JP5319807B2 - Rubber composition for studless tire and studless tire - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a rubber composition for studless tires and a studless tire.

In order to prevent dust pollution caused by spiked tires, the prohibition of the use of spiked tires was legalized, and studless tires were used instead of spiked tires in cold regions. Studless tires are more uneven on the snow and snow surfaces than ordinary roads, and have been devised in terms of materials and design.For example, to incorporate a diene rubber with excellent low-temperature characteristics to enhance the softening effect A rubber composition having an increased amount of a softening agent has been proposed. Here, in general, mineral oil is often blended as a softening agent in order to enhance low temperature characteristics.

However, when the amount of mineral oil is increased for the purpose of improving the low temperature characteristics, the wear resistance generally deteriorates. As a method for solving such a problem, a method of changing mineral oil to aroma oil is conceivable. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficiently satisfactory performance on ice and snow because the low temperature characteristics are lowered. On the other hand, low temperature characteristics can be improved without reducing wear resistance by using aroma oil and silica in combination, but the performance is still insufficient. In addition to performance on snow and snow and wear resistance, it is also desired to improve handling stability and wet grip performance.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a rubber composition for a tread containing natural rubber, butadiene rubber, silica, aroma oil, and the like. There is still room for improvement in terms of improving stability and wet grip performance.

JP-A-6-240052

The present invention provides a rubber composition for studless tires that solves the above-mentioned problems and can provide a good balance of wear resistance, performance on snow and snow, steering stability (especially steering stability on snow and ice), and wet grip performance, and the same An object of the present invention is to provide a studless tire using a tire for a tread.

The first invention includes a rubber component, aroma oil, silica, carbon black, and a mixture of a zinc salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a zinc salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid, and the natural rubber in 100% by mass of the rubber component. And the total content of the butadiene rubber is 30% by mass or more, the content of the aroma oil is 12 to 85 parts by mass, and the content of the silica is 12 to 85 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Further, the present invention relates to a rubber composition for a studless tire, wherein the content of the mixture is 1 part by mass or more, and the content of the silica in a total of 100% by mass of the silica and the carbon black is 45% by mass or more.

（式中、Ｒ^１〜Ｒ^３は、同一若しくは異なって、炭素数５〜１２のアルキル基を表す。ｘ及びｙは、同一若しくは異なって、２〜４の整数を表す。ｎは、０〜１０の整数を表す。）
で表されるアルキルフェノール・塩化硫黄縮合物を含み、前記ゴム成分１００質量％中の前記天然ゴム及び前記ブタジエンゴムの合計含有量が３０質量％以上であり、前記ゴム成分１００質量部に対して、前記アロマオイルの含有量が１２〜８５質量部、前記シリカの含有量が１２〜８５質量部、前記アルキルフェノール・塩化硫黄縮合物の含有量が０．２５〜６．０質量部であり、かつ前記硫黄及び前記アルキルフェノール・塩化硫黄縮合物に含まれる硫黄の合計含有量が０．３〜３質量部であり、前記シリカ及び前記カーボンブラックの合計１００質量％中の該シリカの含有量が４５質量％以上であるスタッドレスタイヤ用ゴム組成物に関する。 The second present invention comprises a rubber component, aroma oil, silica, carbon black, sulfur and the following formula (I):

(In the formula, R ^{1 to} R ³ are the same or different and represent an alkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. X and y are the same or different and represent an integer of 2 to 4. n is 0 to 0. Represents an integer of 10.)
The total content of the natural rubber and the butadiene rubber in 100% by mass of the rubber component is 30% by mass or more, and 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, The aroma oil content is 12 to 85 parts by mass, the silica content is 12 to 85 parts by mass, the alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate content is 0.25 to 6.0 parts by mass, and The total content of sulfur and sulfur contained in the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate is 0.3 to 3 parts by mass, and the content of the silica in the total 100% by mass of the silica and the carbon black is 45% by mass. It is related with the rubber composition for studless tires which is the above.

The rubber composition is preferably used for a tread.
The present invention also relates to a studless tire using the rubber composition in a tread.

According to the present invention, natural rubber, butadiene rubber, aroma oil, silica, carbon black, a mixture of zinc salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid and zinc salt of aromatic carboxylic acid, or alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate and sulfur are further added. Since it is a rubber composition containing a predetermined amount, by using it in a tread, wear resistance, performance on ice and snow, handling stability (especially handling stability on ice and snow), and wet grip performance are excellent in a well-balanced manner. Studless tires can be provided.

In the present invention, the first rubber composition for a studless tire includes a rubber component including natural rubber and butadiene rubber, aroma oil, silica, carbon black, and a zinc salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a zinc salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid. Contains a predetermined amount of the mixture. The second rubber composition for studless tire includes a rubber component including natural rubber and butadiene rubber, aroma oil, silica, carbon black, sulfur, and an alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate represented by the above formula (I). Includes a predetermined amount. For this reason, both the first and second rubber compositions can improve the wear resistance performance, the performance on ice and snow, the handling stability (particularly the handling stability on ice and snow), and the wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner.

In the first and second rubber compositions, natural rubber and butadiene rubber are used in combination as rubber components. Thereby, the low temperature characteristics can be improved and the performance on ice and snow can be improved. Butadiene rubber is an important component for ensuring performance on ice.

As the natural rubber (NR), for example, those generally used in the tire industry such as SIR20, RSS # 3, and TSR20 can be used. Natural rubber (NR) is modified with deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), high-purity natural rubber (HPNR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR), grafted natural rubber, etc. Natural rubber is also included. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As the butadiene rubber (BR), a rubber having a cis content of 80% by mass or more is preferably used. Thereby, abrasion resistance can be improved. The cis content is more preferably 85% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and most preferably 95% by mass or more.

BR preferably has a 5% toluene solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 30 cps or more. If it is less than 30 cps, the workability is greatly deteriorated and the wear resistance may be deteriorated. The toluene solution viscosity is preferably 100 cps or less, more preferably 70 cps or less. If it exceeds 100 cps, processability may be deteriorated.
Furthermore, it is preferable to use BR having Mw / Mn of 3.0 to 3.4 from the viewpoint that both improvement of workability and improvement of wear resistance can be achieved.

The BR is not particularly limited. For example, BR1220 manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., BR130B manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., BR150B having a high cis content such as BR150B, VCR412 manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. BR containing syndiotactic polybutadiene crystals can be used.

The NR content in 100% by mass of the rubber component is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, still more preferably 50% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 55% by mass or more. If it is less than 30% by mass, the breaking strength is greatly reduced, and it may be difficult to ensure wear resistance. The NR content is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, and still more preferably 65% by mass or less. If it exceeds 80% by mass, the low-temperature characteristics may be deteriorated, and the on-ice performance required for the studless tire may not be ensured.

The BR content in 100% by mass of the rubber component is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, still more preferably 30% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 35% by mass or more. By including 10 mass% or more, performance on ice required as a studless tire can be exhibited. The BR content is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, and still more preferably 60% by mass or less. If it exceeds 80% by mass, the processability may be greatly deteriorated and whitening due to chemical bleeding may occur.

The total content of NR and BR in 100% by mass of the rubber component is 30% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and most preferably 100% by mass. The greater the total amount of NR and BR, the better the low-temperature properties and the necessary on-ice performance can be achieved.

You may mix | blend another rubber component in the range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention. Other rubber components include styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), isoprene rubber (IR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rubber (CR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), halogenated butyl rubber ( X-IIR) and the like.

In the first and second rubber compositions, a relatively large amount of aroma oil is used. In the case of mineral oil, since it is excellent in low temperature characteristics, performance on ice and snow can be secured, but wear resistance performance deteriorates. Therefore, even if the wear resistance performance can be ensured by reducing the amount of mineral oil, the performance on ice and snow due to the low temperature characteristics is lowered, and the anti-ice performance on ice and snow and the wear resistance performance cannot be achieved at the same time. On the other hand, the aroma oil can be blended in a large amount, so that the wear resistance performance is hardly lowered. Furthermore, by blending with a large amount of silica, both performance on ice and snow and anti-wear performance can be achieved at a higher level.

In the present invention, as the aroma oil, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon having a mass percentage of 15% by mass or more obtained according to ASTM D2140 is preferably used. That is, the process oil contains aromatic hydrocarbon (C _A ), paraffin hydrocarbon (C _P ), and naphthene hydrocarbon (C _N ) in terms of its molecular structure, and its content ratio C _A (mass% ), _{C P} (wt%), aroma oil according to _{C N} (mass%), paraffin oil, about to be divided into naphthenic oils, in the present invention, _{C a} content ratio thereof is preferably more than 15 wt% 17% by mass or more is more preferable. Also, C _A content ratio in the aromatic oil is preferably 70 mass% or less, more preferably 65 mass% or less.

Examples of commercially available aroma oils include AC-12, AC-460, AH-16, AH-24, AH-58 manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., and Process NC300S manufactured by Japan Energy Co., Ltd. It is done.

The content of the aroma oil is 12 parts by mass or more, preferably 15 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, particularly preferably 45 parts by mass or more, and most preferably 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. That's it. As the aroma oil content increases, the softening effect is obtained and the low temperature characteristics are enhanced, so that the performance on ice and snow can be improved. The content of the aroma oil is preferably 85 parts by mass or less, more preferably 80 parts by mass or less. When it exceeds 85 parts by mass, there is a risk of deterioration of workability, deterioration of wear resistance, deterioration of aging physical properties, and the like.

The first and second rubber compositions contain a relatively large amount of silica. By blending silica with aroma oil, it is possible to achieve both wear resistance and performance on ice and snow, and simultaneously improve wet grip performance, which has been considered a weak point of studless tires. Examples of the silica include silica produced by a wet method, silica produced by a dry method, and the like, but there is no particular limitation.

The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of silica is preferably 80 m ² / g or more, more preferably 120 m ² / g or more, and further preferably 150 m ² / g or more. If it is less than 80 m ² / g, the breaking strength is significantly deteriorated, and it may be difficult to ensure wear resistance. The _N 2 SA of the silica is preferably 250 meters ² / g or less, more preferably 220 m ² / g or less, still more preferably not more than 180 m ² / g. When it exceeds 250 m ² / g, the viscosity of the blended rubber is significantly increased, and the processability may be deteriorated.
The _N 2 SA of silica is a value measured by the BET method in accordance with ASTM D3037-81.

The content of silica is 12 parts by mass or more, preferably 15 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 45 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. By blending 12 parts by mass or more, the performance on ice and snow necessary as a studless tire can be exhibited. The silica content is 85 parts by mass or less, preferably 80 parts by mass or less, more preferably 70 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 60 parts by mass or less. When it exceeds 85 mass parts, workability and workability will deteriorate, and there exists a possibility that the low temperature characteristic may fall by the filler increase.

The rubber composition preferably contains a silane coupling agent together with silica.
As the silane coupling agent, any silane coupling agent conventionally used in combination with silica can be used in the rubber industry. For example, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-tri Ethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (4-triethoxysilylbutyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (4-trimethoxysilyl) Butyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) trisulfide, bis (4-triethoxysilylbutyl) trisulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) Trisulfi Bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) trisulfide, bis (4-trimethoxysilylbutyl) trisulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) disulfide, bis (4 Examples thereof include sulfide systems such as -triethoxysilylbutyl) disulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) disulfide, and bis (4-trimethoxysilylbutyl) disulfide. Of these, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide is preferable because it is inexpensive and easily available. These silane coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 2 parts by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of silica. If it is less than 2 parts by mass, the effect of adding the silane coupling agent may not be sufficiently obtained. The content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 20 parts by mass, the reinforcement and wear resistance may be reduced.

In the present invention, carbon black is blended. Thereby, reinforcement is provided. Further, by using it together with NR, BR, aroma oil, silica, the above mixture or alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate, it is possible to improve wear resistance performance, performance on ice and snow, driving stability, and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner. Carbon black is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include SAF, ISAF, HAF, FF, and GPF.

Carbon black having an average particle size of 31 nm or less and / or a DBP oil absorption of 100 ml / 100 g or more is preferable. By blending such carbon black, necessary reinforcement can be imparted, and block rigidity, uneven wear resistance, and breaking strength can be secured. In addition, the effects of the present invention can be obtained well.

If the average particle size of the carbon black exceeds 31 nm, the breaking strength is greatly deteriorated, and it may be difficult to ensure wear resistance. The average particle diameter is more preferably 25 nm or less, still more preferably 23 nm or less. The average particle diameter is preferably 15 nm or more, more preferably 19 nm or more. If it is less than 15 nm, the viscosity of the blended rubber is significantly increased, and the processability may be deteriorated. In the present invention, the average particle diameter is a number average particle diameter and is measured by a transmission electron microscope.

If the DBP oil absorption amount (dibutyl phthalate oil absorption amount) of carbon black is less than 100 ml / 100 g, the reinforcing property is low, and it may be difficult to ensure wear resistance. The DBP oil absorption is more preferably 105 ml / 100 g or more, and still more preferably 110 ml / 100 g or more. The DBP oil absorption is preferably 160 ml / 100 g or less, more preferably 150 ml / 100 g or less. When it exceeds 160 ml / 100 g, it is difficult to produce carbon itself.
In addition, the DBP oil absorption amount of carbon black is calculated | required by the measuring method of JISK6217-4.

The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of carbon black is preferably 80 m ² / g or more, more preferably 110 m ² / g or more. If it is less than 80 m ² / g, the breaking strength is greatly deteriorated, and it may be difficult to ensure wear resistance. Further, the N ₂ SA of the carbon black is preferably 200 m ² / g or less, more preferably 150 m ² / g or less. When it exceeds 200 m ² / g, the viscosity of the blended rubber is significantly increased, and the processability may be deteriorated.
The N ₂ SA of carbon black is determined by the A method of JIS K6217.

The content of carbon black is preferably 2 parts by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If it is less than 2 parts by mass, the weather resistance and ozone resistance may be significantly inferior. The content is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 15 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 50 parts by mass, the low-temperature characteristics are deteriorated, and the on-ice performance required for the studless tire may not be ensured.

The content of silica in a total of 100% by mass of silica and carbon black is 45% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more. If it is less than 45% by mass, there is a possibility that compatibility between performance on ice and wear resistance cannot be achieved. Further, the content of silica in 100% by mass of silica and carbon black is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 93% by mass or less, and still more preferably 90% by mass or less. If it exceeds 95% by mass, the weather resistance and ozone resistance may be significantly inferior.

The first rubber composition includes a mixture of a zinc salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a zinc salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid in addition to the rubber component, aroma oil, silica, and carbon black. While blending a large amount of aroma oil and a large amount of silica can improve the snow and snow performance and abrasion resistance in a well-balanced manner, the crosslink density of the tread rubber decreases due to the large amount of oil, and the hardness decreases. The steering stability and wet grip performance of the studless tire will deteriorate. In the first rubber composition, since the mixture is further blended, insufficient crosslinking density, which is a drawback of blending a large amount of oil, can be prevented, and the hardness required for the studless tire can be secured. Therefore, in addition to achieving both snow and snow performance and anti-wear performance, improved steering stability (especially snow and snow handling stability) and wet grip performance have also been achieved, resulting in wear resistance, snow and snow performance, steering stability, and wet grip. Performance can be improved in a well-balanced manner.

In addition, reversion (reversion) is said to be a general phenomenon in NR, but if the above mixture is used, not only NR but also BR reversion can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, at any blending ratio of NR and BR, the effect of suppressing reversion by blending the mixture can be obtained, and as a result, the effect of the present invention can also be favorably obtained.

As the aliphatic carboxylic acid in the zinc salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid, palm oil, palm kernel oil, camellia oil, olive oil, almond oil, canola oil, peanut oil, rice sugar oil, cocoa butter, palm oil, soybean oil, Examples include aliphatic carboxylic acids derived from vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, castor oil and rapeseed oil, aliphatic carboxylic acids derived from animal oils such as beef tallow, and aliphatic carboxylic acids chemically synthesized from petroleum. It is also possible to prepare for future reductions in the supply of petroleum, and furthermore, since vulcanization reversion can be sufficiently suppressed, aliphatic carboxylic acids derived from vegetable oils are preferred, and palm oil, palm kernel oil or palm Oil-derived aliphatic carboxylic acids are more preferred.

The aliphatic carboxylic acid preferably has 4 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 6 or more carbon atoms. If the aliphatic carboxylic acid has less than 4 carbon atoms, the dispersibility tends to deteriorate. The carbon number of the aliphatic carboxylic acid is preferably 16 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and still more preferably 12 or less. When the carbon number of the aliphatic carboxylic acid exceeds 16, there is a tendency that the vulcanization return cannot be sufficiently suppressed.

The aliphatic group in the aliphatic carboxylic acid may be a chain structure such as an alkyl group or a cyclic structure such as a cycloalkyl group.

Examples of the aromatic carboxylic acid in the zinc salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid include benzoic acid, phthalic acid, melittic acid, hemimellitic acid, trimellitic acid, diphenic acid, toluic acid, and naphthoic acid. Of these, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, or naphthoic acid is preferable because reversion can be sufficiently suppressed.

The content ratio of the zinc salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid and the zinc salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid in the mixture (molar ratio, zinc salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid / zinc salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid, hereinafter referred to as the content ratio) is 1/20 or more is preferable, 1/15 or more is more preferable, and 1/10 or more is still more preferable. If the content ratio is less than 1/20, it is not possible to consider the environment or prepare for a future reduction in the amount of oil supplied, and the dispersibility and stability of the mixture tend to deteriorate. The content ratio is preferably 20/1 or less, more preferably 15/1 or less, and still more preferably 10/1 or less. When the content ratio exceeds 20/1, there is a tendency that the vulcanization return cannot be sufficiently suppressed.

The zinc content in the mixture is preferably 3% by mass or more, and more preferably 5% by mass or more. If the zinc content in the mixture is less than 3% by mass, there is a tendency that the vulcanization return cannot be sufficiently suppressed. Moreover, 30 mass% or less is preferable and, as for the zinc content rate in a mixture, 25 mass% or less is more preferable. When the zinc content in the mixture exceeds 30% by mass, the workability tends to decrease.

In the first rubber composition, the content of the mixture is 1 part by mass or more, preferably 2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If it is less than 1 part by mass, the improvement effect due to the addition may not be obtained. The content of the mixture is preferably 6 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 4 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3 parts by mass or less. Even if it exceeds 6 parts by mass, the effect due to the increase tends to be not obtained.

On the other hand, the second rubber composition includes an alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate represented by the following formula (I) as a crosslinking agent (vulcanizing agent) in addition to the rubber component, aroma oil, silica, and carbon black. And a predetermined amount of both components of sulfur.

（式中、Ｒ^１〜Ｒ^３は、同一若しくは異なって、炭素数５〜１２のアルキル基を表す。ｘ及びｙは、同一若しくは異なって、２〜４の整数を表す。ｎは、０〜１０の整数を表す。）
これにより、第一のゴム組成物での上記混合物の配合と同様の作用効果を奏すことから、耐摩耗性能、氷雪上性能、操縦安定性、ウエットグリップ性能をバランス良く改善できる。

(In the formula, R ^{1 to} R ³ are the same or different and represent an alkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. X and y are the same or different and represent an integer of 2 to 4. n is 0 to 0. Represents an integer of 10.)
Thus, the same effects as the blending of the above mixture with the first rubber composition can be achieved, so that the wear resistance performance, performance on snow and snow, handling stability, and wet grip performance can be improved in a well-balanced manner.

n is an integer of 0 to 10 and preferably an integer of 1 to 9 from the viewpoint of good dispersibility of the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate in the rubber component. x and y are integers of 2 to 4 from the viewpoint that high hardness can be efficiently expressed (reversion suppression), and both are preferably 2. R ^{1 to} R ³ are alkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl groups having 6 to 9 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of good dispersibility of the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate in the rubber component.

The alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate can be prepared by a known method and is not particularly limited. For example, a method of reacting alkylphenol and sulfur chloride at a molar ratio of 1: 0.9 to 1.25, etc. Is mentioned.

Specific examples of the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate include Takkol V200 (formula (II) below) manufactured by Taoka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

（式中、ｎは０〜１０の整数を表す。）

(In the formula, n represents an integer of 0 to 10.)

The sulfur content of the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate is a ratio obtained by heating to 800 to 1000 ° C. in a combustion furnace and converting it into SO ₂ gas or SO ₃ gas, optically quantifying it from the amount of gas generated. Say.

In the second rubber composition, the content of the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate is 0.25 parts by mass or more, preferably 1 part by mass or more, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If the amount is less than 0.25 parts by mass, the effect of improving the steering stability and wet grip performance may not be obtained due to insufficient crosslinking density. The content is 6.0 parts by mass or less, preferably 5.0 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 6.0 parts by mass, the crosslinking density becomes too high, the fracture strength is lowered, and the wear resistance may be lowered.

Examples of sulfur include powdered sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, insoluble sulfur, and highly dispersible sulfur.
In the second rubber composition, the sulfur content is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 0.7 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. That's it. If it is less than 0.2 parts by mass, the steering stability and wet grip performance may not be improved. The content is preferably 4 parts by mass or less, more preferably 3 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 2 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 4 parts by mass, the crosslinking density becomes too high, the fracture strength is lowered, and the wear resistance may be lowered.
The sulfur content is the amount of pure sulfur. When insoluble sulfur is used, it means the amount of pure sulfur excluding oil.

In both cross-linking agents used in the second rubber composition, the total content of sulfur and sulfur contained in the alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Is 0.7 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1.0 part by mass or more. If the amount is less than 0.3 part by mass, the steering stability and wet grip performance may not be improved. The total content is 3 parts by mass or less, preferably 2.5 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 2.3 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 3 parts by mass, the crosslinking density becomes too high, the fracture strength is lowered, and the wear resistance may be lowered.
In addition, the total content of sulfur is the total amount as pure sulfur.

In addition to the above components, the first and second rubber compositions include compounding agents conventionally used in the rubber industry, such as other fillers, stearic acid, antioxidants, anti-aging agents, zinc oxide, additives. A sulfur accelerator may be contained. Moreover, you may mix | blend sulfur (vulcanizing agent) also with a 1st rubber composition.

Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include sulfenamide vulcanization accelerators [N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide (TBBS), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide (CBS), N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide (DCBS), N, N-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, etc.], guanidine vulcanization accelerators (diphenylguanidine (DPG), diorthotri Guanidine, triphenylguanidine, orthotolylbiguanide, diphenylguanidine phthalate, etc.) are preferred, and in particular, the combined use of TBBS and DPG is particularly preferred.

The rubber composition of the present invention can be suitably used for a tread of a studless tire, and can be particularly suitably used for a cap tread which is a surface layer of a tread having a multilayer structure. For example, it is suitable for a surface layer of a tread having a two-layer structure [a surface layer (cap tread) and an inner surface layer (base tread)].

Although the rubber composition of the present invention can be applied to trucks and buses, it is particularly preferable to use it for studless tires for passenger cars, in which handling stability on snow or ice is important.

Using the rubber composition of the present invention, a studless tire can be produced by a usual method. That is, it can be produced by producing each tire member such as a tread using the rubber composition, bonding together with other members, and heating and pressing on a tire molding machine.

The present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Hereinafter, various chemicals used in Reference Examples, Examples and Comparative Examples will be described together.
NR: RSS # 3
BR: BR150B manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. (cis 1,4 bond 97 mass%, ML _{1 + 4} (100 ° C.) 40, 5% toluene solution viscosity at 25 ° C. 48 cps, Mw / Mn 3.3)
Carbon black: N220 (N ₂ SA: 120 m ² / g, average particle size: 23 nm, DBP oil absorption: 115 ml / 100 g) manufactured by Cabot Japan
Silica: Ultrasil VN3 manufactured by Degussa (N ₂ SA: 175 m ² / g)
Silane coupling agent: Si266 (bis- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide) manufactured by Degussa
Aroma oil: Process oil NC300S manufactured by Japan Energy Co., Ltd. (Aromatic hydrocarbon (C _A ) amount: 29% by mass)
Stearic acid: Paulownia mixture manufactured by NOF Corporation (mixture of zinc salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid and zinc salt of aromatic carboxylic acid): Activator 73A ((i) zinc salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid) : Zinc salt of fatty acid (carbon number: 8-12) derived from palm oil, (ii) Zinc aromatic carboxylic acid: Zinc benzoate, Molar content: 1/1, Zinc content: 17% by mass)
Zinc oxide: Zinc oxide type 2 anti-aging agent manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd .: NOCRACK 6C (N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N'-phenyl-p- manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) Phenylenediamine)
Wax: Ozoace wax manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd. Sulfur: Sulfur powder manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd. V200: Takiroll V200 manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd. (alkylphenol and sulfur chloride represented by formula (II) Condensate, n: 0 to 10, x and y: 2, R ^{1 to} R ³ : C ₈ H ₁₇ (octyl group), sulfur content: 24% by mass)
Vulcanization accelerator TBBS: Noxeller NS (N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide) manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Vulcanization accelerator DPG: Noxeller D (N, N'-diphenylguanidine) manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.

Reference Examples 1 to 3, Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6
Using a Banbury mixer, the amount of chemicals shown in Step 1 of Tables 1 and 2 was added and kneaded for 5 minutes so that the discharge temperature was about 150 ° C. After that, to the mixture obtained in the step 1, sulfur of the blending amount shown in the step 2, the vulcanization accelerator, and V200 are added and kneaded for 3 minutes under the condition of about 80 ° C. using an open roll. An unvulcanized rubber composition was obtained. The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was press vulcanized at 170 ° C. for 10 minutes to prepare a vulcanized rubber composition (vulcanized rubber sheet).
The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was molded into a tread shape, bonded to another tire member, and vulcanized at 170 ° C. for 15 minutes to produce a test studless tire.

Vulcanized rubber sheets and test studless tires were evaluated by the following methods.

(1) Hardness The hardness of the vulcanized rubber sheet was measured at 0 ° C. with a type A durometer according to “Hardness test method of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber” of JIS K6253. Comparative example 1 was taken as 100 and displayed as an index.

(2) Glass transition temperature (Tg)
A test piece of a predetermined size was prepared from the vulcanized rubber sheet, and an initial strain of 10%, a dynamic strain of 0.5%, a frequency of 10 Hz, and an amplitude of ± 0 using a viscoelastic spectrometer VES manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho Co., Ltd. The tan δ peak temperature was measured from a temperature dispersion curve of tan δ at a temperature of −100 to 100 ° C. measured at 25% and a temperature increase rate of 2 ° C./min, and the temperature was defined as Tg.

(3) Tensile test A test piece was cut out from the vulcanized rubber composition, and a tensile test was conducted using a No. 3 dumbbell in accordance with JIS K6251 “vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber—how to obtain tensile properties”. The breaking strength (TB) of the blend was measured. Comparative example 1 was taken as 100 and displayed as an index. The larger the index, the better the strength.

(4) Ice and snow performance (braking performance)
Using the test studless tire, the actual vehicle performance was evaluated on snow and ice under the following conditions. In addition, 195 / 65R15 size DS-2 pattern studless tires for passenger cars were manufactured as studless tires, and these tires were mounted on domestic 2000cc FR cars. The test place was the Hokkaido Nayoro Test Course of Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. The temperature on ice was -1 to -6 ° C and the temperature on snow was -2 to -10 ° C.
Braking performance (on-ice braking stop distance): The stop distance on ice required to depress and stop the lock brake at a speed of 30 km / h was measured. Using Comparative Example 1 as a reference, the index was expressed by the following formula.
(Braking performance index) = (braking stop distance of comparative example 1) / (stop distance of each formulation) × 100
The larger the index, the better the braking performance on ice and snow.

(5) Performance on ice and snow (steering stability)
Using the test studless tire, the actual vehicle performance was evaluated on snow and ice in the same manner as described above.
Handling performance (feeling evaluation): Starting, accelerating and stopping were evaluated by feeling using the above vehicle. Feeling evaluation is based on the comparative example 1 as 100, and the test driver judged that the performance was clearly improved was 120, and a good level that was never seen so far was 140. I put it on.

(6) Wet grip performance Using the test studless tire (tire size 195 / 65R15), the vehicle runs on a wet asphalt road test course, and grip performance (grip feeling, brake performance, traction performance) The feeling evaluation was performed. Feeling evaluation is based on the comparative example 1 as 100, and the test driver judged that the performance was clearly improved was 120, and a good level that was never seen so far was 140. I put it on.

(7) Abrasion resistance The test studless tire (tire size 195 / 65R15) was mounted on a domestic FF vehicle, and the groove search of the tire tread portion after a running distance of 8000 km was measured. The travel distance when the tire groove depth was reduced by 1 mm was calculated from the measured value, and indexed by the following formula.
(Abrasion resistance index) = (travel distance when 1 mm groove depth decreases) / (travel distance when tire groove of Comparative Example 1 decreases by 1 mm) × 100
It shows that abrasion resistance is so favorable that an index | exponent is large.

The evaluation results of the above tests are shown in Tables 1-2.

In Table 1, in the reference example using the mixture, the braking performance on ice and snow, the wear resistance performance, the wet grip performance were good, and the handling stability on ice and snow was also excellent. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which the mixture was not blended or the blending amount was small, the handling stability on ice and snow was poor, and the wear resistance performance and wet grip performance were also poor. Further, in Comparative Example 4 in which the amount of sulfur (crosslinking agent) was increased without blending the mixture, although the handling stability and wet grip performance on ice and snow were improved, the wear resistance was greatly reduced and the braking performance on ice and snow was also improved. The performance balance was greatly deteriorated.

In Table 2, in the examples in which the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate was used and the amount of sulfur was adjusted, the balance of all the performances was excellent. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 5 where the amount of the condensate is large and the amount of sulfur is large, the wear resistance is greatly reduced and the braking performance on ice and snow is reduced, and the performance balance is greatly deteriorated. Moreover, although the appropriate amount of the condensate was blended, in Comparative Example 6 having a small amount of sulfur, the handling stability on ice and snow, the wear resistance performance, and the wet grip performance were greatly reduced, and the performance balance was also greatly deteriorated.

Claims (3)

Rubber component, aroma oil, silica, carbon black, sulfur and the following formula (I);

(In the formula, R ^{1 to} R ³ are the same or different and represent an alkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. X and y are the same or different and represent an integer of 2 to 4. n is 0 to 0. Represents an integer of 10.)
Including an alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate represented by
The total content of the natural rubber and the butadiene rubber in 100% by mass of the rubber component is 30% by mass or more,
The content of the aroma oil is 12 to 85 parts by mass, the content of the silica is 12 to 85 parts by mass, and the content of the alkylphenol / sulfur chloride condensate is 0.25 to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. 6.0 parts by mass, and the total content of sulfur contained in the sulfur and the alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate is 0.3 to 3 parts by mass,
A rubber composition for a studless tire, wherein a content of the silica in a total of 100% by mass of the silica and the carbon black is 45% by mass or more. The rubber composition for studless tires according to claim 1, which is used for a tread. A studless tire using the rubber composition according to claim 1 or 2 for a tread.