JP5414647B2 - Waterproof sheet for tunnel waterproof structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waterproof sheet used for a waterproof structure disposed on a primary lining surface of a tunnel excavated mainly by a NATM method.

  When constructing a tunnel, it is desirable that the completed tunnel should be sufficiently waterproof as well as robust. The reason for this is that, especially in tunnels in cold regions, if water is not waterproof, the water that oozes out in the tunnel will freeze and become icicles and droop into the tunnel, causing accidents, and the tunnel itself will freeze. This is because distortion occurs, and this distortion remains after thawing and may be damaged over a long period of time.

  Conventionally, many proposals have been made for waterproof sheets used for waterproof structures installed on primary lining surfaces formed in the ground of tunnels excavated in an arch shape by the NATM method. As an example, there is a waterproof sheet having a structure shown in a sectional view in FIG. The waterproof sheet 10 in FIG. 5 has a waterproof sheet material 12 made of EVA resin or the like wider than the nonwoven fabric 11 on the surface of an appropriately wide nonwoven fabric 11 that acts as a water-permeable layer. 5, the left and right side portions 11 a and 11 b of the nonwoven fabric 11 shown in FIG. 5 and the center mounting fins 14 provided at the substantially central portion of the back surface are used as mounting portions. By fixing to the primary lining surface, the waterproof sheet 10 is fixed to the primary lining surface.

  However, the fixing locations to the primary lining layer by the concrete nails 5 are limited to the left and right side portions 11a and 11b of the nonwoven fabric 11 and the center mounting fins 14 in the substantially central portion. When facing a support work or the like provided on the construction layer, the concrete nail 5 cannot be driven, and the waterproof sheet 10 to the primary lining layer may not be fixed at a place where it is desired to be fixed.

  In view of this point, a waterproof sheet in which a non-woven fabric (water-permeable layer) is fixed to a primary lining layer by nail fastening or the like, and then a waterproof sheet material is fixed to the non-woven fabric (water-permeable layer) is disclosed in Patent Document 1. It was proposed by Y. In the proposed waterproof sheet, the waterproof sheet material is fixed to the nonwoven fabric (water-permeable layer) by providing a male member of the hook-and-loop fastener on the back surface of the waterproof sheet material and facing the non-woven fabric (water-permeable layer). The waterproof sheet material is pressed against the nonwoven fabric, and the hook-and-loop fastener is engaged with the nonwoven fabric (water-permeable layer). With this structure, the nail position of the non-woven fabric (water-permeable layer) can be selected at any position avoiding the primary construction support work, etc., so that the waterproof sheet can be installed at the fixed position as designed.

Japanese Patent No. 2729986 Japanese Patent No. 4207068

  The waterproof sheet that is attached to the water-permeable layer by the nonwoven fabric by the surface fastener male member provided on the back surface of the waterproof sheet material is that in which the male members of the surface fastener are scattered in the waterproof sheet material. Is provided. Moreover, in patent document 2, the male member of a hook-and-loop fastener is provided in the back surface of a strip | belt-shaped waterproof sheet material so that it may become a linear form along the longitudinal direction of the said waterproof sheet material. However, in the waterproof sheet provided so that the male members of the hook-and-loop fastener are scattered on the back surface of the waterproof sheet material, against the nonwoven fabric (water flow layer) stuck on the uneven surface where the primary lining surface is uneven Further, since the surface fastener male members are scattered, there is a surface in which the sheet material cannot be fixed completely and the fixing force is insufficient. On the other hand, in the sheet material having a structure in which the surface fastener male members are provided linearly along the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet material, that is, the arch direction, the waterproof sheet material is difficult to bend along the tunnel arch direction. Not only is it difficult to engage the non-woven fabric attached along the arch direction, but also the male fasteners are attached to the non-land surface (water-permeable layer) fixed to the uneven surface of the primary lining surface. When the part which is not performed arises, the part will float from the nonwoven fabric which is a water-permeable layer, and the fixing force of the waterproof sheet with respect to a water-permeable layer may become inadequate as a whole.

  Therefore, the present invention is easy to work even with a water-permeable layer made of uneven nonwoven fabric and the like fixed along the unevenness of the primary lining surface, and the waterproof sheet material with sufficient fixing strength is used for the water-permeable layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waterproof sheet for a tunnel that can be fixed to a wall.

The structure of the waterproof sheet of the present invention for the waterproof structure of a tunnel made for the purpose of solving the above problems is provided on the inner surface of a natural ground or an inner surface of a primary lining of a tunnel excavated in an arch shape. By a water-permeable layer made of nonwoven fabric, woven fabric or net fixed to cover the inner surface or the inner surface of the primary lining, and a waterproof sheet material fixed to the water-permeable layer so as to cover the water-permeable layer A waterproof sheet used for a waterproof structure of a tunnel provided with a waterproof layer, wherein a male member of a hook-and-loop fastener that fixes the waterproof sheet material to the water-permeable layer is arranged in a row of the male member along the depth direction of the tunnel. And a plurality of rows of male members of the hook-and-loop fastener are provided with a plurality of rows of male members of the surface fastener and a wire rod. Shaped face fastener male part Wherein the of the column were arranged alternately.
Here, the interspersed shape means that an assembly of male members of the planar fastener is appropriately arranged in a scattered manner in a planar shape with respect to the back surface of the waterproof sheet material, It means that the assembly of the male members is arranged so as to form a linear shape with an appropriate length. The same applies hereinafter.

  In the present invention, there are a plurality of male members of the hook-and-loop fastener for fixing the waterproof sheet material to the water layer, with a space along the depth direction of the tunnel, on the back surface of the sheet material in a dotted shape and a line shape. By being provided in a row, the waterproof sheet material can be fixed to the water-permeable layer substantially uniformly on the entire surface of the waterproof sheet regardless of the presence or absence of the uneven surface of the water-permeable layer. In addition, the male members of the hook-and-loop fastener are provided in a plurality of rows in the form of dots and lines at intervals in the depth direction of the tunnel, so that the waterproof sheet material can extend along the depth direction also in the arch direction of the tunnel. Even if the water-permeable layer is uneven due to unevenness of the primary lining surface, the waterproof sheet material can be fixed with sufficient anchoring strength.

  In particular, since the surface fastener male members are provided in the form of dots and lines, the bending flexibility of the belt-shaped waterproof sheet material is increased along the arch surface of the tunnel, so that the workability is good. Thus, the waterproof sheet material can be fixed to the water-permeable layer with sufficient fastening strength. Therefore, even if it is a water-permeable layer formed in the uneven surface along the unevenness of the primary lining surface, a waterproof sheet material can be fixed to the water-permeable layer with sufficient anchoring strength.

In the waterproof sheet according to the present invention, each row of the male members of the hook-and-loop fastener provided in the waterproof sheet material at intervals in the arch direction of the tunnel is waterproof when the waterproof sheet material is fixed to the inner surface of the tunnel. It can arrange | position with a space | interval between the male members which comprise each row | line so that the water on a sheet | seat material can be flowed out to the right-and-left end part side of the said waterproof sheet | seat material . Here, the male members of the surface fasteners to be scattered can be any surface shape such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon when the shape of the male member group is viewed from the plane, and is also arranged in a line. The surface fastener male member to be formed forms the male member into an elongated linear surface fastener male member.
In addition, as for the space | interval of the row | line | column of the hook-and-loop fastener male member arranged in a row, it is good to form the part of the both ends of the left and right sides of a waterproof sheet material wider than a center part . This is to favorably support the weight of the waterproof sheet material on the engaging portion on the ceiling side.

  In the present invention, since the arrangement of the male member of the hook-and-loop fastener provided on the waterproof sheet material to be attached to the water-permeable layer made of nonwoven fabric or the like has been devised, it is attached to the water-permeable layer previously fixed to the primary lining surface. Not only is it easy to perform the fixing work, but in this work, even if the water-permeable layer is unevenly formed along the uneven surface of the primary lining surface, the waterproof sheet material with sufficient anchoring strength is applied to the water-permeable layer. Can be fixed.

The schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the tunnel to which this invention waterproof sheet is applied. The top view which shows an example of the state which has arrange | positioned the hook-and-loop fastener male member to the waterproof sheet | seat material in this invention waterproof sheet in the shape of a dot and a line. In this embodiment, it is sectional drawing of the principal part for demonstrating the junction part of the two waterproof sheet | seat material side edges, (a) is a figure which shows the state which made the side edge of two waterproof sheets faced, (b) ) Is a view showing a state in which the side edges of two waterproof sheets are joined and the joined portion is bent to the side of one of the waterproof sheets. It is a top view of the principal part which shows the other example of the arrangement pattern of the surface fastener male member arrange | positioned in the waterproof sheet material in this invention waterproof sheet, (a) inclines the linear surface fastener male member in the same direction. The figure which shows the example which provided, (b) is a figure which shows the example which provided the linear surface fastener male member inclining alternately. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the waterproof sheet used for the conventional tunnel waterproof structure.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the waterproof sheet of the present invention used for a waterproof structure of a tunnel will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the waterproof structure of the tunnel in this embodiment is provided on the inner surface 3 a of the primary lining 3 such as sprayed concrete formed on the inner surface 2 a of the ground 2 of the excavated tunnel 1. The waterproof structure of the tunnel of the present embodiment is waterproofed by a water-permeable layer 4 made of nonwoven fabric fixed to the inner surface 3a of the primary lining 3 and a waterproof sheet material 6 covering the water-permeable layer 4 and fixed to this layer 4. And a male member 7 of a hook-and-loop fastener provided on the back surface of the waterproof sheet material 6 in order to fix the waterproof sheet material 6 to the water layer 4. In this embodiment, the case where the tunnel waterproof structure is provided on the inner surface 3a of the primary lining 3 will be described. However, the present invention provides the tunnel waterproof structure on the inner surface of the ground 2 of the excavated tunnel 1. Needless to say, it can be applied.

  The water-permeable layer 4 has water permeability and flexibility, and the waterproof member 6 is fixed to the male member of the hook-and-loop fastener 7, and is formed of a cushioning nonwoven fabric as an example. . As the water-permeable layer 4, a known material used for a waterproof structure of a tunnel, for example, a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a net, or the like made of a synthetic fiber such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, or nylon can be used. The water-permeable layer 4 is fixed to a predetermined portion on the inner surface 3a of the primary lining 3 with a fixing member such as a concrete nail 5 so as to cover the inner surface 3a. The thickness when the nonwoven fabric of the water-permeable layer 4 is used is preferably about 2 to 6 mm, but it is empirically desirable to have a thickness of about 5 mm near the entrance / exit of the tunnel and about 3 mm at other locations.

  The waterproof layer is formed by a waterproof sheet material 6 that covers the water-permeable layer 4. As the waterproof sheet material 6, for example, a sheet material formed of a polyolefin resin such as EVA resin or polyethylene is used. The thickness of the waterproof sheet 6 is preferably about 0.6 to 2.0 mm in consideration of workability during construction, prevention of tearing during work, and ease of bending. In practice, about 0.8 mm is sufficient.

  Here, the waterproof sheet material 6 in FIG. 2 is formed in a belt shape having a length corresponding to the length in the arch direction (also referred to as a circumferential direction) of the tunnel 1 to be installed. The length of the waterproof sheet material 6 can be arbitrarily set by the tunnel 1 in which the sheet material 6 is installed. In this way, the waterproof sheet material 6 is formed in a band shape having a length corresponding to the length in the arch direction of the tunnel 1 in which the sheet material 6 is installed, so that one waterproof sheet material 6 is used to form the arch of the tunnel 1. A waterproof structure having a full length in the direction can be formed. In addition, the shape of the waterproof sheet material 6 is not limited to a strip shape.

  Both edge portions of the waterproof sheet material 6 in the left-right width direction function as joining margins 6a for joining with side edge portions of adjacent waterproof sheets 6 as schematically shown by dotted lines in FIGS. . That is, when the waterproof sheet material 6 is fixed to the primary lining surface 3a along the arch direction of the tunnel 1, the joining margin 6a of the side edge of the waterproof sheet material 6 fixed previously is welded (joined) and sequentially waterproofed. The sheet 6 is fixed to the water flow layer 4 installed under the sheet 6 and joined at the joining margin 6a to form a waterproof layer in an arch shape and extend in the depth direction of the tunnel 1.

  The left and right width of the waterproof sheet material 6 can be arbitrarily set depending on the mounting method of the waterproof sheet material 6 or the like. However, when mounting is performed manually, the width of the portion excluding the joining margin 6a, that is, actually The width that covers the water-permeable layer 4 is at most 4000 mm, specifically, a dimension of around 2000 mm is preferable. Incidentally, when the width of the part that actually covers the water-permeable layer 4 is 2000 mm and the left and right joining margins 6a are each formed with a width of 100 mm, the width of the waterproof sheet material 6 is 2200 mm. Moreover, when attaching the waterproof sheet material 6 by a machine, it is larger than the case of attaching manually, for example, the width that covers the water-permeable layer 4 may be about 5000 to 10000 mm. .

  The male member 7 of the hook-and-loop fastener is a member that is attached so as to be entangled with the fibers forming the water-permeable layer 4 and that fixes the waterproof sheet material 6 to the water-permeable layer 4. As an example of the male member 7 of the hook-and-loop fastener, a flat plate-like base portion fixed to the waterproof sheet material 6 and a large number of protrusions provided on the upper surface side of the base portion, the tip is formed in a hook shape or a hook shape. A thing provided with a locking projection is used. As long as the locking projection is engaged with the water-permeable layer 4, the shape of the tip is not limited to the hook shape or the hook shape, and may be a hook shape or other shapes. The base portion of the hook and loop fastener 7 is fixed to the waterproof sheet material 6 in such a manner that the waterproof sheet material 6 is not perforated, such as an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

Next, the example of the installation mode of the male member of the hook and loop fastener 7 is demonstrated. The male member of the hook and loop fastener is for fixing the waterproof sheet material 6 to the water layer 4. In the present invention, the male member is formed in a row of the male member along the depth direction of the tunnel 1 , and the male member A plurality of member rows are provided at intervals in the arch direction of the tunnel 1. The male members 7 of the plurality of rows of surface fasteners are formed by dotted surface fastener male members 7a and line-shaped surface fastener male members 7b. The dotted surface fastener male member 7a has a planar shape formed by, for example, one shape selected from a circle, an ellipse, a polygon such as a triangle or a quadrangle, or a combination of two or more shapes. Can be used. The line-shaped surface fastener male member 7b is a member in which the male member is formed in an elongated linear shape.

  The male member 7 of the hook-and-loop fastener arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 on the back surface of the waterproof sheet material 6 is arranged with dotted surface fasteners 7a, for example, as shown in FIG. A typical example is an arrangement in which interspersed rows and linear rows in which linear surface fastener male members 7b are arranged are alternately arranged. Further, the linear surface male male member 7b may be parallel (see FIG. 2) or inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 (the width direction of the waterproof sheet material 6). When the linear surface fastener male member 7b is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 (the width direction of the waterproof sheet material 6), as illustrated in FIG. 4A, the linear fastener male member 7b may be inclined in the same direction. However, as illustrated in FIG. 4B, it may be inclined so as to be staggered.

The arrangement | positioning space | interval of the said surface fastener male member 7 is not restricted to the space | interval illustrated in FIG. 2, FIG. 4, It is arbitrary if the waterproof sheet material 6 can fully be fixed to the water layer 4. FIG. In addition, the interval between the rows of the plurality of male fasteners 7 is such that the load applied when the male member 7 of the fastener is engaged with the water-permeable layer 4 on the ceiling side and both side walls of the tunnel 1 Since the side is large, the distance between the side wall portions of the tunnel 1 can be made wider than the distance on the ceiling side. That is, the space | interval of the row | line | column of the several surface fastener male member 7 can form the part of the right-and-left both-ends side of the waterproof sheet material 6 wider than a center part.

  Next, the construction of the waterproof structure of the tunnel using the waterproof sheet of the present invention configured as described above will be outlined. For example, a non-woven water-permeable layer 4 is fixed by concrete nails 5 to cover the inner surface 3a on the inner surface 3a of the primary lining 3 formed by sprayed concrete or the like formed on the ground 2 of the tunnel 1 excavated by the NATM method or the like. . One waterproof sheet material 6 in which the male member 7 of the hook-and-loop fastener is opposed to the water-permeable layer 4 is pressed from the surface side of the sheet material 6 and pressed against the water-permeable layer 4. By this pressing, the locking projections of the hook-and-loop fastener 7 are engaged with the water-permeable layer 4, so that the waterproof sheet material 6 is laid out on the temporary lining surface along the arch direction of the tunnel 1.

  The fixing of the waterproof sheet material 6 to the water-permeable layer 4 is performed by first pressing the central portion of the waterproof sheet material 6 against the water-permeable layer located at the ceiling portion of the tunnel 1, and continuing to the center of the waterproof sheet material 6. This is done by moving the part that is gradually pressed from the part toward the left and right ends. Thereby, even if the water-permeable layer disposed along the inner surface 3a of the primary lining 3 has an uneven surface, the surface of the waterproof sheet material 6 is well adapted to the uneven surface. Thus, the waterproof sheet material 6 can be fixedly secured to the water flow layer 4 by the surface fastener 7. Here, if a transparent or semi-transparent sheet is used as the waterproof sheet material 6, the engagement state between the male member 7 of the hook-and-loop fastener and the water-permeable layer can be confirmed from the surface thereof. Can be fixed easily and reliably.

In the present invention, the waterproof sheet material 6 can be easily bent along the arch direction of the tunnel 1 because the surface fasteners 7 are provided in a plurality of rows at intervals in the arch direction of the tunnel 1 on the waterproof sheet material 6. Therefore, even if the water-permeable layer 4 has an uneven surface formed along the unevenness of the primary lining 3 of the tunnel 1, the waterproof structure along the primary lining inner surface 3 a is formed by being familiar with the unevenness. be able to.

  Further, in the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the male member 7 of the hook-and-loop fastener has an uneven surface because the rows of the dotted surface fastener male members 7a and the rows of the line-shaped hook-and-loop male members 7b are alternately arranged. Even if the water-permeable layer 4 has a sufficient thickness, it is possible to form a waterproof structure in which the waterproof sheet material 6 and the water-permeable layer 4 are laminated and fixed with sufficient strength on the inner surface 3a of the primary lining by being well adapted to the unevenness. it can.

  As described above, the joining margin 6a of the fixed waterproof sheet material 6 to the water-permeable layer 4 of the waterproof sheet material 6 is sequentially joined to the ground mountain 2 so as to extend in an arch shape in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1. Since the waterproof layer structure can be formed on the temporary lining surface, by placing secondary concrete on the waterproof structure to form the secondary lining 8 (see FIG. 1), as an example, NATM Tunnel 1 is constructed by the construction method.

As described above, if the waterproof sheet of the present invention is used for the waterproof structure of the tunnel, the surface fastener male members 7 that are scattered and lined on the waterproof sheet material 6 are spaced along the arch direction of the tunnel 1. provided a plurality of rows Te, since this was the fastening means with the water passage layer, it is easy to bend in the arch direction of the tarpaulin material 6, hence, the fixing of the water flow layer 4 of the waterproof sheet material 6 The entire surface of the waterproof sheet 6 can be made substantially uniform. Even if it is the water-permeable layer 4 in which the uneven surface was formed along the unevenness of the primary lining 3 by this characteristic, the waterproof sheet material 6 has sufficient strength to the water-permeable layer 4 by being well adapted to the unevenness. It can be fixed with. As described above, when the waterproof sheet of the present invention is used, it becomes possible to easily construct a highly reliable and durable tunnel waterproof structure. Therefore, the waterproof sheet of the present invention includes various tunnel waterproof structures and their construction. Can be used effectively.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel 2 Ground mountain 2a Inner surface 3 Primary lining 3a Inner surface 4 Water flow layer 5 Concrete nail 6 Waterproof sheet material 7 Surface fastener 8 Secondary lining

Claims (4)

By a non-woven fabric, woven fabric or net provided on the inner surface of a natural ground or primary lining of a tunnel excavated in an arch shape and fixed to the inner surface of the natural ground or the inner surface of the primary lining so as to cover the inner surface A waterproof sheet used for a waterproof structure of a tunnel comprising a water-permeable layer and a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet material fixed to the water-permeable layer so as to cover the water-permeable layer,
A male member of a hook-and-loop fastener that fixes the waterproof sheet material to the water-permeable layer is formed in a row of the male member along the depth direction of the tunnel , and the row of the male member is in the arch direction of the tunnel. a plurality provided at intervals, a plurality of rows of the male member of the surface fastener, and characterized in that a and columns dotted like surface fastener male member columns and wire-shaped surface fastener male member alternately Waterproof sheet used for waterproof structure of tunnel. Each row of the male members of the hook-and-loop fastener provided in the waterproof sheet material at intervals in the arch direction of the tunnel, when the waterproof sheet material is fixed to the inner surface of the tunnel , The waterproof sheet used for the waterproof structure of the tunnel according to claim 1 , wherein the waterproof sheet is arranged with a space between male members constituting each row so that the waterproof sheet material can flow out to the left and right end portions. . The dotted surface fastener male member is formed in at least one of a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a polygonal shape when viewed from above, and the lined surface fastener male member is formed in an elongated linear shape. A waterproof sheet used for the waterproof structure of a tunnel according to 1 or 2 . The waterproofing used for the waterproof structure of the tunnel of any one of Claims 1-3 which formed the space | interval of the row | line | column of a hook_and_loop | surface fastener male member wider than the center part in the part of the both ends of the said waterproof sheet material. Sheet.

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