number of bearings installed (for example, there are at least four bearings in the case of a motor and pump configuration). It is necessary to repeat the measurement work by installing it in For this reason, the 1ch-type vibrometer requires a lot of time for the measurement time itself.
(2) Since the conventional 1ch vibrometer cannot simultaneously sample vibration waveform data for a plurality of measurement points, vibration analysis methods (for example, Lissajous analysis and actual operation analysis) considering phase information are not available. There is a problem that the vibration analysis technique that is possible is limited.
(3) Since the conventional portable vibrometer has the vibration sensor connected to the main body with a cable, when attaching the vibration sensor to the equipment to be measured, it is necessary to give sufficient consideration so that the sensor cable is not caught in the rotating body. In addition, since the sensor cable has been shortened to reduce weight, it is necessary to take care not to touch the rotating device during measurement work, which hinders simple and quick measurement work. It was a factor.
(4) In the case of the conventional example in which the vibration sensor is connected by a cable, if the sensor cable is shaken during vibration measurement, noise is generated due to the tribo effect when the coaxial cable is bent or twisted. There is a problem that this noise is superimposed on the vibration waveform data and affects the vibration waveform data.

As described above, various problems remain in the conventional portable vibrometer.
On the other hand, in the case of the on-line type of Patent Document 2, it is possible to measure a plurality of locations at the same time using a plurality of sensors.
However, the on-line type vibration measuring apparatus has vibration sensors installed in advance at a plurality of measurement locations, and requires extensive setup.
In addition, since vibration sensors are installed in advance for each device to be measured, it is necessary to spend a lot of time such as initial setting work for each device to be measured.
Furthermore, there is a problem that the installation location of the vibration sensor cannot be changed. This is because, when the installation location of the vibration sensor is changed, the data at the location where the vibration sensor was previously installed and the data at the location where the vibration sensor was newly installed are mixed.
For this reason, instead of changing the installation location of the vibration sensor, it is necessary to newly install another vibration sensor and make a new setting, which requires time and labor for setting work and the like.

  As described above, various problems remain in the conventional portable vibrometer, and on the other hand, the on-line type vibration diagnostic device is completely different from the portable type and requires large-scale equipment and cost. In addition, there is a problem that the installation location of the vibration sensor cannot be arbitrarily changed.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a portable vibration diagnostic apparatus that can measure a plurality of locations simultaneously, safely, simply, and quickly.

In order to solve various problems of the portable vibrometer, the inventor made the following thoughts as a result of diligent study to enable simultaneous measurement of a plurality of locations with a plurality of channels while being portable. .
In a conventional portable vibrometer, it is necessary to attach an analog circuit such as an integration circuit, a bandpass filter, and an A / D conversion circuit to the vibrometer itself. .
Therefore, the inventor has various problems that the conventional vibrometer has by making the vibration sensor side have the function of the analog circuit that the conventional vibrometer has, and reducing the vibration sensor to be wireless. Thought it could be solved.
In addition, since vibration sensors can be installed at multiple measurement locations at the same time, and the installation locations can be changed according to the situation so that vibration analysis can be performed, the installation locations of the vibration sensors can be patterned in advance. We thought that quick diagnosis would be possible.
The present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and specifically comprises the following constitution.

(1) A portable vibration diagnosis apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of vibration sensor units and a vibration diagnosis unit that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit and diagnoses a device.
The vibration sensor unit includes a magnet for fixing the vibration sensor unit, a vibration sensor, A / D conversion means for converting a signal output from the vibration sensor into a digital signal, and a digital signal by the A / D conversion means. A wireless transmission means for transmitting the changed signal in a wireless manner; and a battery serving as a driving power source for the vibration sensor and the wireless transmission means.
The vibration diagnosis unit includes a receiving unit that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit, and a program storage unit that stores an analysis program for analyzing the vibration waveform data based on the vibration waveform data transmitted from the vibration sensor unit. An installation location pattern storage means for storing a combination pattern of locations where the plurality of vibration sensor units are installed; a pattern selection means for selecting a pattern stored in the installation location pattern storage means; Based on the vibration waveform data stored in the vibration waveform data storage means, the vibration waveform data storage means for storing the vibration waveform data received by the pattern selection means as vibration waveform data corresponding to the pattern selected by the pattern selection means Diagnostic processing means for performing vibration diagnosis by the analysis program And it is characterized in and.

(2) Further, in the above-described (1), the vibration diagnosis unit is configured by a portable PC, and the reception unit is configured by a relay unit that is detachable from the portable PC. To do.

(3) In the above (1) or (2), the analysis program is one or more of a frequency analysis program, a Lissajous analysis program, an actual operation analysis program, and a coherence function analysis program. It is a feature.

The present invention includes a plurality of vibration sensor units, and a vibration diagnosis unit that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit and diagnoses a device,
The vibration sensor unit includes a magnet for fixing the vibration sensor unit, a vibration sensor, A / D conversion means for converting a signal output from the vibration sensor into a digital signal, and a digital signal by the A / D conversion means. A wireless transmission means for transmitting the changed signal in a wireless manner; and a battery serving as a driving power source for the vibration sensor and the wireless transmission means.
The vibration diagnosis unit includes a receiving unit that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit, and a program storage unit that stores an analysis program for analyzing the vibration waveform data based on the vibration waveform data transmitted from the vibration sensor unit. An installation location pattern storage means for storing a combination pattern of locations where the plurality of vibration sensor units are installed; a pattern selection means for selecting a pattern stored in the installation location pattern storage means; Based on the vibration waveform data stored in the vibration waveform data storage means, the vibration waveform data storage means for storing the vibration waveform data received by the pattern selection means as vibration waveform data corresponding to the pattern selected by the pattern selection means Diagnostic processing means for performing vibration diagnosis by the analysis program And by, according to the diagnostic status of the site was sampled vibration waveform data while changing the measurement point, it is possible to perform the various diagnostic in situ, it is possible to perform accurate diagnosis easily.

It is explanatory drawing of a structure of the portable vibration diagnostic apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vibration sensor unit which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vibration diagnostic part which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the apparatus made into the object of vibration diagnosis in one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the location which installs a vibration sensor unit with respect to the apparatus shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the installation pattern of the vibration sensor unit in one embodiment of this invention (pattern 1). It is explanatory drawing of the installation pattern of the vibration sensor unit in one embodiment of this invention (pattern 4). It is explanatory drawing of the installation pattern of the vibration sensor unit in one embodiment of this invention (pattern 7). It is a flowchart which shows the flow of operation | movement which performs a vibration diagnosis using the portable vibration diagnosing device which concerns on one embodiment of this invention.

[Embodiment 1]
The portable vibration diagnosis apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 and a vibration diagnosis unit 5 that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit 3 and diagnoses a device. .
Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.

<Vibration sensor unit>
As shown in FIG. 2, the vibration sensor unit 3 is output from the magnet 7 for installing the vibration sensor unit 3 at a measurement location, a sensor unit 9 (corresponding to a vibration sensor) made of a piezoelectric element, and the sensor unit 9. An amplifier 11 that amplifies the received signal, an A / D converter 13 (corresponding to A / D conversion means) that converts the vibration amplified by the amplifier 11 into a digital signal, and the A / D converter 13 changes the digital signal. A wireless transmission unit 15 (corresponding to wireless transmission means) for transmitting the received signal in a wireless manner, and a vibration sensor and a battery 17 serving as a driving power source for the wireless transmission means.
Since the battery 17 is mounted on the vibration sensor unit 3, it is not necessary to separately supply driving power, so that the vibration sensor unit 3 can be installed at a desired location.
In this embodiment, four vibration sensor units 3 are used. However, in the present invention, the number of vibration sensor units 3 is not limited to four.

<Vibration diagnosis part>
The vibration diagnosis unit 5 is configured by functions implemented by executing a device and a program mounted on a portable PC.
As shown in FIG. 3, the vibration diagnosis unit 5 receives a relay unit 19 (corresponding to a reception unit) that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit 3, and receives a signal input from the relay unit 19 to vibrate. A vibration waveform data storage means 21 for storing waveform data, a program storage means 23 for storing an analysis program used for diagnosis of equipment status based on the vibration waveform data, and an analysis program stored in the program storage means 23 are selected. Analysis program selection means 25 for performing, installation location pattern storage means 27 for storing a combination pattern of installation locations where a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 are installed, and a pattern for selecting a pattern stored in the installation location pattern storage means 27 A selection means 29, a diagnosis processing means 31 for calling the selected analysis program and making a diagnosis, Worker is provided with an input means 33 for inputting information such as for work orders, and display means 35 for displaying the analysis results.
Hereinafter, each configuration of the vibration diagnosis unit 5 will be described in more detail.

[Relay unit]
The relay unit 19 receives the data of each channel transmitted from each vibration sensor unit 3 and inputs it to the vibration waveform data storage means 21.
1 and 3 show the relay unit 19 that can be detachably attached to a PC (personal computer). However, a device equipped with the same function as that of the relay unit 19 may be built in the PC.

[Program storage means]
A plurality of analysis programs are stored in the program storage unit 23 by being installed.
In the present embodiment, a frequency analysis program 37, a Lissajous analysis program 39, an actual operation analysis program 41, and a coherence function analysis program 43 are installed.
The functions of each program are outlined below.

(Frequency analysis)
Frequency analysis is a technique of performing Fourier transform on measured vibration waveform data and analyzing the vibration waveform data by decomposing it into a function of frequency and amplitude.
Since the frequency to be generated is determined by the type of abnormality of the device to be diagnosed, the cause of the abnormality can be specified by performing frequency analysis.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 are installed at a plurality of measurement points, and vibration waveform data at a plurality of points can be collected at the same time. Vibration diagnosis can be performed by simultaneously comparing waveform data in real time.

(Lissajous analysis)
A Lissajous diagram is a combination of X and Y coordinates displayed using vibration waveform data measured simultaneously from two different directions (horizontal and vertical), and represents the movement around the axis.
Lissajous analysis is to identify the type of abnormality by observing the shape of the trajectory created by the Lissajous diagram.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 are installed at measurement points in two different directions, and vibration waveform data at a plurality of points can be collected simultaneously. It has become possible.

(Production analysis)
The actual operation analysis is an analysis method in which vibration waveform data at a plurality of measurement points in the operation state of the device are simultaneously collected and the actual vibration movement of the device is visualized by animation display using these waveforms. Since the state of vibration occurring during measurement is displayed as an animation on a screen such as a monitor, the difference between the normal state and the abnormal state can be easily determined.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 can be installed at a plurality of measurement points, and vibration waveform data at a plurality of points can be collected at the same time. became.

(Coherence function analysis)
Coherence analysis is an analysis method that uses a coherence function (relevance function) to collect two vibration waveform data from different measurement sites at the same time and evaluate whether or not there is a relationship between both vibration waveform data. .
The coherence function indicates the degree of association between two vibration waveform data at different measurement sites. The value is 0 when there is no relationship at all, and 1 when it is completely related. Is shown.
Coherence is calculated by the cross spectrum between two waveform data and the power spectrum of each waveform data. The relationship between the coherence and the cross spectrum is the same as the relationship between the correlation coefficient and the covariance. The coherence is obtained by dividing the size of the cross spectrum by the power spectrum and normalizing it.

  In the present embodiment, since a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 can be installed at a plurality of measurement points and vibration waveform data at a plurality of points can be collected simultaneously, coherence analysis can be performed while being portable. became.

[Installation location pattern storage means]
The installation location pattern storage means 27 stores a combination pattern of installation locations where a plurality of vibration sensor units 3 are installed.
In the present embodiment, a blower 45 shown in FIG. 4 will be described as an example of diagnosis.
The blower 45 includes a motor 51 installed on an installation stand 49 fixed on a foundation 47, a rotary shaft 57 of the blower 45 connected to the motor shaft 53 via a coupling 55, and a rotary shaft 57. A first bearing 59 and a second bearing 61 that are rotatably supported and a blower body 63 are provided. The blower 45 is connected to an intake side pipe 65 serving as an intake side and an exhaust side pipe 67 serving as an exhaust side.

As shown in FIG. 5, the vibration sensor unit 3 is installed at 15 locations of 1A, 1V, 1H, 2V, 2H, 3V, 3H, 4V, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 7A, 8H, and 8A. Assumed.
In addition, in the symbol which shows an installation location, a number shows an object apparatus, the alphabet A shows an axial direction, V shows the vertical direction, and H shows the horizontal direction.

  Table 1 shows an example of installation location patterns (hereinafter simply referred to as “patterns”) related to the installation locations where the four vibration sensor units 3 are installed. In Table 1, the purpose, sensor installation location, and analysis method embodiment are shown for each pattern.

A part of the patterns shown in Table 1 (patterns 1, 4, and 7 indicated by arrows in Table 1) will be described with reference to the drawings.
For example, in the case of the pattern 1, the sensor installation location is 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, and the purpose is to compare the vibration levels in the V direction between the portions. The analysis method used in pattern 1 is frequency analysis and / or actual operation analysis.
Each pattern stores the number of rotations of the target device, for example, the motor 51, in addition to the sensor installation location as described above, and this information is used when performing vibration diagnosis in the vibration processing unit.
FIG. 6 shows a state in which only the installation location of the pattern 1 is shown.

  In the case of the pattern 4, the sensor installation location is 1V, 1H, 2V, 2H, and the purpose is to investigate the locus around the axis of the motor 51. FIG. 7 shows a state in which only the installation location of the pattern 4 is shown. The analysis method used in pattern 4 is Lissajous analysis.

  In the case of the pattern 7, the sensor installation locations are 5H, 6H, 7H, and 8H, and the purpose is to confirm the vibration transmission status of the foundation 47, the installation base 49, the blower main body 63, and the piping section. FIG. 8 shows a state in which only the installation location of the pattern 7 is shown. The analysis method used in pattern 7 is coherence analysis.

[Pattern selection means]
The pattern selection unit 29 reads a pattern requested by the operator's instruction from the patterns stored in the installation location pattern storage unit 27 from the installation location pattern storage unit 27. The pattern may be selected by, for example, a button displayed on the display means 35 by the operator. When the pattern selection unit 29 reads the pattern of the installation location of the vibration sensor unit 3, the vibration waveform data is stored in the vibration waveform data storage unit 21 as the pattern data.

[Diagnosis processing means]
Based on the vibration waveform data stored in the vibration waveform data storage unit 21, the diagnosis processing unit 31 reads out the analysis program selected by the operator and performs vibration diagnosis.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
The flow chart shown in FIG. 9 exemplifies a case where a vibration investigation for investigating the cause is performed when abnormal vibration (or abnormal noise) is generated from the blower 45 for the blower 45 shown in FIG. Based on

A PC (portable personal computer, mobile PC) is started up (S1), and a measurement location list that lists the installation location patterns shown in Table 1 is displayed on the display means 35 (S3).
Diagnosis according to the present embodiment starts by specifying the location of abnormal vibration.
In specifying the abnormal vibration occurrence location, generally, vibration measurement is performed at four locations in any one direction of the bearing portions of the motor 51 and the blower 45.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, for example, the first measurement is performed with the pattern 1 in which the measurement directions are all in the V (vertical) direction, and the operator selects the pattern 1 with the input unit 33 from the measurement location list. When instructed (S5), the pattern selection means 29 reads the instructed pattern 1.

When the pattern 1 is selected, the operator installs the vibration sensor unit 3 at the installation location (see FIG. 6) of the vibration sensor unit 3 indicated by the pattern 1 (S7). The vibration sensor unit 3 has a magnet 7 and can be easily installed at a desired location.
When the installation of the vibration sensor unit 3 is completed, the measurement is started (S9). By starting the measurement, the vibration waveform data transmitted from the vibration sensor unit 3 is stored as pattern 1 data in the vibration waveform data storage means 21 via the relay unit 19.
When an analysis program, for example, a frequency analysis program is designated by an operator's instruction after a predetermined time has elapsed, the designated frequency analysis program 37 is read from the program storage means 23 and read by the analysis program selection means 25. The diagnosis processing unit 31 performs vibration diagnosis based on the vibration waveform data stored in the vibration waveform data storage unit 21 by the frequency analysis program 37.
The vibration diagnosis result is displayed on the display means.

By the above diagnosis, the vibrations of the four parts where the vibration sensor unit 3 is installed are analyzed, and it can be determined that the part where the largest vibration is generated is the abnormality occurrence part. In that case, it is determined that there is no need to change the measurement location, and the measurement process is terminated.
On the other hand, when the difference in vibration is not clear in the above result or when the vibration source cannot be specified, it is necessary to change the measurement point and the measurement direction and perform vibration measurement of other parts.
Depending on the type of abnormality, there is a direction in which vibration appears, so measurement under conditions with different directions may be effective. For example, if the cause is an imbalance of the blower impeller, the vibration in the H direction that is structurally more likely to swing than in the V direction or the A direction becomes larger.
When such a case is assumed, the process returns to the process of S3, the measurement location list is displayed, and vibration (pattern 2) in the H (horizontal) direction is selected from the measurement location list, for example.
When pattern 2 is selected, diagnosis is performed by the same processing as in the case of pattern 1 described above.

Further, when measurement in the A direction (axial direction) is necessary, the pattern 3 is selected and the same processing as in the case of the pattern 1 is performed.
In the measurement so far, you can know which direction the vibration is large and what is the cause of the abnormality, but if you still cannot identify the location and cause of the abnormality, select another pattern and perform diagnosis To do.
For example, the measurement is performed with the pattern 7 in order to determine whether the vibration from the foundation 47 is large or the vibration of the pipe is large.
In this way, the vibration waveform data is sampled while changing the measurement location one after another according to the situation at the site, and the magnitude of the vibration is compared on the spot, and the frequency analysis is performed on the spot to find the abnormal vibration frequency. Analyze and estimate the cause of abnormality.

In order to narrow down the cause of the abnormality, it is possible to simultaneously sample vibrations in the combination of the V direction and the H direction as in pattern 5 and perform Lissajous analysis to confirm the behavior around the axis.
Alternatively, the cause of abnormality can be identified by executing actual operation analysis using the simultaneous sampling data of patterns 1 and 2 and confirming the vibration mode and the phase information of each measurement point.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the vibration waveform data can be sampled while changing the measurement location in accordance with the on-site diagnosis status, and various diagnoses can be performed on the spot. Can be performed easily.
Such an effect cannot be achieved by a conventional one-channel portable vibrometer or an on-line type vibration device, and its usefulness is extremely high.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Portable vibration diagnostic apparatus 3 Vibration sensor unit 5 Vibration diagnostic part 7 Magnet 9 Sensor part 11 Amplifier 13 A / D converter 15 Wireless transmission unit 17 Battery 19 Relay unit 21 Vibration waveform data storage means 23 Program storage means 25 Analysis program selection Means 27 Installation location pattern storage means 29 Pattern selection means 31 Diagnosis processing means 33 Input means 35 Display means 37 Frequency analysis program 39 Lissajous analysis program 41 Actual operation analysis program 43 Coherence function analysis program 45 Blower 47 Foundation 49 Installation stand 51 Motor 53 Motor Shaft 55 Coupling 57 Rotating shaft 59 First bearing 61 Second bearing 63 Blower body 65 Suction side piping 67 Exhaust side piping

Claims (3)

A plurality of vibration sensor units, and a vibration diagnosis unit that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit and diagnoses a device,
The vibration sensor unit includes a magnet for fixing the vibration sensor unit, a vibration sensor, A / D conversion means for converting a signal output from the vibration sensor into a digital signal, and a digital signal by the A / D conversion means. A wireless transmission means for transmitting the changed signal in a wireless manner; and a battery serving as a driving power source for the vibration sensor and the wireless transmission means.
The vibration diagnosis unit includes a receiving unit that receives a radio signal transmitted from the vibration sensor unit, and a program storage unit that stores an analysis program for analyzing the vibration waveform data based on the vibration waveform data transmitted from the vibration sensor unit. An installation location pattern storage means for storing a combination pattern of locations where the plurality of vibration sensor units are installed; a pattern selection means for selecting a pattern stored in the installation location pattern storage means; Based on the vibration waveform data stored in the vibration waveform data storage means, the vibration waveform data storage means for storing the vibration waveform data received by the pattern selection means as vibration waveform data corresponding to the pattern selected by the pattern selection means Diagnostic processing means for performing vibration diagnosis by the analysis program Portable vibration diagnostic apparatus according to claim and.   2. The portable vibration diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vibration diagnosis unit is configured by a portable PC, and the reception unit is configured by a relay unit that is detachable from the portable PC.   The portable vibration diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the analysis program is one or more of a frequency analysis program, a Lissajous analysis program, an actual operation analysis program, and a coherence function analysis program.

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