JP5359027B2 - Permanent magnet structure and apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permanent magnet structure which produces stronger magnetic field compared with that in the prior art. <P>SOLUTION: The permanent magnet structure (20) includes a first magnet set (12) containing a plurality of first magnets (12a, 12b) arranged in a prescribed arrangement direction, and a second magnet set 14 containing at least one of second magnets (14a, 14b) arranged on one face, either of the surface or the backside of the first magnet set. The plurality of first magnets (12a, 12b) are magnetized in the arrangement direction, and the adjacent first magnets (12a, 12b) are magnetized inversely to each other. The N-pole of the second magnet set (14) is arranged at the boundary position between the N-poles of the first magnet set (12), and the S-pole of the second magnet set (14) is arranged at the boundary position between the S-poles of the first magnet set (12). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet structure and various apparatuses using the permanent magnet structure.

  A permanent magnet structure in which a plurality of magnets are combined is used in various devices such as a brushless electric machine. A brushless electric machine is a term having a meaning including a brushless motor and a brushless generator. As a brushless motor, for example, one described in Patent Document 1 below is known.

JP 2001-298882 A

  Conventionally, there has been a desire to further improve the efficiency by strengthening the magnetic field in the motor. However, conventionally, there has been a problem that it is difficult to further improve the efficiency due to restrictions such as a material for permanent magnets. Further, a permanent magnet structure capable of generating a stronger magnetic field has been desired for applications other than motors.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet structure capable of generating a stronger magnetic field than before and various apparatuses using the permanent magnet structure.

SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and the invention can be implemented as the following forms or application examples.
A first aspect of the present invention is a permanent magnet structure,
A first magnet set including a plurality of first magnets arranged along a predetermined arrangement direction ;
A second magnet set including at least one second magnet disposed on one of a front surface and a back surface of the first magnet set;
A third magnet set including a plurality of third magnets provided on a surface of the second magnet set opposite to the first magnet set;
With
The plurality of first magnets are respectively magnetized along the arrangement direction, and adjacent first magnets are magnetized in opposite directions to each other,
The N pole of the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the N poles of the first magnet set, and the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the S poles of the first magnet set. S poles are arranged,
The plurality of third magnets are magnetized along the arrangement direction, and adjacent third magnets are magnetized in opposite directions,
The N pole of the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the N poles of the third magnet set, and the second magnet set is positioned at the boundary position between the S poles of the third magnet set. A permanent magnet structure in which the S poles are arranged.
According to this permanent magnet structure, since the magnetic field at the boundary between the same poles of the first magnet set is strengthened by the same pole of the second magnet set, it is possible to generate a stronger magnetic field than before. It is. Further, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field from both the first magnet set and the third magnet set toward the outside.

[Application Example 1]
A permanent magnet structure,
A first magnet set including a plurality of first magnets arranged along a predetermined arrangement direction;
A second magnet set including at least one second magnet disposed on one of a front surface and a back surface of the first magnet set;
With
The plurality of first magnets are respectively magnetized along the arrangement direction, and adjacent first magnets are magnetized in directions opposite to each other,
The N pole of the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the N poles of the first magnet set, and the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the S poles of the first magnet set. A permanent magnet structure in which the S poles are arranged.
According to this permanent magnet structure, since the magnetic field at the boundary between the same poles of the first magnet set is strengthened by the same pole of the second magnet set, it is possible to generate a stronger magnetic field than before. It is.

[Application Example 2]
The permanent magnet structure according to claim 1,
The second magnet set includes a permanent magnet structure including a plurality of second magnets magnetized in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the first magnet set.
According to this structure, the magnetic field at the boundary between the same poles of the first magnet set can be enhanced by the same pole of the second magnet set.

[Application Example 3]
The permanent magnet structure according to claim 1,
The second magnet set includes a permanent magnet structure including a polar anisotropic magnet in which N poles and S poles are alternately and repeatedly provided on one magnet body as the second magnet.
According to this structure, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field while using a smaller number of magnets as the second magnet set.

[Application Example 4]
The permanent magnet structure according to claim 1,
The second magnet set includes a plurality of second magnets,
The plurality of second magnets are each magnetized along the arrangement direction, and adjacent second magnets are magnetized in directions opposite to each other.
According to this structure, a strong magnetic field can be obtained using substantially the same configuration as the first and second magnet sets.

[Application Example 5]
The permanent magnet structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
A third magnet set including a plurality of third magnets provided on a surface of the second magnet set opposite to the first magnet set;
The plurality of third magnets are respectively magnetized along the arrangement direction, and the adjacent third magnets are magnetized in directions opposite to each other,
The N pole of the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the N poles of the third magnet set, and the second magnet set is positioned at the boundary position between the S poles of the third magnet set. A permanent magnet structure in which the S poles are arranged.
According to this structure, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field outward from both the first magnet set and the third magnet set.

[Application Example 6]
A brushless electric machine,
A first member having the permanent magnet structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
A second member having an electromagnetic coil;
Brushless electric machine with

[Application Example 7]
A brushless electric machine according to Application Example 6,
A control circuit for controlling supply of electric power to the electromagnetic coil or regeneration of electric power from the electromagnetic coil;
The control circuit includes:
(I) regenerative control for regenerating electric power generated in the electromagnetic coil in accordance with relative movement between the first and second members;
(Ii) drive control for operating the brushless electric machine by supplying a drive current to the electromagnetic coil;
A brushless electric machine capable of performing at least one of the following.
According to this configuration, it is possible to realize a brushless motor or a brushless generator that can efficiently use a strong magnetic field having a permanent magnet structure.

  The present invention can be realized in various forms. In addition to the permanent magnet structure, various devices using the permanent magnet structure (for example, electric motors, generators, actuators and electronic devices using them, Mobile body, robot, etc.) and their control methods.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following order.
A. Magnet module configuration:
B. Application example of magnet module:
C. Circuit configuration:
D. Variations:

A. Magnet module configuration:
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a magnet module in the first embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the magnet module is also referred to as “permanent magnet structure” or “magnet assembly”. The magnet module 20 includes a first magnet set 12, a second magnet set 14 for magnetic field enhancement, and a magnetic yoke 18. The first magnet set 12 includes a plurality of first permanent magnets 12a and 12b that are magnetized in the horizontal direction (also referred to as “arrangement direction”) in the drawing, and adjacent first permanent magnets 12a and 12b. They are magnetized in opposite directions. Therefore, the N poles or the S poles are adjacent to each other at the boundary between the adjacent first permanent magnets 12a and 12b. The adjacent permanent magnets 12a and 12b are preferably in close contact with each other. The second magnet set 14 includes a plurality of second permanent magnets 14a and 14b magnetized in the vertical direction in the figure, and the adjacent second permanent magnets 14a and 14b are magnetized in opposite directions. ing. The N pole and S pole on the upper surface side of the second magnet set 14 are arranged at the boundary between the N poles and the boundary between the S poles of the first magnet set 12. In this example, the first permanent magnets 12a and 12b and the second permanent magnets 14a and 14b have the same horizontal size. The magnetic yoke 18 is a ferromagnetic member for reducing leakage of magnetic flux density to the lower side of the second magnet set 14. However, the magnetic yoke 18 can be omitted.

  In the magnet module 20, since the N poles or the S poles are adjacent to each other at the boundary between the permanent magnets 12a and 12b in the first magnet set 12, a strong magnetic field is generated upward from these boundaries. The magnetic field at the boundary between the permanent magnets 12a and 12b is further strengthened by the magnetic poles of the second magnet set 14 for magnetic field enhancement. An example of the surface magnetic flux distribution near the upper surface of the magnet module 20 is shown in the upper part of FIG. The surface magnetic flux density of the magnet module 20 reaches a value two to three times the surface magnetic flux density of one magnet 12a (or 12b). Therefore, the use of this strong magnetic field can further increase the efficiency of various devices. Further, in the magnet module 20, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 1, a surface magnetic flux distribution having a substantially sinusoidal shape is obtained. Therefore, there is an advantage that a sinusoidal magnetic field distribution can be obtained without the need to magnetize individual magnets sinusoidally.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the magnet module in the second embodiment. This magnet module 20a is different from the first embodiment in that the second magnet set 14 of FIG. 1 is replaced with one magnet 14c and that the magnetic yoke 18 is omitted. The second magnet 14c is a polar anisotropic magnet in which N poles and S poles are alternately and repeatedly provided. A curved arrow drawn inside the second magnet 14c represents the direction of the magnetic flux. That is, the polar anisotropic magnet 14c is magnetized so that a curvilinear magnetic flux is formed in the magnet. Even if such a polar anisotropic magnet 14c is used, if the N pole and the S pole are arranged so as to coincide with the N pole and the S pole of the first magnet set 12, respectively, substantially the same as in the first embodiment. A similar strong magnetic field can be generated upward. Further, since the polar anisotropic magnet 14c can make the peak value of the surface magnetic flux higher than that of the second magnet set 14 of FIG. 1, a stronger magnetic field is generated upward of the first magnet set 12. Is possible. Further, since the magnetic flux does not leak downward in the polar anisotropic magnet 14c, there is an advantage that the efficiency of the magnetic flux is hardly lowered even if the magnetic yoke is omitted.

  FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the magnet module in the third embodiment. This magnet module 20b is different from the first embodiment in that the second magnet set 14 of FIG. 1 is replaced with the first magnet set 12. That is, in the magnet module 20b, the same magnet set 12 is stacked in two stages. However, the lower magnet set 12 is used for magnetic field enhancement. Also in this magnet module 20b, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field above the same as in the first embodiment. The magnet set 12 may be stacked in three or more stages.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the magnet module in the fourth embodiment. This magnet module 20c is different from the first embodiment in that a groove 16 is provided in the center of the upper surface of each magnet of the first magnet set 12c. These groove portions 16 are for use as positioning portions or fixing portions when the magnet module 20c is installed in various devices (for example, motors). The magnet module 20c further has a third magnet set 15 installed on the end face thereof. The third magnet set 15 is for strengthening the magnetic field at the end surfaces of the first magnet set 12 c and the second magnet set 14. Therefore, the plurality of magnets 15a and 15b of the third magnet set 15 are arranged along the arrangement direction y of the first magnet set 12c, and are magnetized along the longitudinal direction x of the first magnet set 12c. Has been. Adjacent magnets 15a and 15b are magnetized in opposite directions. The dashed line drawn on the end surfaces of the first magnet set 12 c and the second magnet set 14 indicates the surface with which the magnet 15 a at the left end of the third magnet set 15 contacts. At this position, the N pole of the magnet 15a at the left end of the third magnet set 15 is in contact with the N pole of the first magnet set 12c, so that the magnetic field at this position is further strengthened. The same applies to the S pole. Therefore, it is possible to further strengthen the magnetic field at the end of the magnet module 20c in the longitudinal direction.

  FIG. 5A is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the magnet module in the fifth embodiment. This magnet module 20d is different from the first embodiment in that the magnetic yoke 18 of FIG. 1 is replaced with a first magnet set 12d. However, the position of the magnetic pole of the lower first magnet set 12d is opposite to that of the upper first magnet set 12u. The magnet module 20d can generate strong magnetic fields in the opposite directions above and below the magnetic module 20d, so that there is an advantage that the utilization efficiency of the magnetic flux is further improved.

  FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the magnet module in the sixth embodiment. This magnet module is obtained by facing the magnet module 20 of FIG. According to this magnet module, since a strong magnetic field is formed in the gap G, various devices using this magnetic field can be operated efficiently.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of a method for manufacturing a magnet module. In FIG. 6A, first, a plurality of non-excited magnet members MMH and MMV are prepared, and a magnet member structure MS in which these are laminated in a brick wall shape in two stages is generated. Here, it is preferable that the crystal direction (usually the C-axis direction) of the first magnet member MMH in the unmagnetized state is horizontal orientation and the crystal direction of the second magnet member MMV is vertical orientation. That is, the crystal direction of each magnet member is preferably matched with the direction in which it is desired to be magnetized. Each magnet member MMH, MMV has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. It is preferable to insert a non-magnetic member NM between the adjacent magnet members MMH and MMV. Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the upper and lower sides of the magnet member structure MS are sandwiched by the magnetizing jig 400, and the magnetizing process is executed. In this example, the magnetizing jig 400 has an upper magnet part 410 and a lower magnet part 420. These magnet portions 410 and 420 are formed by arranging unit magnets 430 having the same pitch as the magnet members MMH and MMV. Each unit magnet 430 generates a magnetic field in the vertical direction of the figure, and adjacent unit magnets 430 generate a magnetic field in the reverse direction. As the unit magnet 430, an electromagnet may be used, or a permanent magnet may be used. The upper magnet portion 410 is arranged so that the center of each unit magnet 430 coincides with the boundary of the upper magnet member MMH. Further, the lower magnet unit 420 is arranged such that the center of each unit magnet 430 coincides with the center of the lower magnet member MMV. When the magnetizing process is performed with such a magnetizing jig, a magnet structure including the first magnet set 12 and the second magnet set 14 is obtained as shown in FIG. 6C. And the magnet module 20 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained by installing the magnetic yoke 18 in the lower surface of this magnet structure.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing another example of a method for manufacturing a magnet module. In FIG. 7A, first, a plurality of non-excited magnet members MMH and MMV are prepared, and a magnet member structure MS is generated in which these are laminated in a brick wall shape in three stages. As in the example of FIG. 6, the first magnet member MMH has a crystal orientation (usually the C-axis direction) as a horizontal orientation, and the second magnet member MMV has a crystal orientation as a vertical orientation. It is preferable to match. Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, the upper and lower sides of the magnet member structure MS are sandwiched by the magnetizing jig 400, and the magnetizing process is executed. When the magnetizing process is performed with such a magnetizing jig, as shown in FIG. 7C, the second magnet set 14 exists at the center and the first magnet set 12 exists on both sides thereof. A structure is obtained. This magnet structure has the structure of the magnet module 20d shown in FIG.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing still another example of a method for manufacturing a magnet module. In FIG. 8A, first, a plurality of non-excited magnet members MM are prepared, and a magnet member structure MS in which these are configured in a ring shape is generated. The magnet member MM has a shape obtained by dividing a hollow cylinder into six parts. The crystal direction of the magnet member MM is preferably matched with the magnetization direction (here, the circumferential direction). It is preferable to insert a non-magnetic member NM between two adjacent magnet members MM. Next, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, a molding process is performed in which the periphery of the structure MS is covered with the shape maintaining member FM. The shape holding member FM is a member for preventing the magnet member structure MS from falling apart, and can be made of various materials such as resin, metal, and ceramics. By magnetizing the molded structure MSa with a magnetizing device, a magnet structure MSb including a ring-shaped magnet set 12 is obtained as shown in FIG. 8C. A magnet module MSc shown in FIG. 8D is obtained by fitting the second magnet 14 set magnetized with polar anisotropy to the inner peripheral side of the magnet structure MSb. As the second magnet set 14, one polar anisotropic magnet may be used, or a magnet set obtained by combining a plurality of divided magnets may be used. This magnet module MS has substantially the same configuration as the magnet modules 20, 20a, and 20b shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and has a permanent magnet structure that generates a strong magnetic field toward the outside.

  In addition, instead of the method of FIGS. 6-8, you may produce the various magnet modules as shown in FIGS. 1-5 by laminating | stacking the permanent magnet manufactured separately. In this case, a nonmagnetic member may be interposed between adjacent magnets, or the magnets may be brought into direct contact with each other.

  In the application example of the magnet module described below, the above-described various magnet modules are used to configure a motor or a generator using the strong magnetic field. Since the above-described various magnet modules are alternately arranged with S poles and N poles, they are mainly used as a permanent magnet structure for AC driving. As the shape of the magnet module, any other shape other than the hollow cylindrical shape can be adopted. Also, in the following description of the application examples, a first magnet set composed of a plurality of permanent magnets sequentially magnetized in reverse directions, and a second magnet set for magnetic field enhancement, unless particularly required. The magnet module including is simply referred to as “magnet module 20”. The specific shape of the magnet module 20 in each application example is appropriately changed according to the application example.

B. Application example of magnet module:
FIG. 9A is a secondary sectional view showing the configuration of a two-phase brushless linear motor as a first application example of a permanent magnet structure, and FIG. 9B is a transverse sectional view thereof. The linear motor 100a includes a first member including the magnet module 20 and a second member including two-phase electromagnetic coils 30A and 30B. The magnet module 20 has substantially the same basic configuration as that shown in FIG. However, in the example of FIG. 9, the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the magnet module 20 each have a hollow prismatic shape. The strongest magnetic field direction is a radial direction from the inside to the outside of the magnet module 20. As shown in FIG. 9A, the two-phase electromagnetic coils 30A and 30B are arranged so as to be shifted from each other by a half of the vertical width (pitch). The vertical width (pitch) of each coil is equal to the vertical width of each magnet of the first magnet set 12. The current direction of the electromagnetic coils 30A and 30B is the horizontal direction in FIG. 9A, which corresponds to the direction (clockwise or counterclockwise direction) along the plane of FIG. 9B.

  FIG. 9B shows a horizontal cross section at the boundary position between the N poles of the first magnet set 12. In this cross section, when a current flows through one or both of the electromagnetic coils 30A and 30B along the current direction CD, a driving force acts on the electromagnetic coils 30A and 30B in the direction from the back of the drawing to the front. Contrary to FIG. 9B, in the horizontal cross section at the boundary between the south poles of the first magnet set 12, when a current flows in the opposite direction to FIG. 9B, the current flows in the same direction as FIG. Driving force is generated. The directions of the currents of the individual electromagnetic coils 30 </ b> A and 30 </ b> B are switched at a timing at which the individual electromagnetic coils pass through the central position of the individual magnets of the second magnet set 12 (that is, the position where the magnetic poles are switched). This switching can be performed by detecting the position of the magnet module 20 using a position sensor (not shown).

  Thus, in this brushless linear motor 100a, it is possible to operate the magnet module 20 along the drive direction DD (vertical direction) in FIG. 9A by passing a drive current through the electromagnetic coils 30A and 30B. is there. Moreover, in this linear motor 100a, since a strong magnetic field is generated from the magnet module 20, it is possible to realize an efficient motor using this strong magnetic field.

  FIGS. 10A to 10C are explanatory views showing a configuration of an actuator mechanism as a second application example of a permanent magnet structure. This actuator mechanism 100b is provided with an electromagnetic coil 30 above the magnet module 20. The magnet module 20 is arranged along the moving direction (the direction of the arrow). The electromagnetic coil 30 is provided with a position sensor 80 (magnetic sensor) for detecting the position of the magnet module 20. In the actuator mechanism 100b, the magnet module 20 can be moved in the range of FIGS. 10A to 10C by passing a current through the electromagnetic coil 30. FIG. 10A shows a state where the vicinity of the right end of the magnet module 20 has reached the center of the electromagnetic coil 30. More specifically, at this position, the boundary between the N poles of the magnet module 20 reaches the center position of the electromagnetic coil 30. FIG. 10C shows a state in which the vicinity of the left end of the magnet module 20 has reached the center of the electromagnetic coil 30. In addition, when moving the magnet module 20 from the center position (FIG. 10 (B)) to the right end position (FIG. 10 (A)) and when moving it to the left end position (FIG. 10 (C)), the electromagnetic coil 30 The flowing current is in the opposite direction.

  FIGS. 11A to 11C are explanatory views showing the configuration of an actuator mechanism as a third application example of a permanent magnet structure. This actuator mechanism 100c is obtained by adding another magnet module 20 above the electromagnetic coil 30 in the mechanism of FIG. In this actuator mechanism 100c, it is possible to apply a force approximately twice as large as that of the mechanism of FIG. 10 between the electromagnetic coil 30 and the two magnet modules 20. Note that the magnetic circuit may be closed by connecting the upper and lower electromagnetic yoke members 18 with the electromagnetic yoke members.

  FIG. 12 is a secondary sectional view showing a configuration of a two-phase brushless motor as a fourth application example of a permanent magnet structure. The rotary motor 100 d includes a rotor (first member) including the magnet module 20 and a stator (second member) including the electromagnetic coil 30. The electromagnetic coil 30 is fixed to the inner periphery of the casing 130. The upper shaft 110 and the lower shaft 120 of the rotor are held by bearings 112 and 122, respectively. The magnet module 20 has a configuration in which the first magnet set 12 is disposed on the outer peripheral side and the second magnet set 14 is disposed on the inner peripheral side. That is, the magnet module 20 has a hollow cylindrical structure as shown in FIG. 8D, and generates the strongest magnetic field on the outside. Since the magnet module 20 shown in FIG. 8D has N and S poles alternately arranged on the outer periphery, a two-phase electromagnetic coil 30 is installed in accordance with this.

  Magnetic yoke members 18 are provided at both ends (upper and lower ends) of the magnet module 20. The lower end portion of the magnet module 20 is connected to the lower shaft 120 by a fixing screw 124. On the other hand, a spring 114 is provided around the upper shaft 110 connected to the upper end portion of the magnet module 20, and the upper end of the magnet module 20 receives a pressing force from the inner surface of the casing 130 by the spring 114. However, such a connection structure is merely an example, and other various connection structures can be employed. When a current in the current direction CD flows through the electromagnetic coil 30, the rotor is driven. However, this current direction is switched at the center position (position at which the magnetic pole is switched) of each magnet of the first magnet set 12 (see FIG. 8D).

  FIG. 13A is a secondary sectional view showing a configuration of a brushless motor as a fifth application example of a permanent magnet structure, and FIG. 13B is a longitudinal sectional view showing only the magnet module 20e. In this rotary motor 100e, as shown in FIG. 13B, an annular space 22 is provided in the magnet module 20e in addition to the space for the central axis. The stator electromagnetic coil 30 is inserted into the annular space 22. The whole magnet module 20e is considered to be composed of a small-diameter magnet module 20S disposed inside the annular space 22 and a large-diameter magnet module 20L disposed outside the annular space 22. It is also possible. The small-diameter magnet module 20S has a configuration in which the first magnet set 12 is arranged on the outer peripheral side and the second magnet set 14 for magnetic field enhancement is arranged on the inner peripheral side. This configuration is almost the same as that shown in FIG. On the other hand, the large-diameter magnet module 20L has a configuration in which the first magnet set 12 is disposed on the inner peripheral side and the second magnet set 14 for magnetic field enhancement is disposed on the outer peripheral side. The entire magnet module 20 e has a substantially cylindrical shape, and the entire outer periphery thereof is covered with the magnetic yoke member 18. If the magnet module 20e and the electromagnetic coil 30 are configured in this way, since opposite magnetic fields exist in the coil portions on both sides of the core of the electromagnetic coil 30, the coil portions on both sides of the electromagnetic coil 30 have the same direction. It is possible to generate a driving force.

  FIG. 14: is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the single phase brushless motor as a 6th application example of a permanent magnet structure. The brushless motor 100f is an outer rotor type motor in which a substantially cylindrical stator 60 is disposed on the inner side and a substantially cylindrical rotor 50 is disposed on the outer side. The stator 60 includes four coils 30 arranged in a substantially cross shape and a magnetic sensor 80 for detecting the position of the rotor 50 (that is, the phase of the motor). Each coil 30 is provided with a magnetic yoke 32 formed of a ferromagnetic material. The magnetic yoke 32 is a member for stopping the rotor 50 at a predetermined position shifted from phase 0 or phase π when the motor stops. For this reason, the magnetic yoke 32 has a center of gravity at a position shifted from the center of the electromagnetic coil 30. By doing so, the motor stops at a position where the rotor 50 deviates from the phase 0 or the phase π, so that the motor can be started without providing a separate starting coil. The coil 30 and the magnetic sensor 80 are fixed on the circuit board 140 (FIG. 14B). The circuit board 140 is fixed to the casing 130. The lid of the casing 130 is not shown.

  The rotor 50 has a hollow cylindrical magnet module 20, and a rotating shaft 110 is provided at the center of the rotor 50. The rotating shaft 110 is supported by a bearing portion 112 (FIG. 14B). An effective magnetic field direction of the magnet module 20 is a direction from the outer periphery toward the rotating shaft 110. The magnet module 20 has a configuration in which the first magnet set 12 is disposed on the inner peripheral side and the second magnet set 14 is disposed on the outer peripheral side. Accordingly, in FIG. 14A, the magnet module 20 generates a strong magnetic field toward the inner peripheral side. A magnetic yoke 18 is provided on the outer periphery of the second magnet set 14, but the magnetic yoke 18 may be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 14A, the first magnet set 12 of the magnet module 20 has a configuration in which four small magnets having a ring-divided shape (divided ring shape) are combined in a ring shape. . Further, around the magnet module 20, groove portions 24 d are provided at positions of three boundaries among the four boundaries between the small magnets. These groove portions 24d are engaged with the convex portions of the magnetic yoke 18 on the outer periphery thereof. When the motor is assembled, the magnet module 20 can be positioned by fitting the groove 24d of the magnet module 20 to the convex portion of the magnetic yoke 18. In addition, the groove part 24d is not provided in one of the four boundaries of a small magnet. This is because the magnet module 20 is positioned in accordance with the presence or absence of the groove 24d. Note that another frame member may be used in place of the magnetic yoke 18, and a convex portion that engages with the groove 24 d of the magnet module 20 may be provided on the inner periphery of the frame member. Moreover, a convex part may be provided in the magnet module 20, and a groove part may be provided in the outer frame member.

  The electromagnetic coil 30 is wound in a direction crossing the magnetic field direction formed by the magnet module 20. In FIG. 14A, since the magnetic field direction exists in the radial direction with the axis 110 as the center, the coil 30 is also wound in the direction perpendicular to the radial direction. In FIG. 14B, the magnetic field direction is the vertical direction, and the coil 30 is wound in the horizontal direction. In this brushless motor 100f, since a strong magnetic field is generated at the boundary of the magnetic poles of the first magnet set 12 of the magnet module 20, it is possible to realize an efficient motor.

  FIG. 15: is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the single phase brushless motor as a 7th application example of a permanent magnet structure. This motor 100g is obtained by increasing the number of electromagnetic coils and magnets (divided ring-shaped small magnets constituting a magnet module) of the motor 100f of the sixth application example shown in FIG. Is almost the same as FIG. Also with this motor 100g, a highly efficient motor can be realized as in the sixth application example.

  FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a two-phase brushless motor as an eighth application example of a permanent magnet structure. The brushless motor 100g is an inner rotor type motor in which a substantially cylindrical stator 60 is disposed on the outer side and a substantially cylindrical rotor 50 is disposed on the inner side. Stator 60 has a plurality of A-phase coils 30 </ b> A and a plurality of B-phase coils 30 </ b> B arranged along the inner periphery of casing 130. In FIG. 16A, for convenience of illustration, reference numerals “A” and “B” indicating phases are omitted from the reference numerals “30A” and “30B” of the coils. The stator 60 is further provided with a magnetic sensor 80 as a position sensor for detecting the phase of the rotor 50. As the magnetic sensor 80, it is preferable to provide two sensors for A phase and B phase. The electromagnetic coil 30 and the magnetic sensor 80 are fixed on the circuit board 140 (FIG. 16A). The circuit board 140 is fixed to the casing 130.

  The rotor 50 has the magnet module 20 on the outer periphery thereof, and a rotating shaft 110 is provided at the center of the rotor 50. The rotating shaft 110 is supported by a bearing portion 112 (FIG. 16A). In this example, a coil panel 114 is provided inside the casing 130, and the magnet panel 20 is positioned by the coil panel 114 pushing the magnet module 20 leftward in the figure. However, the coil panel 114 can be omitted.

  The magnetization direction of the magnet module 20 in the brushless motor 100h is a direction radially outward from the rotating shaft 110. The magnet module 20 has a configuration in which the first magnet set 12 is disposed on the outer peripheral side, and the second magnet set 14 for magnetic field enhancement is disposed on the inner side. Therefore, a strong magnetic field is generated along the direction from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the magnet module 20.

  The electromagnetic coil 30 is wound in a direction crossing the magnetic field direction formed by the magnet module 20. In FIG. 16A, the magnetic field direction is the vertical direction, and the coil 30 is wound in the horizontal direction. In FIG. 16B, since the magnetic field direction is in the radial direction centering on the axis 110, the coil 30 is also wound around the radial direction in the direction perpendicular thereto. Even in the two-phase brushless motor 100h, it is possible to realize an efficient motor by using the strong magnetic field of the magnet module 20.

  FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a two-phase brushless motor as a ninth application example of a permanent magnet structure. This motor 100i is obtained by adding a magnetic core 34 to the electromagnetic coil 30 (30A, 30B) of the motor 100h of the eighth application example shown in FIG. 16, and the other configuration is substantially the same as FIG. is there. Also with this motor 100i, as in the eighth application example, a highly efficient motor can be realized.

  FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing an example of a rotor structure for an inner rotor type motor. This rotor 50 shows the rotor structure employed in the eighth application example (FIG. 16) and the ninth application example (FIG. 17). Thus, the 1st magnet set 12 is arrange | positioned at the outer periphery of the rotor 50, and a strong magnetic field generate | occur | produces from the boundary of the same polarity.

  FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a two-phase brushless motor as a tenth application example of a permanent magnet structure. The motor 100j is a planar rotor motor having a substantially disc-shaped rotor 50 having a magnet module 20d and substantially disc-shaped stators 60U and 60L provided on the upper side and the lower side of the rotor 50, respectively. The stators 60U and 60L are fixed to a circuit board 140 provided in the casing 130. The rotor 50 is connected to the rotating shaft 110. The magnet module 20d has a basic configuration similar to that of FIG. 5A, and has a three-layer structure in which the first magnet set 12 is disposed on both sides (upper and lower sides) of the second magnet set 14, respectively. doing. Accordingly, in FIG. 19A, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field both above and below the rotor 50.

  FIGS. 19B and 19C show horizontal sections of the stators 60U and 60L. FIGS. 19D and 19E show the horizontal positions of the first and second magnet sets 12 and 14 of the magnet module 20d. Each section is shown. As shown in FIG. 19D, the first magnet set 12 of the magnet module 20d has a configuration in which six divided ring-shaped magnets 12c each having a linear groove portion 16 at the center are combined. Each magnet 12c is magnetized along the circumferential direction of FIG. 19D, and the same magnetic pole is arranged at the boundary between adjacent magnets 12c. As described with reference to FIG. 4, the groove 16 is used for positioning the magnet module.

  As shown in FIG. 19B, an A-phase coil 30A and a B-phase position sensor (magnetic sensor) are arranged on the upper stator 60U, and a B-phase coil 30B and an A-phase sensor are arranged on the lower stator 60L. A position sensor (magnetic sensor) is arranged. As described above, by providing coils on the upper side and the lower side of the magnet module 20d, it is possible to realize a highly efficient motor by effectively using the magnetic fields on both sides of the magnet module 20d.

  FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a two-phase AC brushless motor as an eleventh application example of a permanent magnet structure. The motor 100k is a motor having a planar rotor structure having a substantially disk-shaped upper rotor 50 and a lower rotor 50L each having a magnet module 20, and a substantially disk-shaped stator 60 provided between the rotors 50U and 50L. is there. FIG. 20B shows a state where a plurality of B-phase coils 30 </ b> B and an A-phase magnetic sensor 80 </ b> A are provided on the upper surface of the stator 60. A plurality of A-phase coils and B-phase magnetic sensors are provided on the lower surface of the stator 60, but are not shown. FIG. 20C shows the first magnet set 12 of the magnet module 20, and FIG. 20D shows the second magnet set 14. The 1st magnet set 12 has the groove part 16 similarly to FIG. In this motor 100k, since the magnet modules are provided on the upper side and the lower side of the stator 60, a motor capable of generating a higher driving force can be realized.

  FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a two-phase brushless motor as a twelfth application example of a permanent magnet structure. This motor 100m is obtained by changing the structure of the stator in the motor of FIG. That is, the coil of the stator 60a of the motor 100m is wound clockwise or counterclockwise on the surface of FIG. FIG. 21B is a horizontal sectional view showing the two-phase coils 30A and 30B of the stator 60a. Each of the coils 30 </ b> A and 30 </ b> B has a radial direction from the central axis 110 of the motor toward the casing 130. The magnetic fields from the upper rotors 50U and 50L are directed in the vertical direction in FIG. 21A, and the coils 30A and 30B are wound in a direction intersecting with the magnetic fields. It is possible to generate a driving force.

  As can be understood from the various application examples described above, various devices using the permanent magnet structure of the present invention are first members (also referred to as “first drive members”) each having a permanent magnet structure (magnet module). And a second member (also referred to as a “second drive member”) including an electromagnetic coil, and various brushless electric machines configured so that the first and second members can move relative to each other. It is feasible.

C. Circuit configuration:
FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control circuit of the brushless electric machine. This control circuit includes a CPU system 300, a drive signal generation unit 200, a drive driver unit 210, a regeneration control unit 220, a capacitor 230, and a power storage control unit 240. The drive signal generation unit 200 generates a drive signal to be supplied to the drive driver unit 210.

  FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the drive driver unit 210. The drive driver unit 210 constitutes an H-type bridge circuit. From the drive signal generation unit 200, one of the first drive signal DRVA1 and the second drive signal DRVA2 is supplied to the drive driver unit 210. Currents IA1 and IA2 shown in FIG. 22 indicate directions of currents (also referred to as “drive currents”) that flow in accordance with these drive signals DRVA1 and DRVA2. For example, in the case of a motor using a DC drive magnet module, when the current IA1 flows in response to the first drive signal DRVA1, the motor operates in a predetermined first drive direction, and the second drive When the current IA2 flows according to the signal DRVA2, the motor operates in the second driving direction opposite to the first driving direction. In the case of a motor using an AC drive magnet module, the motor can be driven by alternately using the first and second drive signals DRVA1 and DRVA2.

  FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing an internal configuration of the regeneration control unit 220. The regeneration control unit 220 is connected to the electromagnetic coil 30 in parallel with the drive driver unit. The regeneration control unit 220 includes a rectifier circuit 222 formed of a diode and a switching transistor 224. When the switching transistor 224 is turned on by the power storage control unit 240, the power generated in the electromagnetic coil 30 can be regenerated to charge the battery 230. It is also possible to supply current from the capacitor 230 to the electromagnetic coil 30. Note that the regeneration control unit 220, the battery 230, and the power storage control unit 240 may be omitted from the control unit, or the drive signal generation unit 200 and the drive driver unit 210 may be omitted.

  Thus, in the brushless motor of each application example described above, a strong magnetic field is generated using the permanent magnet structure having the first magnet set and the second magnet set for magnetic field enhancement, and the magnetic field and the electromagnetic coil Since a driving force is generated by electromagnetic interaction with the motor, a highly efficient motor can be realized. Further, when the brushless electric machine is configured as a brushless generator, a highly efficient generator can be realized.

D. Variations:
The present invention is not limited to the above-described examples, embodiments, and application examples, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist thereof. For example, the following modifications are possible. is there.

D1. Modification 1:
In the above-described embodiments, specific examples of the mechanical configuration and circuit configuration of the brushless electric machine have been described. However, as the mechanical configuration and circuit configuration of the brushless electric machine of the present invention, any configuration other than these may be adopted. Is possible.

D2. Modification 2:
The present invention can be applied to motors of various devices such as a fan motor, a timepiece (hand drive), a drum-type washing machine (single rotation), a roller coaster, and a vibration motor. When the present invention is applied to a fan motor, the various effects described above (low power consumption, low vibration, low noise, low rotation unevenness, low heat generation, long life) are particularly remarkable. Such fan motors are, for example, various devices such as digital display devices, in-vehicle devices, fuel cell computers, fuel cell digital cameras, fuel cell video cameras, fuel cell mobile phones, and other fuel cell equipment. It can be used as a fan motor for the device. The motor of the present invention can also be used as a motor for various home appliances and electronic devices. For example, the motor according to the present invention can be used as a spindle motor in an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a polygon mirror drive device, or the like. The motor according to the present invention can also be used as a motor for a moving body or a robot.

  FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram showing a projector using a motor according to an application example of the invention. The projector 600 includes three light sources 610R, 610G, and 610B that emit light of three colors of red, green, and blue, and three liquid crystal light valves 640R, 640G, and 640B that modulate these three colors of light, respectively. A cross dichroic prism 650 that synthesizes the modulated three-color light, a projection lens system 660 that projects the combined three-color light onto the screen SC, a cooling fan 670 for cooling the inside of the projector, and the projector 600 And a control unit 680 for controlling the whole. As the motor for driving the cooling fan 670, the various brushless motors described above can be used.

  FIGS. 26A to 26C are explanatory views showing a fuel cell type mobile phone using a motor according to an application example of the present invention. FIG. 26A shows the appearance of the mobile phone 700, and FIG. 26B shows an example of the internal configuration. The mobile phone 700 includes an MPU 710 that controls the operation of the mobile phone 700, a fan 720, and a fuel cell 730. The fuel cell 730 supplies power to the MPU 710 and the fan 720. The fan 720 is used to supply air to the fuel cell 730 from the outside to the inside of the mobile phone 700 or to discharge moisture generated by the fuel cell 730 from the inside of the mobile phone 700 to the outside. It is. Note that the fan 720 may be disposed on the MPU 710 as shown in FIG. 26C to cool the MPU 710. As the motor for driving the fan 720, the various brushless motors described above can be used.

  FIG. 27 is an explanatory view showing an electric bicycle (electric assist bicycle) as an example of a moving body using a motor / generator according to an application example of the present invention. In this bicycle 800, a motor 810 is provided on the front wheel, and a control circuit 820 and a rechargeable battery 830 are provided on a frame below the saddle. The motor 810 assists running by driving the front wheels using the power from the rechargeable battery 830. Further, the electric power regenerated by the motor 810 is charged to the rechargeable battery 830 during braking. The control circuit 820 is a circuit that controls driving and regeneration of the motor. As the motor 810, the various brushless motors described above can be used.

  FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a robot using a motor according to an application example of the present invention. The robot 900 includes first and second arms 910 and 920 and a motor 930. The motor 930 is used when horizontally rotating the second arm 920 as a driven member. As the motor 930, the above-described various brushless motors can be used.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the permanent magnet structure of 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the permanent magnet structure of 2nd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the permanent magnet structure of 3rd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the permanent magnet structure of 4th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the permanent magnet structure of the 5th, 6th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the manufacturing method of a magnet module. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the manufacturing method of a magnet module. It is explanatory drawing which shows the further another example of the manufacturing method of a magnet module. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 1st application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the 2nd application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 3rd application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 4th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 5th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the 6th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 7th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 8th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 9th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is explanatory drawing which shows the rotor structure for inner rotor type | mold motors. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 10th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 11th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 12th application example of a permanent magnet structure. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control circuit of a brushless electric machine. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of a drive driver part. It is a circuit diagram which shows the internal structure of a regeneration control part. It is explanatory drawing which shows the projector using the motor by the example of application of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the fuel cell type mobile telephone using the motor by the example of application of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electric bicycle (electric assisted bicycle) as an example of the moving body using the motor / generator by the example of application of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the robot using the motor by the example of application of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... 1st magnet set 14 ... 2nd magnet set 14c ... Polar anisotropic magnet 15 ... 3rd magnet set 16 ... Groove part 18 ... Magnetic yoke 20 ... Magnet module 22 ... Annular space 24d ... Groove part 30 ... Electromagnetic coil 32 ... Magnetic yoke 34 ... Magnetic core 50 ... Rotor 60 ... Stator 80 ... Position sensor (magnetic sensor)
100a-100m ... Brushless motor (actuator mechanism)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 ... Rotating shaft 112 ... Bearing 114 ... Coil panel 120 ... Rotating shaft 124 ... Fixing screw 130 ... Casing 140 ... Circuit board 200 ... Drive signal generation part 210 ... Drive driver part 220 ... Regenerative control part 222 ... Rectification circuit 224 ... Switching transistor 230 ... Accumulator 240 ... Power storage control unit 300 ... CPU system 600 ... Projector 610R, 610G, 610B ... Light source 640R, 640G, 640B ... Liquid crystal light valve 650 ... Cross dichroic prism 660 ... Projection lens system 680 ... Control unit 700 ... Cell phone 710 ... MPU
720: Fan 730 ... Fuel cell 800 ... Bicycle 810 ... Motor 820 ... Control circuit 830 ... Rechargeable battery 900 ... Robot 910, 920 ... Arm 930 ... Motor

Claims (9)

A permanent magnet structure,
A first magnet set including a plurality of first magnets arranged along a predetermined arrangement direction;
A second magnet set including at least one second magnet disposed on one of a front surface and a back surface of the first magnet set;
A third magnet set including a plurality of third magnets provided on a surface of the second magnet set opposite to the first magnet set;
With
The plurality of first magnets are respectively magnetized along the arrangement direction, and adjacent first magnets are magnetized in opposite directions to each other,
The N pole of the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the N poles of the first magnet set, and the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the S poles of the first magnet set. S poles are arranged ,
The plurality of third magnets are magnetized along the arrangement direction, and adjacent third magnets are magnetized in opposite directions,
The N pole of the second magnet set is disposed at the boundary position between the N poles of the third magnet set, and the second magnet set is positioned at the boundary position between the S poles of the third magnet set. A permanent magnet structure in which the S poles are arranged . The permanent magnet structure according to claim 1,
The second magnet set includes a permanent magnet structure including a plurality of second magnets magnetized in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the first magnet set. A brushless electric machine,
A first member having the permanent magnet structure according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A second member having an electromagnetic coil;
Brushless electric machine with The brushless electric machine according to claim 3 , further comprising:
A control circuit for controlling supply of electric power to the electromagnetic coil or regeneration of electric power from the electromagnetic coil;
The control circuit includes:
(I) regenerative control for regenerating DC power generated in the electromagnetic coil in response to relative movement between the first and second members;
(Ii) drive control for operating the brushless electric machine by supplying a drive current to the electromagnetic coil;
A brushless electric machine capable of performing at least one of the following. Electronic equipment,
A brushless motor,
A driven member driven by the brushless motor;
With
The brushless motor is
A first member having the permanent magnet structure according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A second member having an electromagnetic coil;
A control circuit for controlling the supply of electric power to the electromagnetic coil;
Electronic equipment comprising. The electronic device according to claim 5 ,
The electronic device is an electronic device, which is a projector. Fuel cell equipment,
A brushless motor,
A driven member driven by the brushless motor;
A fuel cell for supplying power to the brushless motor;
With
The brushless motor is
A first member having the permanent magnet structure according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A second member having an electromagnetic coil;
A control circuit for controlling the supply of electric power to the electromagnetic coil;
Equipment using fuel cells. A robot,
A brushless motor,
A driven member driven by the brushless motor;
With
The brushless motor is
A first member having the permanent magnet structure according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A second member having an electromagnetic coil;
A control circuit for controlling the supply of electric power to the electromagnetic coil;
Robot equipped with. A moving body comprising the brushless electric machine according to claim 3 .

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