JP5417537B2 - Transmitting apparatus, receiving apparatus, signal transmitting method, and signal receiving method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transmission device, a reception device, a signal transmission method, and a signal reception method.

  In recent years, much attention has been focused on optical communication technology using light in the visible light region. In particular, with the background of the rapid spread of lighting devices using light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), it is convenient to utilize infrastructure such as lighting devices installed indoors and outdoors. Technological development for realizing high-speed, high-speed data communication is in progress.

  As a light emitting means used for high-speed optical data communication, an LED is the most promising candidate in consideration of the influence on the human body and medical equipment. On the other hand, semiconductor light emitting devices such as a laser diode (LD) and a super luminescent diode (SLD) having faster response performance are also listed as candidates. The data transmission speed in optical communication depends on the response speed of the light emitting element. Therefore, attention is also focused on such a light-emitting element with a high response speed.

  In order to further improve the data transmission speed, a technique for stably transmitting a large amount of data during one signal emitted from a light emitting element is also required. With regard to such an optical communication technique, for example, Patent Document 1 below discloses a technique for removing spatial interference by assigning the time axis of an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) signal in the spatial direction.

JP 2008-252444 A

  When the OFDM system is used, frequency utilization efficiency and multipath tolerance can be improved. Therefore, it is widely used in wireless communication systems (for example, wireless LAN) and wired communication systems (for example, ADSL). Also in visible light communication, improvement of communication quality is expected by applying the OFDM method. However, the OFDM method has a problem that PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) increases. That is, a large dynamic range is required for the transmitter and the receiver.

  Therefore, when the OFDM method is applied to visible light communication, a very large current flows through the LED which is a transmission means of visible light communication. For example, a current of several hundred mA to several A flows through the LED. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a drive circuit capable of handling a signal with a very wide dynamic range on the transmission side. However, since an LED is usually intended to emit a constant amount of light, a special element is required to handle a signal with a large dynamic range, which is not realistic. Therefore, the present inventor has developed a new method that can enjoy the communication quality improvement effect obtained by the OFDM method without imposing performance requirements on a large dynamic range on the light emitting means.

  When the OFDM method is applied to visible light communication, on the transmission side, transmission data for the number of carriers is generated by serial-parallel conversion, and each transmission data is added after being assigned to a carrier signal, and the signal amplitude after the addition is added. One LED is controlled to emit light with a light emission intensity corresponding to. However, in the case of the above-described new method, after each transmission data is assigned to a carrier signal, an addition process is not performed, and an LED corresponding to each carrier has an emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude for each carrier. Light emission is controlled. As a result, the dynamic range performance requirements imposed on each LED and LED drive circuit are relaxed. Further, by using LEDs of different colors as the light emitting means and using PDs (Photo Diodes) of different colors as the light receiving means, it is possible to ease the dynamic range performance requirements imposed on the light receiving means.

  In addition, when a plurality of LEDs having different emission colors (light frequencies) are used, there is a concern about the influence of inter-color interference caused by the frequency characteristics of the LEDs and PDs, but as described above, they are orthogonal between carriers. Therefore, the influence of inter-color interference is suppressed. Therefore, the number of multiplexing (number of colors) can be increased to some extent, and the transmission speed can be improved. However, as the number of multiplexing increases, the frequency between colors approaches and the influence of intercolor interference increases, so there is a limit to the effect of improving the transmission rate by increasing the number of multiplexing. For these reasons, in order to further improve the transmission rate, a technique for transmitting more data with the same multiplexing number is required.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to improve the communication quality obtained by the OFDM method without imposing performance requirements on a large dynamic range on the light emitting means. An object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved transmitter, receiver, signal transmission method, and signal reception method capable of improving and transmitting more data with the same multiplexing number.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to one aspect of the present invention, a transmission device that performs visible light communication, and a plurality of light-emitting elements that emit light of different colors, and serially parallel-convert transmission data. A serial-parallel converter that outputs the first data string and the second data string corresponding to the number of carriers (N), and the N first data strings output from the serial-parallel converter are each given a predetermined multivalue. A modulation unit that generates N modulation signals by modulating the number, and the N modulation signals generated by the modulation unit are respectively multiplied by N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other. A sine wave signal multiplying unit that generates N carrier signals, and the N carrier signals generated by the sine wave signal multiplying unit are assigned to the plurality of light emitting elements based on the second data sequence, and the same light emission Add the carrier signal assigned to the element. Then, a carrier allocating unit that generates transmission signals as many as the number of light emitting elements, and a light emitting element corresponding to each transmission signal emits light with an emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of each transmission signal generated by the carrier allocating unit. And a light emission control unit.

  The carrier allocating unit has an input terminal to which each carrier signal is input and a plurality of output terminals respectively corresponding to the plurality of light emitting elements, and any one of output destinations of the carrier signals input to the input terminal N switches to be switched to the output terminal, a switch control unit that controls each switch based on the second data string, and controls an output destination of a carrier signal input to each switch, and the N switches The switches may include the same number of adders as the light emitting elements that add carrier signals output from output terminals corresponding to the same light emitting elements.

  The carrier allocation unit may execute the allocation process of each carrier signal so that one carrier signal is not allocated to the plurality of light emitting elements.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a receiving device that performs visible light communication, and receives a plurality of different colors and outputs a reception signal of each color. A modulation signal corresponding to the reception signal of each color by subjecting the light reception element and the reception signal output from each of the light reception elements to FFT processing using N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other Corresponding to the received signals of each color based on the modulation signal extracted by the FFT unit, the demodulation unit for demodulating the modulation signal extracted by the FFT unit and restoring the first data string Detecting a correspondence relationship between each carrier signal and each color light emitting element, and restoring a second data sequence based on the detection result, the demodulator, and the second data In the column restoration section A parallel-serial converter that restores the original transmission data by parallel-serial conversion of the original first and second data strings, wherein the N is the number of carriers applied to the transmission data. An apparatus is provided.

  The second data string restoration unit includes a signal determination unit that determines whether each of the N carrier signals is included in the reception signal of each color, and each color based on a determination result by the signal determination unit And a data restoration unit that detects a combination of each carrier signal and restores the second data string from the combination.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a transmission apparatus that performs visible light communication and has a plurality of light emitting elements that emit light of different colors from each other transmits transmission data in series and parallel. A serial-parallel conversion step of converting and outputting a first data sequence and a second data sequence corresponding to the number of carriers (N), and the N first data sequences output in the serial-parallel conversion step are respectively set to predetermined values. A modulation step that modulates with a multi-value number to generate N modulation signals, and the N modulation signals generated in the modulation step are multiplied by N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other. A sine wave signal multiplication step, and a carrier assignment step of assigning N carrier signals generated by the multiplication process of the sine wave signal multiplication step to the plurality of light emitting elements based on the second data sequence; In accordance with the signal amplitude of each transmission signal generated in the step of generating the transmission signal by the number of the light emitting elements by adding the carrier signals allocated to the same light emitting element in the assigning step, and the step of generating the transmission signal And a light emission control step of causing a light emitting element corresponding to each transmission signal to emit light with the emitted light intensity.

  The carrier allocating step has an input terminal to which each carrier signal is input and a plurality of output terminals respectively corresponding to the plurality of light emitting elements, and the output destination of each carrier signal input to the input terminal is any of Controlling the N switches to be switched to the output terminal based on the second data string, controlling the output destination of the carrier signal input to each switch, and the light emission for the N switches. And a step of adding carrier signals output from output terminals corresponding to the elements.

  In the carrier allocation step, the carrier signal allocation process may be executed so that one carrier signal is not allocated to the plurality of light emitting elements.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a receiver having a plurality of light receiving elements that perform visible light communication, receive light of different colors, and output a reception signal of each color. The apparatus performs an FFT process on the reception signals output from the respective light receiving elements using N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other, thereby generating modulation signals corresponding to the reception signals of the respective colors. An FFT step to extract, a demodulation step to demodulate the modulation signal extracted in the FFT step to restore the first data sequence, and a received signal of each color based on the modulation signal extracted in the FFT step A correspondence relationship between each carrier signal and the light emitting element of each color is detected, and a second data string restoration step for restoring a second data string based on the detection result; and the demodulation step And parallel-serial conversion step of restoring the original transmission data by parallel-serial conversion of the first and second data sequences restored in the second data sequence restoration step, and the N pieces are included in the transmission data A signal reception method is provided that is the number of applied carriers.

  The second data string restoration step includes: a signal determination step for determining whether each of the N carrier signals is included in the reception signal of each color; and each color based on a determination result by the signal determination step And a data restoration step of detecting a combination of the carrier signals and restoring the second data string from the combination.

  In order to solve the above problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a visible light communication system including the following transmission device and reception device.

  The above transmitting apparatus directly outputs a plurality of light emitting elements that emit light of different colors, and outputs the first data sequence and the second data sequence corresponding to the number of carriers (N) by serial-parallel conversion of transmission data. A parallel conversion unit, a modulation unit that generates N modulation signals by modulating each of the N first data strings output from the serial-parallel conversion unit with a predetermined multi-value number, and the modulation unit A sine wave signal multiplier that multiplies each of the N modulated signals by N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other, and N carriers generated by the multiplication process of the sine wave signal multiplier A carrier allocating unit that allocates signals to the plurality of light emitting elements based on the second data string, adds carrier signals allocated to the same light emitting elements, and generates transmission signals for the number of the light emitting elements; and Generated by In emission intensity according to the signal amplitude of each transmission signal, and it has a light emitting control unit for the light emitting elements corresponding to the respective transmission signals.

  As described above, the above transmission device realizes visible light communication using a plurality of light emitting elements that emit light of different colors. The transmission apparatus modulates transmission data into a plurality of carrier signals and transmits the data, and assigns and transmits a second data string to the correspondence between each carrier signal and each color (each light emitting element). Therefore, it is possible to transmit more data than the normal WDM system by the amount of the second data string, and an effect of improving the transmission speed can be obtained. Furthermore, since the first data sequence is assigned to the orthogonal carrier frequencies and transmitted, excellent communication performance specific to the OFDM scheme can be obtained. In particular, from the orthogonality of the carrier frequency, the influence of inter-color interference, which is a problem in the normal WDM system, is removed, and the transmission quality can be greatly improved as compared with the normal WDM system.

  In addition, the receiving device includes a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light of different colors and output reception signals of the respective colors, and the N sine wave signals with respect to the reception signals output from the light receiving elements. An FFT unit that extracts the modulation signal for each color by performing FFT processing using the demodulator, a demodulation unit that demodulates the modulation signal extracted by the FFT unit and restores the first data sequence, and the FFT unit A second data string restoring unit that detects a correspondence relationship between each of the carrier signals and each of the light emitting elements based on the modulation signal extracted in step, and restores the second data string based on the detection result; A parallel-serial converter that recovers the original transmission data by parallel-serial converting the first and second data strings restored by the demodulator and the second data string restorer.

  As described above, the above-described receiving apparatus realizes visible light communication using a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light of different colors. In addition, the above receiving apparatus performs FFT processing on the reception signals of each color, and extracts a carrier signal included in the transmission signal of each color. Therefore, it is possible to detect to which light emitting element (color) each carrier signal is assigned based on the output result of the FFT processing executed for each color. Therefore, the receiving apparatus restores the second data string based on the output result of the FFT process performed on the reception signals of the respective colors. In addition, the receiving device restores the first data string from each carrier signal. Further, the original transmission data is restored from the first and second data strings restored in this way. In this way, a larger amount of data is transmitted for the second data string. As a result, the transmission speed can be improved as compared with the WDM system.

  The carrier allocating unit has an input terminal to which each carrier signal is input, and a plurality of output terminals corresponding to the plurality of light emitting elements, respectively, and outputs an output destination of each carrier signal input to the input terminal. N switches that switch to any one of the output terminals, a switch control unit that controls each switch based on the second data string, and controls an output destination of a carrier signal input to each switch; About N switches, you may be comprised with the said light emitting element which adds the carrier signal output from the output terminal corresponding to the said said light emitting element, and the same number of addition parts. Furthermore, the carrier allocation unit may be configured to execute the allocation process of each carrier signal so that one carrier signal is not allocated to the plurality of light emitting elements. With such a configuration, transmission signals including carrier signals of the same carrier frequency are not assigned to different colors, and it is possible to avoid the influence of intercolor interference.

  In addition, the second data string restoration unit is configured to determine whether each of the N carrier signals is included in the reception signal of each color based on a determination result by the signal determination unit. A data restoration unit that detects a combination of each color and each carrier signal and restores the second data string from the combination.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a transmission apparatus having a plurality of light emitting elements that emit light of different colors performs serial-parallel conversion of transmission data by the number of carriers ( (N) first-to-parallel conversion step for outputting the first data string and the second data string, and the N first data strings output in the serial-to-parallel conversion step are each modulated with a predetermined multi-value number. A modulation step for generating N modulation signals, and a sine wave signal multiplication step for multiplying the N modulation signals generated in the modulation step by N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other; Allocating N carrier signals generated by the multiplication process of the sine wave signal multiplying step to the plurality of light emitting elements based on the second data string, and the same light emitting element in the assigning step The transmission signals corresponding to the signal amplitudes of the transmission signals generated in the steps of adding the assigned carrier signals and generating the transmission signals for the number of the light emitting elements and generating the transmission signals And a light emission control step of causing a light emitting element corresponding to the signal to emit light.

  Further, in the above signal transmission method, a receiving device having a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light of different colors and output a reception signal of each color, the reception signal output from each of the light receiving elements, An FFT step for extracting the modulation signal for each color by performing FFT processing using N sine wave signals, and a demodulation for demodulating the modulation signal extracted in the FFT step to restore the first data sequence And a correspondence relationship between each carrier signal and each color light emitting element is detected based on the modulation signal extracted in the FFT step, and the second data string is restored based on the detection result. 2 data string restoration step, and parallel serial for restoring the original transmission data by parallel-serial conversion of the first and second data strings restored in the demodulation step and the second data string restoration step And a conversion step, is included.

  As described above, the above transmission device realizes visible light communication using a plurality of light emitting elements that emit light of different colors. The transmission apparatus modulates transmission data into a plurality of carrier signals and transmits the data, and assigns and transmits a second data string to the correspondence between each carrier signal and each color (each light emitting element). Therefore, it is possible to transmit more data than the normal WDM system by the amount of the second data string, and an effect of improving the transmission speed can be obtained. Furthermore, since the first data sequence is assigned to the orthogonal carrier frequencies and transmitted, excellent communication performance specific to the OFDM scheme can be obtained. In particular, from the orthogonality of the carrier frequency, the influence of inter-color interference, which is a problem in the normal WDM system, is removed, and the transmission quality can be greatly improved as compared with the normal WDM system. Further, the above-described receiving apparatus realizes visible light communication using a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light of different colors. Further, the receiving apparatus performs an FFT process on the reception signal of each color, and extracts a carrier signal included in the transmission signal of each color. Therefore, it is possible to detect to which light emitting element (color) each carrier signal is assigned based on the output result of the FFT processing executed for each color. Therefore, the receiving apparatus restores the second data string based on the output result of the FFT process performed on the reception signals of the respective colors. In addition, the receiving device restores the first data string from each carrier signal. Further, the original transmission data is restored from the first and second data strings restored in this way. In this way, a larger amount of data is transmitted for the second data string. As a result, the transmission speed can be improved as compared with the WDM system.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the communication quality obtained by the OFDM system without imposing performance requirements on a large dynamic range with respect to the light emitting means, and at the same multiplexing number, more data can be obtained. Can be transmitted.

It is explanatory drawing by which an example of the system configuration | structure of the WDM system visible light communication system was shown. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the system configuration | structure of the visible light communication system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the detailed function structure of the transmitter which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing by which an example of the carrier allocation method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention was shown. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the detailed function structure of the signal detection part which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the effect acquired by applying the technique which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in this specification and drawing, about the component which has the substantially same function structure, duplication description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol.

[About the flow of explanation]
Here, the flow of explanation regarding the embodiment of the present invention described below will be briefly described. First, the configuration of the visible light communication system LS1 adopting the WDM (Wave Length Multiplex) system will be described with reference to FIG. 1, and problems with the WDM system will be described. Among these, the problems to be solved by the embodiment will be briefly summarized. Next, the configuration of the visible light communication system LS2 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Next, effects obtained by applying the technique of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

[Organization of issues]
First, prior to a detailed description of a technique according to an embodiment of the present invention, problems to be solved by the embodiment will be briefly summarized.

  Conventionally, a visible light communication system using an LED as a light source includes a system that emits white light using a white LED and a plurality of LEDs that emit different colors (for example, red R, green G, and blue B). There are systems that emit white light by combining the three primary colors. As a characteristic of the LED, the RGB light emitting LED has a faster response speed during light modulation than the white LED. Further, in a system using a plurality of LEDs, it is possible to transmit data at high speed by modulating individual LEDs with different data and combining RBG emission. As described above, a method of transmitting different data using a plurality of LEDs having different colors may be referred to as a color multiplexing method or a wavelength multiplexing method (WDM). The WDM visible light communication technology is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-81703.

  Here, a configuration of the visible light communication system LS1 adopting the WDM method will be briefly described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of a visible light communication system LS1 employing the WDM method.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an S / P converter 12, a plurality of driver circuits 14, and a plurality of light emitting elements 16 are provided on the transmission side of the visible light communication system LS1. However, the plurality of light emitting elements 16 emit light of different colors C1 to Cn (optical frequencies). A plurality of light receiving elements 18, a plurality of demodulation units 20, and a P / S conversion unit 22 are provided on the reception side of the visible light communication system LS1. However, the plurality of light receiving elements 18 receive light of different colors C1 to Cn (optical frequencies). For example, as the light emitting element 16, an LED that emits light of each color is used. The light receiving element 18 is a PD provided with a color filter that transmits each color.

  In the visible light communication system LS <b> 1, first, transmission data is serial-parallel converted by the S / P converter 12, and parallel data is generated by the number n of the light emitting elements 16. That is, parallel data assigned to each color C1 to Cn is generated. Each parallel data is input to the driver circuit 14. The driver circuit 14 causes the light emitting element 16 to emit light with the light emission intensity corresponding to the input parallel data. The light emitted from the light emitting elements 16 of the respective colors C1 to Cn is received by the light receiving elements 18 of the respective colors C1 to Cn. When light of a corresponding color is received by each light receiving element 18, a signal corresponding to the received light intensity of that color is output from the light receiving element 18. The signal output from each light receiving element 18 is demodulated by the demodulator 20 and restored to the original transmission data by the P / S converter 22.

  In the visible light communication system LS1 employing the WDM method, transmission quality is deteriorated for the following reason. Causes of transmission quality deterioration include, for example, (1) attenuation of light intensity in the optical transmission path, (2) generation of noise due to disturbance light, (3) variation in signal intensity between colors, and (4) signal between colors. Interference. However, the cause of (3) occurs due to the light emission intensity characteristic of the light emitting element 16 and the light sensitivity characteristic of the light receiving element 18. Further, the cause of (4) occurs due to the frequency characteristics of the light emitting element 16 and the light receiving element 18. Among these causes of deterioration, in the WDM system, transmission quality is greatly deteriorated due to the cause (4). In particular, if the number of colors is increased to increase the number of multiplexing to obtain the effect of improving the transmission speed, the deterioration of transmission quality due to the cause of (4) becomes a big problem. The reason is that when the number of multiplexing is increased, the frequencies of the respective colors are close to each other and inter-color interference increases. Therefore, in order to further improve the transmission speed, it is required to remove the influence of inter-color interference and to transmit more data with the same multiplexing number.

<Embodiment>
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. The present embodiment solves the problem of the visible light communication system LS1 and enables more data to be transmitted with the same multiplexing number while removing the influence of inter-color interference.

[Configuration of Visible Light Communication System LS2]
First, the configuration of the visible light communication system LS2 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of the visible light communication system LS2 according to the present embodiment. However, in the example of FIG. 2, for convenience of explanation, the number of carriers, the number of light emitting elements 112, and the number of light receiving elements 202 are assumed to be three. Of course, the technique according to the present embodiment is also applicable to the case where the number of carriers, the number of light emitting elements 112, and the number of light receiving elements 202 are three or more.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the visible light communication system LS2 includes a transmission device 100 and a reception device 200. The transmission apparatus 100 includes an S / P conversion unit 102, a modulation unit 104, a multiplier 106, a carrier allocation unit 108, a driver circuit 110, and a plurality of light emitting elements 112. On the other hand, the receiving apparatus 200 includes a plurality of light receiving elements 202, an FFT unit 204, a signal detection unit 206, a demodulation unit 208, and a P / S conversion unit 212. However, the FFT unit 204 includes a multiplier 232 and an integration circuit 234. In the example of FIG. 2, the detailed configuration of each FFT unit 204 to which the output signal of the light receiving element 202 (PD (Cg), PD (Cb)) is input is omitted. However, all of the FFT units 204 have substantially the same configuration.

  First, the transmission data d is serial-parallel converted by the S / P converter 102. The S / P converter 102 outputs (number of carriers + 1) data strings. A data string corresponding to each carrier output from the S / P conversion unit 102 is input to the modulation unit 104 and modulated by a predetermined multi-value number (for example, binary). Then, a modulation signal is output from the modulation unit 104. On the other hand, the remaining one data string is input to the carrier allocation unit 108 as a control data string Sc for carrier allocation. The modulated signal for each carrier output from the modulation unit 104 is input to the multiplier 106. Multiplier 106 multiplies the modulated signal by a carrier sine wave signal corresponding to each carrier frequency f1, f2, and f3. However, the three carrier sine wave signals corresponding to the carrier frequencies f1, f2, and f3 are orthogonal to each other in the OFDM method.

  Modulated signals (hereinafter, carrier signals; S1, S2, S3) multiplied by the carrier sine wave signal by multiplier 106 are input to carrier allocation section 108. The carrier assignment unit 108 determines which carrier is assigned to which color, and generates a signal used for light emission control of each color. However, this allocation method is determined by the carrier allocation control data string Sc input from the S / P converter 102. A detailed configuration of the carrier allocation unit 108 will be described later. A signal assigned to each color by the carrier assignment unit 108 (hereinafter, color assignment signal) is input to the driver circuit 110 corresponding to each color. When the color assignment signal is input, the driver circuit 110 controls the amount of current supplied to the light emitting element 112 based on the input color assignment signal, and emits each light with a light emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of the color assignment signal. The element 112 is caused to emit light.

  For example, the color assignment signal Sr assigned to red R (light frequency Cr) is input to the driver circuit 110 (Dr) for driving the light emitting element 112 (LED (Cr)) that emits red R light. . Then, the driver circuit 110 (Dr) causes the light emitting element 112 (LED (Cr)) to emit light with the light emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of the color assignment signal Sr. The same applies to the color assignment signals Sg and Sb assigned to green G (light frequency Cg) and blue B (light frequency Cb). Light emitted from each light emitting element 112 is received by each color light receiving element 202 of the receiving apparatus 200. As the light receiving element 202, for example, three PDs provided with color filters of respective colors are used. When light is received by each light receiving element 202, an electrical signal (hereinafter referred to as a reception signal) corresponding to the light intensity of each color is output from the light receiving element 202. The reception signals for each color output from the light receiving element 202 are input to the FFT unit 204 provided for each color. Each FFT unit 204 is means for performing FFT processing on each received signal to extract a carrier frequency component included in the color assignment signal of each color.

  Here, for convenience of explanation, only the FFT process performed on the reception signal output from the light receiving element 202 corresponding to red R will be described. First, the reception signal output from the light receiving element 202 (PD (Cr)) is input to the multiplier 232. Multiplier 232 multiplies the received signal by a carrier sine wave signal corresponding to each carrier frequency f1, f2, and f3. The reception signal multiplied by each carrier sine wave signal by the multiplier 232 is input to the integration circuit 234. In the integration circuit 234, an integration operation is performed on the output signal of the multiplier 232 in the integration interval up to the OFDM symbol length (T) on the time axis, and signal components corresponding to the carrier frequencies f1, f2, and f3, respectively. Is extracted. Each carrier frequency component extracted by the integration circuit 234 is input to the signal detection unit 206. For example, when the carrier signals S1 and S2 of the carrier frequencies f1 and f2 are assigned to the red color R, signal components (modulated signals) corresponding to the carrier signals S1 and S2 are input to the signal detection unit 206. For green G and blue B, substantially the same processing as that performed for red R is performed.

  As described above, the carrier component included in the color assignment signal of each color is separated by the FFT unit 204 of each color, and the carrier component of each color is input to the signal detection unit 206. Therefore, the signal detection unit 206 can detect which carrier signal is included in which color assignment signal. For example, by configuring the signal detection unit 206 as shown in FIG. 5, the types of carrier signals included in each color assignment signal based on a total of nine signals (corresponding to modulation signals) input from the three FFT units 204 Can be detected.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the signal detection unit 206 includes a signal selection unit 252 and a level determination unit 254. As described above, since three carrier components are input to the signal detection unit 206 from each FFT unit 204, a total of nine carrier components are input. These nine carrier components are input to the signal selection unit 252 and the level determination unit 254. In addition, a predetermined threshold value is input to the level determination unit 254. Therefore, the level determination unit 254 determines whether the signal amplitude of each carrier component exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

  For example, the predetermined threshold is set to a value that is higher than the noise level and lower than the signal amplitude of the carrier component including the information of the carrier signal. Then, when the signal amplitude of the carrier component is below a predetermined threshold, it is indicated that the carrier component does not include a carrier signal. Similarly, the above determination processing is executed for nine carrier components, and the presence / absence of a carrier signal is output to the subsequent combination detection unit 210 as 9-bit data. In addition, information on the carrier component determined by the level determination unit 254 that the carrier signal is present is input to the signal selection unit 252. Then, the signal selection unit 252 selects only the carrier component including the carrier signal information based on the information input from the level determination unit 254, and outputs the selected carrier component to each subsequent demodulation unit 208.

  The 9-bit data detected by the level determination unit 254 as described above indicates the correspondence between each color assignment signal and each carrier signal. Further, the carrier component selected by the signal selection unit 252 corresponds to the modulation signal of each carrier frequency f1, f2, and f3. Accordingly, the combination detection unit 210 receives information indicating the correspondence between the color assignment signal and the carrier signal. Each demodulator 208 receives a modulation signal corresponding to each carrier frequency f1, f2, and f3. Thus, the signal detection unit 206 detects the allocation method determined by the carrier allocation unit 108 of the transmission apparatus 100. This allocation method is determined based on the control data sequence Sc for carrier allocation. In other words, if this allocation method can be detected, the control data sequence Sc for carrier allocation can be detected based on the detection result.

  The combination detection unit 210 detects the control data sequence Sc for carrier allocation based on the correspondence between each color allocation signal input from the signal detection unit 206 and the carrier signal. The control data string Sc for carrier allocation detected by the combination detection unit 210 is input to the P / S conversion unit 212. On the other hand, each demodulator 208 demodulates the original parallel data by performing demodulation processing on the input modulated signal. The parallel data demodulated by each demodulator 208 is input to the P / S converter 212. Thereafter, the P / S converter 212 performs parallel-serial conversion on the parallel data input from each demodulator 208 and the carrier allocation control data input from the combination detector 210 to restore the transmission data d. In this way, by placing data in a combination that assigns each carrier to each color, it is possible to transmit more data even with the same number of colors (multiplicity).

  The configuration of the visible light communication system LS2 according to the present embodiment has been described above. As described above, in the present embodiment, the carrier signal corresponding to each carrier frequency is not added in the previous stage of the driver circuit 110, and each light emitting element 112 is caused to emit light with the light emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of each carrier signal. Therefore, the problem of PAPR increase in the OFDM method is alleviated, and the width of the dynamic range required for the driver circuit 110 and the light emitting element 112 of each color is suppressed to a low level. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect of improving the communication performance by the OFDM system using a small and inexpensive LED drive circuit and LED. In addition, since each parallel data is assigned to carrier sine wave signals orthogonal to each other, it is possible to eliminate the influence of inter-color interference. In addition, since data is transmitted in accordance with the carrier allocation method, it is possible to transmit data of the number of colors or more at the same time, and the transmission speed can be improved without increasing the number of multiplexing. As a result, the transmission speed in visible light communication can be dramatically improved.

(Detailed configuration of carrier allocation unit 108)
Here, the configuration of the carrier allocation unit 108 included in the transmission apparatus 100 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration example of the carrier allocation unit 108 and an example of a carrier allocation method.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the carrier allocation unit 108 includes three switches 132, 134, and 136, a switch control unit 138, and three adders 142, 144, and 146. The carrier signal S1 corresponding to the carrier frequency f1 is input from the multiplier 106 to the switch 132 (SW1). The carrier signal S2 corresponding to the carrier frequency f2 is input from the multiplier 106 to the switch 134 (SW2). The carrier signal S3 corresponding to the carrier frequency f3 is input from the multiplier 106 to the switch 136 (SW3). Further, the control data string Sc for carrier allocation is input to the switch control unit 138.

  Each of the switches 132, 134, 136 (SW1, SW2, SW3) is provided with three output terminals. For example, the switch 132 (SW1) outputs the carrier signal S1 input to the input terminal to one of the output terminals in accordance with the switching control by the switch control unit 138. The three output terminals respectively correspond to the light emitting elements 112 (LED (Cr), LED (Cg), and LED (Cb)) of each color. That is, the color assigned to the carrier signal S1 is determined by selecting the output terminal of the switch 132 (SW1). Similarly, the switch 134 (SW2) outputs the carrier signal S2 input to the input terminal to one of the output terminals in accordance with the switching control by the switch control unit 138. Further, the switch 136 (SW3) outputs the carrier signal S3 input to the input terminal to one of the output terminals in accordance with the switching control by the switch control unit 138.

  As described above, the output terminals of the switches 132, 134, and 136 (SW1, SW2, and SW3) correspond to the light-emitting elements 112 (LED (Cr), LED (Cg), and LED (Cb)) of the respective colors. . Therefore, signals output from output terminals corresponding to the same color are input to any one of the same adders 142, 144, and 146. For example, consider the output terminal corresponding to red R. The red R light emitting element 112 (LED (Cr)) is driven and controlled by the driver circuit 110 (Dr). Further, the driver circuit 110 (Dr) drives the light emitting element 112 (LED (Cr)) with the light emission intensity corresponding to the amplitude of the signal output from the adder 142. Thus, the adder 142 corresponds to red R. Similarly, the adder 144 corresponds to green G. Further, the adder 146 corresponds to blue B.

  Therefore, a signal is input to the adder 142 from the output terminal corresponding to the red color R of the switches 132, 134, and 136 (SW1, SW2, and SW3). Similarly, a signal is input to the adder 144 from an output terminal corresponding to green G of the switches 132, 134, and 136 (SW1, SW2, and SW3). Further, a signal is input to the adder 146 from the output terminal corresponding to the blue color B of the switches 132, 134, and 136 (SW1, SW2, and SW3). In the adders 142, 144, and 146, the input signals are added. The signals (color assignment signals) output from the adders 142, 144, and 146 are input to the driver circuit 110. The driver circuit 110 controls light emission of the light emitting element 112 with light emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of the input color assignment signal. The light emitting element 112 emits light of a corresponding color according to light emission control by the driver circuit 110.

  As described above, when the carrier signals S1, S2, and S3 are input to the carrier allocating unit 108, the switches 132, 134, and 136 receive the carrier signals S1, S2, and S3 for each color under the switching control of the switch control unit 138. Assign to. The carrier signals S1, S2, and S3 assigned to each color are added, and light of each color is emitted based on the color assignment signal generated by the addition process. The signal flow in the carrier allocation unit 108 is as described above. Next, an assignment method by the switch control unit 138 will be described.

  In the example of FIG. 3, three carrier signals S1, S2, and S3 are assigned to three colors (Cr, Cg, and Cb). Therefore, the number of combinations is 33 = 27. Therefore, the amount of data that can be transmitted by the assignment processing by the switch control unit 138 is calculated as in the following equation (1), and is 4.75 bits. That is, when the configuration of the carrier allocation unit 108 illustrated in FIG. 3 is adopted, it is possible to transmit 4.75 bits of data in addition to the amount of data transmitted by the carrier signals S1, S2, and S3.

…（１）

... (1)

  In the configuration exemplified in this embodiment, the number of carriers and the number of light emitting elements 112 (the number of colors) are limited to 3 for convenience of explanation. However, the configuration of the present embodiment can be expanded to any number of carriers and colors. For example, when the number of carriers is nf and the number of colors is nc, the data amount Ik that can be additionally transmitted by the above allocation method can be expressed by the following equation (2). Therefore, the data amount I that can be transmitted by the transmission device 100 according to the present embodiment is expressed by the following equation (3).

…（２）

…（３）

... (2)

... (3)

  In the equation, NB represents the number of bits per symbol of the modulated wave of each carrier. The coefficient (2 / (nf + 1)) represents a data compression rate obtained by dividing the band by increasing the number of carriers. By multiplying this coefficient, it becomes possible to directly compare the amount of data that can be transmitted in the WDM visible light communication system LS1. Note that the modulation scheme in the modulation unit 104 can be changed for each carrier, but here, the same modulation scheme is used for all carriers. Based on the above equation (3), the amount of data that can be transmitted by the WDM visible light communication system LS1 is compared with the amount of data that can be transmitted by the visible light communication system LS2 according to the present embodiment. Is shown in FIG.

  As described above, in the case of the WDM system, the number of bits per symbol is the amount of data that can be transmitted, but in the case of this embodiment, the symbol length changes according to the number of carriers. Therefore, in order to be equivalent to the symbol length of the WDM system, the amount of data that can be transmitted in the present embodiment is the amount of data multiplied by the above coefficient. Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the data amount according to the present embodiment exceeds the data amount of the WDM system regardless of the number of LEDs nc and the number of carriers nf. It can also be seen that even if the number of carriers nf increases, the amount of data that can be transmitted is very little reduced. Therefore, the multipath tolerance can be improved by increasing the OFDM symbol length without significantly reducing the amount of data that can be transmitted.

  Now, the description of the configuration of the carrier allocation unit 108 and the control method by the switch control unit 138 will be supplemented. As illustrated in FIG. 3, when the carrier signals S 1 and S 2 are input to the adder 142 and the carrier signal S 3 is input to the adder 146, light of each color is emitted from each light emitting element 112. A signal distribution included in each of these lights is schematically shown in FIG. 4A corresponds to the output of the light emitting element 112 (LED (Cr), (B) corresponds to the output of the light emitting element 112 (LED (Cg)), and (C) corresponds to the output of the light emitting element 112 (LED (Cb)). In the example of allocation in Fig. 3, signals of carrier frequencies f1 and f2 appear in the signal distribution of red R (Cr output), and the signal distribution of green G (Cg output). There is no signal, and a signal having a carrier frequency f3 appears in the signal distribution of blue B (Cg output).

  In this example, the Cr output is wider than the frequency spectrum of a single carrier signal. Therefore, the dynamic range required for the driver circuit 110 and the light emitting element 112 is widened compared to the case where a single carrier signal is emitted. However, the dynamic range can be suppressed to be lower than when light is emitted based on the signal amplitude of the OFDM signal obtained by adding all three carrier signals S1, S2, and S3. In the present embodiment, it is included in the object to reduce the performance requirement for the dynamic range imposed on each driver circuit 110 and each light emitting element 112. Therefore, it is preferable that the switch control unit 138 does not assign all the carrier signals S1, S2, and S3 to the same color when performing the color assignment processing of the carrier signals S1, S2, and S3.

  Furthermore, the carrier allocation unit 108 is configured so that the same carrier signals S1, S2, and S3 are not allocated to different colors. That is, the switches 132, 134, and 136 are configured so that carrier signals input from the input terminals are not output to the plurality of output terminals. When the same carrier signal is assigned to different colors, the orthogonality of the carrier frequency is lost between the colors. For this reason, transmission quality deteriorates due to the influence of inter-color interference. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the carrier allocation unit 108 is configured so that the same carrier signal is not allocated to different colors. By adopting such a configuration, it becomes possible to remove the influence of inter-color interference as described above by utilizing the characteristics of the OFDM scheme.

  As described above, the visible light communication system LS2 according to the present embodiment assigns each carrier signal component of an OFDM signal modulated with transmission information to a plurality of LEDs having different emission colors. At this time, in addition to information modulation of each carrier signal, information is also added to the combination of the carrier frequency and the LED wavelength when assigning the carrier signal to the LED. With such a configuration, the transmission speed is improved as compared with the WDM system, and the influence of inter-color interference, which is a problem in the WDM system, can be removed. As a result, the communication quality is improved, and the degree of freedom in the selection method and the number of installations for the LED and PD is improved. Further, since the amount of data that can be transmitted does not greatly decrease even if the number of carriers is increased, it is possible to increase the number of carriers and improve the multipath tolerance.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to the example which concerns. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Understood.

  In the above description, the LED has been described as an example of the light emitting means. However, as light emitting means, in addition to LEDs, for example, semiconductor light emitting elements such as LD and SLD, fluorescent lamps, cathode ray tube (CRT) display devices, plasma display (PDP) devices, organic electroluminescent (EL) display devices, A liquid crystal display (LCD) device or the like is used.

LS2 Visible Light Communication System 100 Transmitter 102 S / P Conversion Unit 104 Modulation Unit 106 Multiplier 108 Carrier Assignment Unit 110 Driver Circuit 112 Light Emitting Element 132 Switch 134 Switch 136 Switch 138 Switch Control Unit 142 Adder 144 Adder 146 Adder 200 Receiving device 202 Light receiving element 204 FFT unit 206 Signal detection unit 208 Demodulation unit 210 Combination detection unit 212 P / S conversion unit 232 Multiplier 234 Integration circuit 252 Signal selection unit 254 Level determination unit

Claims (10)

A transmission device that performs visible light communication,
A plurality of light emitting elements that emit light of different colors;
A serial-parallel converter that performs serial-parallel conversion of transmission data and outputs a first data string and a second data string corresponding to the number of carriers (N);
A modulation unit that modulates each of the N first data strings output from the serial-parallel conversion unit with a predetermined multi-value number to generate N modulation signals;
A sine wave signal multiplier for generating N carrier signals by multiplying N modulation signals generated by the modulator by N sine waves having orthogonal carrier frequencies, respectively;
The N carrier signals generated by the sine wave signal multiplication unit are assigned to the plurality of light emitting elements based on the second data string, and the carrier signals assigned to the same light emitting elements are added to add the carrier signals of the light emitting elements. A carrier allocating unit for generating a number of transmission signals;
A light emission control unit that emits light from a light emitting element corresponding to each transmission signal with a light emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of each transmission signal generated by the carrier allocation unit;
Including a transmitter. The carrier allocation unit
It has an input terminal to which each carrier signal is input and a plurality of output terminals respectively corresponding to the plurality of light emitting elements, and switches the output destination of each carrier signal input to the input terminal to any one of the output terminals. N switches,
A switch control unit that controls each switch based on the second data string and controls an output destination of a carrier signal input to each switch;
For the N switches, the same number of adders as the light emitting elements for adding the carrier signals output from the output terminals corresponding to the same light emitting elements,
The transmission device according to claim 1, comprising:   The transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carrier allocation unit performs an allocation process of each carrier signal so that one carrier signal is not allocated to the plurality of light emitting elements. A receiving device that performs visible light communication,
A plurality of light receiving elements that receive light of different colors and output a reception signal of each color;
FFT for extracting the modulation signals corresponding to the reception signals of the respective colors by subjecting the reception signals output from the light receiving elements to FFT processing using N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other. And
A demodulator that demodulates the modulated signal extracted by the FFT unit to restore the first data sequence;
Based on the modulation signal extracted by the FFT unit, a correspondence relationship between the carrier signal corresponding to the reception signal of each color and the light emitting element of each color is detected, and a second data string is detected based on the detection result. A second data string restoration unit for restoring
A parallel-serial converter that restores the original transmission data by parallel-serial converting the first and second data strings restored by the demodulator and the second data string restorer;
Including
The N is the number of carriers applied to the transmission data. The second data string restoration unit includes:
A signal determination unit that determines whether each of the N carrier signals is included in the reception signal of each color;
A data restoration unit for detecting a combination of each color and each carrier signal based on a determination result by the signal determination unit, and restoring the second data string from the combination;
The receiving device according to claim 4, comprising: A transmitter having a plurality of light emitting elements that perform visible light communication and emit light of different colors,
A serial-parallel conversion step for serially parallel-converting the transmission data and outputting a first data string and a second data string corresponding to the number of carriers (N);
A modulation step of generating N modulated signals by modulating the N first data strings output in the serial-parallel conversion step by a predetermined multi-valued number, respectively;
A sine wave signal multiplication step of multiplying N modulation signals generated in the modulation step by N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other;
A carrier allocating step of allocating N carrier signals generated in the multiplication process of the sine wave signal multiplying step to the plurality of light emitting elements based on the second data sequence;
Adding the carrier signals assigned to the same light emitting elements in the assigning step to generate transmission signals for the number of the light emitting elements; and
A light emission control step of causing a light emitting element corresponding to each transmission signal to emit light at a light emission intensity corresponding to the signal amplitude of each transmission signal generated in the step of generating the transmission signal;
Including a signal transmission method. The carrier allocation step includes
It has an input terminal to which each carrier signal is input and a plurality of output terminals respectively corresponding to the plurality of light emitting elements, and switches the output destination of each carrier signal input to the input terminal to any one of the output terminals. Controlling N switches based on the second data string, and controlling an output destination of a carrier signal input to each of the switches;
Adding the carrier signal output from the output terminal corresponding to the light emitting element for the N switches;
The signal transmission method according to claim 6, comprising:   The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein the carrier allocation step executes an allocation process of each carrier signal so that one carrier signal is not allocated to the plurality of light emitting elements. A receiver having a plurality of light receiving elements that perform visible light communication, receive light of different colors and output reception signals of each color,
FFT for extracting the modulation signals corresponding to the reception signals of the respective colors by subjecting the reception signals output from the light receiving elements to FFT processing using N sine wave signals having carrier frequencies orthogonal to each other. Steps,
A demodulation step of demodulating the modulation signal extracted in the FFT step to restore the first data sequence;
Based on the modulation signal extracted in the FFT step, the correspondence between each carrier signal corresponding to the reception signal of each color and the light emitting element of each color is detected, and the second data string is determined based on the detection result. A second data string restoring step to restore;
A parallel-serial conversion step of restoring the original transmission data by parallel-serial conversion of the first and second data strings restored in the demodulation step and the second data string restoration step;
Including
The signal reception method, wherein N is the number of carriers applied to the transmission data. The second data string restoration step includes:
A signal determination step for determining whether each of the N carrier signals is included in the received signal of each color;
A data restoration step of detecting a combination of each color and each carrier signal based on a determination result by the signal determination step, and restoring the second data string from the combination;
The signal receiving method according to claim 9, further comprising:

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