JP5394872B2 - Negusare nematode or cyst nematode control agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an agent for controlling Nematode nematode or cyst nematode, and belongs to the field of pest control techniques for cultivated crops.

  In recent years, damage caused by parasitic nematodes on cultivated crops has become a problem. This problem is particularly noticeable when a particular crop is continuously cropped, and as a result of the high density of nematodes that are highly parasitic on the crop, the growth of the crop is hindered and the yield is reduced. Cause damage.

  As countermeasures, coarse organic matter such as compost has been used in the past, but this method has a high inhibitory effect against harmful nematodes, but it is necessary to use a large amount, so that the labor burden is high, and there is a problem with crop abnormalities. There are drawbacks such as growth and the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the soil.

  There is also a method of planting plants containing chemical substances that suppress the growth of nematodes in soil, such as marigold, crotalaria, and guineagrass, together with cultivated crops. There is a difficulty in restricting the planting area.

Furthermore, soil disinfection using pesticides for fumigation before sowing or planting is low in cost and is currently the most widely used control method, and is effective in removing nematodes in soil. Has a concern that the safety to human livestock is impaired, and has a great impact on the soil ecosystem, such as killing useful microorganisms. Furthermore, it is known that after treatment, the normalization of damage is often induced after the treatment, in which target pests or other pests increase instead of being called resurgency (induced multiple occurrence).

  In addition, as a physical control method, disinfection using solar heat in the house and reductive disinfection with a large amount of irrigation and heat are effective, but this method requires large-scale equipment and is costly and labor intensive. Is expensive.

  And all of these countermeasures are preventive, and once they are parasitized during planting, it is extremely difficult to eliminate them and restore the soil, and to prevent further contamination. Is the actual situation.

  As a nematode control agent that has no impact on soil ecosystems and human livestock, is excellent in safety, and is easy to implement, Patent Document 1 discloses a natural product-derived control agent effective for root-knot nematodes. It is disclosed that an alcoholic extract of an Asteraceae plant such as Sendangsa, Himejon, and Solanum spp. And a boiled extract with distilled water have an effect of immobilizing root-knot nematodes.

JP 2008-12049A

  However, the thing of the said patent document 1 is a root-knot nematode, and there is no description about the root-knot nematode and cyst nematode which are considered to be 3 major harmful nematodes with a root-knot nematode. If the damage to Negusale nematodes and cyst nematodes can be controlled, the damage caused by nematode diseases can be greatly reduced, but even with the same plant parasitic nematodes, damage to the respective ecology and crops can be reduced. In the case of root-knot nematode, the larva invades and settles in the plant root during a limited period of infancy, grows while taking away nutrients by enlarging the root tissue, and when matured, the surface of the plant root tissue On the other hand, a large number of larvae hatch in the soil and then spread the damage, whereas in the case of Negusa nematode, eggs are spawned in the root tissue, and the hatched larvae damage the roots. In addition to being active, in most of its life cycle it seeks suitable hosts and can move freely through plant roots and soil, causing damage to a wider area. In addition, cyst nematodes form a strong shell called cysts in the soil and can protect hundreds of eggs in them, which is not desirable for root-knot nematodes and nematode nematodes, such as dry and cold. Can withstand long periods of time.

  In addition, root-knot nematodes are asteraceae, aster, gerbera, dahlia, carnation, stock, narcissus, sweet pea, peonies, gladiolus, celosia, gentian, flowering trees, peach, willow, red oak, nanten, ume, cherry, rose, camellia. , Sasanqua, clematis, and other vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, cruciferous, spinach, garlic, leeks, ginger, legumes, etc. In the case of gusale nematode, it has been reported that it also parasitizes the parasitic plant of root-knot nematode. Rubber, maple, pine, elm, cypress, Other trees and damage in such as grass often. Similarly, it is known that there are many damages in root vegetables such as carrots, Japanese radish, and burdock as well as gramineous and asteraceae. Typical species of cyst nematodes are potato cyst nematodes and soybean cyst nematodes, which are particularly damaging to legume crops such as potato, soybean, azuki bean and green beans mainly in the Kanto region. Yes.

  Therefore, for the nematode nematodes and cyst nematodes that constitute the three major harmful nematodes together with root-knot nematodes, it is desired to separately realize a control agent having excellent safety and ease of implementation.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. First, the invention according to claim 1 is a control agent for a nematode nematode or a cyst nematode, and is effective in using an extract of Amaranthus japonicum. It is characterized by being a component.

  The invention described in claim 2 is the control agent for the nematode nematode or cyst nematode according to claim 1, wherein water is added at a rate of 50 ml with respect to 10 g of dry fine powder of Ayuyukisendansa, After heating, the liquid component is extracted and purified to approximately half the amount of water as a stock solution, which is a stock solution or a diluted solution up to 50 times the stock solution.

  The invention described in claim 3 is the control agent for the nematode nematode according to the invention described in claim 2, characterized in that it is the stock solution or a diluted solution up to 20 times thereof.

  Furthermore, the invention described in claim 4 is a cyst nematode control agent in the invention described in claim 2, characterized in that it is a diluted solution of 10 to 20 times the stock solution.

  According to the control agent of the nematode nematode or cyst nematode according to the present invention, the extract of Ayuyuki nengesa acts as an active ingredient on the nematode nematode and cyst nematode, exhibits the effect of immobilization or lethality, Prevent or reduce crop damage caused by nematode infestation.

  In particular, this control agent is a kind of weed that grows widely in Japan and abroad, and it can be manufactured at low cost because it is easily available, and it does not require large equipment for use. . Moreover, it is a natural product, and in some areas it is used by decocting and drinking leaves and stems, and has no effect on human livestock or the environment, and there is no risk of damaging the soil ecosystem.

  In particular, the control agent according to the invention of claim 3 has an immediate effect on the nematode nematode and can prevent or reduce damage immediately even after the infestation of the crop is recognized.

  In addition, the control agent according to the invention of claim 4 has an immediate effect on cyst nematode, and similarly, even after infestation of crops is recognized, damage can be immediately prevented or reduced.

It is a photograph which shows the survival state and fatal state of Southern Nematode. It is a photograph which shows the survival state and lethal state of soybean cyst nematode.

  The pesticide for controlling nematode or cyst nematode according to the present invention comprises an extract of Ayuyukisendangusa as an active ingredient, and its raw material is obtained by collecting a native Ayuyusendangusa, in its raw state or dried The material used is the material. In that case, whole plants including flowers, leaves, stems and the like can be used as the material, but it is preferable to remove the roots. Further, when dried, it does not rot and is convenient for handling.

  Extraction of the stock solution from this material is performed as follows.

  First, the raw material is finely crushed or pulverized, and in the case of a dry raw material, 5 to several tens of times by weight of water is added and allowed to penetrate into the raw material. When the raw material is raw, since the raw material itself contains about 80% of water, the amount of water added is about 1/5 compared to the case of the dry material.

  Next, the material infiltrated with water is heated by boiling water, boiling, etc., then cooled, and then solid-liquid separation is performed by squeezing separation method, centrifugal separation method, sedimentation separation method, etc. Depending on the conditions, a known purification treatment is added to obtain a stock solution of the control agent.

  This stock solution is directly or concentrated or diluted with water to become a liquid control agent, or dried to become a granular or powdery control agent.

  In the case of a liquid control agent, a diluted solution up to about 50 times the stock solution is desirable to obtain a certain effect, and in order to obtain a control effect of almost 100%, the stock solution or a diluted solution up to about 20 times is used. Is desirable.

In addition, when immediate effect is required, the control agent for nematode nematode is preferably a stock solution or a diluted solution up to about 20 times the stock solution, and the control agent for cyst nematode is 10 to 20 times the stock solution. Dilution to the extent is good.

  In the case of liquid, this control agent can be used by further irrigating into the soil if it is in liquid form, or by appropriately supporting it on a carrier and placing it on the soil surface or in the soil. .

  Examples of the present invention will be described below.

1. Preparation of Ayuyukisendanusa extract (1) Select the Awayukisendangusa strain that has grown naturally on the campus of the University of the Ryukyus and is free of discoloration, deformation, mosaic virus, etc. The material from which the withered part was removed was used as a material.
(2) This material was dried at 100 ° C. for about 2 hours with a dryer and then finely pulverized using a mill to obtain a dry fine powder material. As a drying method, natural drying may be used, and in that case, the drying time is longer than mechanical drying.
(3) 10 g of the dry fine powder material was weighed and placed in a beaker, and 50 ml of distilled water was added and sufficiently infiltrated.
(4) The beaker was covered with wrap and aluminum foil, heated in a hot water bath at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, allowed to cool, and compressed with gauze to obtain a crude extract.
(5) This crude extract was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was filtered to obtain about 25 ml of extract. This extract was used as a stock solution of the control agent according to this example.

2. Preparation of nematode larva for test [cyst nematode]
The adult female egg (cyst) contained in the nematode-contaminated soil distributed from the Central Agricultural Research Center was destroyed with tweezers under a stereomicroscope, and this was filled with kidney bean root exudate (approximately 5 ml). In a state where it was placed on a Kimwipe in a petri dish, it was hatched in an incubator at 25 ° C. One week later, the hatched second stage larvae were collected with a Pasteur pipette and used for the experiment within one week.

[Negusaresenchu]
SH medium distributed from Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center (stock solution 1:50 ml, stock solution 2:10 ml, stock solution 3: 1 ml, stock solution 4: 1 ml, stock solution 5: 1 ml, inositol: 1 g, sucrose: 30 g , Gellan gum: 3 g, distilled water: 937 ml) was isolated by the Bellman method and used for experiments.

Here, the composition of the preservation solutions 1 to 5 is as follows.
Stock solution 1 (KNO ₃ : 50 g, water: 1,000 ml)
Preservation solution 2 (MgSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O: 20 g, NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ : 15 g, CaCl ₂ · 2H ₂ O: 10 g)
Preservative 3 (MnSO ₄ · H ₂ O: 5 g, H ₃ BO ₃ : 2.5 g, ZnSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O: 500 ml, KI 500 ml)
Preservation solution 4 (CuSO ₄ .5H ₂ O: 100 ml, Na ₂ MoO ₄ .2H ₂ O: 50 ml, CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O: 50 ml)
Stock solution 5 (thiamine hydrochloride: 500 ml, pyridoxine hydrochloride: 50 ml, nicotinic acid: 500 ml, 2,4-D: 200 ml)
The Bellman method is a well-known method for separating nematodes from soil or the like using the activities of the nematodes themselves.

3. Density adjustment of nematode suspension (1) Put nematode larvae suspension stored in an Erlenmeyer flask at 10 ° C into a sterilized centrifuge tube using a sterilized coma pipette and use a centrifuge And centrifuging at 1000 rpm for 1 second to precipitate larvae.
(2) The supernatant was removed using a sterilized coma pipette to obtain a high density nematode suspension.
(3) A part of this suspension is transferred to a sterilized container using a sterilized comago pipette, stirred with a touch mixer, and then 0.1 ml is collected using a sterilized pipetman. It was dripped linearly on the preparation.
(4) While observing with a microscope (40 times), nematodes on the slide were counted using a counter.
(5) The density was adjusted so that it might become 130-140 heads per 0.1 ml by adding the high-density nematode suspension of a centrifuge tube as needed, or adding sterilized distilled water.

4). Nematode immobilization / lethal test (1) As the liquid agent according to the examples, the above-mentioned stock solution of the control agent and those diluted 10-fold, 20-fold and 100-fold with sterilized distilled water were prepared. In addition, distilled water was prepared as a comparative control, and 1 ml of each was put into a sterilized test tube using a sterilized measuring pipette. At that time, five were prepared for each of the above conditions for the nematode nematode, and five were also prepared for each of the above conditions for the cyst nematode.
(2) Next, add 0.1 ml of the above density-adjusted nematode suspension to each test tube using a sterilized pipetman, and the total amount is 1.1 ml, and 130-140 lines are contained therein. A test solution with insects was produced. Thereafter, the test tube was covered with parafilm.
(3) The test tube was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 1 day, and then stirred with a touch mixer. Then, the entire amount of the test solution was transferred to a preparation using a sterilized Pasteur pipette, and the microscope (40 The number of moving nematodes and the number of immobile (immobilized) nematodes were counted, and the ratio of immobile nematodes among all nematodes (immobilization rate) was determined. . Thereafter, the entire amount of the test solution on the slide was returned to the test tube and covered with parafilm.
(4) Similarly, on the 4th and 7th days after the start of the test, the number of moving nematodes and immobilized nematodes was counted to determine the immobilization rate.
(5) After measurement on the seventh day, the entire amount of the test solution was put into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged using a centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 1 second. Thereafter, the supernatant was removed using a sterilized coma pipette, the precipitate was washed with distilled water, about 10 ml of sterilized water was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. Then, after standing for one day, the supernatant is removed, the whole amount is observed with a microscope (40 times), survival and lethality are judged, and the rate of lethal nematodes among all nematodes (lethal rate) is obtained. It was.

  Here, the determination of survival and lethality of nematodes is observed in both the southern nematode nematode shown in FIG. 1 and the soybean cyst nematode shown in FIG. Among them, those that were constantly moving survived, and as shown in (b), they were stiffened into a rod shape, and those that did not move at all during the observation were lethal.

5. Test Results The above test results are as shown in Table 1 for Negusa nematodes and in Table 2 for cyst nematodes. In the table, “aa” in the numbers “aa ± bb” indicates the average value of five test results under each condition, and “bb” is the standard deviation with respect to the average value. Indicates.

  For the southern nematode nematode, in the comparative example, the immobilization rate is 30 to 40% even on the 7th day, whereas the stock solution of the control agent according to the example, the 10-fold diluted solution, and the 20-fold diluted solution were tested. The immobilization rate was almost 100% from the first day after the start, and the lethality was confirmed at a high rate of 80 to 100% in the determination of lethality on the 8th day while maintaining this immobilization rate.

  In addition, although the 100 times dilution liquid showed the high immobilization rate on the 1st day, after that, the immobilization rate fell and the control effect more than a comparative example was not recognized.

  From the above, it was confirmed that the control agent of the present Example containing the extract of Ayuyukisendanusa as an active ingredient has a high control effect against Nematode nematode by appropriately setting the dilution. In that case, an immobilization rate of approximately 100% and a lethality rate of approximately 80% are observed with the 20-fold diluted solution, and it is estimated that a certain degree of effect can be obtained even with the 50-fold diluted solution.

  In addition, the effects of the stock solution, the 10-fold diluted solution, and the 20-fold diluted solution were recognized from the first day after the start of the test, and it was also confirmed that they had immediate effects.

  As for soybean cyst nematode, in the comparative example, the immobilization rate was several% even on the seventh day, and the survival state was almost maintained, whereas the control agent according to the example was diluted 10 times. The 20-fold diluted solution showed an immobilization rate of almost 100% from the first day after the start of the test, and even in the determination of lethality on the eighth day while maintaining this immobilization rate, lethality was confirmed at almost 100%. It was.

  Although the stock solution did not show a high effect on the first day after the start of the test, the immobilization rate was 100% after the fourth day, and it was fatal on the eighth day.

In addition, the 100-fold diluted solution did not have a remarkable control effect as in the case of the southern nematode.

  From the above, it was confirmed that the control agent of the present Example containing the extract of Ayuyukisendansa as an active ingredient has a high control effect against cyst nematode by appropriately setting the dilution. In that case, since an immobilization rate and a lethality rate of almost 100% are observed with the 20-fold diluted solution, it is estimated that a certain degree of effect can be obtained even with the 50-fold diluted solution.

  In addition, the effects of the 10-fold diluted solution and the 20-fold diluted solution were recognized from the first day after the start of the test, and it was also confirmed that they had an immediate effect.

  As described above, the control agent according to the present invention is made from a natural natural raw material, Awayukisendangusa, which is excellent in safety to the environment and livestock and can be implemented at low cost. It has a high control effect on gusale nematodes and cyst nematodes, and thus may be suitably used in the agricultural production industry.

Claims (4)

  A control agent for Negusale nematode or cyst nematode, characterized by comprising an extract of Awayukisendangusa as an active ingredient.   Water is added at a ratio of 50 ml to 10 g of dry powder of Ayuyukisendansa, heated, extracted liquid components and purified to approximately half the amount of the water as a stock solution, the stock solution or 50 The control agent for Negusale nematode or cyst nematode according to claim 1, which is a dilute solution up to twice.   The control agent for Negusale nematodes according to claim 2, which is the stock solution or a diluted solution up to 20 times the stock solution.   The cyst nematode control agent according to claim 2, which is a diluted solution of 10 to 20 times the stock solution.

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