JP5343294B2 - Switching machine condition monitoring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a state monitoring device for a turning machine, and more particularly to a device for monitoring the conversion force and return time of the turning machine.

  The failure of the switch that constitutes a part of the convertible lock device has a great influence on train operation. Therefore, appropriate failure prevention and maintenance are required by monitoring the state of the switch. Therefore, until now, a state monitoring device has been developed and put to practical use for electrical switchboards (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

There are two types of turning machines: an electric turning machine and a rolling turning machine. FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing an installation state of the electric turning machine, and FIG. 22 is a view showing a configuration of the rolling turning machine.
The electric switch is indicated by reference numeral SM in FIG. 21, and includes a clutch (friction clutch or magnet clutch), an intermediate gear, a conversion gear, and a conversion roller (not shown) for the rotational force of the motor M driven by electricity. The operation rod 101 is moved forward or backward via the switch, and the tongrel 104 is switched via the switch adjuster rod 102 and the switch adjuster 103 connected to the operation rod 101 (Non-patent Document 3).

  On the other hand, the stroking and rolling machine is denoted by reference numeral SP in FIG. 22 and has a hydraulic cylinder 203 and a spring 204 provided with a check valve 201 at the lower end and a needle valve 202 at the upper end, and the hydraulic pressure thereof. The piston rod 205 of the cylinder 203, the upper end of the spring 204, the lower end of the spring, and the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 203 are connected by an upper crank 206 and a lower crank 207, respectively, and the rotational force of the lower crank 207 is connected via an arm 208. It is transmitted to the switch adjuster 103 similar to the switch adjuster 103 shown in FIG. 21, and the Tongleil is converted via the switch adjuster 103. When the train passes backwards, the wheels are By applying a pressure indexing the tongue rail (converted), after passing acts to automatically return to localize side by the force of the spring (Non-Patent Document 4).

  One of the obstacles related to the electric switch SM is “unconvertible” in which the conversion operation is not completed. As one of the signs that the conversion is impossible, there may be a case where a load different from the normal conversion is seen on the motor. Focusing on this point, some of the above-described practically used state monitoring devices detect the current / voltage (driving power) of the motor and estimate the conversion force from the detected driving power for monitoring. .

  In the rolling rolling machine SP, as in the case of the electric rolling machine, the load force such as friction between the tongleyr and the floor board increases due to rust and scratches, and the return operation is not completed. May occur. However, since the rolling machine does not use electric power for operation as described above, the above-mentioned practical state monitoring device that estimates the conversion force by the driving power is applied to the rolling machine as it is. It is not possible to monitor return force.

Kyosan Circular Vol.41, No.4, pp3-13, 1990 Railway Technical Research Institute Bulletin No.A-86-102, pp1-20, 1986 Introduction to Electricity for Railway Engineers Signal Series 4, Tumbler, pp. 38-54, Japan Railway Electrical Engineering Association, 1992 Introduction to Electricity for Railway Engineers Signal Series 4, Tumbler, pp. 76-82, Japan Railway Electrical Engineering Association, 1992

  An object of the present invention is to provide a state monitoring apparatus for a turning machine that can estimate the return time of the turning machine without using drive power as a detection target.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a state monitoring device for a turning machine capable of measuring the conversion force of the turning machine and estimating the return time.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a state monitoring device for a switching machine, comprising: (a) distortion detection means for detecting distortion of the switch adjuster; and (b) detection values by the distortion detection means over time. Means for recording; (c) differentiating the recorded change in the detected value, dividing the difference into a region where the differential value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and the other region; A calculation means for calculating a time between two points of the slow return start point and the return end point as a return end point, with a slow return return point and the end of the second region that is equal to or greater than the predetermined value as a return end point; It is characterized by having.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned another problem, the present invention provides a state monitoring device for a turning machine comprising: (a) a strain detection means for detecting a distortion of a switch adjuster; and (b) a detection value by the distortion detection means. Means for recording over time; and (c) differentiating a recorded change in detected value, dividing the difference into a region where the differential value is a predetermined constant value or more and another region, and a first region where the differential value is a certain value or more The time between the two points of the slow return start point and the return end point is calculated as the return time, with the end of the slow start point as the return point and the end of the second region that is equal to or greater than the predetermined value as the return end point. A computing means; (d) a converting means for converting the detected value by the distortion detecting means into a converting force at a predetermined conversion rate; and (e) a means for storing the converting force converted by the converting means at each conversion. And / or display means There.

  In a preferred example of the present invention, the conversion means of the above-mentioned state-of-the-art state monitoring device uses the regression equation obtained from the correlation between the switch adjuster strain and the temperature to calculate the switch adjuster strain measurement value measured at each conversion. It is desirable to correct it.

  The strain detection means preferably includes a strain gauge attached to the switch adjuster, an amplifier connected to the strain gauge, and a low-pass filter connected to the amplifier.

  The amplifier is preferably an AC amplifier.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the strain detection value obtained by the strain detection means affixed to the switch adjuster of the switch is recorded, and the strain detection value is analyzed at either the site or the management office. Thus, it is possible to estimate the return time of the switch. Moreover, since the distortion of the switch adjuster is targeted for detection, it is possible to measure the conversion force of a tumbling switch that does not use drive power, and it can also be applied to an electric switch that uses drive power. , The conversion power can be measured.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to perform both the estimation of the return time of the switch and the measurement of the conversion force with a single state monitoring device.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to accurately measure the conversion force of the turning machine and estimate the return time of the rolling machine without being affected by changes in the environmental temperature.

  Furthermore, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a state monitoring device for a switch that is not easily affected by noise of a commercial frequency.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a state monitoring device for a turning machine capable of suppressing the influence of commercial frequency noise.

It is a block diagram which shows notionally the basic composition of the state monitoring apparatus of the switch machine concerning Claim 1. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the distortion detection means in FIG. It is a copying figure which shows the example of installation of the state monitoring apparatus of the switch machine which concerns on Claim 1. It is explanatory drawing about the sticking position with respect to the switch adjuster of a strain gauge. It is an output waveform diagram of a dynamic distortion amplifier. It is a graph which shows the difference in the power spectrum density distribution of the switch adjuster distortion which a dynamic distortion amplifier outputs when a dynamic distortion amplifier is an alternating current type and a direct current type. It is a figure which shows the waveform after processing with a low-pass filter by dynamic strain amplifier. It is a figure which shows the return operation | movement of the stalk rolling machine at the time of an index change. It is a figure which shows the operation | movement speed from the start of indexing operation | movement of a rolling apparatus to a completion | finish of return. It is a figure which shows the relationship between switch adjuster distortion and reset time. It is a block diagram which shows notionally the basic composition of the state monitoring apparatus of the switch machine concerning Claim 2. It is a figure which shows the conversion force measurement result by an axial force meter. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an axial force meter measured value and switch adjuster distortion. It is a figure which shows the distortion measurement result at the time of indexing by a vehicle. It is a wave form diagram which shows the daily change of a relative return force. It is a wave form diagram which shows the change every day of distortion at the time of adhesion | attachment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the distortion of a switch adjuster at the time of contact | adherence, and temperature. It is a figure which shows the change of return time. It is a figure which shows the relationship between temperature and return time. It is a figure which shows the installation state of an electric switch. It is a figure which shows the structure of a tumbling and turning machine. It is a table | surface which shows test conditions and the power spectrum density of 50 Hz vicinity.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Although the state monitoring device of the turning machine of the present invention can be applied to both a rolling turning machine and an electric turning machine, in the following, it will be implemented when applied to a turning machine. Will be described.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the condition monitoring device A for the rolling switch is intended to detect the distortion of the switch adjuster and estimate the switching time of the rolling switch from the detected value. Is.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the condition monitoring device A for a tumbling machine according to this embodiment includes a distortion detection means a, a recording means b for recording the detected distortion, and a return time from the recorded distortion measurement value. And calculating means c for calculating.

  The strain detection means a is conceptually shown in FIG. 2 and, as shown in FIG. 3, an installation example, includes a strain gauge 1, a bridge circuit 2, a rod-shaped displacement meter 3, a dynamic strain amplifier 4, and a logger 5. It is configured. Reference numeral 2 ′ in FIG. 3 denotes a bridge box that accommodates the bridge circuit 2.

  The strain gauge 1 is a sensor that converts a rate of expansion / contraction due to a force applied to the switch adjuster 103 into a change in electrical resistance. As shown in FIG. 3, when the strain gauge 1 is changed to the “push” direction of the switch adjuster 103 as viewed from the switch SP, the strain gauge 1 appears from below the switch SP, When it changes direction, it is affixed to the part hidden under the machine SP.

  The strain gauge 1 is connected to the bridge circuit 2 in order to amplify the change in resistance. The output of the bridge circuit 2 is input to the dynamic distortion amplifier 4 accommodated in the instrument box 6 via the cable, and the strain measurement value output from the dynamic distortion amplifier 4 is the logger also accommodated in the instrument box 6. 5 are sequentially recorded.

  The amplification factor of the strain by the bridge circuit 2 and the dynamic strain amplifier 4 varies depending on the application form of the strain gauge. As an example, the switch adjuster 103 to be used has a diameter of 36 mm and an adhesive force / conversion force of about 2 kN (200 kgf). Therefore, the axial strain of the switch adjuster 103 is a low value of about 10 με. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, as a strain gauge mounting mode, as shown in FIG. 4A, two switches are attached in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the switch adjuster 103. The law was adopted.

  FIG. 4B shows the configuration of the “1 gauge method” bridge circuit when only one strain gauge is attached in the axial direction of the switch adjuster 103. In the case of “4-gauge method”, the resistance change due to expansion and contraction of the axially attached gauge (ε1, ε3) is ΔR, and the resistance change due to expansion and contraction of the circumferentially attached gauge (ε2, ε4) is ΔRv (v = 0.3). The ratio of the 4 gauge and 1 gauge strain gains is 2.6: 1. It was also confirmed by experiments that the “4-gauge method” has the highest amplification factor and the effect of temperature is small.

  The rod-shaped displacement meter 3 is a sensor that converts the displacement of the switch adjuster into a change in electrical resistance. However, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the displacement of the lock lock of the electromagnetic locking device (not shown). It is used to detect “indexing” from, and use it as a trigger for starting conversion force measurement. This rod-shaped displacement meter 3 is provided for surely measuring with a general-purpose measuring device. However, when a dedicated strain measuring device is prepared, a trigger can be applied from a distortion measurement waveform. Is no longer needed.

  The dynamic strain amplifier 4 is for amplifying the outputs of the bridge circuit 2 and the rod-shaped displacement meter 3 to which the strain gauge 1 is connected, and converting this into a change in DC voltage. The dynamic distortion amplifier 4 is classified into a direct current type and an alternating current type depending on the type of current flowing through the bridge circuit 2. The DC distortion amplifier is economically superior to the AC type, but as shown in FIG. 5, since it is affected by noise mainly including commercial frequency components, the DC distortion amplifier alone has a restoring force, It is difficult to determine the return time.

  Therefore, the inventor measured the strain at the lower part of the switch adjuster of the electric switch by changing the conditions of the strain gauge, strain amplifier, power supply system, and low-pass filter, and examined the device configuration that is less susceptible to noise. went.

  The table of FIG. 22 shows test conditions and power spectral density (PSD) near 50 Hz, and FIG. FIG. 7 shows a waveform after processing by the low-pass filter. From this result, it can be seen that when a DC distortion amplifier is used, the influence of commercial frequency noise can be suppressed by using a battery or an insulation amplifier and using a low-pass filter. It can also be seen that when an AC amplifier is used and a built-in low-pass filter is used, it is least affected by commercial frequency noise.

  Based on the test results, in the embodiment, the dynamic distortion amplifier 4 measures the distortion of the switch adjuster 103 using the distortion detection means a that is a combination of an AC amplifier and a low-pass filter. The amplified distortion measurement is provided to the logger 5. The logger 5 records the distortion amplified by the dynamic distortion amplifier 4. It is configured to record the strain measured by the strain gauge for a certain period of time before and after the time when the displacement of the locking mechanism of the electromagnetic locking device measured by the rod-shaped displacement meter 2 changes. .

  The distortion measurement values obtained by the distortion detection means a and recorded in the logger 5 are recorded in time series in the recording means b.

  The return time, which is a maintenance adjustment item of the rolling device, is conventionally timed by judging the timing of the return start and return end by the visual and auditory sense of the measurer. However, this method can only be performed during maintenance. In view of this, in the present invention, a method for recording the distortion of the switch adjuster in time series in the recording means b and estimating the return time using the time history response has been studied.

  The state of the return operation by the action of the spring and the cylinder in the tumbling machine at the time of “index change” in which the tongrel is moved by the vehicle entering from the back is as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the rolling rolling machine has a mechanism in which the flow area of the working oil in the cylinder changes in accordance with the Tongleil stroke. The return force is controlled while changing.

  Normally, as shown in FIG. 10, the distortion of the switch adjuster greatly changes in the amount of distortion when indexing and when returning from medium speed to when returning to high speed. On the other hand, the amount of distortion is small when in a close contact state before switching or after returning or when returning slowly.

  Paying attention to this, the calculation means c sequentially differentiates the strain measurement values input from the recording means b, and an area where the distortion differential value becomes a certain value or more (area A surrounded by a chain line rectangle in FIG. 10). , B), the end of the region A that is equal to or greater than a certain value is first determined to be the slow return start point, and the end of the region B that is equal to or greater than the certain value is then determined to be the return end point. Subsequently, the computing means f is configured to output the time between two points of the slow return start point and the return end point calculated from the strain measurement value as the return time.

  In the second embodiment of the present invention, the conversion force is obtained from the strain measurement value obtained by the strain detection means a and recorded in the logger 5. As shown in FIG. 11, the condition monitoring device B for the tumbling and turning machine according to the second embodiment includes a distortion detection means a, a recording means b for recording the detected distortion, and a recorded distortion measurement value. Calculating means c for calculating the return time from the conversion means, conversion means d for converting the distortion detected by the distortion detection means a into conversion force based on a predetermined conversion rate, and means for storing the conversion force converted by the conversion means e and / or means f for displaying. In other words, the conversion unit d, the storage unit e, and the display unit f are added to the first embodiment.

  The strain measurement value obtained by the strain detection means a and recorded in the logger 5 is converted into a conversion force by the conversion means b. In the method of converting the distortion measurement value by the conversion means b into the conversion force, the conversion force and the distortion during the actual conversion operation of the switching machine are measured, and a regression equation is obtained from the relationship between the conversion force and the distortion, There is a method of obtaining the conversion force from each strain measurement value using the regression equation. Another method is to create and store a conversion table based on the relationship between the conversion force and strain obtained from the field test of the turning machine, look up the conversion table from the obtained strain measurement value, and then convert the conversion table. It is also possible to use a method for determining.

  In order to relate the distortion of the switch adjuster of the actual switch and the conversion force / restoring force, a known jaw pin type axial force meter is inserted in place of the jaw pin connecting the operation lever and the switch adjuster. The conversion and return forces were measured directly. FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the measured value of the axial force meter and the distortion of the switch adjuster. FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the conversion force with an axial force meter. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the axial force meter measurement value and the switch adjuster distortion. The regression line was calculated | required from the measured value using an axial force meter. RL in FIG. 13 indicates a regression line. From this regression line, the regression equation shown in [Formula 1] was obtained.

  Thus, the strain measurement value obtained by the strain detection means a is converted into conversion force by the conversion means b using the regression equation. When the storage means e is connected to the conversion means d, the converted conversion force is stored in the storage means e. The stored data is later read out by a device connected to the conversion force measuring device and used for outputting to a display device or a printer.

  Further, when the storage means e and the display means f are connected to the conversion means d, the stored data can be read out and displayed on the display device immediately or at any time. By comparing the output or displayed conversion force with the reference conversion force measured in advance when the switch is normal, the switch is faulty or near to failure Such state monitoring can be performed.

  As described above, since the state monitoring device B of the turning machine detects the distortion of the switch adjuster, it can be applied to both the rolling turning machine and the electric turning machine. Further, in a turning machine using a plurality of switch adjusters connected by an escape crank, the conversion force is measured for each switch adjuster.

  For the detection of the regions A and B, a waveform shaping technique for converting a signal waveform into a rectangular wave can be used, and the end of the first rectangular wave can be recognized as the return start point and the end of the next rectangular wave can be recognized as the return end point. .

  Therefore, the state monitoring device B of the turning machine can measure the conversion force of the rolling machine and estimate the return time, and can monitor the state.

[Long-term measurement of return time and correction based on the result]
Using the above conversion force measurement and conversion time estimation method, the conversion force and return time were measured for the stroking machine on the main line. In addition, a long-term change in the condition of the tumbling machine was investigated.
(A) Switch Adjuster Distortion FIG. 14 shows the measurement results for one switch adjuster strain change. It can be read from the waveform that the tongrel is determined by the vehicle (four cars) between about 0 s (seconds) and 8 s and then returned between about 8 s and 11 s. Further, since the difference between the switch adjuster strain in the close contact state and the strain at the slow return is obtained, the difference between the close contact force and the return force (hereinafter referred to as a relative return force) can be obtained from Equation (1). . FIG. 15 shows the relative return force for each conversion. The relative return force is said to indicate a margin of the ability of the tumbling machine with respect to the load at the time of return conversion, and it can be considered that the smaller the difference, the greater the load.

  FIG. 16 shows the switch adjuster distortion at the time of close contact for each change (from −2 s to 0 s in FIG. 14). It was found that the switch adjuster distortion during close contact changes with each change. This is a phenomenon seen because the apparent strain was measured due to the linear expansion coefficient of the gauge and the switch adjuster being affected by the fact that the adhesion force actually changed or the strain amount to be measured was small. It is done. Qualitatively, the change tends to be large during fine weather. Therefore, a temperature sensor was affixed in the vicinity of the strain gauge application location of the switch adjuster, and the switch adjuster strain and the switch adjuster temperature in the vicinity of the strain gauge application location were measured simultaneously. FIG. 17 shows the measurement results.

  From this measurement result, it can be seen that there is a correlation between the measured value of the switch adjuster strain and the temperature of the switch adjuster. From this, it is considered that the phenomenon that the strain at the time of close contact changes with each change is due to temperature. Further, if the temperature is measured simultaneously with the strain of the switch adjuster and the temperature of the strain measurement value can be corrected, the absolute values of the adhesion force and the conversion force can be obtained.

  The switch adjuster distortion at the time of close contact has a correlation with the switch adjuster temperature as shown in FIG. In this case, the correlation coefficient is 0.816, and the regression equation is as shown in [Equation 2].

  Accordingly, in order to determine whether or not the switch adjuster strain actually measured by the strain gauge is an appropriate value, the conversion means b uses the measured temperature input from the temperature sensor provided near the strain gauge mounting position as the regression. The distortion measurement value input from the logger 5 of the distortion detector a is appropriately corrected by substituting into the equation.

(B) Return time FIG. 18 shows the change in return time for each conversion, and FIG. 19 shows the relationship between average temperature and average return time for each measurement period. From FIG. 18, it was confirmed that the return time did not change significantly in a short period. On the other hand, it was confirmed from FIG. 19 that the recovery time changes in the long term, the recovery time is short in the period when the average temperature is high, and the recovery time is long in the period where the average temperature is low.

  Therefore, the return time can be obtained by shaping the output waveform from the dynamic strain amplifier and measuring the time between the slow return start point and the return end point, and by comparing the obtained value with the appropriate value, Appropriateness of the state of the machine can be determined.

  In maintenance of the rolling device, the return time is set to an appropriate value of 4 to 8 seconds. When the obtained value is not an appropriate value, the return time may be adjusted by adjusting the opening / closing amount of the needle valve of the rolling device, that is, the flow passage area at the slow return.

  In the state monitoring device according to the present invention, the conversion force measurement and the return time monitoring by measuring the strain of the switch adjuster are not limited to the tumbling switch, but are provided in a plurality of electric switchers and Shinkansen convertible lock devices. It can be widely used for measuring the conversion force at the crank.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS A State monitoring apparatus of a turning machine a Strain detection means b Conversion means c Memory | storage means 1 Strain gauge 2 Bridge circuit 3 Bar-shaped displacement meter 4 Dynamic strain amplifier 5 Logger B, AB State monitoring apparatus for oscillating turning machine e Recording means f Calculation means SP Deflection machine 103 Switch adjuster

Claims (5)

Distortion detecting means for detecting distortion of the switch adjuster;
Means for recording the value detected by the distortion detection means over time;
Differentiate the recorded change in detected value, divide it into a region where the differential value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and other regions, and the end of the first region where the differential value is equal to or greater than a certain value A calculation means for calculating a time between two points of the slow return start point and the return end point as a return time, with the end of the second region being equal to or greater than a value as the return end point;
A state monitoring device for a switch machine characterized by comprising: Distortion detecting means for detecting distortion of the switch adjuster;
Means for recording the value detected by the distortion detection means over time;
Differentiate the recorded change in detected value, divide it into a region where the differential value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and other regions, and the end of the first region where the differential value is equal to or greater than a certain value A calculation means for calculating a time between two points of the slow return start point and the return end point as a return time, with the end of the second region being equal to or greater than a value as the return end point;
Conversion means for converting the detection value by the distortion detection means into conversion force at a predetermined conversion rate;
Means for storing and / or displaying the conversion force converted by the conversion means for each conversion;
A state monitoring device for a switch machine characterized by comprising:   3. The state monitoring apparatus for a switch machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conversion means measures the switch adjuster strain measured at each conversion by a regression equation obtained from the correlation between the strain of the switch adjuster and the temperature. A state monitoring device for a switching machine characterized by correcting the value.   3. The state monitoring device for a switch machine according to claim 1, wherein the strain detecting means is connected to the strain gauge attached to the switch adjuster, an amplifier connected to the strain gauge, and the amplifier. A state monitoring device for a switching machine comprising a low-pass filter.   5. The state monitoring apparatus for a switch machine according to claim 4, wherein the amplifier is an AC amplifier.

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