JP5411532B2 - Method for reducing liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and gallium composition having reduced liquid state holding temperature - Google Patents
Method for reducing liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and gallium composition having reduced liquid state holding temperature Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5411532B2 JP5411532B2 JP2009054345A JP2009054345A JP5411532B2 JP 5411532 B2 JP5411532 B2 JP 5411532B2 JP 2009054345 A JP2009054345 A JP 2009054345A JP 2009054345 A JP2009054345 A JP 2009054345A JP 5411532 B2 JP5411532 B2 JP 5411532B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gallium
- liquid
- liquid state
- fine particles
- holding temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Description
本発明は、液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度の低下方法および液体状態保持温度を低下したガリウム組成物に関し、特に、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させる方法および室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するガリウム組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for lowering the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and a gallium composition having a lowered liquid state holding temperature, and in particular, the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium so as to hold the liquid state at a temperature below room temperature for a long time. And a gallium composition that maintains a liquid state for a long time at a temperature below room temperature.
従来、室温以下の温度で液体状態である液体金属として、水銀、アルカリ金属合金、ガリウム合金などが知られている。このような液体金属のうち、水銀やアルカリ金属合金は、電気伝導性および熱伝導性の良好な低融点の液体金属であり、様々なスイッチやセンサなどの導電性液体として使用されている。一方、ガリウム合金は、水銀やアルカリ金属合金と異なり、毒性や空気との反応性が低いため、さらに低い融点のガリウム合金を発見することにより、水銀やアルカリ金属合金の代替物として使用されることが期待されている。 Conventionally, mercury, alkali metal alloys, gallium alloys, and the like are known as liquid metals that are in a liquid state at a temperature of room temperature or lower. Among such liquid metals, mercury and alkali metal alloys are low melting point liquid metals having good electrical and thermal conductivity, and are used as conductive liquids for various switches and sensors. On the other hand, gallium alloys, unlike mercury and alkali metal alloys, have low toxicity and low reactivity with air. Therefore, gallium alloys should be used as a substitute for mercury and alkali metal alloys by discovering gallium alloys with lower melting points. Is expected.
このように水銀やアルカリ金属合金の代替物として使用可能なガリウム合金として、ガリウム−インジウム−錫−亜鉛合金（Ｇａ−Ｉｎ−Ｓｎ−Ｚｎ合金）に銀（Ａｇ）やアルミニウム（Ａｌ）を添加した合金（例えば、特許文献１参照）、Ｇａ−Ｉｎ−Ｓｎ合金にＡｇを添加した合金（例えば、特許文献２参照）、Ｇａ−Ｉｎ−Ｓｎ合金にＡｇやビスマス（Ｂｉ）を添加した合金（例えば、特許文献３参照）、Ｇａ−Ｉｎ合金にＺｎや銅（Ｃｕ）を添加した合金（例えば、特許文献４参照）などの様々なガリウム合金が提案されている。 Thus, as a gallium alloy that can be used as a substitute for mercury or an alkali metal alloy, silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al) is added to a gallium-indium-tin-zinc alloy (Ga-In-Sn-Zn alloy). Alloys (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), alloys in which Ag is added to a Ga—In—Sn alloy (for example, refer to Patent Document 2), alloys in which Ag or bismuth (Bi) is added to a Ga—In—Sn alloy (for example, In addition, various gallium alloys such as an alloy in which Zn or copper (Cu) is added to a Ga—In alloy (see, for example, Patent Document 4) have been proposed.
これらの特許文献１〜４において提案されたガリウム合金は、いずれも２０〜３０質量％のインジウムを含む合金であり、その他にガリウムに可溶な金属を添加することによって、室温以下の温度で液体状態を保持することができるようにしている。しかし、ガリウム以外の金属を多量に添加することなく、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させる方法は知られていない。 These gallium alloys proposed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are all alloys containing 20 to 30% by mass of indium, and by adding a metal soluble in gallium to the liquid at a temperature below room temperature. The state can be maintained. However, there is no known method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium so as to hold the liquid state for a long time at a temperature below room temperature without adding a large amount of metal other than gallium.
ガリウムは、融点が２９．７℃、沸点が２２０４．０℃、固体密度が５．９１ｇ／ｃｍ３、液体密度が６．０９ｇ／ｃｍ３であり、広い温度範囲で液体状態を保持し、電気伝導率が高く、蒸気圧が低く、液体状態で水銀と同程度の流動特性を有するため、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させることができれば、水銀やアルカリ金属合金の代替物として使用することができるだけでなく、様々な用途に使用することが期待される。 Gallium has a melting point of 29.7 ° C., a boiling point of 2204.0 ° C., a solid density of 5.91 g / cm 3 , and a liquid density of 6.09 g / cm 3 , and maintains a liquid state in a wide temperature range. Because of its high conductivity, low vapor pressure, and flow characteristics similar to mercury in the liquid state, the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium can be lowered so as to hold the liquid state for a long time at a temperature below room temperature. If possible, it can be used as a substitute for mercury or an alkali metal alloy, and is expected to be used in various applications.
したがって、本発明は、ガリウム以外の金属を多量に添加することなく、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させる方法および室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するガリウム組成物を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium so as to hold the liquid state at a temperature below room temperature for a long time without adding a large amount of metal other than gallium and the liquid at a temperature below room temperature. An object of the present invention is to provide a gallium composition that maintains the state for a long time.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、液体ガリウムにシリカ微粒子を添加することにより、ガリウム以外の金属を多量に添加することなく、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させることができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have added a silica fine particle to liquid gallium, thereby prolonging the liquid state at a temperature below room temperature without adding a large amount of metal other than gallium. It has been found that the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium can be lowered so as to hold for a time, and the present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明による液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度の低下方法は、液体ガリウムにシリカ微粒子を添加することにより、液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させることを特徴とする。この液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度の低下方法において、シリカ微粒子を液体ガリウムに添加した後に分散させるのが好ましい。また、シリカ微粒子の平均粒径が１００ｎｍ以下であるのが好ましく、５０ｎｍ以下であるのがさらに好ましい。また、シリカ微粒子の添加量が０．１質量％以上であるのが好ましく、０．３〜２．０質量％であるのがさらに好ましい。 That is, the method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium according to the present invention is characterized in that the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium is reduced by adding silica fine particles to liquid gallium. In this method of reducing the liquid state retention temperature of liquid gallium, it is preferable to disperse the silica fine particles after adding them to the liquid gallium. The average particle size of the silica fine particles is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the addition amount of a silica fine particle is 0.1 mass% or more, and it is further more preferable that it is 0.3-2.0 mass%.
また、本発明によるガリウム組成物は、ガリウムと、このガリウムに添加されたシリカ微粒子とからなることを特徴とする。このガリウム組成物において、シリカ微粒子がガリウムに分散しているのが好ましい。また、シリカ微粒子の平均粒径が１００ｎｍ以下であるのが好ましく、５０ｎｍ以下であるのがさらに好ましい。また、シリカ微粒子の添加量が０．１質量％以上であるのが好ましく、０．３〜２．０質量％であるのがさらに好ましい。 The gallium composition according to the present invention is characterized by comprising gallium and silica fine particles added to the gallium. In this gallium composition, the silica fine particles are preferably dispersed in gallium. The average particle size of the silica fine particles is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the addition amount of a silica fine particle is 0.1 mass% or more, and it is further more preferable that it is 0.3-2.0 mass%.
本発明によれば、ガリウム以外の金属を多量に添加することなく、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させる方法および室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するガリウム組成物を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, without adding a large amount of metal other than gallium, a method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium so as to hold the liquid state at a temperature below room temperature for a long time and a liquid at a temperature below room temperature A gallium composition that maintains the state for a long time can be provided.
本発明による液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度の低下方法の実施の形態では、液体ガリウムに平均粒径が１００ｎｍ以下、好ましくは５０ｎｍ以下、さらに好ましくは１〜２０ｎｍ、最も好ましくは５〜１０ｎｍのシリカ微粒子（シリカのナノ粒子）を０．１質量％以上、好ましくは０．３〜２．０質量％、さらに好ましくは０．５〜１．５質量％、最も好ましくは０．５〜１．０質量％添加した後、超音波などによって分散させることにより、液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させて、液体ガリウムの液体状態を３〜４℃で１時間以上保持させることができる。また、このように３〜４℃で液体状態に保持された液体ガリウムを０．１℃／秒程度の冷却速度で冷却すると、液体ガリウムの液体状態を０℃付近でも保持させることができる。なお、このように液体ガリウムにシリカ微粒子を添加することによって液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させることができるのは、ガリウム粒子の表面でシリカ微粒子がブラウン運動を行って凝固を妨げているためであると考えられる。 In the embodiment of the method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium according to the present invention, silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 1 to 20 nm, most preferably 5 to 10 nm. (Silica nanoparticles) in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.3 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by mass, and most preferably 0.5 to 1.0% by mass. After the addition, the liquid gallium liquid state holding temperature is lowered by dispersing with ultrasonic waves or the like, and the liquid gallium liquid state can be held at 3 to 4 ° C. for 1 hour or longer. In addition, when the liquid gallium held in a liquid state at 3 to 4 ° C. is cooled at a cooling rate of about 0.1 ° C./second, the liquid state of the liquid gallium can be held even near 0 ° C. Note that the liquid state retention temperature of liquid gallium can be lowered by adding silica fine particles to liquid gallium in this way because the silica fine particles perform Brownian motion on the surface of the gallium particles to prevent solidification. It is thought that.
また、本発明によるガリウム組成物の実施の形態では、平均粒径が１００ｎｍ以下、好ましくは５０ｎｍ以下、さらに好ましくは１〜２０ｎｍ、最も好ましくは５〜１０ｎｍのシリカ微粒子が０．１質量％以上、好ましくは０．３〜２．０質量％、さらに好ましくは０．５〜１．５質量％、最も好ましくは０．５〜１．０質量％になるようにガリウムに添加されて分散している。このガリウム組成物は、液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度より低い温度で液体状態を保持することができ、３〜４℃でも１時間以上液体状態を保持することができる。このように３〜４℃で液体状態に保持されたガリウム組成物を０．１℃／秒程度の冷却速度で冷却すると、０℃付近でも液体状態を保持することができる。なお、本発明によるガリウム組成物中にシリカ微粒子が分散していることは、透過電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）によって確認した。 In the embodiment of the gallium composition according to the present invention, the silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 1 to 20 nm, and most preferably 5 to 10 nm are 0.1% by mass or more, Preferably 0.3 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by mass, most preferably 0.5 to 1.0% by mass added to gallium and dispersed. . This gallium composition can maintain a liquid state at a temperature lower than the liquid state retention temperature of liquid gallium, and can maintain a liquid state for 1 hour or more even at 3 to 4 ° C. Thus, when the gallium composition held in a liquid state at 3 to 4 ° C. is cooled at a cooling rate of about 0.1 ° C./second, the liquid state can be maintained even near 0 ° C. In addition, it was confirmed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) that the silica fine particles were dispersed in the gallium composition according to the present invention.
以下、本発明による液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度の低下方法の実施例について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium according to the present invention will be described in detail.
［実施例１〜３］
まず、平均粒径５ｎｍのシリカ（ＳｉＯ２）微粒子を用意し、このシリカ微粒子をそれぞれ０．１質量％（実施例１）、０．５質量％（実施例２）および１．０質量％（実施例３）になるように液体ガリウム５ｇに添加した。次に、これらのシリカ微粒子を添加したそれぞれの液体ガリウムを超音波で１時間分散させた後、恒温室内に配置して８０℃で１日保持し、その後、８０℃で３０分間攪拌した後に冷蔵庫内に配置して３〜４℃で保持した。このようにして保持されたそれぞれの液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、実施例１では３日、実施例２では１２０日、実施例３では２９０日経過まで液体状態を保持していた。
[Examples 1 to 3]
First, silica (SiO 2 ) fine particles having an average particle diameter of 5 nm were prepared, and the silica fine particles were 0.1% by mass (Example 1), 0.5% by mass (Example 2), and 1.0% by mass ( Example 3) was added to 5 g of liquid gallium. Next, after each liquid gallium to which these silica fine particles are added is dispersed with ultrasonic waves for 1 hour, it is placed in a thermostatic chamber and kept at 80 ° C. for 1 day, and then stirred at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the refrigerator. And placed at 3-4 ° C. When the state of each liquid gallium held in this way was observed, the liquid state was maintained until 3 days in Example 1, 120 days in Example 2, and 290 days in Example 3.
［実施例４〜６］
平均粒径５ｎｍのシリカ微粒子の代わりに平均粒径１０ｎｍのシリカ微粒子をそれぞれ０．１質量％（実施例４）、０．５質量％（実施例５）および１．０質量％（実施例６）になるように液体ガリウム５ｇに添加した以外は、実施例１〜３と同様の処理を行った後に液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、実施例４では９日、実施例５では１２０日、実施例６では４００日以上経過しても液体状態を保持していた。
[Examples 4 to 6]
Instead of silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 5 nm, silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 nm are 0.1% by mass (Example 4), 0.5% by mass (Example 5) and 1.0% by mass (Example 6), respectively. The liquid gallium was observed after the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the liquid gallium was added to 5 g of liquid gallium so as to be 9) in Example 4, 120 days in Example 5, In Example 6, the liquid state was maintained even after 400 days had elapsed.
［実施例７〜９］
平均粒径５ｎｍのシリカ微粒子の代わりに平均粒径５０ｎｍのシリカ微粒子をそれぞれ０．１質量％（実施例７）、０．５質量％（実施例８）および１．０質量％（実施例９）になるように液体ガリウム５ｇに添加した以外は、実施例１〜３と同様の処理を行った後に液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、実施例７では９日、実施例８では１２０日、実施例９では２９０日経過まで液体状態を保持していた。
[Examples 7 to 9]
Instead of silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 5 nm, silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 50 nm are 0.1% by mass (Example 7), 0.5% by mass (Example 8) and 1.0% by mass (Example 9), respectively. The liquid gallium was observed after the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the liquid gallium was added to 5 g of liquid gallium so as to be 9) in Example 7, 120 days in Example 8, In Example 9, the liquid state was maintained until 290 days had elapsed.
［実施例１０〜１２］
平均粒径５ｎｍのシリカ微粒子の代わりに平均粒径１００ｎｍのシリカ微粒子をそれぞれ０．１質量％（実施例１０）、０．５質量％（実施例１１）および１．０質量％（実施例１２）になるように液体ガリウム５ｇに添加した以外は、実施例１〜３と同様の処理を行った後に液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、実施例１０では７日、実施例１１では２日、実施例１２では１日経過しても液体状態を保持していた。
[Examples 10 to 12]
Instead of silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 5 nm, silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm are 0.1% by mass (Example 10), 0.5% by mass (Example 11) and 1.0% by mass (Example 12), respectively. The liquid gallium was observed after the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the liquid gallium was added to 5 g of liquid gallium. In Example 12, the liquid state was maintained even after 1 day.
［比較例１］
シリカ微粒子を添加しなかった以外は、実施例１〜３と同様の処理を行った後に液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、１分間しか液体状態を保持することができず、凝固点は７．７℃であった。
[Comparative Example 1]
The liquid gallium state was observed after the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the silica fine particles were not added, and the liquid state could be maintained for only 1 minute, and the freezing point was 7.7. ° C.
［比較例２］
シリカ微粒子の代わりにニッケル（Ｎｉ）微粒子を２５質量％になるように液体ガリウム５ｇに添加した以外は、実施例１〜３と同様の処理を行った後に液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、１０分間しか液体状態を保持することができず、凝固点は３．３℃であった。
[Comparative Example 2]
The state of liquid gallium was observed after the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 3 except that nickel (Ni) fine particles were added to 5 g of liquid gallium so as to be 25% by mass instead of silica fine particles. The liquid state could be maintained only for a minute, and the freezing point was 3.3 ° C.
［比較例３］
シリカ微粒子の代わりにニッケル（Ｆｅ）微粒子を２５質量％になるように液体ガリウム５ｇに添加した以外は、実施例１〜３と同様の処理を行った後に液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、７分間しか液体状態を保持することができず、凝固点は３．３℃であった。
[Comparative Example 3]
The state of liquid gallium was observed after the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 3 except that nickel (Fe) fine particles were added to 5 g of liquid gallium so as to be 25% by mass instead of silica fine particles. The liquid state could be maintained only for a minute, and the freezing point was 3.3 ° C.
これらの実施例１〜１２および比較例１〜３の結果を表１に示す。 The results of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
また、実施例１〜１２と同様の処理を行って３〜４℃で液体状態に保持されたそれぞれの液体ガリウムを０．１℃／秒程度の冷却速度で０℃付近までさらに冷却して、それぞれの液体ガリウムの状態を観察したところ、いずれも液体状態を保持していた。 Further, each liquid gallium held in a liquid state at 3 to 4 ° C. by performing the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 12 was further cooled to near 0 ° C. at a cooling rate of about 0.1 ° C./second, When the state of each liquid gallium was observed, all kept the liquid state.
これらの結果から、実施例１〜１２のように平均粒径１００ｎｍ以下のシリカ０．１質量％以上を液体ガリウムに添加することにより、液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を３〜４℃まで低下させることができ、さらに０℃付近まで低下させることができることわかった。 From these results, the liquid state retention temperature of liquid gallium is lowered to 3 to 4 ° C. by adding 0.1 mass% or more of silica having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less to liquid gallium as in Examples 1 to 12. It was found that the temperature could be further lowered to around 0 ° C.
本発明による液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度の低下方法によって、室温以下の温度で液体状態を長時間保持するように液体ガリウムの液体状態保持温度を低下させて、電気伝導性および熱伝導性の良好な液体状態保持温度が低い液体金属を得ることができ、水銀やアルカリ金属合金の代替物として、電気スイッチ、温度センサ、温度計、圧力センサ、圧力駆動スイッチのような様々なスイッチやセンサなどの導電性液体として使用可能な液体金属を得ることができる。 The method for reducing the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium according to the present invention reduces the liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium so as to hold the liquid state for a long time at a temperature below room temperature, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. As a substitute for mercury and alkali metal alloys, various switches and sensors such as electrical switches, temperature sensors, thermometers, pressure sensors, pressure-driven switches, etc. can be obtained. A liquid metal that can be used as a conductive liquid can be obtained.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009054345A JP5411532B2 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-03-09 | Method for reducing liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and gallium composition having reduced liquid state holding temperature |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008209425 | 2008-08-18 | ||
| JP2008209425 | 2008-08-18 | ||
| JP2009054345A JP5411532B2 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-03-09 | Method for reducing liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and gallium composition having reduced liquid state holding temperature |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010070846A JP2010070846A (en) | 2010-04-02 |
| JP5411532B2 true JP5411532B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
Family
ID=42202898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009054345A Active JP5411532B2 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-03-09 | Method for reducing liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and gallium composition having reduced liquid state holding temperature |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5411532B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4979657B2 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2012-07-18 | 株式会社タイホーコーザイ | Temperature-sensitive magnetic particles, production method thereof, and temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid |
-
2009
- 2009-03-09 JP JP2009054345A patent/JP5411532B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2010070846A (en) | 2010-04-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Tan et al. | Influence of nanoparticle addition on the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in Cu/Sn–Ag–Cu/Cu solder joint during different thermal conditions | |
| US8006741B2 (en) | Process for producing thermoelectric semiconductor alloy, thermoelectric conversion module, thermoelectric power generating device, rare earth alloy, producing process thereof, thermoelectric conversion material, and thermoelectric conversion system using filled skutterudite based alloy | |
| US7393463B2 (en) | High temperature magnetorheological fluid compositions and devices | |
| JP2007169765A (en) | Copper alloy and its production method | |
| JP2006265731A (en) | Copper alloy | |
| WO2004040042A1 (en) | A nano icrystals copper material with super high strength and conductivity and method of preparing thereof | |
| CN112941387B (en) | Low-melting-point liquid metal and method for continuously reducing melting point of liquid metal from five elements to eight elements | |
| US20230158568A1 (en) | Method for preparing powder material and application thereof | |
| CN111334682A (en) | Nano porous metal powder and preparation method thereof | |
| JP2009164595A (en) | Method for manufacturing thermoelectric conversion element | |
| CN105755345B (en) | A kind of rareearth magnetic material with field controllable deformation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110331405B (en) | Liquid metal and graphite composite heat dissipation film and preparation method thereof | |
| Chen et al. | Effect of rare earth Ce on the microstructure, physical properties and thermal stability of a new lead-free solder | |
| JP2017179502A (en) | Copper alloy sheet excellent in strength and conductivity | |
| JP4687662B2 (en) | Iron-based rare earth alloy magnet | |
| Sobhy et al. | Effect of Graphene Oxide Nano-Sheets (GONSs) on thermal, microstructure and stress–strain characteristics of Sn-5 wt% Sb-1 wt% Ag solder alloy | |
| JP2009094497A (en) | p-TYPE THERMOELECTRIC MATERIAL AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD | |
| JP5411532B2 (en) | Method for reducing liquid state holding temperature of liquid gallium and gallium composition having reduced liquid state holding temperature | |
| Vijayan et al. | The effect of simultaneous refinement and modification by cerium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-8% Si alloy | |
| Mi et al. | Effect of solder and barrier layer elements on the thermoelectric properties of Bi0. 5Sb1. 5Te3 | |
| CN109722559B (en) | Oxygen-alloying-containing copper-zirconium/hafnium-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| JP2006253291A (en) | Thermoelectric material | |
| JP6749122B2 (en) | Copper alloy plate with excellent strength and conductivity | |
| JP2956696B1 (en) | High strength and high conductivity copper alloy and its processing method | |
| JP6294766B2 (en) | Copper alloy material and method for producing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20120106 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130827 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130904 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20131015 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20131108 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5411532 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |