JP5278907B2 - Superconducting rotating machine and superconducting rotating machine system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a superconducting rotating machine, which drastically enhances the torque density thereof and achieves high power and higher efficiency, while maintaining as much as possible merits such as the simple structure, inexpensive price and easy maintenance or the like of conventional high temperature superconducting/inducting synchronous machines having a fundamental constitution of a squirrel cage inducting machine. <P>SOLUTION: In the superconducting rotation machine 1, a high temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is applied to the hole 76a bored in the superconducting rotor 7, and a magnetic shield characteristic near perfect diamagnetism of the bulk body is used to enhance a reluctance torque up to the extreme. A rotor slot is provided near the outer circumference of the core 71 so as to generate an induction/synchronous torque. When a high temperature superconducting squirrel cage rotor 7 having the rotor slot 72 into which rotor bars 73a, 74a comprising a hybrid dual constitution of a high temperature superconducting line and a normal conducting line are inserted, is put in a zero-resistance state (synchronous rotation state), and the reluctance torque is effectively used together with a generated zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque), thereby drastically enhancing the total torque. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a superconducting rotating machine and a superconducting rotating machine system.

  Along with the growing interest in energy saving and environmental issues, a wide variety of developments have been promoted and proposed for rotating machines in the pursuit of higher power performance and higher efficiency.

  As one of them, in recent years, a superconducting rotating machine that can rotate synchronously while having a configuration of an induction machine has been proposed. The inventor of the present application has already filed an application as Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-69521 (hereinafter referred to as “prior invention”) for a superconducting rotating machine having a novel and useful epoch-making structure based on the proposal. .

  By the way, as mentioned above, while the demand on the user side for improving the torque density of rotating machines is increasing, there are various advantages and disadvantages for rotating machines that have been supplied to the market so far, and there are things that are decisive even to the present. The fact is that they do not.

  Examples of rotating machines that have been developed and proposed for the purpose of improving torque density include the following (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).

  In short, the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1 is shown in FIG. 5 and [3. Permanent magnet reluctance motor (PRM)] is simply understood as a reluctance machine that is optimized for the amount and arrangement of permanent magnets inserted into the core rotor core.

  According to Non-Patent Document 1, it has been reported that by adopting such a configuration, a motor can be realized in which the reluctance torque is increased and at the same time the magnet torque generated by the magnet and the stator current and the induced voltage are reduced. .

Non-Patent Document 2 is one of reported examples related to research utilizing reluctance torque using magnetic shielding characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting bulk body in a rotating machine.
The rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 2 is, for example, shown in FIG. 1 and [1. As shown in the introduction, this is a reluctance machine in which a high-temperature superconducting bulk body is simply inserted into an iron core rotor core and a commercially available induction motor stator.

  According to Non-Patent Document 2, it is reported that the difference between the straight-axis reluctance and the horizontal-axis reluctance is improved by inserting the high-temperature superconducting bulk material into the rotor of the reluctance machine.

Shin Masanori, Kazuhito Tsuji: “Development of Permanent Magnet Reluctance Motors for Automobiles”, Denka, Vol. 128, No. 4 (2008) pp. 231-234 Takeshi Ishigooka et al .: "Prototype and test of reluctance machine using bulk high-temperature superconductor", 67th Annual Fall 2002 Low Temperature Engineering and Superconductivity Society (2002) 3B-p07

The rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1 has been improved to superimpose reluctance torque expressed from the reluctance difference associated with the difference between the permeability of the permanent magnet and the permeability of the iron core on the existing permanent magnet motor. It is.
However, the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1 has at least the following problems.
(1) The rare earth permanent magnet itself is very expensive in the first place, and the entire rotating machine is also expensive.
(2) As long as a permanent magnet is used for the field, back electromotive force is inevitably generated at the time of the primary winding at high speed rotation, so that so-called field weakening control is necessary and efficiency is reduced. about.

Further, the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 2 also has a problem, and this can be explained as a significant difference in comparison with the prior invention of the present inventor as follows.
That is, the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 2 is obtained by simply inserting a high-temperature superconducting bulk body into an iron core rotor core and does not have a squirrel-cage winding in the rotor. This is a decisive difference from the prior invention of the inventor of the present application. That is, the configuration of the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 2 that does not leave the reluctance machine can rotate only at the synchronous speed. Furthermore, in such a structure described in Non-Patent Document 2, there is a possibility that a loss of synchronization occurs when an overload is applied, and it is necessary to control in order not to cause it.

  On the other hand, in the prior invention of the inventor of the present application, the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding can shift to the magnetic flux flow state and can be rotated, and when the overload is removed, it returns to the synchronous rotation state quickly. A simple rotating machine can be realized.

  As described above, the non-patent document 1 and the non-patent document 2 as well as the rotating machines proposed so far for improving the torque density have various problems and sufficiently satisfy the increasing demands of the user side. The rotating machine that has been made has not yet appeared in the world.

  By the way, in the prior invention of the inventor of the present application, the secondary-side cage winding of the cage induction rotating machine that has been widely used in the past is composed of a hybrid double configuration of a superconducting wire and a normal conducting wire (such as copper). In this way, the world's first continuous operation from room temperature to superconducting is possible, and it is possible to achieve synchronous rotation while maintaining the compatibility of slip and synchronous operation and robustness against overload. Superconducting rotors, superconducting rotators, and superconducting rotator systems have been completed. The superconducting rotating machine according to the invention of the prior application of the inventor of the present application has excellent characteristics, and if it can achieve higher torque density based on this, it is completely different from the existing idea. There is no doubt that it is possible to provide a rotating machine that can meet the demands of the user side, which is useful and will continue to increase.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a superconducting rotator and a superconducting rotator system that are further developed from the basic idea of the prior invention of the inventor of the present application and that have higher performance and are suitable for practical use.

  As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the applicant of the present application, in order to achieve further higher torque density of the superconducting rotating machine according to the prior invention of the inventor of the present application, It is found that the reluctance torque can be increased to the ultimate level by inserting a high-temperature superconducting bulk body in the secondary element and utilizing the magnetic shielding characteristics close to perfect diamagnetism, and the reluctance torque is increased to the above-mentioned value. By making effective use of the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) that appears when the high temperature superconducting cage rotor according to the inventor's prior invention is in the zero resistance state (synchronous rotation state), the total torque is dramatically increased. The present invention was completed by confirming that it can be improved.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides: (1) a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. A superconducting secondary in a superconducting rotating machine consisting of a secondary disposed in
The secondary element is composed of a superconducting lead-shaped winding formed by a rotor bar and an end ring made of one or a plurality of superconducting wires in which one or a plurality of superconducting wires are coated with a highly conductive metal, or a normal conducting material. One or both of normal conducting lead-shaped windings formed by the rotor bar and end ring,
At least one superconductor provided over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the secondary;
A plurality of slots for accommodating the rotor bars of one or both of the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding, and a secondary iron core having at least one perforation for accommodating the superconductor;
A rotating shaft having a common axis with the primary element;
Including
The superconducting secondary includes a reluctance torque expressed by a reluctance difference between the secondary iron core and the superconductor when the superconducting rotating machine is in a relative rotation state, the superconducting lead-shaped winding or the normal conducting lead. The present invention provides a superconducting secondary device in which the superconducting rotating machine can be relatively rotated by a total torque with a synchronous torque or an induction torque generated by one or both of the shape windings.

Moreover, this invention is the said structure, (2) The said secondary element is equipped with both the said superconducting lead-shaped winding and the said normal conducting lead-shaped winding,
When the superconducting lead-shaped winding is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting lead-shaped winding rotates due to the induced torque main drive generated in the normal conducting lead-shaped winding due to the rotating magnetic field,
When the superconducting lead-shaped winding is in a superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is configured to rotate relative to the synchronous torque driven by the superconducting lead-shaped winding capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field, and ,
Under the relative rotation state of the superconducting rotating machine, when the superconductor is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque due to the superconductor becoming a magnetic shield is developed,
Provided is a superconducting secondary device configured such that a total torque when the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the superconductor are in a superconducting state is obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. To do.

Moreover, this invention is the said structure (1), (3) The said secondary child is equipped with only the said superconducting lead | guide_wire winding,
When the superconducting lead-shaped winding is in a superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is configured to rotate relative to the synchronous torque driven by the superconducting lead-shaped winding capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field, and ,
Under the relative rotation state of the superconducting rotating machine, when the superconductor is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque due to the superconductor becoming a magnetic shield is developed,
Provided is a superconducting secondary device configured such that a total torque when the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the superconductor are in a superconducting state is obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. To do.

  According to the present invention, in the configuration (3), (4) when the superconducting cage winding is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting cage is caused by the induced current flowing in the superconducting cage winding and the rotating magnetic field. Relative to the superconducting rotator by the total torque of the induction torque generated in the winding and the reluctance torque expressed by the reluctance difference between the secondary iron core and the superconductor when the superconducting rotator is in a relative rotation state The present invention provides a superconducting secondary that is characterized by rotating.

Moreover, this invention is the said structure (1), (5) The said secondary child is provided with only the said normal-current induction | guidance | derivation cage winding,
When the superconductor is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is relatively rotated by an induced torque main motion generated in the normal conducting lead-shaped winding due to the rotating magnetic field, and
When the superconductor is in a relative rotation state and the superconductor is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque is generated due to the superconductor becoming a magnetic shield. At this time, the reluctance torque A superconducting secondary is provided, wherein the superconducting rotating machine is configured to rotate relative to the main drive.

Further, the present invention provides the above constitutions (1) to (5), wherein (6) the superconductor is a metal low temperature superconductor represented by Nb, NbTi or Nb ₃ Sn, yttrium, samarium, gadolinium or The present invention provides a superconducting secondary material comprising an oxide-based high-temperature superconducting material such as a bismuth-based material or a metal-based superconducting material such as magnesium diboride.

  Further, the present invention provides the superconducting secondary device according to any of the above configurations (1) to (3), wherein (7) a critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding is equal to or higher than a critical temperature of the superconductor. Is to provide.

  Further, the present invention provides the above-described configurations (1) to (7), wherein (8) the superconductor is a central axis of the secondary element or the superconducting lead shape over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the secondary element. A superconducting secondary device is provided, wherein the secondary conductor is provided in parallel with a rotor bar of a winding or the normal conducting lead-shaped winding.

Further, the present invention provides the above-described configurations (1) to (8), wherein (9) the superconductor is provided in at least one pair in the secondary element, and the secondary element is further viewed in an axial end view or When viewed in cross section,
The superconductor provides a superconductor secondary whose end face or cross-sectional shape is a rectangle whose aspect ratio is long in the circumferential direction.

Further, in the present invention, in the above configurations (1) to (4), (10) the superconducting wire is a metal-based low-temperature superconductor represented by NbTi or Nb ₃ Sn, an oxide represented by yttrium or bismuth. High-temperature superconductors, or metal-based superconductors such as magnesium diboride,
The high conductivity metal is silver, copper, gold, aluminum, or an alloy thereof, and provides a superconducting secondary.

  Further, the present invention provides the above constitution (1) or (2), wherein (11) the normal conducting lead-shaped winding has a predetermined thickness of one type or a plurality of types of the highly conductive metal in the superconducting lead-shaped winding. The present invention provides a superconducting secondary which is formed as described above and is integrated with the superconducting lead-shaped winding.

  Further, in the above configuration (1) or (2), the present invention is such that (12) the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding are separated, and the superconducting lead-shaped winding is further provided. Provides a superconducting secondary, wherein the cage is larger than the normal conducting wire winding, and each rotor bar is located outside the rotor bar of the normal conducting wire winding To do.

  Further, in the above configuration (1) or (2), the present invention is such that (13) the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding are separated, and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding is further provided. A wire has a larger cage than the superconducting cage winding, and each rotor bar is positioned outside each rotor bar of the superconducting cage winding. Is.

According to the present invention, in the configuration (1) or (2), (14) the number of the rotor bars of the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the number of the rotor bars of the normal conducting-lead-shaped winding are the same or different from each other. It consists of different numbers,
The slot is provided in the secondary side iron core so that at least the number of the rotor bars of the superconducting lead-type winding and the number of rotor bars of the normal conducting lead-type winding can be accommodated. A superconducting secondary is provided.

  Moreover, this invention is the said structure (1)-(14), (15) The said primary side coil | winding consists of a superconducting material, and the critical temperature of the said superconducting material forms the said superconducting lead-shaped winding. The present invention provides a superconducting secondary device characterized in that the temperature is higher than the critical temperature of the superconducting wire.

  According to the present invention, (16) a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a second element arranged coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. A superconducting rotating machine comprising a secondary conductor, comprising the superconducting secondary according to any one of the above-mentioned configurations (1) to (15). .

The present invention also provides: (17) a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a second element disposed coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. A superconducting rotating machine comprising a superconductor, the superconducting rotating machine comprising the superconducting secondary described in the above configuration (2);
A cooling device capable of cooling the superconducting rotating machine to a superconducting state;
A control device for controlling the superconducting rotating machine;
Including
The control device should be used when the superconducting rotator is rotating with the induced torque main drive and when the superconducting rotator is rotating with the synchronous torque main drive. A second control pattern, the value of the current flowing in the primary winding, the primary voltage value, the phase difference between the current flowing in the primary winding and the primary voltage, or When the value of the rotational speed of the superconducting rotating machine changes due to the superconducting cage winding being in the superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is controlled using the second control pattern; The superconducting rotating machine system is characterized in that the superconducting rotating machine is controlled using the first control pattern.

  Further, the present invention provides the above configuration (17), wherein (18) the control device is in a superconducting state when the superconducting cage winding does not capture the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field at the start, The applied voltage to the primary winding and / or the frequency of the applied voltage is changed so that the current flowing in the superconducting cage winding exceeds a critical current, and the superconducting cage winding is brought into a magnetic flux flow state. The present invention provides a superconducting rotating machine system in which the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field is linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding.

According to the present invention, (19) a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a second element arranged coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. A superconducting rotating machine comprising a secondary conductor, comprising the superconducting secondary described in the configuration (2), wherein the critical temperature of the superconducting cage winding is equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the superconductor. A method of operating a superconducting rotating machine from room temperature,
When starting from room temperature, operating the superconducting rotating machine as a normal induction machine;
First, the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting cage winding is less than the critical temperature, and when the winding enters a superconducting state, the high-temperature superconducting cage winding captures the interlinkage magnetic flux and synchronizes. Expressing a synchronous torque by shifting to rotation;
Thereafter, the temperature is further lowered, and when the superconductor becomes lower than the critical temperature of the superconductor, the superconductor is also in a superconducting state, and the superconductor becomes a magnetic shield to develop reluctance torque,
Consists of
Superconducting rotation characterized in that the total torque when the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding and the superconductor are finally in a superconducting state is finally obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. A method of operating the machine is provided.

According to the present invention, it becomes possible to dramatically increase the torque density of the superconducting rotating machine according to the prior invention of the inventor of the present application, and for example, the performance required for the next-generation electric vehicle motor is increased. It is possible to provide a rotating machine that can sufficiently achieve a required performance of a certain user side.
That is, according to the present invention, while maintaining the merits such as the simple structure, low cost, and easy maintainability of the squirrel-cage induction machine, which is the original idea of the prior invention of the inventor of the present application, the further high performance is achieved. High output and high efficiency can be achieved.

[Action]
Specifically, in the present invention, first, in the superconducting rotating machine or the like according to the prior invention of the inventor of the present application, the high-temperature superconducting cage rotor (note: corresponding to the secondary) is in a zero resistance state (synchronous rotation state). It is based on becoming. In this synchronized state, the high-temperature superconducting bulk material embedded in the rotor core becomes a zero resistance state, so that the bulk body behaves as an ultimate magnetic shield, so-called d-axis and q-axis reluctance. A large reluctance torque based on the difference is obtained. By adding this torque to the above-described zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque), a very large total torque can be realized.

  Here, the inventor of the present application has already filed an application for applying the cage superconducting winding as described above. On the other hand, as can be seen from the non-patent document 1 mentioned above, research and development for optimizing the magnet configuration in the permanent magnet motor and applying the reluctance torque has already been carried out with an embedded magnet type permanent magnet motor, It has been put to practical use in motors for hybrid vehicles. However, the idea of using the reluctance torque in the structure of the squirrel-cage induction machine as in the present invention has never existed until now. From this point, it is clear that the originality of the present invention can be seen.

[Advantages over conventional technology]
The comparison between the prior invention of the present inventor and a part of the prior art has been described above, but here, the superiority of the present invention itself will be explained again.

[Rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1]
Not only the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1, but also an existing permanent magnet motor has been established with a technique for applying a reluctance torque based on substantially the same principle as disclosed in the same document. The reluctance torque mentioned here is the permeability of the permanent magnet (≈vacuum permeability (μ ₀ ). Relative permeability μ _s = μ / μ ₀ = 1) and iron core permeability (relative permeability μ _s ≈1000). It is expressed from the reluctance difference that accompanies this difference. Note that the permeability of the permanent magnet substantially matches the permeability of the vacuum.
On the other hand, since the high-temperature superconducting bulk body applied to the secondary element in the superconducting rotating machine according to the present invention exhibits almost complete diamagnetism, it is possible to achieve the ultimate reluctance difference, that is, the reluctance torque. Can be dramatically increased.

Furthermore, not only in the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1, but also in existing permanent magnet motors, (1) the rare earth permanent magnet itself is very expensive in the first place, and the entire rotating machine is also expensive. As long as a permanent magnet is used, back electromotive force is inevitably generated at the time of the primary winding, apart from the extent of this, so that the so-called field weakening control is necessary and the efficiency is reduced. is there.
However, the superconducting rotating machine according to the present invention does not require an expensive rare earth-based permanent magnet and is relatively inexpensive. Further, the counter electromotive force during high-speed rotation is only a small amount in principle. As a result, a highly efficient synchronous operation that could not be realized with conventional permanent magnet motors is possible, and a final product more suitable for practical use can be provided.

  Thus, it is clear that the superconducting rotating machine and the like according to the present invention are clearly different from the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 1 and have an advantage.

[Rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 2]
As described above, in the reluctance machine described in Non-Patent Document 2, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the stator uses a commercially available induction motor stator, but the rotor has a squirrel-cage winding structure. I don't have it. This is because the idea that the superconducting induction motor rotates synchronously has not existed until the inventor's prior invention was completed.
Under the structure disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2, the only torque that appears is the reluctance torque of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body, and it can be said that the torque is improved and improved significantly compared to the prior art. Absent. The technical difference from the present invention is clear from both the configuration and the effect.

  Thus, it is clear that the superconducting rotating machine and the like according to the present invention are clearly different from the rotating machine described in Non-Patent Document 2 and have an advantage.

[Terminology]
In this specification, “reluctance torque” refers to torque (rotational force) generated by a change in magnetic energy. “Weak field control” refers to a control method in which the magnetic flux generated by the magnets of the rotor is canceled by the current flowing through the stator windings to increase the rotational speed of the motor. “Complete diamagnetism” refers to a magnetic property that is equal in magnitude to the external magnetic field strength but opposite in direction. Superconductors exhibit typical perfect diamagnetism. “Superconductivity” refers to the property of a material that has zero electrical resistance under certain conditions and is considered to be fully diamagnetic.
Further, in this specification, the rotating machine is composed of a pair of main constituent elements of a “primary element” and a “secondary element” that can be rotated relative to each other. Refers to the side having the primary winding that generates the rotating magnetic field, and the “secondary element” is the side on which the induced current flows in the secondary winding based on the rotating magnetic field, and is relative to the primary element. The side arranged coaxially with the primary element so that it can rotate shall be pointed out. In the rotating machine according to the present specification, the basic operation principle relating to the generation of the rotational force remains unchanged, and either the primary element or the secondary element is fixed, and the relative action is achieved according to the principle of action and reaction. In particular, it is possible to extract torque by rotating the other party as a rotor (inner rotor or outer rotor).

It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the schematic structure of the secondary element in the superconducting rotary machine which concerns on this embodiment. It is a longitudinal section end view of the superconducting motive according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing (A) a superconducting lead-shaped winding in the superconducting motor of FIG. 2, (B) a diagram showing a normal conducting lead-shaped winding, and (C) a diagram showing a rotor core. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the superconducting wire which comprises the superconducting lead | guide_shaped coil | winding of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the rotor in the superconducting motive of FIG. It is a reference figure which shows an example of the generation principle of the reluctance torque in the superconducting rotary machine which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the total torque obtained with the superconducting rotating machine according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the superconducting motive system to which the superconducting motive of the present invention is applied. It is a flowchart which shows the operating method of the superconducting rotary machine and / or rotary machine system which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the primary current in the superconducting electromotive machine which concerns on a present Example. It is a reference figure which shows the torque characteristic of the superconducting rotary machine which concerns on this invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electromagnetic phenomenon in the superconducting lead-shaped winding of FIG. 3. It is a figure which shows the modification of the superconducting rotary machine system of this invention.

[Constitution]
[Characteristic structure of secondary child]
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following, as one embodiment of the present invention, an inner rotor type rotating machine having a primary stator as a stator and a secondary as a rotor (the rotating part is an inner rotor, And the secondary child, the primary child is on the outside, and the secondary child is on the inside thereof.
First, after mentioning the characteristic structure of the secondary element in the superconducting rotating machine according to the present invention and explaining it, the configuration of the entire superconducting rotating machine according to the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing a schematic structure of a secondary rotor (also referred to as “superconducting rotor” for convenience in the following description of the present embodiment) in the superconducting rotating machine according to the present embodiment. As is clear from FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 5, the superconducting rotor 7 has a cylindrical shape and has a basic structure in which a rotating shaft 75 corresponding to the output shaft can be inserted into the axis.

  The rotor core (core) 71 is formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates in the axial direction. The rotating shaft receiving hole 71a, the rotor bar (73a and 74a) insertion slot 72 formed in each electromagnetic steel plate, and the hole 76a to which the high temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is applied are formed using, for example, an electric discharge machining method. ing.

The rotor slots 72 are provided radially from the shaft center in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rotor core 71.
In this rotor slot 72, in order to generate induction / synchronous torque, rotor bars 73a, 74a comprising a hybrid double structure of a high-temperature superconducting wire (rotor bar) 73a and a normal conducting wire 74a (rotor bar) such as copper. Is inserted. As will be described later, both end portions of each superconducting rotor bar 73a protruding from the rotor core 71 are joined by end rings 73b, and both ends of the normal conducting rotor bar 74a are joined by end rings 74b.

  The high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 applied to the hole 76a provided in the rotor core 71 is a constituent element that can also be called the core of the present invention, and functions as a magnetic shield in the superconducting state. That is, the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 is in a superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is also in a superconducting state and becomes a magnetic shield, so that a large reluctance torque is expressed. The operation or control method of the superconducting rotating machine 1 until the reluctance torque is obtained in addition to the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) will be described in detail later in another section.

In the present embodiment, the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is embedded in a hole 76 a provided in the rotor core 71. In the present embodiment, the hole 76a is formed in a manner parallel to the axis of the superconducting rotor 7 or the rotating shaft 75, and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is embedded therein.
In the present embodiment, an yttrium-based high-temperature superconducting bulk material is used for the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76.

Here, if only the axial end face shape and / or the cross-sectional shape of the superconducting rotor according to the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 are viewed, the high temperature superconductivity is formed in the hole 76a provided in the rotor core 71. This configuration to which the bulk body 76 is applied is similar to a known permanent magnet rotating machine.
However, the high-temperature superconducting shield applied in the present invention exhibits complete diamagnetism, and a reluctance torque much greater than that of a permanent magnet exhibiting a vacuum permeability can be obtained.

FIG. 6 is a reference diagram illustrating the principle of reluctance torque generation in the superconducting rotor according to the present embodiment. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing the relationship between the axial current and the flux linkage. For simplicity, the rotor slot 72 is not shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
Also in the case of the present invention, the principle of reluctance torque generation is that the magnetic resistance (reluctance) of the magnetic path changes as the superconducting rotor 7 rotates as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). Torque (= so-called reluctance torque based on the difference between the reluctance of d-axis and q-axis) is expressed. This point may be understood in the same manner as a known permanent magnet rotating machine.

Assuming that in the superconducting state, in FIG. 6 (a), the flux linkage phi _d by the d-axis current i _d is limited to the middle high temperature superconducting bulk 76. This is because the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 becomes a complete diamagnetic body under the superconducting state and functions as a magnetic shield.
On the other hand, in FIG. 6B, conversely, the interlinkage magnetic flux φ _q due to the q-axis current i _q increases because it passes through a silicon steel plate having a high magnetic permeability. That is, the d-axis magnetic resistance is larger than that of the q-axis.
At this time, when the superconducting rotor 7 is rotated, the reluctance difference between the d-axis and the q-axis can be expressed as torque. This is represented, for example, by the torque characteristic shown by the thin line in FIG. The principle of reluctance torque generation in the superconducting rotor according to the present embodiment will be described as described above.

The relative magnetic permeability μ _s of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 in the normal conducting state is 1 which is almost the same as that of air. Therefore, a certain amount of reluctance torque is generated even in the normal conducting state before or just before the high temperature superconducting bulk body 76 becomes a superconductor.
However, when the high-temperature superconducting bulk body is completely diamagnetic under superconducting conditions (ie, the magnetic field experienced by the bulk is less than the “lower critical magnetic field”), it completely prevents the magnetic field from entering, that is, more than in the air. An extremely large reluctance torque will be realized. This is one of the major aims of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the total torque obtained by the superconducting rotator according to this embodiment including the superconducting rotator having the above characteristic structure when in the superconducting state.
As shown in FIG. 7, the total torque finally obtained in the superconducting rotating machine of the present invention is zero resistance induction torque (superconducting torque) that appears when the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 enters the superconducting state (synchronous rotating state). In addition to (synchronous torque), the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is also superposed and synthesized with a large reluctance torque that appears when it becomes a superconducting state and becomes a magnetic shield.

  In the high-temperature superconducting / induction synchronous machine according to the prior invention of the present inventor, only the characteristics shown by the broken line in FIG. 7 have been obtained. On the other hand, in the present invention, torque (reluctance torque) indicated by a thin line in the figure is also obtained, and the total torque is obtained by superimposing both of them. Therefore, in the present invention, the total torque is greatly improved as compared with the prior art and becomes large.

  Here, the torque characteristics as shown in FIG. 7 can be obtained with a known permanent magnet rotating machine apart from the magnitude of the total torque, but the point of the present invention is that it can be obtained with an induction machine having a simple structure. This is a great merit and is mentioned as a structural advantage of the present invention.

[Superconducting motive]
Next, the overall configuration of the superconducting rotating machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, a superconducting rotating machine (hereinafter described as a superconducting motor) 1 according to the present embodiment includes a cylindrical casing 2 and an annular stator 3 provided on the inner peripheral portion of the casing 2. And disc-shaped brackets 4a and 4b for closing both openings of the casing 2, and a superconducting rotor 7 rotatably supported by the brackets 4a and 4b via bearings 5a and 5b.

  The stator 3 includes an annular stator core 3a formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates such as silicon steel plates in the axial direction, and a stator winding 3b provided in a slot (not shown) of the stator core 3a. ing. The stator winding 3b is made of a normal conductive material.

  Superconducting rotor 7 is arranged inside stator 3 at a predetermined interval. The superconducting rotor 7 includes a hollow cylindrical rotor core 71, a high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 embedded in a hole 76a formed in the rotor core 71, and a rotor bar 73a in a slot 72 of the rotor core 71. , A superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 in which the rotor bar 74 a is housed in the slot 72 of the rotor core 71, and a rotation attached coaxially to the rotor core 71. And a shaft 75.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the rotor core 71 is formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates such as silicon steel plates in the axial direction. A rotation shaft receiving hole 71 a for receiving the rotation shaft 75 is formed at the center of the rotor core 71. Further, in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rotor core 71, a plurality of slots 72 penetrating in the axial direction are formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.
The slot 72 is generally formed obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the rotor core 71 and has an oblique slot (skew) configuration.

In the present embodiment, the hole 76 a in which the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is embedded is formed in a manner parallel to the axis of the superconducting rotor 7 or the rotating shaft 75.
In this embodiment, as apparent from FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, the hole 76a has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Further, the two holes 76a facing each other in a pair with the rotation shaft 75 therebetween are formed so that their long axes are substantially parallel to each other, and the adjacent holes 76a are The long-axis extension lines are formed so as to be substantially orthogonal to each other.
In short, as is apparent from FIGS. 1, 3, and 5, at least one pair of the high-temperature superconducting bulk bodies 76 applied to the superconducting rotor 7 according to the present embodiment is provided in the iron core 71. When viewed in the axial direction end view or cross-sectional view, the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 has a rectangular shape whose end face or cross-sectional shape is long in the circumferential direction of the iron core 71.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 includes a plurality of rotor bars 73a housed in the slots 72 of the rotor core 71 and annular end rings 73b that respectively short-circuit both ends of each rotor bar 73a. Has been.

  The rotor bar 73a is formed by bundling a plurality of superconducting wires (in this embodiment, bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting wires) 73e, and has a rectangular cross section (but is not limited to a rectangular cross section). As shown in FIG. 4, the superconducting wire 73e is formed by coating a plurality of bismuth high temperature superconducting filaments 73c with a highly conductive metal 73d such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, or an alloy thereof. The number of rotor bars 73 a is the same as the number of slots 72 of the rotor core 71. The rotor bar 73a is arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction to form a cylindrical and skew-structured car, and is arranged obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the car. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor bar 73 a is formed longer than the axial length of the rotor core 71, and protrudes from the slot 72 when accommodated in the slot 72.

  The end ring 73b is made of a superconducting wire 73e such as a bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting wire like the rotor bar 73a. Each end of the rotor bar 73a protruding from the slot 72 is joined to the end ring 73b.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 includes a plurality of rotor bars 74 a housed in the slots 72 of the rotor core 71 and annular end rings 74 b that short-circuit both ends of each rotor bar 74 a. It is configured.

The rotor bar 74a is made of a highly conductive material such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, or an alloy thereof, and has a rectangular cross section (but is not limited to a rectangular cross section). The number of rotor bars 74 a is the same as the number of slots 72 of the rotor core 71. The rotor bar 74a is disposed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction so as to form a cylindrical and skew structure car larger than the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73, and is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the car. Has been placed. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor bar 74 a is formed to be longer than the axial length of the rotor core 71, and protrudes from the slot 72 when accommodated in the slot 72.
In the present embodiment, the rotor bar 74a is inserted in the slot 72 and outside the rotor bar 73a of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 as shown in FIGS.

  The end ring 74b is made of a highly conductive material such as copper, aluminum, silver, or gold, like the rotor bar 74a. Each end portion of the rotor bar 74a protruding from the slot 72 is joined to the end ring 74b.

  The rotating shaft 75 is inserted and attached to the rotating shaft receiving hole 71 a of the rotor core 71. The rotating shaft 75 is rotatably supported by the brackets 4a and 4b via bearings 5a and 5b such as bearings.

According to the superconducting motive 1 configured as described above, when the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in the normal conducting state (non-superconducting state), the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is caused by the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. Inductive current flows through this, and induction torque is generated. At this time, the superconducting motor 1 is rotated by the induced torque main drive, and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “guided rotation (normal conducting state)” of FIG.
Regarding FIG. 11, what is shown by the solid line is the torque characteristic obtained in the superconducting motor 1 according to the present embodiment. On the other hand, what is indicated by a broken line is a torque characteristic obtained in the superconducting motor having the same configuration as that of the superconducting motor 1 according to the present embodiment except that the reluctance torque generating means including the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is not provided. Details will be described later.
Here, in the state where the superconducting motor 1 is inductively rotated, a slight induced current also flows through the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73. However, since the induced current flowing in the normal conducting lead winding 74 is much larger, the induced torque generated in the normal conducting lead winding 74 is more dominant than the induction torque generated in the superconducting lead winding 73. It is.
The relative magnetic permeability μ _s of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 in the normal conducting state is 1 which is almost the same as that of air. Therefore, a certain amount of reluctance torque is generated in both the induction rotation state and the synchronous rotation state even in the normal conduction state before or just before the high temperature superconducting bulk body 76 enters the superconducting state. Therefore, in the superconducting motive 1 according to the present embodiment, the reluctance torque is superimposed, and as a result, the torque characteristic is as shown in FIG. In other words, when in the induced rotation state before the transition to the superconducting state, the torque characteristic corresponding to the “inductive rotation (normal conducting state)” in FIG. 11 is exhibited.
However, as described below, when the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is completely diamagnetic under the superconducting state, the magnetic field is completely prevented from entering, that is, a reluctance torque much higher than that in air is realized. Become. This corresponds to the “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” of the torque characteristics according to FIG.

On the other hand, according to the superconducting motive 1, when the superconducting cage winding 73 changes from the normal conducting state to the superconducting state, the superconducting cage winding 73 captures the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. (See FIG. 12C). At this time, the superconducting motor 1 is rotated by the synchronous torque main drive, and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.
Here, when the superconducting rotor 7 is placed under superconductivity including the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, the total torque finally obtained in the superconducting motor 1 according to the present embodiment is as described above. 7, in addition to the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) that appears when the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 is in the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is also in the superconducting state. Thus, a large reluctance torque that appears when the magnetic shield is formed is synthesized in a superimposed manner.
During this synchronous rotation, a slight slip may occur due to the influence of the connection resistance between the rotor bar 73a and the end ring 73b. However, in this case as well, it can be regarded as a synchronous rotation.

  In the state of synchronous rotation, even if an excessive load is applied to the superconducting motive 1, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 shifts to the magnetic flux flow state (see FIG. 12B) and continues to operate with the induced torque main drive. It is possible. The induction torque at this time is provided from both the superconducting lead-type winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-type winding 74 in the magnetic flux flow state, and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “induction rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG. Is done. Even at this time, in the superconducting motive 1 according to the present embodiment, the reluctance torque is superimposed, and as a result, the torque characteristic is as shown in “induction rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.

That is, the superconducting motor 1 has a torque characteristic (slip-torque characteristic) as shown in FIG. 11, and rotates in the induced torque main operation in the normal conduction state, and in the superconducting state, the synchronous torque main operation, Rotates with induced torque main load when loaded.
As described above, as is apparent from the torque characteristics shown in FIG. 11, in the superconducting motive 1 according to the present embodiment, the reluctance composed of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 particularly in the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state). It can be understood that a much larger synchronous torque can be obtained than that without the torque generating means. In the superconducting motive 1 according to the present embodiment, when the superconducting rotor 7 is placed under superconductivity in a form including the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, as shown in FIG. In addition to the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) that appears when the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 enters the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is also superconducting and magnetically shielded. This is because the large reluctance torque that appears when it becomes a body is synthesized in a superimposed manner.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the superconducting rotor 7 is placed under superconductivity in a form including the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, the total torque finally obtained is high as shown in FIG. In addition to the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) that appears when the superconducting rotor bar 73 enters the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 also becomes a superconducting state and becomes a magnetic shield. Since the large reluctance torque that is expressed is synthesized in a superimposed manner, the load range that can be covered in the superconducting state is dramatically improved. Therefore, under the present embodiment, it is possible to significantly reduce the possibility that the superconducting rotor 7 is overloaded when the superconducting rotor 7 is in the superconducting state and reaches a mode of rotating by the induced torque main drive.

[how to drive]
Hereinafter, an example of a method for operating the superconducting rotating machine 1 according to the present embodiment from room temperature will be described. The following description will be given with reference to FIG.
Here, it is assumed that the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is higher than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 as a precondition. Alternatively, even if the critical temperatures of the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 are the same, the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 can be artificially made to be lower than that of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76. Are equivalent.

  First, when starting at room temperature, the rotating machine 1 of the present invention operates as a normal induction machine (step 1).

  Then, the temperature goes down. First, when the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 becomes less than the critical temperature, that is, when the winding is in a superconducting state, the winding captures the interlinkage magnetic flux (see FIG. 12C). ) And shift to synchronous rotation (step 2). At this time, the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is not yet in a superconducting state.

  Thereafter, the temperature is further lowered, and when the temperature becomes lower than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, the bulk body 76 enters a superconducting state (step 3). When the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state, a large magnetic flux shielding characteristic can be obtained, and thus a large reluctance torque is exhibited.

  As described above, in order as the operating temperature decreases, i) the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a superconducting state and zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) is developed. Ii) the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state. A large total synchronous torque is realized by dividing the stage of torque (synchronous torque) expression. Needless to say, the final steady operation state is in a temperature region below the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body.

[Superconducting motive system]
Further, an embodiment in which the superconducting motivation 1 configured as described above is assumed to be mounted on an automobile as shown in FIG. 8, for example, and used as the superconducting electromotive motivation system 21 will be described.

  The superconducting motive system 21 controls the superconducting motive 1 connected to the wheel 23 via the axle 22, the cooling device 24 that can cool the superconducting motive 1 until it becomes a superconducting state, and the cooling device 24 according to the cooling signal SR. In addition, the control unit 25 is configured to control the superconducting motor 1 through the inverter 26 in accordance with the electric motor drive signal SM, and the battery 27 for driving the superconducting motor 1.

  The cooling device 24 applies the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 in the slot 72 of the superconducting rotor 7 via a refrigerant supply path (not shown) provided in the rotating shaft 75 and the rotor core 71 of the superconducting motive 1. In order to do so, the coolant is supplied into the hole 76a. Thereby, the cooling device 24 can cool the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 in the superconducting motive 1 to below the critical temperature. As the refrigerant, helium gas, liquid nitrogen, or the like is used.

  The control device 25 drives and controls the superconducting motor 1 via the inverter 26 in accordance with the electric motor drive signal SM. At this time, the control device 25 controls the voltage V and the frequency f of the alternating voltage applied to the stator winding 3 b of the superconducting motor 1 via the inverter 26. Thereby, the control apparatus 25 feedback-controls the rotation speed and torque of the superconducting motive 1.

  As described above, the control device 25 stores in advance an example of a control method for operating the superconducting rotating machine 1 according to the present invention from room temperature.

  First, the control pattern for induction rotation used when the superconducting motor 1 rotates by induction torque main motion is a known control pattern used for a conventional induction motor.

Similarly, the control device 25 stores in advance a control pattern for synchronous rotation that is used when the superconducting motor 1 rotates by synchronous torque main motion.
Here, also in the present embodiment, as described above, in the superconducting rotating machine 1 according to the present invention, as the operating temperature decreases, i) the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 becomes superconducting in order, and zero resistance induction torque (Superconducting synchronous torque) is expressed, and ii) The high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state and generates reluctance torque (synchronous torque). pay attention to. In any case, the operation state of the superconducting motor 1 when the superconducting rotor 7 is finally under the temperature region below the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is as follows. The control is performed based on the synchronous rotation control pattern used in the process. The synchronous rotation control pattern is a known control pattern used for a conventional synchronous motor.

Further, a primary current signal SI which is a signal of a primary current flowing in the stator winding 3b is constantly input from the superconducting motive device 1 to the control device 25. The control device 25 further has a threshold value I _TH for the primary current signal SI and is set for each ratio V / f of the voltage V and the frequency f of the AC voltage applied to the stator winding 3b. Stored.

The threshold value I _TH is used to determine whether or not the superconducting cage winding 73 is in a superconducting state (whether or not the superconducting motive motor 1 is rotated by synchronous torque main driving). Set to

First, the superconducting motor ₁ is steadily operated at an arbitrary V / f value, for example, V ₁ / f ₁ in the normal conducting state. At this time, the primary current signal SI becomes a substantially constant value I _N1 as shown in FIG.

Next, the cooling device 24 is started to operate and is driven until the superconducting motive 1 is in a superconducting state. After a predetermined time T _1, the superconducting cage cage winding 73 is superconducting state, it decreases the value of the primary current signal SI, the I _S1. Then, the threshold value _{I TH1 is} slightly smaller value (e.g. 90% value of _{I S1)} than the value of _{I S1.} By executing this operation for each V / f value, each threshold value I _TH can be obtained.

  The phenomenon in which the value of the primary current decreases when the superconducting cage winding 73 is in the superconducting state is due to the superconducting motor 1 shifting from induction rotation to synchronous rotation at that time. In other words, an extra current for maintaining the slip state is required during the induction rotation, whereas the extra current is not necessary during the synchronous rotation, so that the value of the primary current decreases.

Controller 25 determines the value of the primary current signal SI to be input at all times, based on whether the lower or higher than the threshold value I _TH, whether superconducting motor 1 is rotating at a synchronous torque main drive. That is, if the value I _S1 of the primary current signal SI is lower than the threshold value I _TH , the synchronous rotation control pattern is applied to the superconducting motor 1 assuming that the primary torque signal is rotating by the synchronous torque main drive. Assuming that the rotation is caused by the induced torque main drive, the control pattern for induced rotation is applied.

Note that I _TH is set to a value slightly smaller than I _S1 . On the contrary, if I _TH is set to a value higher than I _S1 , the actual rotation is induced due to fluctuations in the primary current signal SI. Regardless, the synchronous rotation control pattern may be applied to the superconducting motive 1 in some cases, which hinders operation. On the other hand, if I _TH is set to a value slightly smaller than I _S1 , the control pattern for induction rotation can be applied to the superconducting motor 1 that is actually rotating synchronously, but the superconducting motor 1 can be operated without any trouble. The

  Further, when the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a superconducting state in a state where the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator winding 3b is not captured, the control device 25 causes the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 to be in a magnetic flux flow state. As described above, the voltage applied to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage is increased. Once the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a magnetic flux flow state, it can capture the interlinkage magnetic flux even in a state below the critical temperature. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  For example, when the superconducting cage winding 73 has been cooled below the critical temperature by the cooling device 24 before the start of operation, the superconducting cage winding 73 does not capture the magnetic flux from the stator winding 3b. It is in a superconducting state. In this state, when an AC voltage is applied to the stator winding 3b, a shielding current flows through the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73, and the magnetic flux linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is zero. (See FIG. 12A). That is, in this case, no synchronous torque is generated, and no induced current flows through the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74, so no induced torque is generated. Therefore, the superconducting motive 1 cannot operate in this state.

  Therefore, the control device 25 increases the applied voltage to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage until the shielding current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 exceeds the critical current, thereby superconducting cage winding. 73 is brought into a magnetic flux flow state. Since a finite resistance is generated in the magnetic flux flow state, the magnetic flux can be linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding even if the temperature is lower than the critical temperature (see FIG. 12B).

  Thereafter, the superconducting rotor 7 is accelerated, and if the relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and the superconducting rotor 7 is reduced accordingly, the current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 is automatically reduced. Finally, when the current flowing in the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 falls below the critical current, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 captures the interlinkage magnetic flux (see FIG. 12C).

  The superconducting motive system 21 configured as described above is used as follows.

(1) When the operation is started from the room temperature state First, the driver performs a driving operation, and the motor drive signal SM is input to the control device 25. The control device 25 drives the superconducting motor 1 in accordance with the signal SM. At this time, since the superconducting motive 1 is in the normal conducting state, it rotates with the induced torque main drive.

At that time, the control device 25 detects that the primary current signal SI that is always input is higher than the threshold value I _TH corresponding to the operating condition V / f, and determines that the superconducting motor 1 is in the normal conducting state. Detect. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for induction rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by induced torque main motion, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. That is, in the normal conduction state, the superconducting motor 1 operates as an induction motor and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “induction rotation (normal conduction state)” in FIG.

On the other hand, the cooling signal SR is input to the control device 25 when a cooling start operation is performed by the driver after the start of driving. The control device 25 drives the cooling device 24 according to the signal SR. The cooling device 24 supplies a refrigerant such as helium gas to the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 of the superconducting motive 1, and the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 are less than the critical temperature. Cool down to. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is higher than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76.
Even if the cooling device 24 is driven, the superconducting motor 1 still operates as an induction motor until at least the superconducting cage winding 73 becomes below the critical temperature.

  After a predetermined time has passed, the temperature decreases, and according to the above-described example of the operation method of the superconducting motor 1 according to the present invention, when the superconducting cage winding 73 becomes below the critical temperature and enters the superconducting state, the winding is chained. The magnetic flux is captured (see FIG. 12C), and the superconducting motor 1 shifts to synchronous rotation. At this time, the superconducting motor 1 rotates by synchronous torque main driving.

Here, when the superconducting motor 1 shifts to synchronous rotation, the control device 25 detects that the primary current signal SI that is always input is lower than the threshold value I _TH corresponding to the operating condition V / f. Then, it is detected that the superconducting motive 1 is in a superconducting state. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for synchronous rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by synchronous torque main drive, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. That is, in the superconducting state, the superconducting motive 1 exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.

Thereafter, the temperature is further lowered, and when the temperature becomes lower than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, the bulk body 76 enters a superconducting state. When the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state, a large magnetic flux shielding characteristic can be obtained, and thus a large reluctance torque is exhibited. Here, in addition to the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) which is finally obtained by the superconducting rotating machine 1 of the present invention and which is manifested when the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 enters the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), FIG. 7 shows the total torque expressed by superposing the large reluctance torque that appears when the superconducting bulk body 76 is also in the superconducting state and becomes a magnetic shield.
Note that the operating state of the superconducting motor 1 when the superconducting rotor 7 is finally under a temperature region lower than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is also the same as that described above when the superconducting motor 1 rotates with the synchronous torque main drive. Is controlled based on the synchronous rotation control pattern used in the above.

(2) When operation is started from a temperature lower than the critical temperature i) When the temperature is higher than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 and lower than the critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 First, the operation is performed by the driver. An electric motor drive signal SM is input to 25. The control device 25 tries to drive the superconducting motor 1 in accordance with the signal SM. However, since the superconducting motor 1 is in a superconducting state at this time, even if an AC voltage is applied to the stator winding 3b, a shielding current flows through the superconducting cage winding 73, so that the superconducting cage winding 73 and the normal winding The magnetic flux interlinking with the electrically conductive winding 74 is zero, and the superconducting motor 1 does not operate.

  At this time, the control device 25 increases the voltage applied to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage until the shielding current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 exceeds the critical current, and the superconducting cage winding. The line 73 is brought into a magnetic flux flow state. In the magnetic flux flow state, as described above, the magnetic flux can be linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding even if the state is below the critical temperature.

  Thereafter, the superconducting rotor 7 is accelerated, and if the relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and the superconducting rotor 7 is reduced accordingly, the current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 is automatically reduced. Finally, when the current flowing in the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 falls below the critical current, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 captures the interlinkage magnetic flux. And the superconducting motor 1 rotates by synchronous torque main drive.

At that time, the control device 25 detects that the primary current signal SI that is always input is lower than the threshold value I _TH corresponding to the operating condition V / f, and the superconducting motor 1 is in the superconducting state. Is detected. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for synchronous rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by synchronous torque main drive, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. That is, in the superconducting state, the superconducting motive 1 rotates synchronously and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.

  Thereafter, the temperature is further lowered, and when the temperature becomes lower than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, the bulk body 76 enters a superconducting state. When the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state, a large magnetic flux shielding characteristic can be obtained, and thus a large reluctance torque is exhibited. The zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) that appears when the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 enters the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 are also represented in the superconducting state. The total torque obtained by the large reluctance torque that appears when the magnetic shield is obtained is as shown in FIG.

ii) When the temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 First, the driver performs a driving operation, and the motor drive signal SM is input to the control device 25. The control device 25 tries to drive the superconducting motor 1 in accordance with the signal SM. However, since the superconducting motor 1 is in a superconducting state at this time, even if an AC voltage is applied to the stator winding 3b, a shielding current flows through the superconducting cage winding 73, so that the superconducting cage winding 73 and the normal winding The magnetic flux interlinking with the electrically conductive winding 74 is zero, and the superconducting motor 1 does not operate.

  However, at this time, the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is already in a superconducting state, and a large magnetic flux shielding characteristic is obtained. Therefore, in the future, as the superconducting rotor 7 is rotated and gradually accelerated, the superconducting rotor 7 to which the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is applied has a large reluctance torque using the obtained large magnetic flux shielding characteristics. Is expressed.

  Next, the control device 25 increases the voltage applied to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage until the shielding current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 exceeds the critical current, and the superconducting cage winding. The line 73 is brought into a magnetic flux flow state. In the magnetic flux flow state, as described above, the magnetic flux can be linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding even if the state is below the critical temperature.

  Thereafter, the superconducting rotor 7 is accelerated, and if the relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and the superconducting rotor 7 is reduced accordingly, the current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 is automatically reduced. Finally, when the current flowing in the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 falls below the critical current, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 captures the interlinkage magnetic flux. And the superconducting motor 1 rotates by synchronous torque main drive.

Here, the control device 25 detects that the primary current signal SI that is always input is lower than the threshold value _ITH corresponding to the operating condition V / f, and the superconducting motor 1 is in the superconducting state. Is detected. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for synchronous rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by synchronous torque main drive, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. Also in this case, the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) that is expressed when the high-temperature superconducting rotor bar 73 enters the superconducting state (synchronous rotation state), and the high-temperature superconducting torque, which are expressed in a finally synthesized form. The total torque obtained by the large reluctance torque that appears when the bulk body 76 becomes a superconducting state and becomes a magnetic shield is as shown in FIG.
Thus, as in i), ii) even when the superconducting rotor 7 is started from the time when the superconducting rotor 7 is under a temperature region below the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, the superconducting motor 1 of this embodiment is The motor rotates synchronously under the superconducting state, and finally exhibits a torque characteristic corresponding to the “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” of FIG.

[Industrial applicability]
As described above, according to the present invention, the obtained reluctance torque is expressed when the high-temperature superconducting cage rotor according to the prior invention of the present inventor is in a zero resistance state (synchronous rotation state). By effectively using it together with the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque), the total torque can be dramatically improved.

  Also, when a certain torque value is determined as a specification, even if the primary winding is composed of a normal conducting winding, the ratio between the above reluctance torque and the zero resistance induction torque (superconducting synchronous torque) is adjusted appropriately. The primary current can be suppressed, and the copper loss and heat generation of the normal conducting primary winding can be reduced.

  In addition, since the rotor core is originally at a very low temperature in order to put the superconducting lead-shaped winding into a superconducting state, the high-temperature superconducting bulk body inevitably becomes a superconducting state, and the high temperature applied in the rotor core. Since the superconducting bulk body exhibits the ultimate magnetic characteristics (substantially complete diamagnetism) as compared with air or the like, the reluctance torque obtained can be increased to the ultimate.

  In addition, since the superconducting rotating machine 1 according to the present invention can have a simple structure similar to that of a conventional induction motor, maintenance is easy and inexpensive.

  Thus, it is clear that the present invention is a novel and useful invention that has a simple structure and exhibits extremely excellent electrical and device characteristics.

[Modification]
Although one embodiment of the present invention has been specifically described above, the present invention can be implemented by being modified as follows.
For example, in this embodiment, the primary element is a stator and the secondary element is a rotor, but this is an embodiment of the present invention, and the primary and secondary are relative to each other. If it is the structure which rotates, it will not be limited to the said structure. For example, it may be configured such that the primary element rotates as an outer rotor while the secondary element remains fixed.
In the case of such a configuration, the primary element has a cup-like configuration as well as a known outer rotor, and at the same time has a rotating shaft that can extract the rotational output from a position coaxial with the central axis of the secondary element. It is preferable. In addition, even if the primary rotates as an outer rotor, the configuration related to the generation of rotational force remains the same even when the secondary is fixed, and the primary winding of the primary is still rotating. The magnetic field is generated.

  In the above embodiment, the rotating part is the inner rotor, and the positional relationship between the primary and secondary is that the primary is on the outside and the secondary is on the inside. Although the inner rotor type rotating machine in FIG. 6 has been described as an example, the rotating portion may be an inner rotor or an outer rotor. Similarly, with respect to the positional relationship between the primary and secondary, the primary is not limited to the outside and the secondary is located inside, the primary is the inside, and There may be a relationship in which the secondary element is annularly positioned outside the secondary element.

  In short, according to the present invention, by fixing either the primary element or the secondary element without changing the configuration relating to the generation of the rotational force, the opponent can be relatively moved according to the principle of action and reaction. It is possible to take out torque by rotating as a rotor (inner rotor or outer rotor).

In the present embodiment, the yttrium-based high-temperature superconducting bulk material is used in the present embodiment with respect to the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76. However, the material of the bulk body 76 is not limited to this. For example, the samarium-based high-temperature superconducting bulk material Various materials such as rare earth-based high-temperature superconducting bulk materials such as Gadolinium-based high-temperature superconducting bulk materials, bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting bulk materials, and oxide-based high-temperature superconducting bulk materials in general may be applied.
In addition, instead of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, a stack body formed by appropriately laminating a metal-based low-temperature superconductor represented by Nb, NbTi or Nb ₃ Sn, or a high-temperature superconducting wire may be used.

Similarly, in the present embodiment, regarding the superconducting wire 73e, the bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting wire is used in the present embodiment, but the material of the wire 73e is not limited to this, and an yttrium-based oxide high-temperature superconducting material, Various materials such as a metal superconductor such as magnesium diboride, or a metal low temperature superconductor represented by NbTi or Nb ₃ Sn may be applied.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of high-temperature superconducting bulk bodies 76 that are provided in the superconducting rotor 7 so as to be substantially parallel to the rotation center axis of the superconducting rotor 7 over substantially the entire axial length of the superconducting rotor 7 are provided. Although the reluctance torque generating means is used, the reluctance torque generating means is not limited to this. The reluctance torque generating means is drilled in the superconducting rotor 7 substantially in parallel with the rotation center axis of the superconducting rotor 7 over substantially the entire axial direction of the superconducting rotor 7. It does not matter as at least one gap provided. In this case, the reluctance torque is expressed from reluctance difference caused by the difference in relative permeability mu _s ≒ 1000 relative permeability mu _s ≒ 1 and the iron core of the air.

  In this embodiment, the superconducting rotor 7 includes both the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74, and i) when the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a non-superconducting state. Ii) When the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a superconducting state, the superconducting lead-shaped winding is rotated by the induced torque generated in the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 due to the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. 73 is rotated by a synchronous torque main drive generated by capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field, and when the superconducting rotor 7 is in a rotating state and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state, When the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 becomes a magnetic shield and reluctance torque is developed, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 are in a superconducting state. The total torque has been sequentially described what are obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque, the present invention is not limited to the above structure.

For example, with respect to the superconducting rotor included in the superconducting rotating machine or superconducting rotating machine system of the present invention, the superconducting rotor that rotates by being arranged in a stator that generates a rotating magnetic field (corresponding to the secondary, the same applies hereinafter). 7 and a superconducting wire rod 73 formed by a rotor bar 73a and an end ring 73b made of one or a plurality of superconducting wires in which a plurality of superconducting wires are coated with a highly conductive metal, or a rotor made of a normal conducting material. At least one of the normal conducting lead-shaped windings 74 formed by the bar 74a and the end ring 74b and at least one provided in the superconducting rotor 7 over substantially the entire axial length of the superconducting rotor 7. One high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 and one or both rotor bars of superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 or normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 A cylindrical rotor core 71 having a plurality of slots 72 for receiving 3a, 74b and at least one hole 76a for receiving a high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76; and a rotor shaft provided coaxially with the rotor core 71 75, and
The superconducting rotor 7 includes a reluctance torque expressed by a reluctance difference between the rotor core 71 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 when the superconducting rotor 7 is in a rotating state, and a superconducting lead coil 73 or a normal conducting lead. You may rotate by the total torque with the synchronous torque or induction torque which arises by one or both of the coil | winding 74.

The superconducting rotator included in the superconducting rotator or superconducting rotator system of the present invention comprises a superconducting rotator 7 provided with a superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and a high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76. When the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a superconducting state, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is rotated by a synchronous torque main drive generated by capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3, and When the superconducting rotor 7 is in a rotating state and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque due to the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 becoming a magnetic shield is developed. The total torque when the winding 73 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 are in the superconducting state is the combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. Be those obtained Te and may be.
Under such a configuration, when the superconducting cage winding 73 is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting rotor 7 is superconducting due to the induced current flowing in the superconducting cage winding 73 and the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. It rotates by the total torque of the induction torque generated in the squirrel-cage winding and the reluctance torque expressed by the reluctance difference between the rotor core 71 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 when the superconducting rotor 7 is in a rotating state.

  Furthermore, for the superconducting rotator included in the superconducting rotator or superconducting rotator system of the present invention, the superconducting rotator is provided with a normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 and a high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76, When the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 74 is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting rotor 7 is rotated in the rotating state due to the induced torque main motion generated in the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 due to the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. When the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque due to the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 becoming a magnetic shield is developed. At this time, the superconducting rotor is driven by the reluctance torque. 7 may be configured to rotate.

  In the above embodiment, the stator winding 3b made of a normal conducting material is used. However, the stator winding 3b made of a superconducting material may be used. However, in this case, the critical temperature of the stator winding 3 b needs to be equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73. Otherwise, when the stator winding 3b enters the superconducting state and starts to drive, the superconducting cage winding 73 is always in the superconducting state and can only perform synchronous rotation or induction rotation in the superconducting state.

  In the superconducting rotating machine system 21, the superconducting motive 1 is directly connected to the axle 22. However, the superconducting motive 1 may be connected to the axle 22 via a transmission.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the superconducting rotary machine of this invention was used as a superconducting electromotive machine, it can also be used as a superconducting generator. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 13A, the blade 32, the superconducting generator 1 in which the blade 32 is connected to the superconducting rotor 7 via the shaft 33, and the alternating current generated in the stator winding 3 b of the superconducting generator 1. A superconducting power generator system 31 including a power converter 34 that converts the voltage and frequency of power can be obtained.
The superconducting generator system 31 rotates the superconducting rotor 7 by the rotation of the blade 32 to generate AC power in the stator winding 3b. The superconducting generator system 31 operates as an induction generator when the superconducting cage winding 73 is in the normal conducting state, and operates as a synchronous generator when in the superconducting state, similarly to the superconducting motivation system 21 in the above embodiment. .
The superconducting generator system 31 is configured to increase the rotational speed of the superconducting generator 1 by connecting a speed increaser 36 between the blade 32 and the superconducting generator 1 as shown in FIG. 13B. You can also.

Further, in the above embodiment, the hole 76 a in which the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 is embedded is formed in a manner substantially parallel to the axis of the superconducting rotor 7 or the rotating shaft 75. The hole 76a is not limited to those described above.
For example, similarly to the slot 72, it may be formed obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the rotor core 71 and may have an oblique slot (skew) configuration. That is, the hole 76a extends substantially in the axial direction of the iron core 71 in the rotor core 71, or the rotor bar 73a of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 or the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74. The rotor bar 74a may be provided substantially in parallel. Furthermore, the direction in which the holes 76a are formed may not be completely the same as the direction in which the slots are formed (obliquely).

In this embodiment, the arrangement of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 when viewed from the axial end face or cross section of the superconducting rotor 7 is as shown in FIGS. The arrangement | positioning aspect of the bulk body 76 is not limited to this at all. In short, a large reluctance difference occurs when the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 becomes a superconducting state and becomes a magnetic shield, and a large reluctance torque is developed in the superconducting rotating machine 1 equipped with the superconducting rotor 7 by using this. There is no particular limitation on the arrangement mode of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76 as long as it can be arranged.
From the same idea, the shape of the superconductor (high-temperature superconducting bulk material 76) of the present invention corresponding to the magnetic shield is not limited to that described in the present embodiment, and is tubular (the cross section perpendicular to the axis is ring-shaped). Alternatively, the shape orthogonal to the axis may be an arc shape.

  Further, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 are separated, and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is superconducting. Although the cage is larger than the cage winding 73 and each rotor bar 74a is positioned outside each rotor bar 73a of the superconducting lead winding 73, the present invention is not limited to this. The magnitude relationship is not limited to this and may be the reverse of the above.

  In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 are separated, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. The normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is formed by making one or more kinds of high-conductivity metals in the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 more than a predetermined thickness, and is integrated with the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73. It does n’t matter.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the number of rotor bars 73a of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the number of rotor bars 74a of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 are the same as each other. The secondary iron core 71 is provided with a number that can be accommodated. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the number of rotor bars 73a of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the rotor of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 are not limited thereto. The number of bars 74a may be different from each other. Even in this case, the number of slots 72 that can accommodate at least the rotor bars 73a of the superconducting lead-shaped windings 73 and the rotor bars 74a of the normal conducting lead-shaped windings 74 is in the secondary iron core 71. Provided.

  In addition, in the present embodiment, an example of the operation or control method has been described on the assumption that the critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 76. The relationship between the critical temperatures is not limited to this, and may be the same or the opposite.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, when the value of the current flowing through the primary side winding (the value I _S1 of the primary current signal SI) changes or decreases due to the superconducting coil winding being in the superconducting state. The superconducting rotating machine 1 is controlled using the second control pattern (control pattern for synchronous rotation), and if not, the superconducting rotating machine 1 is controlled using the first control pattern (control pattern for induction rotation). However, the parameter for observing the change is not particularly limited to the value of the current flowing in the primary winding, the primary voltage value, the phase difference between the current flowing in the primary winding and the primary voltage, or It may be the value of the rotational speed of the superconducting rotating machine.

1 Superconducting Rotator 7 Superconducting Rotator 71 Rotor Core 72 Slot 73 Superconducting Conductor-Shaped Winding 74 Normal Conducting Conveyor-Shaped Winding 75 Rotor Shaft 76 High-Temperature Superconducting Bulk Body 76a Perforations 73a, 74a Rotor Bar

Claims (19)

A superconducting rotating machine comprising a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a secondary element arranged coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. A superconducting secondary in
The secondary element is composed of a superconducting lead-shaped winding formed by a rotor bar and an end ring made of one or a plurality of superconducting wires in which one or a plurality of superconducting wires are coated with a highly conductive metal, or a normal conducting material. One or both of normal conducting lead-shaped windings formed by the rotor bar and end ring,
At least one superconductor provided over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the secondary;
A plurality of slots for accommodating the rotor bars of one or both of the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding, and a secondary iron core having at least one perforation for accommodating the superconductor;
A rotating shaft having a common axis with the primary element;
Including
The superconducting secondary includes a reluctance torque expressed by a reluctance difference between the secondary iron core and the superconductor when the superconducting rotating machine is in a relative rotation state, the superconducting lead-shaped winding or the normal conducting lead. A superconducting secondary device, wherein the superconducting rotating machine can be relatively rotated by a total torque with a synchronous torque or an induction torque generated by one or both of the shape windings. The secondary element includes both the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding,
When the superconducting lead-shaped winding is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting lead-shaped winding rotates due to the induced torque main drive generated in the normal conducting lead-shaped winding due to the rotating magnetic field,
When the superconducting lead-shaped winding is in a superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is configured to rotate relative to the synchronous torque driven by the superconducting lead-shaped winding capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field, and ,
Under the relative rotation state of the superconducting rotating machine, when the superconductor is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque due to the superconductor becoming a magnetic shield is developed,
The total torque when the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the superconductor are in a superconducting state is configured to be obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. Superconducting secondary. The secondary element includes only the superconducting lead-shaped winding,
When the superconducting lead-shaped winding is in a superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is configured to rotate relative to the synchronous torque driven by the superconducting lead-shaped winding capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field, and ,
Under the relative rotation state of the superconducting rotating machine, when the superconductor is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque due to the superconductor becoming a magnetic shield is developed,
The total torque when the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the superconductor are in a superconducting state is configured to be obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. Superconducting secondary.   When the superconducting cage winding is in a non-superconducting state, the induced current flowing in the superconducting cage winding and the induction torque generated in the superconducting cage winding due to the rotating magnetic field, and the superconducting rotating machine are relative to each other. 4. The superconducting motor according to claim 3, wherein the superconducting rotating machine is relatively rotated by a total torque of a reluctance torque expressed by a reluctance difference between the secondary iron core and the superconductor when in a rotating state. Next child. The secondary element is provided with only the normal conducting lead-shaped winding,
When the superconductor is in a non-superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is relatively rotated by an induced torque main motion generated in the normal conducting lead-shaped winding due to the rotating magnetic field, and
When the superconductor is in a relative rotation state and the superconductor is in a superconducting state, reluctance torque is generated due to the superconductor becoming a magnetic shield. At this time, the reluctance torque The superconducting secondary device according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting rotating machine is configured to rotate relative to the main drive. The superconductor is made of a metal-based low-temperature superconductor represented by Nb, NbTi, or Nb ₃ Sn, an yttrium-based, samarium-based, gadolinium-based or bismuth-based oxide-based high-temperature superconductor, or magnesium diboride. The superconducting secondary device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the superconducting secondary material is made of a metal-based superconducting material.   The superconducting secondary device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding is equal to or higher than a critical temperature of the superconductor.   The superconductor is substantially parallel to the central axis of the secondary element or the rotor bar of the superconducting lead-shaped winding or the normal conducting lead-shaped winding over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the secondary. The superconducting secondary device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the superconducting secondary device is provided for the secondary device. The superconductor is provided in at least one pair in the secondary element, and when the secondary element is viewed in an axial end view or a cross-sectional view,
The superconducting secondary device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an end face or a cross-sectional shape of the superconductor is a rectangle whose aspect ratio is long in a circumferential direction. The superconducting wire is made of a metal-based low-temperature superconductor represented by NbTi or Nb ₃ Sn, an oxide-based high-temperature superconductor represented by yttrium-based or bismuth-based, or a metal-based superconductor such as magnesium diboride. And
The superconducting secondary device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the highly conductive metal is silver, copper, gold, aluminum, or an alloy thereof.   The normal conducting lead-shaped winding is formed by making one type or a plurality of types of the highly conductive metal in the superconducting lead-shaped winding a predetermined thickness or more, and is integrated with the superconducting lead-shaped winding. The superconducting secondary device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:   The superconducting lead-type winding is separate from the normal conducting lead-type winding, and the superconducting lead-type winding has a larger cage than the normal-conducting lead-type winding. The superconducting secondary device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein is located outside of each rotor bar of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding.   The superconducting lead-type winding and the normal conducting lead-type winding are separate bodies, and the normal-conducting lead-type winding has a larger cage than the superconducting lead-type winding, and each rotor bar The superconducting secondary device according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting secondary coil is positioned outside each rotor bar of the superconducting lead-shaped winding. The number of rotor bars of the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the number of rotor bars of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding are the same number or different numbers.
The slot is provided in the secondary side iron core so that at least the number of the rotor bars of the superconducting lead-type winding and the number of rotor bars of the normal conducting lead-type winding can be accommodated. The superconducting secondary device according to claim 1 or 2.   The primary winding is made of a superconducting material, and the critical temperature of the superconducting material is equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the superconducting wire forming the superconducting wire rod. 14. The superconducting secondary device according to any one of 14 above.   A superconducting rotating machine comprising a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a secondary element arranged coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. A superconducting rotating machine comprising the superconducting secondary device according to any one of claims 1 to 15. A superconducting rotating machine comprising a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a secondary element arranged coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. And a superconducting rotating machine comprising the superconducting secondary according to claim 2;
A cooling device capable of cooling the superconducting rotating machine to a superconducting state;
A control device for controlling the superconducting rotating machine;
Including
The control device should be used when the superconducting rotator is rotating with the induced torque main drive and when the superconducting rotator is rotating with the synchronous torque main drive. A second control pattern, the value of the current flowing in the primary winding, the primary voltage value, the phase difference between the current flowing in the primary winding and the primary voltage, or When the value of the rotational speed of the superconducting rotating machine changes due to the superconducting cage winding being in the superconducting state, the superconducting rotating machine is controlled using the second control pattern; In this case, the superconducting rotating machine system is configured to control the superconducting rotating machine using the first control pattern.   When the superconducting cage winding is in a superconducting state without capturing the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field at the time of starting, the control device is configured so that the current flowing through the superconducting cage winding exceeds a critical current. In addition, the voltage applied to the primary winding and / or the frequency of the applied voltage is changed to bring the superconducting cage winding into a flux flow state, and the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field is linked to the superconducting cage winding. The superconducting rotating machine system according to claim 17, wherein the superconducting rotating machine system is configured to be used. A superconducting rotating machine comprising a primary element having a primary winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a secondary element arranged coaxially with the primary element so as to be able to rotate relative to the primary element. The superconducting secondary machine according to claim 2 is provided, and the superconducting rotating machine in which the critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding is equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the superconductor is operated from room temperature. There,
When starting from room temperature, operating the superconducting rotating machine as a normal induction machine;
First, the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting cage winding is less than the critical temperature, and when the winding enters a superconducting state, the high-temperature superconducting cage winding captures the interlinkage magnetic flux and synchronizes. Expressing a synchronous torque by shifting to rotation;
Thereafter, the temperature is further lowered, and when the superconductor becomes lower than the critical temperature of the superconductor, the superconductor is also in a superconducting state, and the superconductor becomes a magnetic shield to develop reluctance torque,
Consists of
Superconducting rotation characterized in that the total torque when the high-temperature superconducting lead-shaped winding and the superconductor are finally in a superconducting state is finally obtained as a combined torque of the synchronous torque and the reluctance torque. How to operate the machine.

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