JP5405755B2 - handrail - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a handrail.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a handrail in which a depression is provided along the longitudinal direction on each of a lower surface on one side serving as a thumb side and the other side serving as a little finger when gripping.

Japanese Patent No. 3678207

  However, the handrail of Patent Document 1 has an upper surface that is substantially horizontal and the vertical thickness on one side and the vertical thickness on the other side are substantially the same. There has been a problem that it is difficult for a fingertip other than the thumb to hang on the dent on the lower surface of the side, or even when a fingertip other than the thumb is hung. In particular, when the thickness of the other side surface is large, there is a problem that children with small hands have difficulty grasping the handrail.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a handrail that is easy to put on a fingertip other than the thumb and easily put a force on a fingertip other than the thumb, and is easy to grip regardless of differences in physique among children, the elderly, adults, men and women. .

The invention according to claim 1 has a wide cross section whose lateral dimension is longer than the longitudinal dimension , an upper surface on which a palm is placed, one side surface that becomes the thumb side when grasping, and another side surface that becomes the little finger side, It has a gripping part consisting of a lower surface provided on the other side surface, and the upper surface, one side surface, and the lower surface of the gripping portion are provided with recesses in the longitudinal direction. of indentations, and the depth der finger is applied other than the thumb have a width of approximately half the transverse dimension of the gripping portion is, the tangential width of the upper surface of the grip portion is 55Mm～65mm, this tangent, It is inclined downward at 20 to 45 degrees from one side to the other side, and the thickness of the grip portion in the vertical direction is reduced from one side to the other side .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the upper surface is inclined downward from the one side surface that is the thumb side when gripping the upper surface toward the other side surface that is the little finger side, and the thickness of the other side surface in the vertical direction is one. Since the thickness is smaller than the vertical thickness of the side surface, when gripping the handrail, place the palm along the inclined top surface with the thumb in the dent on one side, and place the palm other than the thumb on the other side. It is easy to apply a fingertip other than the thumb to the dent on the lower surface on the other side surface by turning the finger, and to apply force to the fingertip other than the thumb on the dent on the lower surface.
Since it is easy to apply a force to the fingertips other than the thumb that is hung on the recess on the lower surface, for example, when a handrail is provided on the climbing inclined surface, the body can be easily drawn to the handrail to climb the inclined surface.
Since the thickness in the vertical direction on the other side is smaller than the thickness in the vertical direction on one side, when a small hand such as a child grips the handrail It is easy to put your finger on, and you can easily hold it regardless of the physique.
When a person grips the handrail, the wrist is bent and gripped when the upper surface is substantially horizontal, but in the present invention, the upper surface is inclined downward from one side to the other side, The bending of the wrist can be reduced and the burden on the wrist can be reduced.
By placing the thumb so that it is attached to the dent on one side, the fingertip of the thumb faces the direction of the path, so that the direction of the path can be sensed, and it becomes a signpost for the visually handicapped and in the dark.

  The inclination angle of the upper surface of the handrail is set to 20 ° to 45 °, which reduces the burden on the muscle that refracts the wrist (ulcer side carpal extensor) and facilitates pushing the headboard downward with the palm, thus assisting walking of the handrail. Therefore, it is easy to use in the form of putting weight on the handrail from above, and even a person with a short height can easily grip it because it does not bend the wrist greatly. Also, when you stumble while walking and lose your center of gravity, change your hand to quickly grasp your palm (the thumb and other fingers than the thumb to wrap the handrail) Easy to support.

  The width of the upper surface of the handrail is 55 mm to 65 mm, so it is easy to demonstrate the grip strength most easily with a normal natural grip using the strength of fingers other than the thumb. When you do, it is easy to support your body by quickly changing your palm to a hand grip.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a handrail according to the first embodiment together with a use example, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example where a child uses the handrail shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a handrail shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which cuts and shows a handrail which is another example of use.
As shown in FIG. 1, the handrail 5 is constructed between the support columns 3 and 3 in the present embodiment, and this handrail 5 is made of an aluminum alloy and has a wide cross section as a whole. The outer periphery of the handrail 5 is composed of an upper surface 7, one side surface 9 that becomes the thumb side when gripping, the other side surface 11 that becomes the little finger side, and a lower surface 13.
The handrail 5 has a lower portion on one side fixed to the column 3 and is provided so as to protrude from the column to the other side. The entire width L1 of the handrail 5 is 58.5 mm.
The distance L2 from the support column 3 to the other side surface 11 is 35 mm.
The thickness H1 in the vertical direction of the other side surface 11 is smaller than the thickness H2 in the vertical direction of the one side surface 9. H1 is about 20 mm, and H2 is about 37 mm.
The upper surface 7 is inclined downward at an inclination angle α from one side surface toward the other side surface. The inclination angle α is about 32 degrees.
The inclination angle α is preferably 20 degrees to 45 degrees. If it is less than 20 degrees, the burden on the ulnar carpal extensors will increase suddenly. If it exceeds 45 degrees, it will be difficult to push the caps downward with the palm, and the weight will be increased from the top to the handrail as a walking aid. This is because the use in the form of depositing is difficult, and when a person with a short height grasps the handrail, the wrist is greatly bent to the palm side, which makes it difficult to grasp. In addition, if the inclination angle α exceeds 45 degrees, it becomes extremely difficult to change the palm to a hand grip when the center of gravity is broken by stumbling during walking.
The width W of the upper surface is a size for placing a palm, and the width W is about 59 mm. The width W is preferably 55 mm to 65 mm. This is because, within this range, it is easy to exert the grip strength with a normal natural grip using the strength of fingers other than the thumb. When the width W is smaller than 55 mm, the gripping force for grasping the headboard decreases rapidly, and when the width W on the upper surface is larger than 65 mm, the palm spreads and another muscle is used to apply another gripping force with the thumb. Because it increases the burden, it is inappropriate.
One side surface of the upper surface 7 is a projection 15 formed by an arc having a radius R1, and R1 is about 12 mm.
On the other side surface of the upper surface 7, a recess 17 formed by an arc having a radius R3 is formed, and R3 is about 41 mm.
Between the convex 15 of the upper surface 7 and the dent 17 is a convex 19 formed by an arc having a radius R2, and R2 is about 35 mm.
The upper surface 7 is formed by connecting the above-described arc of R1, the arc of R2, and the arc of R3.
On one side surface 9, a recess 21 formed by an arc having a radius R5 is formed. The recess 21 is for placing the thumb F1 of the hand, and R5 is about 6 mm. The recess 21 is continuous with the arc of the adjacent protrusion 15.
The other side surface 11 is a convex 23 formed by an arc having a radius R4, and R4 is about 11 mm.
A recess 25 formed by an arc having a radius R6 is formed on the lower surface 13, and a finger F2 other than the thumb of the hand (at least one of an index finger, a middle finger, a ring finger, and a little finger) is located in the recess 25, and R6 Is about 26 mm.

Next, the operation and effect of the handrail 1 in the first embodiment will be described.
As shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, when a person stands beside the handrail 1 and grasps the handrail 5, the arm is extended obliquely, the palm is placed on the upper surface 7 of the handrail 5, and the thumb F1 is attached to the dent 21 on one side surface 9, the finger F2 other than the thumb is applied to the other side surface 11, and the fingertip of the finger F2 other than the thumb is hung on the dent 25 on the lower surface 13.

According to the first embodiment, when grasping the handrail 5, when a person standing beside the handrail 1 grasps the handrail 5 from obliquely above, the upper surface is inclined downward from one side to the other side. 7, and when the thumb F 1 is attached to the recess 21 on one side 9, the finger F 2 other than the thumb is applied to the other side 11 so that the fingertip can be easily put on the recess 25 on the lower surface 13. It is easy to apply a force to the fingertips of the fingers F2 other than the thumb hung on the recess 25 of the lower surface 13 (effect 1).
Since it is easy to apply force to the fingertips of the fingers F2 other than the thumbs hung on the recesses 25 on the lower surface 13, for example, when the handrail 1 is provided along the climbing inclined surface, the body is easily tilted by pulling the body toward the handrail 1 It is possible to climb the surface, and even if the balance is likely to be lost or toppling over, it is easy to support the weight by applying force to the fingertips of the fingers F2 other than the thumb (effect 2).
Since the vertical thickness on the other side surface is smaller than the vertical thickness on the one side surface, even when a small hand such as a child grips the handrail 5, the recess 25 on the lower surface 13 has a portion other than the thumb. The finger F2 can be easily applied and can be easily grasped regardless of the physique difference (effect 3).
When a person standing next to the handrail grips the handrail 5, the wrist is bent and gripped if the upper surface is substantially horizontal. In the present embodiment, the upper surface 7 extends from one side to the other side. Since the head is inclined downward, the wrist bending can be reduced and the burden on the wrist can be reduced (effect 4).
As shown in FIG. 1, the thumb F1 is placed so as to be attached to the recess 21 on one side surface 9, so that the fingertip of the thumb F1 faces the direction of the course, so that the direction of the course can be sensed and the visually impaired person walks. Or a signpost in the dark (Effect 5).
Since the handrail 5 has a recess 25 formed on the lower surface 13 on the other side surface and a recess 17 formed on the upper surface 7 on the other side surface, when a child with a small hand or the like holds the handrail 5, FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the base of the thumb F1 or the palm of the palm of the hand is placed in the recess 17 of the upper surface 7, and the entire palm is brought to the other side of the handrail 5 so that it is hung on the base of the thumb of the palm and the recess 25 of the lower surface 13. The other side surface of the handrail 5 can be easily grasped with the finger F2 other than the thumb that is present. When gripping in this way, the upper surface 7 is provided with a recess 17 so that the palm placed on the upper surface 7 can be slid or the thumb F1 or the base of the thumb of the palm can be placed in the recess 17 with the recess 17 as a mark. Thus, the palm arranged on the other side can be stably held on the upper surface 13 (effect 6).
Also, as shown in FIG. 3, when the index finger F2 is placed in the recess 17 on the upper surface 7, the fingertip of the index finger faces the direction of advancement, so that it is possible to feel a sense of direction of travel even with such a gripping method (effect 7). .
The handrail 5 is wide in cross section and has a lower portion on one side fixed to the column 3 and is provided so as to protrude from the column 3 to the other side, so that the hand grasping the handrail 5 follows the handrail 5 Even if it slides and advances, it is not necessary for the fingertips other than the thumb hanging on the recess 25 of the lower surface 13 to hit the support 3 or the metal fitting that fixes the handrail 5 to the support 3 (effect 8).

The present invention, has performed an evaluation experiment is described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 13, the contents and results.
(Evaluation Experiment 1)
The experiment method of the evaluation experiment 1 is to create four types of handrails of a round shape, a staggered shape, a staggered hollow shape, and a mushroom shape shown in FIG. 4 and actually hold the handrail for the subjects A to E below. We asked them to walk and surveyed their feeling of use. The questionnaire results are shown in FIGS .
The subjects were 16 healthy people in their 10, 20, 30, and 40 generations, of which 8 were men and 8 were women.
Task A (open eye Kenken) walks with a handrail on one foot.
Task B (continuous transport) has a plastic tank with water (about 10 liters) in one hand and walks using a handrail.
Task C (walking with eyes closed) involves walking with eyes closed and using a handrail.
Task D (closed eye transportation) involves holding a plastic tank with water (about 10 liters) in one hand, squeezing eyes and walking with a handrail.
In Task E (Glove Transport), wear gloves with two gloves and hold a plastic tank with water (about 10 liters) in one hand and walk using a handrail.

After walking each of the tasks A to E, a questionnaire was asked about the questions (Q1-1, Q1-2, Q2-1, Q2-2, Q3-1, Q4-1, Q4-2) shown on the left side of FIG. went. Questionnaire shows that Q1-1 is very easy to put on weight, quite easy to put on weight, somewhat easy to put on weight, neither can be said, it is hard to put on weight, it is hard to put on weight, it is very difficult to put on weight The average value of the answers plotted for each type of handrail is shown on the right side of FIG .
Moreover, in the questionnaire, as for the ease of use of the handrail, some points out of 100 were listed, and the average value of the comprehensive evaluation points is shown in FIG. 6 together with the standard deviation.
In the answers to the above questionnaires, Q1-1 has 7 points that make it very easy to put on weight, 6 points that make it easy to put on weight, 5 points that make it easy to put on weight, 4 points that can be said to be neither, 3 Point, 2 points that are very difficult to apply weight, 1 point that is very difficult to apply weight, and Q1-2, Q2-1, Q2-2, Q3-1, Q4-1, Q4-2 are also numerical values in the same way However, the average value of the answers to each type of the handrail, as shown in the radar charts of Fig. 7 (nest graph spider).

As is clear from FIG. 6 , in the comprehensive evaluation evaluated with a 100-point scale, the staggered type and the staggered hollow type have an average score of about 78 points, compared to about 40 to 50 points of the round type and the mushroom type, High evaluation was obtained.
Further, as apparent from the radar chart shown in FIG. 7 , the zigzag type and the zigzag hollow type were able to obtain high scores in a well-balanced manner with respect to the above-described problems. The staggered hollow type is based on the staggered type, with special consideration given to people with weak strength and small hands, but nevertheless, it has been evaluated by healthy adult men and women as inferior to the staggered type. It was. Furthermore, in Q1-2 and Q2-1 of the said subject, evaluation of the zigzag hollow type was higher than the zigzag type.
Therefore, among the four types of handrails, round, staggered, staggered, and mushroom, the staggered is the most excellent.

(Evaluation Experiment 2)
The test method of the evaluation experiment 2 includes five types, ie , a round shape shown in FIG. 4 , a staggered shape, a staggered hollow shape (large), a staggered hollow shape (middle), and a staggered hollow shape (small) shown in FIG. A handrail of the type was created, and the subjects were asked to walk the stairs by actually grasping the handrail for the following problems A to C, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the feeling of use at that time. The results of the questionnaire survey are shown in FIGS .
The test subjects were 14 elderly people in their 60s, 70s and 80s, of which 8 were men and 6 were women. The subjects were elderly because the muscle strength of their hands was weaker than that of younger people. In addition, because young people have grip strength, it is difficult to obtain an evaluation of ease of gripping (easy to put power) according to the size of the caps (large, medium, small). This is because it is easy to make a subtle evaluation that it is difficult to put power in the middle and small).

Task A-1 (rise) starts up using a handrail from a state in which it is sitting on a chair.
Task A-2 (rising and transporting) has a plastic tank with water (about 10 liters) in one hand and goes up the stairs using a handrail.
Task A-3 (side weight shift) is to hold the handrail with one hand and leave the weight in the opposite direction to the handrail.
Task A-4 (downward transportation) has a plastic tank with water (about 10 liters) in one hand and goes down the stairs using a handrail.
Task B (double hand gloves) repeats the above task A by wearing gloves with two gloves.
Task C (carrying closed eyes) involves holding a plastic tank with water (about 10 liters) in one hand, blinking eyes and walking with a handrail.
After each of the tasks A to C, a questionnaire for questions (Q1-1, Q1-2, etc.) shown on the left side of FIG. 9 was conducted. Questionnaire shows that Q1-1 is very easy to put on weight, quite easy to put on weight, somewhat easy to put on weight, can't say either, it's hard to put on weight, it's hard to put weight on it, it's hard to put weight on it The right-hand side of FIG. 9 shows the average values of the responses plotted for each type of handrail.
Moreover, in the questionnaire, as for the ease of use of the handrail, some points out of 100 were listed, and the result of calculating the average value and the standard deviation is shown in FIG .
As in the evaluation experiment 1, a score of 1 to 7 points was given to the answer to the questionnaire, and the average value of the answer for each handrail was shown in the radar chart of FIG .

As is clear from FIG. 10 , in the comprehensive evaluation evaluated with a 100-point scale, the average score for the zigzag hollow type (middle) is about 98 points, and the average score for the zigzag hollow type (small) is about 76 points. Since round and chidori type, and zigzag hollow type (large) are about 60 to 65 points, among these, zigzag hollow type (middle) and zigzag hollow type (small) are round type, zigzag type, and zigzag hollow. The evaluation was higher than the type (large).
As is clear from the radar chart shown in FIG. 11 , the round type, the staggered type, and the zigzag hollow type (large) are biased in the evaluation depending on the problem. The zigzag hollow type (small) and the zigzag hollow type (middle) are both There is little bias due to issues.
Therefore, in consideration of the comprehensive evaluation of FIG . 10 and the results of the radar chart shown in FIG. 11 , the zigzag hollow type (medium) was superior among them.

(Evaluation Experiment 3)
The experiment method of the evaluation experiment 3 is the scale side of the subject when the inclination angle α is variously changed to 0 degree, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, and 50 degrees for the handrail according to the first embodiment. The electromyogram of the carpal extensor was measured. In the evaluation experiment 3, it carried out about 4 test subjects. The result is shown in FIG .

As is apparent from FIG. 12, it can be seen that the burden on the ulnar carpal extensor is rapidly increased when the handrail angle α is smaller than 20 degrees. When the angle α of the handrail exceeds 40 degrees, the burden on the ulnar carpal extensor is not so much, but when it exceeds 40 degrees, the angle of the wrist becomes too large and it becomes difficult to push the handrail downward with the palm. Although it is not specifically measured for a numerical value between 40 degrees and 50 degrees, it is preferably 45 degrees or less considering that it is difficult to push the handrail downward when the angle becomes too large.
Therefore, from this evaluation experiment 3, the optimum tilt angle α of the handrail is 20 to 45 degrees.

(Evaluation Experiment 4)
The experiment method of the evaluation experiment 4 is for the handrail according to the first embodiment when the inclination angle α is 30 degrees and the width W of the upper surface is variously changed to 45 mm, 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, and 75 mm. The subject's grip strength was measured. In the evaluation experiment 4, it carried out about 4 test subjects. The result is shown in FIG .

As is apparent from FIG. 13 , the grip strength of all subjects decreased when the upper surface width W was less than 55 mm, and three of the four subjects had the maximum grip strength with an upper surface width W of 60 mm. Further, in these three subjects, the grip strength suddenly decreased beyond 65 mm. In addition, in 70-75 mm, although the grip strength is higher than when 55 mm, this is because the palm spreads and another grip is applied with force applied to the thumb. However, if another gripping method with such a force applied to the thumb is used, another muscle load increases, which is inappropriate as a normal natural gripping method using the muscle strength of fingers other than the thumb.
From FIG. 13 , it can be seen that the range in which the grip strength is most easily exerted by a normal natural grip using the strength of fingers other than the thumb is 55 mm to 65 mm.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For example, the handrail 1 may be installed in a passage such as a staircase or a hallway installed indoors, or may be fixed to a bracket protruding from the wall toward the passage.
The handrail 5 of the first embodiment may be wooden, and the material of the handrail 5 is not limited.
The numerical values and positions such as the thicknesses H1 and H2 and the radii R1 to R6 can be set as appropriate ranges as appropriate, and are not limited to the above-described embodiments.
The handrail shown in FIG. 2 is not limited to being held by a small hand such as a child, but an adult similarly places the thumb F1 or the base of the thumb of the palm on the upper surface 7 of the handrail 5 and the dent 25 on the lower surface 3. The handrail 5 may be gripped by putting a finger F2 other than the thumb on (hand grip). When an adult with a hand larger than the child grips such a heel, the thumb F1 and the base of the thumb of the palm may be disposed on the upper surface 7, and not limited to the recess 17 on the upper surface 7. . In the case of a hand grip, it is easy to draw the handrail 5 by applying force to the finger F2 other than the thumb that is hung on the recess 25 of the lower surface 3.

It is sectional drawing which shows the handrail which concerns on 1st Embodiment with a usage example. It is sectional drawing which shows the example which a child uses the handrail shown in FIG. It is the perspective view which cuts and shows the handrail which is another usage example of the handrail shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the handrail used in the evaluation experiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed the contents and the result of the questionnaire in the evaluation experiment 1 with the graph. 5 is a graph of comprehensive evaluation in evaluation experiment 1. It is the figure which made the questionnaire chart of the evaluation experiment 1 into the radar chart for every handrail. It is sectional drawing of the handrail added and used in the evaluation experiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed the contents of the questionnaire in the evaluation experiment 2, and the result by the graph. It is a graph of comprehensive evaluation in evaluation experiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which made the questionnaire chart of the evaluation experiment 2 into the radar chart for every handrail. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the handrail angle in the evaluation experiment 3, and the electromyogram of the ulnar carpal extensor. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the grip width of the handrail in evaluation experiment 4, and a grip force.

5 handrail 7 upper surface 9 one side surface 11 other side surface 13 lower surface 17 dent (dent on the upper surface)
21 dent (one side dent)
25 dent (dent on the bottom)

Claims (1)

It has a wide cross section whose horizontal dimension is longer than the vertical dimension, and includes an upper surface on which a palm is placed, one side that becomes the thumb side when grasping, another side that becomes the little finger side, and a lower surface that is provided on the other side. The upper surface, one side surface, and the lower surface of the grip portion are provided with recesses in the longitudinal direction. The recesses on one side surface are deep enough to hang the thumb, and the recesses on the lower surface are the lateral dimensions of the grip portion. and depth der finger is applied other than the thumb have a width of approximately half is, tangential width of the upper surface of the grip portion is 55Mm～65mm, this tangent toward the one side to the other side 20 A handrail characterized by being inclined downward at a degree of 45 to 45 degrees and having a thickness in the vertical direction of the gripping portion that is reduced from one side to the other side .

Images