JP5299644B2 - Alcohol detector - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an alcohol detection device for detecting the alcohol concentration in exhaled breath discharged from a user.

  This specification demonstrates the alcohol detection apparatus mounted in a vehicle (for example, motor vehicle). In recent years, drunk driving of vehicles has become a serious social problem, and it is strictly forbidden for a driver to drive a vehicle in a drunk state. In order to secure this, inventions of various types of vehicle alcohol detection devices have been filed.

  Various technologies have been disclosed as alcohol detection devices. However, in the case of the conventional alcohol detection device, a good detection result can be obtained when the driver blows weak exhalation, but when the user blows strong exhalation, when the exhalation passes through the sensor part The flow rate becomes large and it becomes difficult to obtain a stable measurement result.

  As a system for measuring ethanol in exhaled breath, there is a technique disclosed in Patent Document 1. However, it is difficult to always obtain a stable measurement result when the driver blows a strong breath only with this technique.

JP 2009-300199 A

  In view of the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an alcohol detection device capable of obtaining a good detection result even when a user blows in exhaled air.

The present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
A case body provided with an exhalation entrance for introducing exhalation exhaled by the user;
A fan that is disposed on the downstream side of the exhalation inlet in the case body so as to oppose the exhalation inlet, and further sends the exhalation of the user that has flowed in through the exhalation inlet to the downstream side;
A sensor that is disposed on the downstream side of the fan in the case body and detects alcohol content in the breath of the user sent by the fan;
A gap is formed as a space between the exhalation inlet of the case body and the fan, and the cross-sectional area of the space that intersects the rotation axis of the fan at a right angle intersects the exhalation flow at the exhalation inlet at a right angle. It is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas in the plane,
A baffle plate having a vent hole disposed between the fan and the sensor is provided .

  The alcohol detection device according to the present invention is configured as described above, and a space for temporarily stopping the user's breath is formed. The exhaled air that has flowed in from the exhalation inlet of the case body is stopped in the space portion to reduce its flow rate. As a result, the exhaled breath in a turbulent state becomes a state close to a laminar flow, and is sent to the downstream sensor portion by the fan in this state, so that a good measurement result can always be obtained.

The fan includes a rotating shaft portion and a plurality of blade portions protruding in a radial direction from an outer peripheral surface thereof,
The length of the exhalation in the space portion in the exhalation direction may be not less than half the protrusion length of the blade part from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft part and not more than the protrusion length.

The second invention for solving the above-described problems is as follows.
A case body provided with an exhalation entrance for introducing exhalation exhaled by the user;
In the case body, the rotary shaft portion and the outer peripheral surface thereof are arranged on the downstream side of the exhalation inlet in the case body so as to face the exhalation inlet, and to send the exhalation of the user flowing in through the exhalation inlet further downstream. A fan having a plurality of blade portions protruding in a radial direction from the fan,
A sensor that is disposed on the downstream side of the fan in the case body and detects alcohol content in the breath of the user sent by the fan;
The exhalation inlet of the case body is provided at a position facing the rotating shaft portion of the fan.

  In this invention, since the exhalation inlet of the case body is provided at a position facing the rotating shaft portion of the fan, the exhaled air blown by the user hits the rotating shaft portion of the fan, and the flow rate is reduced to reduce the downstream sensor. Since it is sent to the part, a good measurement result is always obtained.

A third invention for solving the above-described problem is as follows.
A case body provided with an exhalation entrance for introducing exhalation exhaled by the user;
A fan that is arranged on the downstream side of the exhalation inlet in the case body so as to face the exhalation inlet, and further sends the exhalation of the user that has flowed in through the exhalation inlet to the downstream side;
A sensor that is disposed on the downstream side of the fan in the case body, and detects an alcohol content in a breath of a user sent by the fan;
The sensor is disposed between the fan and the sensor, applies the exhalation of a user sent by the fan, temporarily stops the exhalation between the fan and the sensor, and then sends the exhalation downstream to the sensor. A baffle plate for contact with the
It is characterized by having.

  In the present invention, since the baffle plate is provided between the fan and the sensor, the exhaled air blown by the user hits the baffle plate, and the flow rate is reduced and sent to the downstream sensor. Thereby, a good measurement result is always obtained.

The fan includes a rotating shaft portion and a plurality of blade portions protruding in a radial direction from an outer peripheral surface thereof,
A portion of the baffle plate that faces the axis of the rotary shaft is provided with a vent for sending the user's breath to the downstream side,
The inner diameter of the vent hole is such that the exhaled air sent to the downstream side by the fan hits the baffle plate and flows back to the upstream side, and hits the rotating shaft portion of the fan before being sent to the portion where the sensor is provided. It is desirable to make it smaller than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft portion.

A fourth invention for solving the above-described problem is as follows.
A case body provided with an exhalation entrance for introducing exhalation exhaled by the user;
A first baffle plate disposed on the downstream side of the exhalation inlet in the case body for temporarily stopping by applying the exhalation of a user who has flowed through the exhalation inlet;
A sensor that is disposed on the downstream side of the first baffle plate in the case body and detects alcohol in the breath of the user sent over the first baffle plate;
A second baffle plate disposed between the first baffle plate and the sensor for applying and holding the breath before the user's breath comes into contact with the sensor;
It is characterized by having.

  In the present invention, a first baffle plate is provided instead of the fan, and a second baffle plate is provided between the first baffle plate and the sensor. For this reason, exhaled air blown by the user hits the first baffle plate, lowers the flow velocity thereof, further strikes the second baffle plate, and is sent to the portion where the downstream sensor is provided. Thereby, a good measurement result is always obtained.

  In addition, in the case of the present invention, since a fan is unnecessary, a significant cost reduction is possible.

  Then, by providing the first baffle plate with a vent hole, a good measurement result can be obtained even when the user blows weak exhalation.

  And these alcohol detection apparatuses are mounted in a vehicle, and a user can make it the form which blows in exhalation by bringing the exhalation entrance of a case body close to own mouth.

It is the schematic of the driver's seat where the alcohol detection apparatus 101 of 1st Example was mounted. 1 is an overall perspective view of an alcohol detection device 101 according to a first embodiment. It is an exploded perspective view similarly. 2 is a perspective view of an alcohol detection sensor 16. FIG. (A) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the alcohol detection apparatus 101 of 1st Example, (b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the alcohol detection apparatus 100 of a comparative example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the alcohol detection apparatus 102 of 2nd Example. (A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the alcohol detection device 103 of the third embodiment, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified alcohol detection device 103 ′. (A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the alcohol detection device 104 of the fourth embodiment, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified alcohol detection device 104 ′.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In this specification, an alcohol detection device mounted on a vehicle will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a driver's seat on which the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment is mounted, FIG. 2 is an overall perspective view of the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment, FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an alcohol detection sensor 16. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment is attached to the driver's seat of a vehicle (automobile). For example, the alcohol detection device 101 is detachably connected to the instrument panel 1 of the driver's seat with a cable 2. When the driver M (user) seated in the driver's seat tries to start the engine of the vehicle, the driver M blows the breath on the alcohol detection device 101. If the alcohol concentration in the exhalation is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the alcohol detection ECU (not shown) determines that the driver M is not in a drunk state and permits the engine to start. If the alcohol concentration in the exhalation exceeds a predetermined value, the ECU (not shown) of the alcohol detection device 101 determines that the driver M is in a drunk state and does not allow the engine to start. This prevents drunk driving.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment is a composite gas sensor in which a plurality of types of sensors (described later) are mounted on a case body 5 including a front panel 3 and a rear panel 4. As a form. A frame member 6 is internally provided in the case body 5, and a fan 7 and a sensor support member 8 are attached to the frame member 6. The sensor support member 8 has a fixed plate portion 9 for fixing the fan 7, a first support portion 11 having a tapered cylindrical shape for flowing exhalation smoothly, and a straight cylindrical shape for fixing each sensor. And a second support portion 12. Each sensor (temperature sensor 14, humidity sensor 15, alcohol detection sensor 16, and oxygen sensor 17) mounted on the substrate 13 is supported on the second support portion 12 of the sensor support member 8.

  The case body 5 formed integrally with the front panel 3 and the rear panel 4 has a size that can be easily gripped by the driver M (see FIG. 1). 3a and 4a are continuously thinned. And in the front part of the front panel 3, an inhalation hole 18 (exhalation inlet) for passing the exhaled air blown by the driver M is provided. In the case of the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment, a large number of small-diameter intake holes 18 are provided.

  The fan 7 fixed to the fixing plate portion 9 of the sensor support member 8 is assembled to the frame member 6 so as to face the intake hole 18 of the front panel 3. The driving means of the fan 7 is, for example, an outer rotor type brushless DC motor, and includes a frame portion 19, a rotary shaft portion 21 that is rotatably supported by the frame portion 19, and a plurality of protrusions that protrude radially from the outer peripheral surface thereof. And eight blade portions 22 in the case of the present embodiment. The frame member 6 is attached with a substrate 24 on which a speaker 23 is mounted and a switch substrate 27 on which a liquid crystal panel 25 and a switch 26 are mounted. The liquid crystal panel 25 displays the detection result of the alcohol concentration of the driver M as characters and is visible to the driver M from the display window 28 of the front panel 3. The switch 26 energizes the fan 7, the sensors 14 to 17, the speaker 23 and the liquid crystal panel 25 to enable the alcohol detection device 101 to operate. The switch 26 is disposed in a protruding state in a window 29 provided on the side wall of the front panel 3 and is operated by pressing a knob 31. In FIG. 3, 32 is a bush for protecting the cable 2 of the alcohol detection device 101, and 33 is an exhaust hole provided in the rear panel 4.

  The exhaled air blown to the intake hole 18 of the front panel 3 by the driver M passes through the intake hole 18 and is sent out to the sensor support member 8 by the fan 7. At this time, exhaled air is agitated by the fan 7, and exhaled air and outside air (air flowing in simultaneously with exhaled air and air existing in the sensor support member 7 in advance) are mixed. Then, after the alcohol concentration of exhaled air is detected by contacting each of the sensors 14 to 17, the air is exhausted from the exhaust hole 33 of the rear panel 4 to the outside (vehicle interior).

  Next, each sensor 14-17 is demonstrated. The temperature sensor 14 is called a “thermistor”, for example, and is a ceramic semiconductor made of an oxide such as nickel, cobalt, or manganese. The temperature of the exhalation changes depending on the method of blowing the exhalation by the driver M. For example, when the exhaled breath blown by the driver M is generated from the body (lung), the temperature is high and it is easy to determine whether or not it contains alcohol. However, when it originates in the mouth or is sprayed by unauthorized means, the temperature is low. It also changes depending on the outside temperature. For this reason, the temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature of the exhalation to determine whether or not it is the exhalation from the lungs of the driver M.

  The humidity sensor 15 is a sensor (for example, a capacitance change type humidity sensor) that measures the humidity of the air when the electrical conductivity or capacitance of the sensor element changes due to a change in the amount of moisture in the air. Here, the alcohol detection sensor 16 may also react to humidity in the outside air. Further, since the breath of the driver M contains alcohol even if the driver M is not drunk, the alcohol detection sensor 16 detects the alcohol in the breath in the normal state (the state that is not drunk). May end up. For this reason, by monitoring the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 15, even if the alcohol detection sensor 16 detects the humidity of the outside air or alcohol in the normal state of expiration, those detected values can be prevented from being adopted. .

  As shown in FIG. 4, the alcohol detection sensor 16 is a semiconductor type gas sensor, and the electric conductivity (electric resistance) due to adsorption of gas (alcohol in breath) on the surface of a metal oxide (for example, tin oxide) semiconductor. ) Is measured. A gas sensitive element 35 (metal oxide semiconductor) is installed on the upper surface of the base member 34, and the periphery thereof is covered with a metal cap 36. A window 36 a is provided on the upper surface of the cap 36, and the window 36 a is covered with a mesh 37 having a double wire mesh structure. The mesh 37 reduces the influence of the detected exhalation flow rate.

  The oxygen sensor 17 detects the oxygen concentration of exhaled breath that is diluted by being mixed with outside air, and may be, for example, one using a zirconia solid electrolyte. Here, the oxygen concentration in the outside air in the passenger compartment is almost constant even when the weather and the number of passengers change. However, the oxygen concentration of exhaled air (in other words, the dilution rate of exhaled air) is lower than the oxygen concentration of outside air even when diluted with outside air. That is, by monitoring changes in the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen sensor 17, it is possible to determine whether or not the air in the sensor support member 8 contains exhaled air.

  The alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment will be described in more detail. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the alcohol detection device 101 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is assumed to be designed in a normal state (a state in which the above-described problems are not assumed). 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the alcohol detection device 100, which is shown as a comparative example for clarifying the difference from the present invention. In the following drawings, only the alcohol detection sensor 16 and the oxygen sensor 17 are illustrated as sensors.

  When the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5A is compared with the alcohol detection device 100 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 5B, the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment is as follows. The gap e between the front panel 3 and the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7 is longer than the gap e ′ in the alcohol detection device 100 of the comparative example. That is, if the gap e ′ in the alcohol detection device 100 is 1 to 2 mm, the gap e of the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment is about 5 mm, and a large space is formed between the front panel 3 and the fan 7. Q is formed.

  When the driver M blows strong exhalation A into the intake holes 18 of the alcohol detection devices 100 and 101, in the case of the alcohol detection device 100 of the comparative example, the exhalation A is immediately agitated by the fan 7 and sent downstream. The Depending on the exhalation A, as indicated by an arrow 38 in FIG. 5B, the sensor portion (the sensors 14 to 17 are arranged in the sensor support member 8 by passing through the gap of the blade portion 22 of the fan 7 and at a large flow velocity. Some parts are sent to a portion that is a part (that is, the second support part 12). Then, it becomes difficult to obtain a stable measurement result.

  On the other hand, in the case of the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment, the exhaled breath A that has been blown is temporarily stopped in the space portion Q and then sent to the downstream side by the fan 7. In (a) of FIG. 5, the expiration | expired_air which has stopped in the space part Q is shown with code | symbol A '. That is, the strong exhalation A blown by the driver M becomes weak exhalation A ′ whose flow velocity is reduced by stopping in the space portion Q, and is agitated by the fan 7 to be a downstream sensor portion (second support portion). 12). In addition, when the expiratory air A in the turbulent state is stopped in the space portion Q and the flow velocity is reduced, the expiratory air A ′ is in a state close to a laminar flow, and is sent to the downstream sensor portion by the fan 7. This state is indicated by an arrow 39. As a result, even when the driver M blows in the exhalation A strongly or weakly, the flow rate when the exhalation A passes through the sensor portion is small and constant so that it is always stable. Measurement results can be obtained.

  The gap e of the space portion Q is, for example, not less than half of the protrusion length H of the blade portion 22 of the fan 7 (the protrusion length in the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft portion 21) and not more than the protrusion length H. Can do.

  Next, the alcohol detection apparatus 102 of 2nd Example is demonstrated. In the following embodiments, the same members as those of the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and different portions from the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment will be described. In the alcohol detection device 100 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 5B, the intake hole 18 of the front panel 3 is not only in the portion facing the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7 but also in the portion facing the blade portion 22. Is also provided. As a result, the exhaled air A that is strongly blown by the user may be sent to the downstream side through the blade portion 22 at the same high flow rate. On the other hand, in the alcohol detection device 102 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the intake hole 41 in the front panel 3 is provided at a position facing the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7 and its size ( The hole diameter d1) is smaller than the outer diameter D of the rotating shaft portion 21. The strong exhalation A blown by the driver M is divided into one that collides with the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7 and flows backward, and one that flows around and is sent to the downstream sensor portion by the fan 7. Here, since the hole diameter d1 of the intake hole 41 is smaller than the outer diameter D of the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7, most of the strong exhalation A blown by the driver M flows backward, and the remaining part of the exhalation A Is reduced to a laminar flow and sent to the downstream sensor portion. In other words, the exhaled air A blown by the driver M is prevented from passing through the gap of the blade portion 22 of the fan 7 as it is. Accordingly, even when the driver M blows in the exhalation A strongly or weakly, the flow rate when the exhalation A passes through the sensor portion is small and constant, so that it is always stable. Measurement results can be obtained.

  Next, the alcohol detection device 103 of the third embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 7A, the alcohol detection device 103 according to the third embodiment is located downstream of the fan 7 by a distance L between the fan 7 and the sensors 16 and 17 in the sensor support member 8. A ring-shaped baffle plate 42 is attached at a distant position. A vent hole 42 a through which exhaled air A passes is provided at the axial center portion of the baffle plate 42. The hole diameter d <b> 2 of the vent hole 42 a of the baffle plate 42 is smaller than the outer diameter D of the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7. Of the strong exhaled air A that the driver M has blown in, the air that has passed through the gap of the blade portion 22 of the fan 7 will hit the baffle plate 42, will flow backward, hit the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7, and reduce its flow rate; It is sent to the sensor portion through a vent hole 42a having a hole diameter d2 smaller than the outer diameter D of the rotating shaft portion 21. Accordingly, even when the driver M blows in the exhalation A strongly or weakly, the flow rate when the exhalation A passes through the sensor portion is small and constant, so that it is always stable. Measurement results can be obtained.

  Further, as in the alcohol detection device 103 ′ of the modified example of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7B, the distance L ′ between the rotating shaft portion 21 of the fan 7 and the baffle plate 42 is set as in the third embodiment. The space between the fan 7 and the baffle plate 42 may be made larger than the distance L in the alcohol detection device 103. As a result, the flow rate of exhaled air A is further reduced, so that the state becomes closer to a laminar flow and is sent to the sensor portion. The distance L ′ of the space can be, for example, not less than the protruding length H of the blade portion 22 of the fan 7.

  Next, the alcohol detection device 104 of the fourth embodiment will be described. The alcohol detection device 104 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 8A is obtained by installing another baffle plate 43 in place of the fan 7 in the alcohol detection device 103 of the third embodiment. In other words, the alcohol detection device 104 of the fourth embodiment includes two baffle plates (a first baffle plate 43 and a second baffle plate 44). The first and second baffle plates 43 and 44 are arranged in this order at a predetermined distance from the front panel 3 side. The configuration of the second baffle plate 44 is the same as that of the baffle plate 42 of the alcohol detection device 103 of the third embodiment. The first baffle plate 43 is about the same size as the second baffle plate 44, and the front panel is placed in the frame portion 45 having the same size as the frame portion 19 of the fan 7 of the alcohol detection device 101 of the first embodiment. 3 are arranged so as to face the three intake holes 18. And between the front panel 3 and the first baffle plate 43, between the first baffle plate 43 and the second baffle plate 44, and between the outer peripheral surface of the second baffle plate 44 and the inner peripheral surface of the frame body 45. Space portions Q1, Q2, and Q3 are respectively formed.

  The strong exhalation A blown by the driver M hits the first baffle plate 43 in the space portion Q1 to reduce its flow velocity, wraps around the space portion Q3, hits the second baffle plate 44 in the space portion Q2, and flows backward, further reducing the flow velocity. As a result, it becomes a state close to a laminar flow, and is sent to the sensor portion through the vent hole 44a. In addition, exhaled air A that has directly entered the space portion Q3 hits the second baffle plate 44 in the space portion Q2 to flow backward, further reduces the flow velocity, becomes a state close to laminar flow, and is sent to the sensor portion through the vent hole 44a. The As a result, even when the driver M blows in the exhalation A strongly, the flow rate when the exhalation A passes through the sensor portion is small and constant, so that a stable measurement result can be obtained.

  In the case of the alcohol detection device 104 of this embodiment, when the user blows in the weak exhalation A, the flow rate is lowered and the exhalation A may not be sent to the downstream sensor portion. In order to prevent this, as in the alcohol detection device 104 ′ of the modified example of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 8B, a large number of thin ventilation holes 43a are formed in the first baffle plate 43 in the axial direction (exhalation A). (Sending direction) may be provided. As a result, even when the first baffle plate 43 is provided with the vent holes 43a, most of the exhaled air A that is in a turbulent state due to the driver M blowing strongly hits the first baffle plate 43 and flows backward. Therefore, the measurement result of the sensor is not adversely affected. It is desirable that the hole diameter of the vent hole 43a of the first baffle plate 43 is smaller than the hole diameter of one exhalation hole 18 of the front panel 3.

  As a result, regardless of the strength of the exhalation A blown by the driver M, the flow rate of the exhalation A can be reduced and sent to the downstream sensor portion. The alcohol detectors 104 and 104 ′ according to the fourth embodiment do not require the fan 7, so that the cost can be significantly reduced.

  In the alcohol detection devices 101 to 104, 101 ′, and 104 ′ of the first to fourth embodiments, the alcohol detection sensor 16 and the oxygen sensor 17 are arranged on the same circumference with respect to the direction of exhalation A delivery. ing. However, they may be arranged in series along the delivery direction of exhalation A.

  In the present specification, the case where the alcohol detection devices 101 to 104, 101 ', and 104' of the first to fourth embodiments are mounted on a vehicle has been described. However, you may use said alcohol detection apparatus 101-104, 101 ', 104' for uses other than being mounted in a vehicle.

  The present invention can be used for an alcohol detection device of a vehicle (for example, an automobile).

101-104, 103 ′, 104 ′ Alcohol detection device 5 Case body 7 Fan 14 Temperature sensor (sensor)
15 Humidity sensor (sensor)
16 Alcohol detection sensor (sensor)
17 Oxygen sensor (sensor)
18, 41 Inhalation hole (exhalation inlet)
21 Rotating shaft part 22 Blade part 42, 43, 44 Baffle plate 43a Vent hole A, A 'Exhalation M Driver (user)
Q space

Claims (3)

A case body provided with an exhalation entrance for introducing exhalation exhaled by the user;
A fan that is disposed on the downstream side of the exhalation inlet in the case body so as to oppose the exhalation inlet, and further sends the exhalation of the user that has flowed in through the exhalation inlet to the downstream side;
A sensor that is disposed on the downstream side of the fan in the case body and detects alcohol content in the breath of the user sent by the fan;
A gap is formed as a space between the exhalation inlet of the case body and the fan, and the cross-sectional area of the space that intersects the rotation axis of the fan at a right angle intersects the exhalation flow at the exhalation inlet at a right angle. It is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas in the plane,
An alcohol detection apparatus comprising a baffle plate having a vent hole disposed between the fan and the sensor . The fan includes a rotating shaft portion and a plurality of blade portions protruding in a radial direction from an outer peripheral surface thereof,
The vent hole is provided in a portion of the baffle plate that faces the axis of the rotation shaft portion,
The inner diameter of the vent hole is such that the exhaled air sent to the downstream side by the fan hits the baffle plate and flows back to the upstream side, and hits the rotating shaft portion of the fan before being sent to the portion where the sensor is provided. The alcohol detection device according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol detection device is smaller than an outer diameter of the rotating shaft portion . The alcohol detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol detection device is mounted on a vehicle and a user blows in exhalation while bringing an exhalation inlet of the case body close to his / her mouth .

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