JP5346753B2 - Abnormality monitoring device for traveling equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device provided at both ends of an axle of an automobile.

  As shown in Patent Literature 1, an axle as an axle is mounted on a specially equipped vehicle such as a truck, and a hub, a wheel, and the like as a traveling device are provided at both ends of the axle. The hub is externally inserted on the inner peripheral surface of the axle through a bearing for freely rotating the wheel. The wheel is a part for attaching a tire, and is fastened to the hub by bolts and nuts. Since such a traveling device is an important part related to traveling of the vehicle, a sufficient inspection is performed before shipping.

JP 2003-80903 A

  However, since the traveling device is a part that repeatedly receives vehicle loads and impacts during traveling, abnormalities such as damage to part of the traveling device or loosening of the fastening between the hub and the wheel occur over time. There is a risk. For this reason, it is preferable that an abnormality in the traveling device such as the damage or looseness of the fastening can be detected in real time with high accuracy.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device that can detect the occurrence of abnormality in a traveling device mounted on a vehicle in real time and with high accuracy.

  In order to solve the above problems, an abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device of the present invention includes a hub attached to outer peripheral surfaces of both end portions of an axle via bearings, and a wheel fastened to the outer peripheral surface side of the hub by fastening means. An abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device that is mounted on a vehicle including a traveling device configured to include an abnormality and that monitors whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device, the outer peripheral surface of the hub contacting the wheel and the fastening means A sample line is set from an AE sensor for detecting an AE wave generated in the traveling device and a moving average value and a standard deviation calculated from a predetermined extraction width in an output signal from the AE sensor. It is determined whether or not an AE wave having an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected based on the number of times of matching with the value of the line. Characterized in that it and a determination unit for determining presence or absence of live.

  According to the abnormality monitoring device for the traveling device, an AE sensor is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the hub, and based on an output signal from the AE sensor that detects an AE wave generated when an abnormality occurs in a part of the traveling device, It is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device. Since the AE sensor is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the hub, not only the AE wave generated when a crack occurs in the hub, but also the AE wave generated when an abnormality occurs in the bearing or fastening means contacting the hub is detected. can do. Further, since the detection function of the AE sensor does not detect vibration generated when the vehicle travels, only vibration generated when an abnormality occurs in the travel device can be detected. Accordingly, by constantly monitoring the AE wave from the traveling device with this AE sensor, it is possible to detect in real time that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device. Furthermore, in this abnormality monitoring apparatus, since a certain process is performed on the output signal from the AE sensor, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling apparatus.

  Further, in the abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device, an impact sensor that detects a shock wave is disposed adjacent to the AE sensor on the outer peripheral surface of the hub that contacts the wheel and the fastening means, and the determination unit uses the output signal from the impact sensor. A sample line is set from the moving average value and standard deviation calculated from a predetermined extraction width, and it is determined whether or not a shock wave having an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected based on the number of times the output signal matches the sample line value. It is preferable to do. Further, in the abnormality monitoring device for the traveling device, the determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device when it is determined that an AE wave equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected and a shock wave equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is not detected. It is preferable to do. Further, in the abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device, the determination unit determines that an abnormality has not occurred in the traveling device when it is determined that an AE wave equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected and a shock wave equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is detected. It is preferable to determine.

  In this abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device, the shock sensor can detect a shock wave having a predetermined frequency that cannot be determined by the AE sensor. As a result, even when a pebble or the like that is thrown up by a vehicle equipped with a traveling device collides with an axle or a wheel, the vibration generated by the impact is distinguished from the vibration generated when an abnormality occurs in the traveling device. Therefore, it is possible to detect the occurrence of abnormality in the traveling device with higher accuracy.

  Moreover, in the abnormality monitoring apparatus of a traveling apparatus, when the determination part determines with abnormality having generate | occur | produced in the determination part, it is further provided with the alerting | reporting part which alert | reports the determination result. Thereby, for example, the driver or the manager of the vehicle can be made aware of the malfunction that has occurred in the traveling device.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the abnormality monitoring device for the traveling device further includes a control unit that prohibits traveling of the vehicle when the determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device. Thereby, it becomes possible to avoid the trouble caused by the occurrence of the abnormality in the traveling device.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, generation | occurrence | production of abnormality in the traveling apparatus mounted in the vehicle can be detected in real time and with high precision.

It is the schematic of the traveling apparatus with which the abnormality monitoring apparatus which concerns on suitable one Embodiment of this invention is attached. It is the block diagram which showed the function structure of the abnormality monitoring apparatus of the traveling apparatus which concerns on suitable one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the signal output from the AE sensor of FIG. It is a figure explaining the waveform processing analysis in the signal processing part of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the abnormality monitoring apparatus of the traveling apparatus which concerns on suitable one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the signal output from the AE sensor of FIG. It is a figure explaining the waveform processing analysis result in the signal processing part of FIG. It is the block diagram which showed the function structure of the abnormality monitoring apparatus of the traveling apparatus which concerns on other preferable one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the detection function of the AE sensor of FIG. 8, and an impact sensor. It is a figure which shows an example of the determination table in the determination part of FIG.

[First Embodiment]
A traveling apparatus abnormality monitoring apparatus 10 according to a preferred first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the description of the drawings, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same elements, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a traveling device 1 to be inspected by an abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device according to the present invention.

  The traveling device 1 to be monitored by the abnormality monitoring device 10 of the traveling device of the present invention is mounted on a specially equipped vehicle such as a truck and is disposed at both ends of the axle 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the axle 2 is formed by welding a spindle 2b having a larger diameter toward the shaft body 2a side at the end of a cylindrical shaft body 2a. The shaft body 2a and the spindle 2b are, for example, hollow cylindrical members having a thickness of 9 mm. As shown in FIG. 1, the traveling device 1 mainly includes a hub 3, a bearing (bearing) 4, an axle nut 5, a wheel 6, a fastening portion (fastening means) 7, and a brake drum 8. It is configured.

  The hub 3 is a component for attaching a wheel 6 to be described later to the axle 2, and is externally attached to the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 2 b in the axle 2. The hub 3 is restricted from moving in the axial direction by an axle nut 5 disposed at the end of the spindle 2b.

  The bearing 4 is a component that supports the hub 3 that rotates and the spindle 2 b that serves as a shaft, and is disposed between the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 2 b and the inner peripheral surface of the hub 3. . Thereby, the hub 3 can rotate with respect to the axle 2.

  The wheel 6 is a part on which the tire 9 is mounted, and is disposed on the outer peripheral surface side of the hub 3. The wheel 6 is fastened to a bracket 3a formed on the outer peripheral surface side of the hub 3 by a fastening portion 7 of a wheel bolt 7a and a wheel nut 7b. Thereby, the wheel 6 can rotate with respect to the axle 2 together with the hub 3.

  The brake drum 8 is a component that constitutes a brake mechanism, and is disposed on the outer peripheral surface side of the hub 3. The brake drum 8 is fastened to a bracket 3a formed on the outer peripheral surface side of the hub 3 by a fastening portion 7 of a wheel bolt 7a and a drum nut 7c. Thereby, the brake drum 8 can rotate with respect to the axle 2 together with the hub 3.

  Hereinafter, an abnormality monitoring apparatus 10 that monitors the occurrence of abnormality in the traveling apparatus 1 as described above will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The abnormality monitoring device 10 is mounted on a vehicle including the above-described traveling device 1, and as shown in FIG. 2, the AE sensor 12, the signal processing unit 13, the determination unit 15, the notification unit 16, and the control Part 17.

  The AE sensor 12 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the hub 3 and is a part that detects an AE wave generated when an abnormality occurs in a part of the traveling device 1. Since the AE sensor 12 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 3, not only the AE wave generated when a crack occurs in the hub 3, but also the AE wave generated when the crack occurs in the bearing 4 in contact with the hub 3 or The AE wave generated when the fastening portion 7 in contact with the hub 3 is loosened is also detected. The AE sensor 12 has a characteristic of detecting only vibrations in a frequency band of several tens of kHz to several MHz which is much higher than vibrations received during normal traveling. The AE sensor 12 outputs an output signal corresponding to the detected intensity of the AE wave to the signal processing unit 13 via an amplifier (not shown) whose band frequency is 40 kHz to 1.2 MHz, for example. The output from the AE sensor 12 to the signal processing unit 13 may be either wired or wireless.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal output from the AE sensor 12 when an abnormality occurs in the traveling device 1. The AE sensor 12 does not output any signal when there is no abnormality in the traveling device 1, but detects an AE wave propagating to the hub 3 when an abnormality occurs in a crack in the traveling device 1, for example, As shown in FIG. 3, a signal having an amplitude peak first and gradually decreasing is output.

  The signal processing unit 13 is a part that extracts a determination value necessary for determining whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 from the output signal detected by the AE sensor 12. The signal processing unit 13 characterizes the output signal by waveform processing analysis so that the determination unit 15 to be described later can make an objective determination when determining whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1.

  Hereinafter, waveform processing analysis which is one of the processes performed by the signal processing unit 13 will be described. In this waveform processing analysis, first, as shown in FIG. 4, a moving average value μ of the output signal in a predetermined extraction width is obtained. Next, a sample line is set based on the standard deviation σ of the moving average value μ. The sample line can be obtained by multiplying the standard deviation σ by a predetermined value. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, by multiplying the standard deviation σ by −3.0 times, −1.5 times, +1.5 times, and +3.0 times, a sample line of −3σ, −1.5σ of A sample line, a sample line of + 1.5σ, and a sample line of + 3.0σ can be obtained. Next, the number of times that the output signal matches the value of a predetermined sample line (for example, + 3σ sample line) is calculated. The signal processing unit 13 sets this number of times as a determination value and outputs the determination value to the determination unit 15.

  The determination unit 15 determines whether or not an AE wave having an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected based on the determination value calculated by the signal processing unit 13, and based on this, occurrence of an abnormality in the traveling device 1. This is a part for determining whether or not there is any. Specifically, when the number of times the output signal matches the value of the sample line satisfies the reference data, the determination unit 15 determines that an AE wave having an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected, and based on this, When it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 and the number of times the output signal matches the value of the sample line does not satisfy the reference data, it is determined that an AE wave having an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold has not been detected. Based on the above, it is determined that no abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1. The reference data is a value set for each sample line obtained by multiplying the standard deviation σ by a predetermined value, and is stored in the database unit 14. Moreover, the determination part 15 is provided in the outer peripheral surface of the shaft main body 2a.

  When the determination unit 15 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1, the notification unit 16 is a part that notifies the driver or manager of the vehicle on which the axle 2 is mounted. The notification unit 16 notifies, for example, that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 as a warning sound, or displays that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 on a display unit or the like of the vehicle.

  The control unit 17 is a part that prohibits the traveling of the vehicle on which the axle 2 is mounted when the determination unit 15 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1. For example, when the vehicle is running, the control unit 17 controls the brake of the vehicle to stop the vehicle, and when the vehicle is stopped, controls the engine to stop so that the vehicle runs. Is prohibited.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the abnormality monitoring device 10 of the traveling device 1 described above will be described using a flowchart showing the flow of processing of the abnormality monitoring device of the traveling device shown in FIG. The AE sensor 12 constantly monitors the AE wave generated in the traveling device 1, and when detecting the AE wave, outputs an output signal corresponding to the detected intensity of the AE wave to the signal processing unit 13 (step S1).

  Next, the signal processing unit 13 extracts a determination value necessary for determining whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 from the output signal acquired by the AE sensor 12 (step S2). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, first, a moving average value μ within a predetermined extraction width (150 ns, which is the period of the AE wave in the example of FIG. 6) is obtained for the signal output from the AE sensor 12, and the movement is performed. A standard deviation σ based on the average value μ is calculated. Next, a sample line obtained by multiplying the calculated standard deviation σ by a predetermined multiple (in the example of FIG. 6, three times the standard deviation σ) is set. Then, the number of times that the output signal matches the value of the sample line is calculated, and the determination value is obtained as shown in FIG. The determination value shown in FIG. 7A is calculated by counting when the output signal M1 shown in FIG. 6 exceeds the value of the sample line 3σ and when it falls below the sample line 3σ. .

  Next, based on the determination value extracted in step S2, the determination unit 15 determines whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 (step S3). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7A, the determination unit 15 determines that the output signal matches the value of the sample line with respect to the + 3σ sample line at least once, and is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. It is determined that an AE wave having an output signal has been detected, and based on this, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the output signal does not match the value of the sample line for the + 3σ sample line, the determination unit 15 has an AE wave having an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. Is determined not to be detected, and based on this, it is determined that no abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1. Here, although the number of times that the output signal matches the value of the sample line with respect to the sample line 3σ is one or more times, the determination criterion for determining that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is not something. For example, this determination value is obtained for each sample line obtained by multiplying the standard deviation σ by a predetermined number based on the result of waveform processing analysis of a time-series waveform obtained from an AE wave generated when an abnormality occurs in the traveling device 1. Can be set to a value.

  In step S3, when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 (step S3: present), the notification unit 16 outputs a warning sound to indicate that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 of the axle 2. The vehicle driver is notified (step S4). Next, when the vehicle is running, the control unit 17 controls the brake of the vehicle to stop the vehicle, and when the vehicle is stopped, the control unit 17 controls the engine to stop or start the engine. The vehicle is prohibited from traveling (step S5).

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S3 that no abnormality has occurred in the travel device 1 (step S3: none), the series of processes is terminated.

  As described above, according to the abnormality monitoring device 10 of the traveling device 1 of the present embodiment, vibrations in the frequency band of several tens kHz to several MHz generated when a crack occurs or when the fastening portion 7 is loosened are AE. It can be detected by the sensor 12. Since the detection function of the AE sensor 12 does not detect vibrations that occur when the vehicle travels, it is possible to detect only vibrations that occur when cracks occur in the hub or the bearing 4 or when the fastening portion 7 is loosened. Further, according to the abnormality monitoring device 10 of the traveling device 1 of the present embodiment, since the AE sensor 12 constantly monitors the AE wave from the traveling device 1, it is real time that a crack has occurred or that the fastening portion has been loosened. Can be detected. Furthermore, since the determination unit 15 performs the determination based on the determination value extracted in step S2 with respect to the output signal from the AE sensor 12, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the traveling device 1 is accurately determined. can do. As a result, it is possible to detect that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 in real time and with high accuracy.

[Second Embodiment]
An abnormality monitoring device 110 of the traveling device 1 according to a preferred second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that the configuration of the abnormality monitoring apparatus 110 is different from the abnormality monitoring apparatus 10 of the first embodiment in that the impact sensor 21 is provided, and only the determination process in the determination unit 15 is different. Hereinafter, the different points will be mainly described, and the description of the same elements given the same numbers will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the impact sensor 21 is fixed adjacent to the AE sensor 12 on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 3. The frequency band of the impact sensor 21 is, for example, about several Hz to several kHz, and covers a lower frequency band than the AE sensor 12. The impact sensor 21 outputs an output signal corresponding to the detected intensity of the shock wave to the signal processing unit 13. The signal processing unit 13 performs waveform analysis processing similar to that of the first embodiment on the output signals from the AE sensor 12 and the impact sensor 21, and indicates whether or not an AE wave / shock wave equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is detected. The determination value is output to the determination unit 15. The output from the impact sensor 21 to the signal processing unit 13 may be either wired or wireless.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating detection functions of the AE sensor and the impact sensor. As shown in FIG. 9, the frequency of the shock wave generated by the vibration during traveling of the vehicle or the collision of pebbles or the like with the wheel 6 is, for example, several Hz to several tens kHz. Therefore, when a shock wave propagates through the hub 3, it can be detected by the shock sensor 21. Note that the high frequency band portion of the shock wave may be detected by the AE sensor 12. Further, the AE wave generated by the occurrence of cracks or the loosening of the fastening portion 7 is not detected by the impact sensor 21 but can be detected only by the AE sensor 12.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a determination table in the determination unit 15. As shown in FIG. 10, the determination unit 15 detects a signal that is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold when neither the impact sensor 21 nor the AE sensor 12 detects a signal that is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold. In this case, it is determined that no abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1. The determination unit 15 also determines that no abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 even when both the impact sensor 21 and the AE sensor 12 detect a signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. This is because the AE sensor 12 may detect the high frequency band portion of the shock wave as described above. And the determination part 15 determines with abnormality having generate | occur | produced in the traveling apparatus 1, when the signal more than a predetermined threshold value is detected only by the AE sensor 12. FIG.

  As described above, according to the abnormality monitoring device 110 of the traveling device 1 of the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the abnormality monitoring device 10 of the above-described embodiment, the impact sensor 21 is provided adjacent to the AE sensor 12. Therefore, it is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 based on a determination table as shown in FIG. Thereby, for example, the AE wave propagated to the hub 3, for example, the AE wave caused by the occurrence of a crack, the shock wave caused by the collision of the flying object, the vibration at the time of traveling, etc. is discriminated, and the presence or absence of occurrence of abnormality in the traveling device Can be detected with higher accuracy.

  The present invention has been described in detail based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The present invention can be modified in various ways as described below without departing from the scope of the invention.

  In the above embodiment, the notification unit 16 has been described by giving an example of notifying the driver of the vehicle that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1. For example, the notification unit 16 communicates with a manager of the vehicle in a remote place. You may make it alert | report via a means. In this case, by mounting the current position specifying means such as GPS on the vehicle, it is possible to notify the manager that an abnormality has occurred with the position of the vehicle. Further, by coordinating with a travel distance specifying means such as an integrating meter mounted on the vehicle, it is possible to notify the manager that an abnormality has occurred along with the travel distance. As a result, the state of the vehicle can be managed more precisely.

  In the above embodiment, in step S2, the signal processing unit 13 extracts an example of extracting a determination value necessary for determining whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 from the output signal acquired by the AE sensor 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It may be determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device 1 by determining whether or not an AE wave having an amplitude of, for example, 20% or more of the maximum amplitude that can be measured by the AE sensor 12 is detected.

  In the abnormality monitoring devices 10 and 110 of the traveling device 1 of the above embodiment, 3σ, which is three times the standard deviation σ, is set when setting the sample line, but this is not limited. For example, the standard deviation σ is set to 1. You may set 1.5 (sigma) 5 times, 6 (sigma) 6 times the standard deviation (sigma), etc.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Traveling apparatus, 2 ... Axle, 2a ... Shaft body, 2b ... Spindle, 3 ... Hub, 3a ... Bracket, 4 ... Bearing, 5 ... Axle nut, 6 ... Wheel, 7 ... Fastening part, 7a ... Wheel bolt, 7b , Wheel nut, 7c, drum nut, 8 ... brake drum, 9 ... tire, 10 ... abnormality monitoring device, 12 ... sensor, 13 ... signal processing unit, 14 ... database unit, 15 ... determination unit, 16 ... notification unit, 17 ... control unit, 21 ... impact sensor.

Claims (6)

To a vehicle provided with a traveling device configured to include a cylindrical hub extrapolated to the outer peripheral surface of both ends of an axle via a bearing, and a wheel fastened to the outer peripheral surface side of the hub by a fastening means An abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device that is mounted and monitors whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device,
An AE sensor that is disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the hub that is in contact with the wheel and the fastening means and detects an AE wave generated in the traveling device;
A sample line is set from a moving average value and a standard deviation calculated from a predetermined extraction width in an output signal from the AE sensor, and an output signal equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is determined by the number of times the output signal matches the value of the sample line. A determination unit that determines whether or not an AE wave has been detected, and determines whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device based on the AE wave;
An abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device, comprising: On the outer peripheral surface of the hub that contacts the wheel and the fastening means, an impact sensor that detects a shock wave is disposed adjacent to the AE sensor,
The determination unit sets a sample line from a moving average value and a standard deviation calculated from a predetermined extraction width in an output signal from the impact sensor, and determines a predetermined threshold value based on the number of times the output signal matches the value of the sample line. The abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device according to claim 1, wherein it is determined whether or not a shock wave having the above output signal is detected.   The determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device when it is determined that the AE wave equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is detected and the shock wave equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is not detected. The abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device according to claim 2.   The determination unit determines that no abnormality has occurred in the traveling device when the AE wave equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is detected and the shock wave equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is detected. The abnormality monitoring device for a traveling device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that:   5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a notification unit that notifies the determination result when the determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the traveling device. Abnormality monitoring device for travel equipment.   The control unit according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit that prohibits the traveling of the vehicle when the determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the travel device. Monitoring device abnormality monitoring device.

Images