JP5361444B2 - Cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately and automatically acquire a cycle time in tunnel excavation. <P>SOLUTION: A radio communication network 1 is constructed from a large number of radio node groups 2, 3... which are arranged in a scattered state in a tunnel and which can wirelessly communicate with one another on condition that they are positioned within a radio-wave communicable distance; a computer 7 for management, which can communicate with the radio node 2, is installed; and each of heavy machines 10-17 for tunnel construction is provided with a mobile radio terminal 4 which can wirelessly intercommunicate with the radio node 3, in the communication zone of the radio node groups 2, 3.... The type of the heavy machine for tunnel construction, which is positioned in front of a cutting face, is detected from self-ID information of the mobile radio terminal 4; and construction specifications are identified from the type and arrangement pattern of the heavy machine for tunnel construction, which is positioned in front of the cutting face of the tunnel. Thus, the cycle time is automatically acquired. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction in which cycle time measurement is automatically performed with high accuracy.

  Conventionally, in mountain tunnel construction, there are bench cut methods such as full-section excavation method, upper half-section advanced method, long bench cut method, short bench cut method, mini bench cut method, etc. depending on the excavation method. The drilling procedure is generally carried out by stepping through the steps of drilling, charging, blasting, slipping, primary spraying, support construction, secondary spraying, and rock bolting in order and step by step. . In addition, support construction, spraying, and rock bolting may be omitted or the order may be changed due to differences in ground conditions, tunnel construction methods, excavation methods, and the like.

  In the above tunnel construction, excavation cycle time is measured as part of process management. The measurement of the excavation cycle time was made by a book by a miner or a field staff (hereinafter collectively referred to as a mine worker).

  However, in the case of measurement by the above-mentioned records of underground workers etc., it is necessary to monitor the construction by sticking around the tunnel face all day, and it takes a lot of time and effort to organize the data after the completion of the construction of the day. There were problems such as. Moreover, the staff was inefficient in terms of personnel, such as being forced to organize data all the time while being busy. Furthermore, since the work is monotonous every day, some data may be unreliable due to forgetting to write, etc., and some corrections are often required to ensure data consistency. .

  On the other hand, the cycle time is inherently directly related to the management analysis of tunnel construction and is a factor that has a large effect on construction costs. However, there were problems such as taking too much time for actual feedback.

  In recent years, therefore, it has been proposed to automatically measure the cycle time in tunnel construction. For example, in Patent Document 1 described below, a process management computer is installed in a field office, a sound collecting microphone is disposed in the vicinity of a face of a tunnel, and the process management computer is arranged in advance for tunnel construction. The sound characteristics and heavy equipment type are associated with the generated sound analysis data for each construction heavy machine, and specified by identifying the heavy equipment type based on the voice analysis of the sound collected by the sound collecting microphone. Cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction (conventional method 1) and site where the start and / or end of work is automatically detected and the cycle time is displayed in an arbitrary format on the process management computer In addition to installing a process management computer in the office, check the operating status of the heavy equipment installed for tunnel construction. A tunnel that automatically detects the start and / or end of a specific work from the operating status of the construction heavy machinery, and displays the cycle time in any format on the process management computer. A cycle time measurement method in construction (conventional method 2) has been proposed.

JP 2003-138874 A

  However, in the case of the method of specifying the heavy machine type based on the voice analysis of the sound collected by the sound collecting microphone of the conventional method 1, an error in the analysis result is likely to occur, and it may be difficult to specify the heavy machine type. At the same time, when other work is congested, there is a problem that the accuracy of identifying the heavy machine is lowered when a lot of sounds other than the heavy machine generated sound are collected.

  In the conventional method 2, specifically, a current / voltage sensor is attached to an electric motor of a drilling device mounted on a wheel jumbo, or a pressure sensor is attached to a hydraulic device or the like. It is intended to detect the start and / or end of specific work from the operating status, but in this case too, it is difficult to specify the type of heavy equipment or the accuracy of specifying the heavy equipment is reduced only by determining the operating status of heavy equipment. There was a problem.

  Therefore, a main problem of the present invention is to enable accurate and automatic acquisition of cycle time measurement.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, as the present invention according to claim 1, a large number of wireless node groups that are interspersed in a tunnel and can communicate with each other under the condition of being within radio wave communication range by radio. A wireless communication network is constructed, a management computer capable of communicating with the wireless node is installed, and a mobile wireless terminal capable of performing wireless communication with the wireless node in a communication zone of the wireless node group is provided Each tunnel construction heavy machine is equipped,
The mobile radio terminal has an ID information transmission function for transmitting a self ID to a radio node, and the management computer uses the position information of the radio node registered in advance and the ID information of the mobile radio terminal in front of the face. Cycles by detecting the type of heavy construction equipment located in the tunnel, identifying the construction type from the type and layout pattern of the heavy construction equipment located in front of this tunnel face, and measuring the time of switching timing of this construction type Provided is a cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction, characterized in that time is automatically acquired.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, each tunnel construction heavy machine is equipped with a mobile radio terminal capable of performing radio communication with a radio node in a communication zone of a radio node group together with a radio communication network constructed in a tunnel tunnel. It is done. The mobile radio terminal has an ID information transmission function for transmitting a self ID to a radio node, and the management computer uses the pre-registered position information of the radio node and the ID information of the mobile radio terminal before the face. The type of tunnel construction heavy machine that is located is detected.

On the other hand, in the tunnel, drilling, charging, support construction, wheel jumbo for performing rock bolting work, gunpowder transporter, wheel loader for slipping, shear transport dump, for hitting Various tunnel construction heavy equipment such as breakers, backhoes, erectors for steel support construction, spraying robots for spraying work, mixer trucks, mortar carts for rock bolting work, etc. Depending on the construction type of the cycle process, a specific tunnel construction heavy machine will move to the front of the face and work will be performed, so the construction type is identified from the type and arrangement pattern of the tunnel construction heavy equipment located in front of the tunnel face , If the time of this construction type switching timing is measured , the cycle time can be automatically acquired. In the case of this method, the type of the tunnel construction heavy machine located in front of the face can be determined with high accuracy, so that cycle time measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

  As the present invention according to claim 2, the type and arrangement pattern information of the heavy equipment for tunnel construction located in front of the face is acquired from the self ID information of the mobile radio terminal received by the wireless node installed in front of the face of the tunnel. A cycle time measuring method in tunnel construction according to claim 1 is provided.

  The invention according to claim 2 acquires information on the type and arrangement pattern of the tunnel construction heavy equipment located in front of the face from the self-ID information of the mobile wireless terminal received by the wireless node installed in front of the face. It is. As a method of detecting the type and arrangement pattern of tunnel construction heavy equipment located in front of the tunnel face, the position of the tunnel construction heavy equipment moving in the tunnel mine is always known, and then the tunnel construction heavy equipment existing in front of the face is used. Although it is possible to specify, in the invention according to claim 2, since only the tunnel construction heavy machine existing before the tunnel face needs to be specified, which ID of the wireless node installed before the tunnel face is determined. By receiving the information, the type and arrangement pattern information of the heavy equipment for tunnel construction located in front of the face is easily acquired.

  As the present invention according to claim 3, the work mode of the total station installed in the tunnel mine for various surveying work is automatically changed based on the specific information of the construction type. 2. A cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction according to any one of 2 is provided.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the operation mode of the total station installed in the tunnel mine for various surveying operations is automatically changed based on the construction type specific information. The survey work in the tunnel mine is closely related to the tunnel work type, and each survey is performed according to the tunnel work type. If the work mode of the total station is automatically changed, the surveying work can be automated.

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, cycle time measurement can be performed automatically with high accuracy. Further, by automatically changing the work mode of the total station installed in the tunnel mine for various surveying operations based on the construction type specific information, the surveying work by the total station can be automated.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a wireless communication network 1 according to the present invention. It is the system system diagram. It is explanatory drawing of the construction procedure (the 1) of a personal area network. It is explanatory drawing of the construction procedure (the 2) of a personal area network. It is explanatory drawing of the joining procedure to the network of an additional wireless slave station node. (A) (B) is explanatory drawing of an information route selection function. (A) and (B) are layout diagrams of the wireless slave station node 3. It is a figure which shows the example of a cycle time display on the monitor screen of the management computer. It is a cycle process diagram of tunnel excavation. It is a drilling work situation diagram. It is a charge work situation figure. FIG. It is a winning work situation diagram. It is a spraying work situation figure. It is a survey work situation diagram by the total station.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[Construction of wireless communication network 1 in the tunnel]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication network 1 is interspersed and arranged in a tunnel, and can communicate with each other under conditions that are within radio wave communication possible distances by radio. A wireless communication network is constructed by the node groups 2, 3..., A management computer 7 that can communicate with the wireless node 2 is installed, and the wireless nodes 2, 3. It is provided in each tunnel construction heavy machine to which mobile radio terminals 4, 4.

  Here, the wireless node groups 2, 3... Are positioned above each wireless node group and have at least one wireless node (hereinafter referred to as a wireless master station node 2) having a coordinate function for overall management and adjustment. And other wireless nodes (hereinafter referred to as wireless slave station node 3).

  This will be described in more detail below.

  The wireless slave station node 3 autonomously detects adjacent wireless slave station nodes 3 and can self-organize a network capable of wireless communication, and can communicate with at least three adjacent wireless slave station nodes. And an information route selection function for arbitrarily selecting an information transmission route from two or more transmission side transmission routes excluding the reception side transmission route. Further, an information transmission function for acquiring information from the fixed information terminals 5, 5... And finally transmitting information to the wireless master station node 2 by the wireless communication network 1 and a microwave Doppler sensor 8 are provided. Also, a central processing unit (CPU) and a relayed information storage device are provided, and information can be input / output to / from the outside via an input / output interface.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the configuration of the apparatus is via a receiving modem 3a, a modulation converter 3b, a CPU + storage device section 3c, and a control I / F circuit 3d for receiving information from the fixed information terminal 5 and the mobile radio terminal 4. A wireless modem 3e for performing bidirectional communication with the wireless slave station 3 (or the wireless master station node 2), a DC power supply 3f, and a microwave Doppler sensor 8 are provided. Input / output interfaces 9 and 9 for the CPU + storage unit 3c are provided, and information can be input / output externally. In addition, a trigger signal transmitter 13 that transmits a trigger signal is provided in order to notify the mobile radio terminal 4 of the timing of transmitting the self ID.

  It is desirable that the radio frequency of the wireless slave station node 3 is 2.4ch band 16ch and the standard is IEEE 802.15.4. In this case, the transmission distance is 500 m or less.

  The self-organizing function means that wireless slave station nodes 3, 3,... Are scattered and arranged, and when the power is turned on, the wireless slave station nodes 3, 3,. Detects 3 ..., automatically builds a multi-pop network, and automatically adds to and removes from the network even when a new wireless slave node 3 is added or deleted This is a network member change function that automatically performs.

  The personal area network is constructed by the following procedure, for example.

[Network subscription calling process by the wireless master station node 2] (see FIG. 3)
(1-1) The wireless master station node 2 uses the wireless personal area network construction function to automatically measure the radio field intensity of a plurality of channels designated in advance from among available frequency channels after power-on.
(1-2) A channel that can be determined as an empty frequency channel is automatically selected to start a wireless personal area network.
(1-3) After determining the frequency channel, the wireless master station node 2 constructs a wireless personal area network and starts network control.
[Application subscribing process to wireless slave station node 3 network] (see FIG. 4)
(2-1) A wireless slave station node 3 around the wireless personal area network capable of wireless communication is turned on, and a wireless slave station node is automatically searched by channel scanning for a wireless personal area network that can be joined by a network search function. 3 Search for potential wireless master station nodes 2 around and make a beacon request.
(2-2) When the wireless slave station node 3 receives the beacon transmitted from the wireless master station node 2, the wireless slave station node 3 receives the wireless personal area network ID, frequency channel, subscription acceptance device of the wireless master station node 2 Register information such as ability.
(2-3) The wireless slave station node 3 obtains target channel information, and requests connection to the wireless master station node 2 with a connection request command to join the wireless personal area network.
(2-4) When the wireless master station node 2 permits the wireless slave station node 3 to apply for subscription, it issues a network address to the wireless slave station node 3 to join. The newly registered wireless slave node 3 is registered as a network member.
(2-5) Further, when the wireless master station node 2 succeeds in transmitting the subscription permission message to the wireless slave station node 3, it stores the new member's subscription.
(2-6) After the wireless slave station node 3 receives the permission to join, the state with the wireless master station node 2 is changed to the parent-child relationship, and the automatic joining process to the network is completed.
(2-7) Both the wireless master station node 2 and the wireless slave station node 3 start the existing independent relay function and configure a wireless personal area network.

  The network member change is performed, for example, according to the following procedure (see FIG. 5).

[Process of joining the network by adding wireless slave station nodes]
(3-1) A wireless slave station node 3 is newly added at a location where wireless communication is possible with at least one of the wireless master station node 2 of the wireless personal area network or the wireless slave station node 3 belonging to the wireless personal area network. . After the additional installation, the power is turned on to start up the newly added wireless slave node 3k.
(3-2) The newly added wireless slave node 3k autonomously searches for wireless networks that can be joined in the vicinity. Further, the existing wireless slave station node 3 in the periphery of the wireless network also searches for the new wireless slave station node 3k autonomously.
(3-3) When the newly added wireless slave node 3k finds the wireless slave node 3 by mutual search, it establishes a wireless connection with the neighboring wireless slave node 3 directly or by the autonomous relay function according to the application subscription process. Thus, a wireless network is configured.
(3-4) All the wireless slave station nodes 3 in the wireless network function as autonomous relay devices, and information that is transmitted between the wireless slave station node groups 3, 3,... Share.

  On the other hand, the information route selection function is a function for changing the transmission route in a detour when a failure occurs in a specific wireless slave node 3 or when the radio is interrupted due to a change in the radio wave environment. Yes, it is possible to maintain the robustness of the network.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, in the wireless slave node groups A to G, information is transmitted from the wireless slave node A to the wireless slave node G through a transmission route indicated by a bold arrow. If a failure occurs in the intermediate wireless slave node D while the wireless slave node C is in the state, the wireless slave node C transmits information to the wireless slave node E as a transmission path as shown in FIG. Change and keep the information transmitted to the wireless slave node G.

  In order to have such an information path selection function, each of the wireless slave station nodes 3, 3,... A transmission path on the transmission side must be secured. For example, the wireless link diagram shown in FIG. 7A is an example in which each wireless slave station node 3 is arranged in a zigzag shape so that a triangular mesh-like wireless link is formed. The nodes 3, 3... Have two transmission paths indicated by arrows as transmission-side transmission paths for each of the upstream direction and the downstream direction. FIG. 7B shows an example in which a wireless network in the form of a square mesh is formed with the wireless slave station nodes 3, 3. In this example, for each of the uplink direction and the downlink direction, two transmission paths indicated by arrows are held as transmission transmission paths, but one transmission path is shared between the uplink direction and the downlink direction. Become.

  The microwave Doppler sensor 8 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The microwave Doppler sensor 8 emits a microwave toward a target object moving from the transmitter, receives the reflected microwave by the receiver, and sends it to the signal control unit. This is a detector that compares the frequency with the transmitted wave, detects the phenomenon that the frequency of the received wave shifts in proportion to the movement of the target object (Doppler effect), and outputs a signal such as voltage. It is possible to detect the presence of heavy equipment for tunnel construction.

  On the other hand, the wireless master station node 2 has a function of storing acquired information, a function of displaying information on a connected monitor device and / or display board, and a gateway function of connecting to an external network infrastructure 12 as necessary. It has. As shown in FIG. 2, the device configuration is, for example, wide area wireless via a reception modem 2a for receiving information from the wireless slave station node 3, a modulation converter 2b, a CPU + storage device unit 2c, and a control I / F circuit 2d. A wireless modem 2e for connecting to a wireless infrastructure 12, such as a communication network, WiMAX broadband, mobile WiMAX, and the like, and a DC power source 2f, have input / output interfaces 9 and 9 for the CPU + storage device 2c, and are externally provided. Information can be input and output.

  A management computer 7 and a display board 6 are connected to the wireless master station node 2 to the input / output interfaces 9 and 9.

  Further, since the wireless master station node 2 has a connection function (gateway function) to the wireless infrastructure 12, as shown in FIG. 1, the management computer 7 or the like via the network connection device 11 installed at a remote place. Information acquired at the construction site can be displayed on the display board 6 in real time.

  On the other hand, the fixed information terminal 5 has various information input functions through an input interface. As shown in FIG. 2, the device configuration is composed of a sensor I / F 5a, a control I / F circuit 5b, a transmission modem 5c, and a DC power source 5d, and includes an emergency notification button. For the sensor I / F 5a, sensor cables from various sensors installed in the mine and in the ground, excavators such as tunnel boring machines and free section excavators, mortar or concrete sprayers, drill jumbo, etc. Signal cables for various measurement / operation information sent from construction machines are connected.

  The mobile radio terminal 4 has an ID information transmission function for transmitting a self ID in response to a trigger signal from the radio slave station nodes 3, 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the device configuration is composed of a control I / F circuit 4b, a transmission modem 4c, and a DC power source 4d, and includes an emergency notification button. Further, a weak wireless terminal 14 is provided for receiving a trigger signal from the wireless slave station node 3. If the wireless slave station node 3 detects a tunnel construction heavy machine by the microwave Doppler sensor 8, the wireless slave station node 3 transmits a trigger signal at that time, and the mobile radio terminal 4 Only when the trigger signal is received, the transmitting modem 4c transmits the self ID to the wireless slave node 3.

  The ID information of the mobile wireless terminal 4 is transmitted to the wireless master station node 2 through the wireless communication network 8 together with the ID information of the wireless slave station node 3 that has detected the tunnel construction heavy machine. Is identified, and the position of the heavy equipment for tunnel construction is determined from the position information of the wireless slave station node 3 registered in advance.

  In order to improve the position detection accuracy of the heavy equipment for tunnel construction, according to the desired position accuracy between the wireless slave station nodes 3, 3. An interpolating wireless node having a trigger signal transmission function for the mobile radio terminal 4 and an ID information reception function from the mobile radio terminal 4 may be arranged.

  By the way, in the above embodiment, in order to extend the battery life of the wireless slave station node 3 and the mobile wireless terminal 4, if the mobile object is detected by the microwave Doppler sensor, the wireless slave station node 3 A trigger signal is transmitted to the mobile radio terminal 4, and the mobile radio terminal 4 transmits its own ID only when the trigger signal is received from the wireless slave station node 3. The terminal 4 may continuously or intermittently transmit its own ID, and the wireless slave node 3 may receive this signal.

  In order to improve the position detection accuracy of heavy equipment for tunnel construction, each of the wireless slave station nodes 3, 3... Has a function of measuring the electric field intensity of a radio signal from the mobile radio terminal 4. Using the fact that is inversely proportional to the distance, the position of each tunnel construction heavy machine may be detected based on the measured electric field strength values at at least three points.

[Cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction]
In order to automatically and accurately acquire the tunnel construction cycle time, in the present invention, the position before the face is determined from the self ID information of the mobile wireless terminals 4, 4... Received by the wireless node 3 installed before the tunnel face. The type of the tunnel construction heavy machine is detected, and the cycle time is automatically acquired by specifying the construction type from the type and arrangement pattern of the tunnel construction heavy machine located in front of the tunnel face.

  This will be described in more detail below.

  In the tunnel, drilling, charging, support construction, wheel jumbo for performing rock bolting work, gunpowder transporter, wheel loader for slipping, shear transporter dumper, breaker for hitting Various tunnel construction heavy equipment such as backhoe, erector for steel support construction, spraying robot for spraying work, mixer truck, mortar truck for rock bolt driving work, etc. are arranged. And according to the construction type, a specific tunnel construction heavy machine moves to the front of the face and performs work.

  The tunnel excavation procedure shown in Fig. 9 is an example of a mini-bench method that excavates by simultaneous work in the upper and lower half, and the upper half bench length is extremely shortened to 3 to 5.5 m. , After performing rock bolt drilling and charge hole / charge in each of the upper and lower halves, cut the upper and lower halves at once (blasting), and then pull out → hit → primary spray It is an example of tunnel construction method that works in the sequence of → support construction → secondary spraying → rock bolt placement.

従って、切羽前に設置してある無線子局ノード３がトンネル切羽前に位置するトンネル施工重機から受信したＩＤ情報から重機種別及び配置パターンを判別することにより工事種別を特定することができ、この工事種別の切替えタイミングの時刻を計測することによりサイクルタイムを自動的に取得することが可能となる。図８は、このようにして自動的に取得したサイクルタイムを管理用コンピュータ７のモニタ画面に特定の形式で表示させたものである。各作業項目の種別及び時刻データは、１サイクルの工程が終了した時点で集計されるとともに、日毎、週毎および月毎に平均サイクルタイムが集計される。図中では他に、支保建込み集計および総サイクルタイム集計の表示が可能になっているとともに、上段には作業項目毎の時間表示が成されるようになっている。 In the example of this tunnel construction method, as shown in Table 1 below, a specific heavy machine for tunnel construction is located in front of the face according to each work.

Therefore, the wireless slave station node 3 installed in front of the face can identify the construction type by identifying the heavy equipment type and the arrangement pattern from the ID information received from the tunnel construction heavy equipment located in front of the tunnel face. The cycle time can be automatically acquired by measuring the time of the construction type switching timing. FIG. 8 shows the cycle time automatically acquired in this way displayed on the monitor screen of the management computer 7 in a specific format. The type and time data of each work item are totaled when the process of one cycle is completed, and the average cycle time is totaled every day, every week, and every month. In addition to the above, it is possible to display support built-in totals and total cycle time totals, and the upper part displays time for each work item.

  On the other hand, in the tunnel tunnel, as shown in FIG. 15, in addition to the basic functions of distance measurement and angle measurement, laser irradiation, automatic collimation function, collimation tracking function, and automatic leveling correction function are provided behind the face. A total station 20 is provided, and various surveying and marking are performed.

This surveying work is closely related to the tunnel work type, and each surveying is performed according to the tunnel work type. Accordingly, as shown in the figure, when the cycle process information is acquired from the wireless slave node 3, the controller 21 automatically changes the work mode of the total station 20. As a specific example, survey items for each work type of each cycle process are listed in Table 2 below.

[Other examples]
(1) If the display plate 6 is installed at the wellhead and / or in the well and the current cycle process work is displayed, it is possible for a worker or the like to quickly grasp the work status.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wireless communication network, 2 ... Wireless master station node, 3 ... Wireless slave station node, 4 ... Mobile wireless terminal, 5 ... Fixed information terminal, 6 ... Display board, 7 ... Management computer, 9 ... Input / output interface

Claims (3)

A wireless communication network is constructed by a large number of wireless node groups that are interspersed in a tunnel and can communicate with each other under the condition that they are within radio wave communication distance by wireless, and can communicate with the wireless nodes. Each of the tunnel construction heavy equipment is equipped with a mobile wireless terminal capable of wireless communication with a wireless node in the communication zone of the wireless node group.
The mobile radio terminal has an ID information transmission function for transmitting a self ID to a radio node, and the management computer uses the position information of the radio node registered in advance and the ID information of the mobile radio terminal in front of the face. Cycles by detecting the type of heavy construction equipment located in the tunnel, identifying the construction type from the type and layout pattern of the heavy construction equipment located in front of this tunnel face, and measuring the time of switching timing of this construction type A cycle time measuring method in tunnel construction, characterized in that time is automatically acquired.   The type and arrangement pattern information of the heavy equipment for tunnel construction located in front of the face is obtained from the self-ID information of the mobile radio terminal received by the wireless node installed in front of the face of the tunnel. Cycle time measurement method in tunnel construction.   In tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the work mode of the total station installed in the tunnel mine for various surveying work is automatically changed based on the specific information of the construction type. Cycle time measurement method.

Images