JP5285007B2 - DC current switch - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a DC current switch capable of handling a DC high voltage and / or a DC large current.

Conventionally, when high-voltage and / or large-current direct current is interrupted, arc discharge occurs, and direct current is not easy to interrupt. The alternating current is converted into direct current on the load side at the end and supplied to the load.
However, recently, high-voltage DC power supply with excellent power efficiency has been studied in connection with CO ₂ emission suppression.
Therefore, in the high voltage and / or large current DC power supply system, it is necessary to solve the above-described problem that DC interruption is difficult.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-208829

Patent Document 1 relates to a DC circuit breaker, but has the following problems.
Hereinafter, paragraph “0028” of the specification of this application will be described with reference to the following.
“As shown in FIG. 1, this circuit breaker includes a pair of leaf springs 10 (elastic electrodes) fixed to the conductive support plate 11 and a fixed electrode 20 that is always in contact with the leaf spring 10. In this way, the insulating plate 30 is inserted / removed between the fixed electrode 20 and the fixed electrode 20 to conduct / cut off. ”The above is a part of the description of Patent Document 1.
In general, the conductive contact portion of both electrodes in a switch (switch), regardless of whether it is direct current or alternating current, is subjected to surface processing by unevenness, and when both electrodes are closed (conductive state), the conductive contact portion of both electrodes The convex portions of the two are in contact with each other and are conductive. Therefore, it is difficult to insert an object between both conductive contact portions (even if it is a tapered plate).
Further, in order to facilitate the insertion, if the conductive contact portions are not formed with irregularities and are made smooth, an oxide film is generated on the conductive contact portions due to secular change, and the conductive state in the conductive contact portions is Getting worse.
When the surface of the conductive contact portion is processed by unevenness, the oxide film is scraped off while the conductive contact portion repeats contact / non-contact, and the conduction of both conductive contact portions is maintained.

In view of the above situation, the present invention makes it easy to insert an object (a plate-like insulator) and suppress arc discharge even when both conductive contact portions are uneven.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.
(1) A DC current switch according to claim 1 is:
In a switch that makes an exclusive transition from conduction to interruption of DC current and from interruption to conduction, a contact portion of one electrode responsible for conduction and interruption of current and / or a contact portion of the other electrode has an arbitrary shape 1 or shapes of a plurality of concave convex is formed, the other electrode in the XYZ coordinates is extending in the X-axis direction, the tapered guide portion is fixed to the one electrode, the one electrode or the tapered guide portion An arbitrary pressure is applied to the contact portion of the one electrode and the contact portion of the other electrode so as to be conductive, and the taper forming angle of the tapered guide portion is located at the intersection of the XYZ coordinates. The taper-shaped guide part is formed with an inclination of an angle 0 rad <the taper formation angle <π / 2 rad in the X-axis direction with the Y-axis negative tip of the taper-shaped guide part as a base point. Part of the XYZ coordinates A movable insulator positioned parallel to the Y plane and exceeding 0 rad in the XY plane and less than π / 2 rad and spaced apart from both contact portions in the positive direction of the X axis is the X axis. The one that moves in conjunction with the taper-shaped guide portion that moves and rotates in the counterclockwise direction in the XY plane or moves in the positive direction of the Y-axis. The contact portion of the electrode is separated from the contact portion of the other electrode, and the switch interrupts the current at a gap formed between the contact portions, and the movable insulator is connected to the X-axis. The taper-shaped guide portion is moved in the positive direction and rotated in the clockwise direction in the XY plane or moved in the negative direction of the Y-axis, the two contact portions are in contact with each other, and the switch is in conduction. Features.
(2) The direct current switch according to claim 2 is the direct current switch according to claim 1,
Before the movable insulator moves in the negative direction of the X-axis and is positioned in the gap between the contact portions of the two separated electrodes, arc discharge occurs in the gap, and the movable insulator is positioned in the gap. When this occurs, the arc discharge is extinguished.
(3) The direct current switch according to claim 3 is the direct current switch according to claim 1 or 2,
The movable insulator is made of an insulating material including a glass fiber body or a synthetic resin, and the insulator including the glass fiber body or the synthetic resin is covered with the insulating material including the glass fiber body or the synthetic resin. It consists of the member which clamps front and back by material, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
(4) The direct current switch according to claim 4 is the direct current switch according to claim 1 or 2,
The movable insulator is coated with a metal material on one surface and / or the other surface of a member made of a material having an arbitrary insulation and nonflammability, and the metal material is sandwiched between the one surface and the other surface, The metal materials are insulated from each other, and the movable insulator is slidable on the contact portion of the one and / or the other electrode.
(5) The direct current switch according to claim 5 is the direct current switch according to claim 1 or 2,
The movable insulator is composed of an insulator material as a main material, or covers one surface and / or the other surface of an arbitrary member with the insulator material, or the one surface and the other surface of the insulator material. The movable insulator is slidable on the contact portion of the one and / or the other electrode.
( 6 ) The direct current switch according to claim 6 is the direct current switch according to claim 5 ,
The insulator material is made of a material mainly composed of ceramics, corundum, alumina, or β-sialon ceramics.
( 7 ) The direct current switch according to claim 7 is the direct current switch according to claim 1,
The source of the arbitrary pressure is an elastic body.

(A) The direct current switch according to the present invention can suppress high-voltage and / or high-current direct current by suppressing arc discharge.
(B) The direct current switch according to the present invention is small in size because arc discharge is extremely small and extinguishes immediately, so that no prior art device for extinguishing arc discharge is required.
(C) In the DC current switch according to the present invention, since the metal material or the insulator material in the movable insulator can polish the contact portion of the electrode, the conductive state of the contact portion is maintained.

These are the block diagrams which show 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show the modification of 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show the modification of 1st Embodiment of the direct current switch by this invention. These are the block diagrams which show the variation of the movable insulator used for some DC current switches by this invention.

Prior to the description of each embodiment, etc. (embodiments, modifications, variations of movable insulator), matters common to each embodiment will be described in advance.
The present invention will be explained from the description, FIGS. 1 to 9 and the descriptive description items in place of the drawings (not shown). Expressed in XYZ coordinates.
For example, in FIG. 1, (a) is a block diagram of a direct current switch, and (b) shows XYZ coordinates in (a). The X axis is positive in the right direction of the figure, the Y axis is positive in the upward direction of the figure, and the Z axis is positive in the direction of penetrating through the paper. The Z-axis symbol indicates the rear part of the arrow in the coordinate arrow.
In FIG. 2, (a) is a block diagram of a direct current switch, and (b) shows XYZ coordinates in (a). The X-axis is positive in the right direction in the figure, the Y-axis is positive in the direction through the paper surface from the back to the front, and the Z-axis is positive in the upward direction in the figure. The symbol on the Y axis indicates the spire portion of the arrow in the coordinate arrow.
In FIG. 3, (a) is a block diagram of a direct current switch, and (b) shows XYZ coordinates in (a). The X-axis is positive in the direction through the paper surface from the back to the front, the Y-axis is positive in the upward direction in the figure, and the Z-axis is positive in the right direction in the figure. The X-axis symbol indicates the spire portion of the arrow in the coordinate arrow.
FIGS. 4 to 6 do not show (b) in FIGS. 1 to 3, but are based on the existence of diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 3 (b).
7 and 8 do not show (b) in FIG. 1, but are based on the existence of a diagram corresponding to (b) in FIG.
9, (A1) corresponds to (b) in FIG. 1, (A2) corresponds to (b) in FIG. 2, (B1) corresponds to (b) in FIG. 1, (B2) Is premised on the existence of a diagram corresponding to FIG.
Although it is the same in all the drawings, taking FIG. 1 as an example, the fixed electrode F, the movable electrode M, the tapered guide portion Gl, the tapered guide portion Gr, and the movable insulator In are defined as the reference directions. The X axis is assumed.

(1) First Embodiment (1-1) Hardware Configuration In FIG. 1 (a) to FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a left side view (left side in the front view of FIG. 3) of the XY plane of FIG. 3, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the upper part of the DC current switch in a conductive state, that is, the XZ plane is viewed from the positive direction of the Y axis. 3 is a movable insulator side of a DC current switch in a conductive state, that is, a front view when the ZY plane is viewed from the positive direction of the X axis, and FIG. 4 is a left side view of the DC current switch in a non-conductive state (FIG. 6). 5 is a plan view seen from the top of the DC current switch in a non-conductive state, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the DC current switch in a non-conductive state (movable insulation before movement). Seen from the body side).
The XYZ coordinates in FIGS. 4 to 6 are the same as the XYZ coordinates in FIGS.
These drawings schematically show the direct current switch of the present invention.
Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1-6, the birdware structure of the direct current switch which is the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

FIG. 1A shows a DC current switch according to the present invention, which is composed of the following members.
The fixed electrode F (the other electrode extending in the X-axis direction of the XYZ coordinates) that is a current conduction path of the DC current switch, and the movable electrode M (also extending in the X-axis direction of the XYZ coordinates) that is also a current conduction path. A contact portion Cf configured as a part of the fixed electrode F, and a contact portion Cm configured as a part of the movable electrode M. Contact portion Cf and / or the contact unit Cm is any one or more contacts of the switchgear shape of concave convex is performed shaped to conduct / cut off the current.
In the claims, either one of the tapered guide portions or the other tapered guide portion is a tapered guide portion Gl (l is a lower case letter L, and the left side in the front view of FIGS. 3 and 6 (Z-axis negative Or the tapered guide portion Gr (located on the right side (Z-axis positive side) in the front views of FIGS. 3 and 6).

The movable electrode M includes a tapered guide portion Gl on the left side (the negative direction of the Z axis in FIG. 1B, the left side in the front views of FIGS. 3 and 6) and the right side (the positive direction of the Z axis in FIG. 1B), A tapered guide portion Gr on the right side in the front views of FIGS. 3 and 6 is attached.
That is, when the taper guide part (Gl, Gr) rotates and moves from the X axis to the Y axis direction about the fulcrum Fu, the movable electrode M is also linked to the taper guide part and uses the fulcrum Fu as an axis from the X axis to the Y axis. Rotate in the direction.
The fixed electrode F is fixed to the casing of the DC current switch and does not move in the DC current switch.

The spring S, which is an elastic body that presses the movable electrode M, presses the contact portion Cm against the contact portion Cf in the direction in which the contact portion Cm and the contact portion Cf come into contact, and ensures contact and conduction between the contact portion Cm and the contact portion Cf. To.
As the spring S, a coil-like one as shown in FIGS.

The tapered guide portion Gl and the tapered guide portion Gr are shown in FIGS. 1A to 3A (hereinafter, the description of FIGS. 1 to 3A is omitted) and FIGS. 4 to 8. The taper-shaped guide portions Gl and Gr have a substantially triangular shape. The tapered configuration of the long sides of the substantially triangular shape of the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr is such that the movable insulator In in FIG. 1 is in the direction of the contact portion Cm and the contact portion Cf (Mdi indicated by the arrow “←” in FIG. 1). Similarly, when moving in the negative direction of the X axis in FIG. 1B (hereinafter, the description of FIG. 1B to 3B is omitted), the long sides (substantially triangular) of the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr. The long side of the substantially triangular shape is cut in the positive direction of the X-axis so that it can contact the lower long side of the shape (Y-axis negative direction in the general triangular shape) and push up the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr. It is up. (It is rounded up from the direction in which the contact part Cm and the contact part Cf in FIG. 1 are located to the direction in which the movable insulator In is located.
In terms of the XYZ coordinates, the taper shape of the tapered guide portion is such that the thickness in the Y-axis direction decreases toward the positive direction of the X-axis and the positive direction of the Y-axis. That is, the lower line of the tapered guide portion is rounded up to a straight line drawn by y = ax + b. However, this is a schematic and need not be linear.
In the claims, “the taper forming angle of the both tapered guide portions is an angle in the X-axis direction with the negative tip end of the Y-axis of the both tapered guide portions located at the intersection of the XYZ coordinates as a base point. 0 rad <the taper forming angle <π / 2 rad, and the tapered tip ends of both tapered guide portions exceed 0 rad in the XY plane parallel to the XY plane of the XYZ coordinates, and π / It is located at coordinates less than 2 rad ".
Thus, in FIGS. 1-8, only an example of a taper shape is shown and it is not restrained by this. The essence of the taper shape is that the contact portions Cf and Cm are located, so that the movable insulator is located, and the lower line of the taper guide portion starts from the lower end of the thickest portion of the taper guide portion. Any structure can be used as long as the taper-shaped guide portion is lifted up when the movable insulator is advanced in the direction of the arrow Mdi by being rounded up in the positive direction of the Y-axis.
The thickest portion of the tapered guide portion means a portion where the thickness of the taper is maximum, and is the portion closest to the fixed electrode F in FIG.

The movable insulator In is supported in an arbitrary configuration (not shown) so that it can be translated in the direction of the arrow (←) Mdi that is not a member in FIG. 1 and in the opposite direction, that is, the positive and negative directions of the X axis. . As a result, the movable insulator In slides below the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr, that is, the straight portion drawn by y = ax + b on the XY plane (which may be curved, the long side of a substantially triangular shape). While moving in the direction of the arrow (←) Mdi, that is, in the negative direction of the X axis, the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr can be moved upward. The significance of sliding is that it moves while sliding on another object.
Further, by moving the movable insulator In in the direction opposite to the arrow (←) Mdi, that is, in the positive direction of the X axis, the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr can be moved downward.
Since the movable electrode M is attached to the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr, the contact portion Cm which is a part of the movable electrode M also moves up and down by the movement of the movable insulator In.
The tip portion of the movable insulator In, which is in the direction of the arrow (←) Mdi, contacts the lower ends of the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr substantially simultaneously when it moves in the direction of the arrow (←) Mdi. The tapered guide plates Gl and Gr have substantially the same tapered shape at the lower end, and are different in that they are located on the left and right in FIGS. 3 and 6 where this can be observed, but the lower ends of the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr ( The distance from the substantially triangular long side) to the surface (lower part) of the movable electrode M is substantially the same.

The fulcrum Fu provided in the movable electrode M is configured such that the movable electrode M can rotate counterclockwise in the arrow “←” Mdm, that is, the XY plane, with the fulcrum Fu as an axis. For this reason, when the movable insulator In moves in the direction of the arrow “←” Mdi that is not a member displayed on the upper portion of the movable insulator In, the movable electrode M has the arrow “←” Mdm about the fulcrum fu. Rotate in the direction of.

1 to 3, since the movable insulator In is not inserted between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm, the contact of the DC current switch (contact portion Cf and contact portion Cm) is closed and is in a conductive state. It is.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the DC current switch as viewed from above, that is, from the positive Y-axis direction (the side where the spring S is present). The contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm are sequentially displayed on the inner diameter (shown by a broken line) with respect to the diameter of the spring S, and the fixed electrode F is also displayed on the inner diameter (shown by a broken line) of the movable electrode M. However, the function is the same even if it exists in the inner diameter, the same diameter, or the outer diameter, and any of them may be used.

In FIG. 2, the lateral width of the movable insulator In, that is, the width perpendicular to the moving direction (X-axis direction) of the movable insulator In (Z-axis direction) is the maximum distance between the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr. Make it wider. The movable insulator In is preferably thin while maintaining strength and has little sliding friction with the lower end (X-axis negative direction) of the tapered guide portion.
Since the movable insulator In is required to have excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, wear resistance, and low friction, as an example, the raw material is manufactured from a ceramic material, or the movable insulator In is made of another member. It is also suitable to form and coat this surface with ceramics.
The material and configuration of the movable insulator will be described in “variation of the movable insulator” to be described later, but the material and configuration of the movable insulator in this description also constitute this embodiment as part of the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a front view seen from a position where the movable insulator In exists before moving in the Mdi direction, that is, the X-axis negative direction. The illustration of the movable insulator In is omitted in FIG.

1 to 3, the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm are in contact with each other, and the DC current switch is in a conductive state.

4 to 6, in FIGS. 1 to 3, the movable insulator In moves in the direction of the arrow “←” Mdi, that is, the negative direction of the X axis, and is inserted between the contact portion Cm and the contact portion Cf. The current is cut off and the DC current switch is non-conductive.
Except this, there is no difference between FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 4 to 6, FIG. 1 corresponds to FIG. 4, FIG. 2 corresponds to FIG. 5, and FIG.
Therefore, in the description of the hardware configuration, the description of FIGS. 4 to 6 uses the description of FIGS. 1 to 3 and omits the overlapping description. In addition, the code | symbol of the member of FIGS. 4-6 is the same as the code | symbol of the member of FIGS. 1-3, and the function and a structure are also the same.

(2) Modification of the First Embodiment (2-1) Hardware Configuration FIG. 7 is a left side view of the DC current switch 2 in a conductive state according to the present invention (definition of the left side view in FIG. 1). The same as that seen from the negative Z-axis direction in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a left side view of the DC current switch 2 in the non-conduction state according to the present invention (same definition as the left side view in FIG. is there.

The reference numerals, functions, and configurations of the members in FIGS. 7 and 8 are the same as the reference numerals, functions, and configurations of the members in FIGS. 1 to 6 except for the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2.

Although not shown in FIG. 7, the tapered guide portion Gl, the tapered guide portion Gr, and the movable electrode M2 are supported by an arbitrary configuration so as to be movable in the vertical direction, that is, in the positive and negative directions of the Y axis. The movable electrode M2 has no fulcrum Fu. Therefore, the movable electrode M2 is not due to the current interruption and conduction due to the rotational movement, but due to the vertical movement.

7 and 8, the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2 are not shown with the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm in FIGS. 1 to 6, but in FIG. 7, the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode plate M2 are in contact with each other. The part which is carrying out is a contact part, and comprises the contact part Cf and the contact part Cm in FIGS. 1-6, and a function is the same.

This part fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2 is in contact with the shape of one or more concave convex conduct / cut off the current constitutes a contact which has been subjected. If any of the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2 is applied the shape of one or more concave convex also. The configuration of the uneven contact portion is various (the same applies to the first embodiment).

In FIG. 7, the fixed electrode F <b> 2 and the movable electrode M <b> 2 are different from the configuration in FIGS. 1 to 6 in that the fulcrum Fu does not exist, and the other portions are the same as the configurations in FIGS. The function is also the same.
Accordingly, the reference numerals of the members in FIGS. 7 and 8 are the same as those in FIGS. 1 to 6 except for the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2, and the description of the hardware configuration described in FIGS. The description of the hardware configuration that overlaps in FIGS. 7 and 8 is omitted. Note that the fulcrum Fu does not exist in FIGS. 7 and 8, which are modifications of the first embodiment.

In FIGS. 7 and 8, which are modifications of the first embodiment, the description of the movable insulator In is also omitted to use the first embodiment, but it will be described here again.
Although not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, with reference to FIG. 2, the lateral width of the movable insulator In, that is, the width perpendicular to the moving direction (X-axis direction) of the movable insulator In (Z-axis direction) Is wider than the maximum distance between the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr. The movable insulator In is preferably thin while maintaining strength and has little sliding friction with the lower end (X-axis negative direction) of the tapered guide portion.
Since the movable insulator In is required to have excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, wear resistance, and low friction, as an example, the raw material is manufactured from a ceramic material, or the movable insulator In is made of another member. It is also suitable to form and coat this surface with ceramics.
The material and configuration of the movable insulator will be described in “variation of the movable insulator” described later, but the material and configuration of the movable insulator in this description are also part of the modification of the present embodiment. A modification is configured.

(3) First Embodiment (3-2) Hardware Operation The hardware operation of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<DC current switch is in conduction>
1 to 3 show a state in which the DC current switch is conductive. As illustrated, the movable insulator In does not exist between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm. Therefore, the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm are in contact and in a conductive state, and the direct current switch is in a conductive state.

1 to 3, the lower end of the spring S (Y-axis negative direction in the spring S) is attached to the upper part of the movable electrode M (Y-axis positive direction in the movable electrode M), and the upper end of the spring S (Y in the spring S) In the positive axial direction), the contact portion Cm of the movable electrode M and the contact portion Cf of the fixed electrode F should be pressed so that the contact between the contact portion Cm of the movable electrode M and the contact portion Cf of the fixed electrode F is ensured. The DC current switch is compressed and fixed to the casing (not shown). That is, the spring S presses the contact portion Cm of the movable electrode M, and thereby presses the contact portion Cf of the fixed electrode F.
Even if the lower end of the spring S is attached to the upper part of the tapered guide parts Gl and Gr (the Y-axis positive direction in the tapered guide parts Gl and Gr), the contact part Cm of the movable electrode M and the contact part of the fixed electrode F Since Cf is pressed, such a configuration may be used.

<Process in which DC current switch transitions from conductive state to non-conductive state>
In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the movable insulator In is substantially translated in the arrow “←” Mdi direction (X-axis negative direction). Although the moving means is not shown, it can be moved manually or using any means such as a solenoid or a motor.

  When the movable insulator In moves in the direction of the arrow “←” Mdi, both sides of the movable insulator In are tapered guide portions Gl and / or lower ends of the tapered guide portions Gr (Y in the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr). When the movable insulator In is moved in the same direction, the upper end portion of the movable insulator In (the Y-axis positive direction in the movable insulator In) is tapered. The taper-shaped guide portions Gl and Gr move while sliding on the lower end of the guide plate Gl and / or Gr, and the arrow “←” Mdm (see FIG. 1 counterclockwise in the XY plane. XY) with the fulcrum Fu as an axis. It is lifted upward while slightly rotating in the direction of the positive Y axis in the plane.

Therefore, when the movable insulator In moves a predetermined distance, the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm are separated from each other, and a gap is generated between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm. That is, the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm move in conjunction with the operation of the tapered guide plates Gl and Gr.

In order to prevent the movable insulator In from colliding with the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm, the movable insulator In pushes up the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr (in the positive direction of the Y axis), and the movable electrode m moves in conjunction with this. An operation similar to that of both tapered guide portions is performed to generate a gap between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm. Therefore, before the movable insulator In blocks the gap between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm, arc discharge occurs between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm (the arc discharge is not shown).

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the movable insulator In further advances in the same direction (X-axis negative direction), and immediately after the arc discharge occurs, the movable insulator In enters the gap between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm. The arc discharge is interrupted by the movable insulator In and disappears. The arc discharge generated at this time is extremely small and short.
Therefore, although a small arc discharge occurs temporarily, the arc discharge disappears immediately after that, and no arc discharge continues thereafter.

  Note that it is preferable that the shape of the apex (the thickest portion) at the lower end of the triangular shape of the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr be rounded to reduce the sliding friction with the movable insulator In.

<Process in which DC current switch transitions from non-conducting state to through state>
4 to 6, the movable insulator In is moved in the direction opposite to the arrow “←” Mdi (X-axis positive direction) shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to move the movable insulator In. And the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr are moved to a position where they do not contact.

  As a result, the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr and the movable electrode M are moved in the negative direction of the Y axis (slightly rotated in the XY plane clockwise) by the pressing of the spring S, and in this process, the contact portion Cm is lowered ( The XY plane is slightly rotated clockwise, that is, moved in the negative Y-axis direction), and again comes into contact with the contact portion Cf to be in a conductive state. In this process, arc discharge does not occur when the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm contact each other.

By the above operation, the DC current switch becomes conductive and becomes a conductive state in which current can flow.

By performing the above-described state transition, the DC current switch can be arbitrarily turned on / off.
If the DC current switch is turned off when the current is flowing through the DC current switch, the arc current can be suppressed instantaneously (arc discharge suppression) to cut off the DC current.
That is, following the increase in the distance between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm, arc discharge extends between both contact portions, and arc discharge does not continue.
With the DC current switch of the present invention, high-voltage and / or large-current DC current can be easily interrupted by suppressing arc discharge.

(4) Modified Example of First Embodiment (4-2) Hardware Operation A hardware operation of a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<DC current switch 2 is conductive>
FIG. 7 shows a state where the DC current switch 2 is conductive. As illustrated, the movable insulator In does not exist between the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2. Therefore, the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2 are in contact and in a conductive state, and the DC current switch 2 is in a conductive state.

The lower end of spring S (Y-axis negative direction in spring S) is attached to the upper part of movable electrode M2 (Y-axis positive direction in movable electrode M2), and the upper end of spring S (Y-axis positive direction in spring S) is movable. In order to ensure the contact between the electrode M2 and the fixed electrode F2, the movable electrode M2 is compressed and fixed to the casing of the DC current switch to press the movable electrode M2 against the fixed electrode F2 (not shown).
That is, the spring S presses the movable electrode M2, thereby pressing the fixed electrode F2.
Even if the lower end of the spring S is attached to the upper part of the tapered guide parts Gl, Gr (the Y-axis positive direction in the tapered guide parts Gl, Gr) (not shown), the contact part of the movable electrode M and the fixed electrode F Since the contact portion is pressed, such a configuration may be used.

<Process in which DC current switch 2 transitions from a conductive state to a non-conductive state>
In FIG. 7, the movable insulator In is moved approximately in the arrow “←” Mdi direction (X-axis negative direction). Although the moving means is not shown, it can be moved manually or using any means such as a solenoid or a motor.

In FIG. 7, when the movable insulator In moves in the direction of arrow “←” Mdi, both sides of the movable insulator In are tapered guide portions Gl and / or lower portions of the tapered guide portions Gr (tapered guide portions Gl, When the taper-shaped guide portion Gr is in contact with the negative Y-axis direction, that is, the substantially triangular long side, and the movable insulator In moves in the same direction, the upper surface of the movable insulator In (the Y-axis in the movable insulator In The forward direction advances while sliding under the tapered guide portions Gl and / or Gr, and the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr are lifted upward (the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr move in the positive direction of the Y axis). ).
Although not shown, even when the movable insulator In slides below either the tapered guide portion Gl or Gr, the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr can be lifted upward. The movable electrode M2 is attached so as to be fixed to the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr.
This is the same even if the movable insulator In slides below either the tapered guide portion Gl or Gr due to the configuration of the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr and the movable electrode M in one embodiment. The same applies to the first embodiment in which the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr can be moved.

The movable electrode M2 fixed to the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr is separated from the contact portion between the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2 when the movable insulator In moves a predetermined distance (in the negative X-axis direction). A gap is generated between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2.

In order to prevent the movable insulator In from colliding with the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2, the movable insulator In pushes up the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr (in the positive direction of the Y axis) and moves with the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2. A gap is generated between the contact portions of the electrode M2. Thereafter, the movable insulator In enters the gap between the fixed electrode F2 and the movable electrode M2, but before the movable insulator In blocks between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2. Arc discharge occurs in the gap between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2 (the arc discharge is not shown).

As shown in FIG. 8, the movable insulator In further advances in the negative direction of the X axis, and immediately after the occurrence of the arc discharge, the movable insulator In enters the gap between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2. The arc discharge is interrupted and the arc discharge disappears. Arc discharge generated in this process is extremely small and short.

  Therefore, although a small arc discharge occurs temporarily, the arc discharge disappears immediately after that, and no arc discharge continues thereafter.

  The shape of the lower apex of the triangular shape of the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr (the Y-axis negative direction in the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr) is rounded to reduce sliding friction with the movable insulator In.

<Process in which DC current switch 2 transitions from a non-conductive state to a conductive state>
At the position where the movable insulator In is shown in FIG. 8, the movable insulator In is moved in the direction opposite to the arrow “←” Mdi shown in FIG. 7 (X-axis positive direction), and the movable insulator In and the tapered guide portion are moved. Move to a position where Gl and Gr do not touch.
As a result, the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr and the movable electrode M2 are moved in the negative Y-axis direction by the pressing of the spring S, and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2 is lowered (moved in the negative Y-axis direction) and fixed again. The direct current switch 2 is brought into conduction when in contact with the contact portion of the electrode F2.
In this process, arc discharge does not occur at the time of contact between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2.

With the above operation, the DC current switch 2 becomes conductive and becomes a conductive state in which a current can flow.

By performing the above-described state transition, the DC current switch 2 can be arbitrarily turned on / off.
If the DC current switch 2 is turned off when the current is flowing through the DC current switch 2, the arc current can be suppressed instantaneously (arc discharge suppression) to interrupt the DC current.
That is, following the increase in the distance between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2, the arc discharge extends between both electrodes, and the arc discharge does not continue.
With the DC current switch 2 of the present invention, high-voltage and / or large-current DC current can be easily interrupted by suppressing arc discharge.

(5) Variation of movable insulator in the first embodiment and its modification (5-1) Variation 1 of movable insulator
With reference to (A1) and (A2) of FIG. 9, movable insulator In2 which is the variation 1 of the movable insulator of this invention is demonstrated.
(A1) in FIG. 9 is a left side view as a variation of the movable insulator In of FIGS. 1 to 8 in the first embodiment of the present invention and its modification (the configuration of the drawing is shown in the left side view of FIG. 1). The movable insulator In2 is shown.

(A2) of FIG. 9 is a plan view of the movable insulator In2, and the configuration of the drawing corresponds to the plan view of FIG. 2 in the first embodiment of the present invention.

The movable insulator In2 shown in (A1) of FIG. 9 will be described. InA sandwiched between MeA1 and MeA2 is an insulator InA made of a material having arbitrary insulation and nonflammability.
MeA1 and MeA2 are a metal piece MeA1 and a metal piece MeA2 made of a metal material and constituting the surface of the movable insulator In2. The metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are electrically insulated and do not conduct.

The metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are formed in a substantially triangular taper shape in the drawing, but on the top and bottom surfaces (Y axis positive / negative direction) of the insulator InA, the tip of the insulator InA (X axis) This is because there is no step on the surface where the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are not present in the negative direction (in the direction of the arrow “←” Mdi in FIG. 1) and the portion where the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are present. .
Thereby, after the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 enter the contact part Cf, the contact part Cm in FIGS. 1 to 6, the contact part of the fixed electrode F2 in FIGS. 7 and 8, and the contact part of the movable electrode M2. The sliding to the contact part Cf, the contact part Cm, the contact part of the fixed electrode F2, and the contact part of the movable electrode M2 is made smooth.
In addition, the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 can also select a structure that covers the insulator InA continuously up to substantially the forefront of the insulator InA and does not originally form a step. Even in this case, the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are insulated.
In addition, the tip of the insulator InA is not tapered and may be a flat plate as a whole. Even in this case, the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are tapered from the tip of the insulator InA and are not tapered. Alternatively, InA may be sandwiched between flat plates. The significance of pinching is to hold the pinch.

The metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 enter the gap between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm in FIGS. 1 to 6, the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 in FIGS. 7 and 8, and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2. 1 to 6 slid on the contact portion Cf, the contact portion Cm, the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2 in FIGS. 7 and 8, and rust such as oxide generated in these contact portions. A function of scraping off may be added, and it may not be slid.
For sliding, for example, the central portion of the movable insulator In2 (the portion that slides with each of the above-described contact portions) is tapered and thickened in the direction opposite to the traveling direction (X-axis positive direction). .
Or, even if it is not tapered, the central part is thickened, the tapered inclined shape of the tapered guide part is adjusted, and the movable insulator In2 pushes up the tapered guide part, and the respective contact parts arranged above are opened. After that, the central portion of the movable insulator In2 is slid on the contact portion.
In this case, the movable insulator In2 is configured so that the movable insulator In2 and the contact portion slide exclusively without sliding on the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr. To this end, the taper-shaped guide portions Gl and Gr have a taper-shaped inclination in the Y-axis direction, and the inclination angle (angle from the X-axis) of the tip end of the taper (X-axis positive direction) is large. The inclination angle of the tapered portion (X-axis negative direction) is made small or parallel to the X-axis.
In the present invention, a gap is generated in advance between each of the above-mentioned contact portions by sliding between the tapered guide portions Gl and Gr and all of the movable insulators In to In4 (first embodiment and modifications thereof). According to the hardware operation explanation in the example), the movable insulator easily passes through the gap.
In addition to this, when the contact portion and the movable insulator slide, a gap is generated between the contact portions in advance, so that after entering the gap, the contact portion and the movable insulator Therefore, there is no situation where the movable insulator cannot enter the contact portion where the gap is not generated and cannot enter the contact portion.

These slides scrape off rust such as oxides in the contact portion in the contact / separation operation of the contact portion Cf, the contact portion Cm, the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 in FIGS. 7 and 8, and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2. In addition to functions, it actively polishes the contact area.
The non-sliding method is such that the movable insulator In2 slides only on the taper-shaped guide portion, and the inclination angle of the taper is set so that the movable insulator passes through the gaps between the contact portions arranged in a row without sliding. Increasing (increasing the thickness of the taper in the Y-axis direction) may be used.

As another modified example of FIG. 9A1, the metal piece MeA1 and the metal piece MeA2 are bitten into the insulator InA from above and below (in the positive and negative directions of the Y-axis) (the metal piece There is also a configuration in which the taper shape is not formed as a whole of the movable insulator In2 by moving MeA1 downward in the clockwise direction, with the tip of the metal piece MeA2 as the axis, and the metal piece MeA2 in the counterclockwise upward direction).

(5) Variation of movable insulator in the first embodiment and its modification (5-2) Variation 2 of movable insulator
With reference to (B1) and (B2) of FIG. 9, In3 which is the variation 2 of the movable insulator of the present invention will be described.
(B1) of FIG. 9 is a left side view as a variation of the movable insulator In of FIGS. 1 to 8 in the first embodiment of the present invention and its modification (the configuration of the drawing is shown in the left side view of FIG. 1). The movable insulator In3 is shown.

(B2) of FIG. 9 is a plan view of the movable insulator In3, and the configuration of the drawing corresponds to the plan view of FIG. 2 in the first embodiment of the present invention.

9B1 has a tapered shape in which the movable insulator In3 becomes thin in the direction of the arrow “←” Mdi in FIG. 1 (X-axis negative direction), but a flat plate that is not tapered may be used.

(B2) of FIG. 9 is a plan view of the movable insulator In3, and the configuration of the drawing corresponds to the plan view of FIG. 2 in the first embodiment of the present invention.

(B2) in FIG. 9 is a configuration in which both sides of the metal plate MeB are covered with the insulators InB1 and InB2 with respect to the moving direction of the movable insulator In3 (X-axis positive / negative direction).
The insulator InB1 and the insulator InB2 are moved between the contact portion Cf and the contact portion Cm in FIGS. 1 to 6 when the movable insulator In3 moves in the direction of the arrow “←” Mdi in FIG. 8 passes through the gap between the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2, and interrupts the arc discharge.
In this variation 2, with respect to sliding between the movable insulator In3 and the contact portion, either the contact portion Cf or the contact portion Cm is slid to either the contact portion of the movable electrode M2 or the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2. be able to.

Examples of the insulating material of the movable insulators In, In2, and In3 include ceramics, corundum, alumina or β-sialon ceramics, glass fibers, and synthetic resins.
The metal material applied to the movable insulator is preferably titanium having excellent mechanical strength, wear resistance, and heat resistance.

(5) Variation of movable insulator in the first embodiment and its modification (5-3) Variation 3 of movable insulator
Although not shown, the movable insulator can be constituted only by the insulator material. The name of the movable insulator is referred to as a movable insulator In4. Whether the movable insulator In4 is a tapered shape or a flat plate can be freely selected.
The movable insulator In4 is a movable insulator In4 as means for polishing the contact portion Cf, the contact portion Cm in FIGS. 1 to 6, the contact portion of the fixed electrode F2 and the contact portion of the movable electrode M2 in FIGS. The method for determining whether or not to cause the contact portion to slide is as described in Variation 1 of the movable insulator.
As an insulator material used for the means for polishing the contact portion, ceramics, corundum, alumina, or β-sialon ceramics are preferable because of excellent mechanical strength, wear resistance, and heat resistance.
When the contact portion is not polished (slid), the insulator material includes glass fiber and synthetic resin in addition to ceramics, corundum, alumina, or β-sialon ceramics.

The protrusions of the concavities and convexities of the contact portions of the electrodes of the first embodiment and the modifications thereof are linear, grid-like, substantially hemispherical apexes, cylinders, conical cylinders, quadrangular pillars, polygonal pillars, triangular prisms. These upper parts are mentioned.

F, F2 Fixed electrode M, M2 Movable electrode Cf Contact part Cm Contact part In, In2, In3, In4 Movable insulator Gl, Gr Tapered guide part S Elastic body Fu Support point Mdi Moving direction of insertion of movable insulator Mdm Movable electrode InA, InB1, InB2 Insulator MeA1, MeA2 Metal piece MeB Metal plate W1, W1 Feed line

Claims (7)

In a switch that makes an exclusive transition from conduction to interruption of DC current and from interruption to conduction, a contact portion of one electrode responsible for conduction and interruption of current and / or a contact portion of the other electrode has an arbitrary shape 1 or shapes of a plurality of concave convex is formed, the other electrode in the XYZ coordinates is extending in the X-axis direction, the tapered guide portion is fixed to the one electrode, the one electrode or the tapered guide portion An arbitrary pressure is applied to the contact portion of the one electrode and the contact portion of the other electrode so as to be conductive, and the taper forming angle of the tapered guide portion is located at the intersection of the XYZ coordinates. The taper-shaped guide part is formed with an inclination of an angle 0 rad <the taper formation angle <π / 2 rad in the X-axis direction with the Y-axis negative tip of the taper-shaped guide part as a base point. Part of the XYZ coordinates A movable insulator positioned parallel to the Y plane and exceeding 0 rad in the XY plane and less than π / 2 rad and spaced apart from both contact portions in the positive direction of the X axis is the X axis. The one that moves in conjunction with the taper-shaped guide portion that moves and rotates in the counterclockwise direction in the XY plane or moves in the positive direction of the Y-axis. The contact portion of the electrode is separated from the contact portion of the other electrode, and the switch interrupts the current at a gap formed between the contact portions, and the movable insulator is connected to the X-axis. The taper-shaped guide portion is moved in the positive direction and rotated in the clockwise direction in the XY plane or moved in the negative direction of the Y-axis, the two contact portions are in contact with each other, and the switch is in conduction. DC current switch featuring. Before the movable insulator moves in the negative direction of the X-axis and is positioned in the gap between the contact portions of the two separated electrodes, arc discharge occurs in the gap, and the movable insulator is positioned in the gap. The DC current switch according to claim 1, wherein the arc discharge is extinguished. The movable insulator is made of an insulating material including a glass fiber body or a synthetic resin, and the insulator including the glass fiber body or the synthetic resin is covered with the insulating material including the glass fiber body or the synthetic resin. The DC current switch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the DC current switch is made of a material having a front and back surfaces sandwiched between materials. The movable insulator is coated with a metal material on one surface and / or the other surface of a member made of a material having an arbitrary insulation and nonflammability, and the metal material is sandwiched between the one surface and the other surface, 3. The DC current switch according to claim 1, wherein the metal material is insulated, and the movable insulator is slidable on a contact portion of the one and / or the other electrode. The movable insulator is composed of an insulator material as a main material, or covers one surface and / or the other surface of an arbitrary member with the insulator material, or the one surface and the other surface of the insulator material. The DC current switch according to claim 1, wherein the movable insulator is slidable on a contact portion of the one and / or the other electrode. The DC current switch according to claim 5 , wherein the insulator material is made of a material mainly composed of ceramics, corundum, alumina, or β-sialon ceramics. The direct current switch according to claim 1, wherein the source of the arbitrary pressure is an elastic body.

Images