JP5270085B2 - Work machine cab structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cab structure of a work machine, which reduces an uncomfortable feeling of the operator caused by blocking of a guiding visual field, and allows the operator to carry out work in a comfortable condition. <P>SOLUTION: The cab structure 1 is provided with a pair of right and left front pillars 14, 14 extending from an edge of a base board 12 toward a ceiling board 13, and a front glass 15 fixed to the front pillars 14, 14. A front portion 17 constituted of the front pillars 14, 14 and the front glass 15 is formed into an arched surface about an axis X that horizontally extends in a lateral direction of a driver seat 11 passing on a point equal to an average eye location of the drivers, as a center axis. Herein a distance from the axis X to the arched surface is represented by L, an interval between the front pillars 14, 14, by W, and an average guiding visual field angle of operators, by &theta;, respectively, the relationship 1,100 mm&le;L&le;W/(2&times;tan(&theta;/2)) is satisfied. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cab structure of a work machine that is provided on an upper part of a work machine such as a construction vehicle and forms a cab.

  Conventionally, the structure of patent document 1 is known as a cab structure of a working machine. The structure described in Patent Document 1 extends so that the upper end side of the windshield wraps around the ceiling portion side, and has a continuous wide upper view from the front to the upper side of the driver without giving a feeling of pressure to the operator. It is possible to ensure. As described above, in the conventional technique, the operator's work efficiency is improved and the operability is improved by expanding the visible range of the operator.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-74659

  On the other hand, in the field of ergonomics that pursues comfort, research on human eye movements and gaze areas is progressing. In human cognition, it is clear that there are “effective visual field” and “guide visual field”. The effective visual field is a range that can be recognized only by eyes without moving the head. The guidance visual field is a region having low identification ability but visual information affecting the spatial coordinate system. In human work, the state where the head is not moved is very unnatural, and when considering the range that can be identified naturally, the guidance field is important, and it is ideal that there is no obstruction in the guidance field. Become. If there is an obstacle that obstructs the operator's guidance field, the operator always recognizes the presence of the obstacle during work and feels that the obstacle is an obstacle.

  Although the cab structure described in Patent Document 1 described above can widen the visible range by securing a continuous wide upper field of view from the front to the upper side of the driver, The discomfort felt by the operator due to the obstruction of the guidance field by partial obstacles such as pillars is not considered at all. Therefore, there is a possibility that work comfort may be reduced by giving such an unpleasant feeling to the operator.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a cab structure for a working machine that can reduce the discomfort felt by an operator by blocking the guidance field of view and can work more comfortably.

Means and effects for solving the problems

  The present invention relates to a cab structure for a work machine that is provided on a work machine body and that forms a cab. And the cab structure of the working machine which concerns on this invention has the following some features, in order to achieve the said objective. That is, the cab structure of the work machine according to the present invention includes the following features singly or in combination as appropriate.

In order to achieve the above object, a first feature of a cab structure for a work machine according to the present invention is a cab structure for a work machine that is provided at an upper part of the work machine and forms a driver's cab, wherein A driver seat installed in the base, a base to which the driver seat is fixed, a ceiling plate formed so as to cover the driver seat, and an end of the base located in front of the driver seat to the ceiling plate A pair of left and right front pillars extending toward the front pillar, and a front window fixed to the pair of front pillars, and a front portion including the pair of front pillars and the front window includes at least a portion near the base. In some cases, the driver seat extends horizontally in the left-right direction of the driver seat through a point where the height from the upper surface of the seat is in a range of 700 mm to 900 mm. Axis are formed to be curved to the central axis and the arcuate surface, the distance from said axis to said arcuate surface L, and spacing of the pair of front pillars W, the driver seated on the driver's seat When the width at the position of the circular arc surface of the guidance visual field around 25 ° to the left and around 25 ° to the right is T,
2 × 1100 mm × tan (50 ° / 2) ≦ 2 × L × tan (50 ° / 2) = T ≦ W ≦ 1250 mm
It is formed so that.

According to this configuration, when the driver's eye position is on the center axis of the arc surface, if the driver's guidance view angle is 50 ° or less, the front portion formed as the arc surface has left and right fronts. Since the distance between the pillars is equal to or greater than the width of the guidance field, it is possible to prevent the guidance field from being blocked by the front pillar. As a result, discomfort felt by the driver by blocking the guidance visual field can be eliminated, and the driver can work more comfortably. Since the front window is formed of a material that does not block the field of view, such as glass or transparent reinforced plastic, the field of view is not blocked by the front window.
Further, since L is configured to be 1100 mm or more, a sufficient distance from the driver's seat to the front window in the vicinity of the base can be secured. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the guidance visual field from being blocked without excessively narrowing the cab and deteriorating workability. The average value of the person's sitting height is about 910 mm, the height of the line of sight is about 100 mm lower than the overhead, and the length of the person's knee is about 350 mm. In this case, when the person is seated in the driver's seat, the height from the base of the eye position is about 1160 mm (910 mm-100 mm + 350 mm), so that the space near the feet is wider for more workers. In order to keep it, it is desirable that L be 1100 mm or more.
In addition, in the vicinity of the base at a position far away from the position of the eyes of the driver sitting in the driver's seat, the guidance visual field is particularly easily blocked by the front pillar. However, this configuration is effective because it is possible to reliably prevent the front pillar from blocking the guidance field in the vicinity of the base.
Since the human guidance field is approximately 50 °, it is possible to eliminate discomfort that is felt when the guidance field is blocked by more drivers.
Further, it is known that the seat height is about 0.535 times the height, and the seat height of a person having a height of 1500 mm to 1800 mm is about 803 mm to 963 mm. Accordingly, the height of the axis line from the upper surface of the seat is in the range of 700 mm to 900 mm, which is in the vicinity of the average eye position height (position approximately 100 mm lower than the overhead position) of the driver sitting in the driver's seat. By this, it becomes possible to exhibit the effect which eliminates discomfort with respect to more drivers.

Further, a second feature of the cab structure of the work machine according to the present invention is that the front portion is formed to be an arc surface centering on the axis line from the base to the entire surface between the ceiling plates. It is that you are.

According to this configuration, since it is possible to prevent the guidance visual field from being obstructed by the front pillar between the base and the ceiling plate, it is possible to further reduce discomfort felt by the driver.
Further, when formed so as to satisfy L = W / (2 × tan (β / 2)), if the driver's guidance visual field angle is β, the distance from the driver's eye position to the front portion Since L is the largest value that satisfies the condition that does not obstruct the driver's guidance field of view, the space in the driver's cabin in the vicinity of the front part can be widened between the base and the ceiling plate without obstructing the guidance field of view. It becomes possible. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the feeling of pressure that the driver receives from the front part, and to further improve the driver's comfort.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a hydraulic excavator including a cab structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A hydraulic excavator 100, which is a construction machine (work machine), includes a traveling device 2 having a crawler, a base plate 12 (base) provided on the traveling device 2, and an engine, a hydraulic pump provided on the base plate 12. A cab structure 1 is provided on the base plate 12 positioned in front of the machine room 3. The cab structure 1 is provided on the base plate 12 positioned in front of the machine room 3.

  The cab structure 1 includes a driver's seat 11 installed in a driver's cab, a base plate 12 to which the driver's seat 11 is fixed, a ceiling plate 13 formed so as to cover the driver's seat 11, and a front of the driver's seat 11. A pair of left and right front pillars 14 and 14 extending from the end of the base plate 12 positioned toward the ceiling plate 13 at substantially equal intervals, and a windshield 15 (front) fixed to the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 Window). In addition, a pair of rear pillars 16 and 16 located behind the driver's seat 11 are provided, and the ceiling plate 13 is supported together with the front pillars 14 and 14. The glass is not limited to the case where glass is used as the front window, and any material can be used as long as the field of view can be secured through the front window.

  As shown in the schematic side view of the cab structure 1 in FIG. 2, the front portion 17 composed of a pair of front pillars 14 and 14 and the windshield 15 has a height from the seat upper surface 11 a of the driver seat 11 (H in FIG. 2). ) Is 810 mm (average value) and extends horizontally in the left-right direction of the driver's seat 11 (hereinafter referred to as axis X. Indicated in FIG. 2 as X and extending in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface). It is curved so as to be an arc surface with a radius of 1300 mm as an axis. The axis X is located at a height of about 1250 mm from the floor surface of the cab. Further, since the axis X exists in a position closer to the ceiling plate 13 than the base plate 12 in the cab, the axis X is lower than the axis X compared to the front portion 17 of the portion positioned above the height of the axis X. The portion of the front portion 17 that is positioned is curved so as to be closer to the driver's seat 11 side.

  By forming the front portion 17 in this way, the axis X becomes an axis that passes through a point that is an average eye position for the driver sitting in the driver's seat 11. As a result, the distance from the arc surface formed by the front portion 17 to the driver's eye position P (hereinafter referred to as the eye point P) sitting on the driver's seat becomes substantially equal for more drivers. It becomes possible to do so.

Here, when the distance from the axis X to the arc surface is L, the distance between the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 is W, and the average guidance viewing angle of the driver is θ, the following equation 1 is satisfied. Thus, the front part 17 is designed.
[Equation 1]
L ≦ W / (2 × tan (θ / 2))

Specifically, although the driver's guidance viewing angle varies from person to person, the average value is approximately 50 °, so the front side satisfies the following Equation 2 calculated as θ = 50 ° in Equation 1. Part 17 is designed. The angle θ is not limited to 50 ° and can be changed as appropriate in consideration of the driver's guidance viewing angle for operating the construction machine. However, since there are few drivers whose guidance viewing angle is smaller than 30 °, θ is preferably 30 ° or more.
[Equation 2]
L ≦ W / (2 × tan (50 ° / 2))

  In the present embodiment, the distance between the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 is determined in advance as 1250 mm, for example, due to the limitation of the vehicle width in the left-right direction. Therefore, the position of the front portion 17 is determined so that the distance L1 from the axis X to the arc surface is 1340 mm or less from Equation 2. In the present embodiment, as described above, L1 = 1300 mm is formed, and the windshield 15 is formed from the eye point P to the horizontal plane at a position about 1200 mm (indicated by y in FIG. 2) vertically downward. Yes. Since the windshield 15 is curved in an arc shape with the axis X as the central axis, the distance L2 from the eye point P to the lower end of the windshield 15 (the center in the left-right direction) is also 1300 mm, similar to L1.

  For comparison, FIG. 3 shows an overall schematic diagram of a hydraulic excavator 200 having a conventional cab structure 21. Except for the cab structure 21, the excavator 200 includes a traveling device 22, a machine room 23, an arm 24, and the like similar to the excavator 100 according to the present embodiment. The cab structure 21 includes a driver's seat 31, a base plate 32, a ceiling plate 33, a pair of left and right front pillars 34, 34, a windshield 35, and rear pillars 36, 36. The cab structure 1 according to this embodiment is different from the cab structure 1 according to the present embodiment in that the front portion 37 made of the front pillars 34 and 34 and the windshield 35 is formed in a flat plate shape and is inclined so as to move away from the driver's seat as it goes downward. Different.

  As shown in the schematic side view of the conventional cab structure 21 in FIG. 4, the distance L3 from the driver's eye point P to the front portion 37 (windshield 35) facing the front horizontal direction is the implementation of the present invention. Similar to the cab structure 1 according to the embodiment, the windshield 35 is 1300 mm, and the windshield 35 is formed from the eye point P to a horizontal plane at a position vertically downward 1200 mm (indicated by y in FIG. 4). And the distance L4 from the eye point P to the lower end (central part in the left-right direction) of the windshield 15 is larger than L3, and is L4 = 1800 mm.

  Hereinafter, for the cab structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional cab structure 21, the relationship between the position of the front pillar and the guidance visual field at that position will be compared.

  Here, FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-section of the front pillar in the cab structure taken along a plane including the axis X, and a pair of front pillars from the axis X (indicated by the alternate long and short dash line X passing through the eye point P). It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the distance L to and the width | variety T of the guidance visual field in the position of the said distance L. FIG. The guide visual field angle is represented by θ, and the distance between the pair of front pillars is represented by W.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when the front pillar is at the position indicated by A (position where L = La), the guide visual field width Ta at that position is smaller than the distance W between the pair of front pillars. Therefore, the front pillar does not block the guidance field. On the other hand, when the front pillar is at the position indicated by B in the figure (position where L = Lb), the width Tb of the guiding visual field at that position is larger than the interval W between the pair of front pillars. It will obstruct the guidance field. In this case, the operator feels uncomfortable by blocking the guidance field.

As described above, there is a relationship expressed by the following equation (3) between the distance L and the width T of the guiding visual field.
[Equation 3]
T = 2 × L × tan (θ / 2)

  As the distance L from the axis X to the front pillar decreases, the width T of the guidance field decreases, and the front pillar is less likely to block the guidance field. On the other hand, as the distance L increases, the width T of the guiding visual field at that position increases, and the front pillar tends to block the guiding visual field.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the case of the conventional cab structure 21, the distance L4 from the eye point P to the lower end portion (central portion in the left-right direction) of the windshield 35 is 1800 mm. When the driver's guidance visual field angle is 50 °, the guidance visual field width T at a position 1800 mm from the eye point P is about 1679 mm (from Equation 3). In FIG. 6, the positions of the pair of front pillars 34 and 34 at the lower end portion of the windshield 35 as viewed from the driver sitting in the driver's seat 31 are schematically shown. As described above, in the conventional cab structure 21, the width T of the guidance field at the lower end portion of the windshield 35 is about 1679 mm, and the width T of the guidance field is larger than the distance (1250 mm) between the pair of front pillars 34 and 34. It is getting wider. In this case, the guidance visual field is blocked by the front pillars 34 and 34, and the operator feels uncomfortable.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, in the case of the cab structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the distance L2 from the eye point P to the lower end portion (central portion in the left-right direction) of the windshield 15 is 1300 mm. When the driver's guidance visual field angle is 50 °, the width of the guidance visual field at a position 1300 mm from the eye point is about 1213 mm (from Equation 3). In FIG. 7, the positions of the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 at the lower end portion of the windshield 15 as seen from the driver sitting in the driver's seat 11 are schematically shown. As described above, in the cab structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the guide visual field width T at the lower end of the windshield 15 is about 1213 mm, and the guide visual field width is the distance between the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 ( 1250 mm). In this case, the guidance visual field is not blocked by the front pillars 14 and 14, and the worker can work comfortably. Since L2 is formed to be longer than 1100 mm, there is sufficient space in the driver's cabin in the vicinity of the base where the front portion 17 and the driver are closest to each other, that is, in the vicinity of the driver's feet. It is possible to secure a comfortable working space with less feeling of pressure by the front portion 17.

  Further, since the front portion 17 of the cab structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed to be an arc surface centered on the axis X between the base plate 12 and the ceiling plate 13, the base plate 12 Since the guidance visual field is not obstructed by the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 over the entire surface between the ceiling plate 13 and the ceiling plate 13, the driver can feel less discomfort.

  In the present embodiment, the distance L from the eye point P to the windshield 15 is 1300 mm, but the distance L with respect to the distance W between the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 is W / (2 × tan ( 50 ° / 2)) (hereinafter referred to as “Lmax”), it is possible to secure a wider space in the driver's cab without obstructing the guidance view for a driver whose guidance view angle is 50 °. It becomes. Specifically, since W = 1250 mm in the present embodiment, the space around the driver can be further widened by making the distance L close to 1341 mm (Lmax), and the guidance visual field is not obstructed. It can be. As a result, the feeling of pressure from the front portion 17 can be reduced, and the driver's comfort in the cab can be improved. In particular, when L = Lmax, it is possible to secure the widest cabin space without obstructing the guidance field of view. In this case, since there are many drivers whose guidance field angle is 50 ° which is close to the average value of general guidance field angles, this is effective for more drivers.

In the present embodiment, L = 1300 mm, W = 1250 mm, and it is designed to satisfy Equation 4 (α = approximately 50 ° in Equation 4).
[Equation 4]
L = W / (2 × tan (α / 2))
30 ° ≦ α ≦ 50 °
L ≧ 1100mm

  Accordingly, for a driver having a guidance viewing angle of about 50 °, the distance L from the driver's eye position to the front portion 17 is the largest value that satisfies the condition that does not block the driver's guidance field of view. Therefore, in the vicinity of the front portion 17 that is curved so as to be an arcuate surface, it is possible to further widen the space in the cab without obstructing the guidance field of view. Since there are many drivers whose guidance view angle is in the range of 30 ° to 50 °, the space in the driver's cab can be designed without blocking the guidance view for more drivers by designing to satisfy the condition of Equation 4. It is possible to exert the effect of widening.

  The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the case where the front portion 17 is formed in an arc shape over the entire surface between the base plate 12 and the ceiling plate 13. For example, FIG. 8 shows a cab structure 40 according to a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the same members as those in the cab structure 1 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. In the cab structure 40 according to the modification, as shown in FIG. 8, only the front portion 47 a in the vicinity of the base plate 12 out of the front portion 47 passes through the eye point P described above and the left-right direction of the driver's seat 11. Are curved so as to form an arcuate surface with an axis X extending horizontally. And in the position higher than the height of the seat of the driver's seat 11, the front part 47 is extended to the ceiling board 13 vertically upwards.

  According to the configuration of this modified example, it is possible to suppress an increase in the width of the cab structure 40 in the front-rear direction, which is effective when the width of the cab structure in the front-rear direction is limited. Further, the front pillar forming the front portion 47 located on the ceiling plate 13 side can be formed in a straight line shape, and the windshield can be formed in a flat plate shape, and the cab structure 40 can be easily manufactured.

As described above, the cab structure 1 of the working machine according to the present embodiment is provided at the upper part of the excavator 100 to form a cab, and a driver's seat 11 installed in the cab and the operation. A base plate 12 to which the seat 11 is fixed, a ceiling plate 13 formed so as to cover the driver seat 11, and an end portion of the base plate 12 positioned in front of the driver seat 11 toward the ceiling plate 13. And a pair of left and right front pillars 14 and 14 and a windshield 15 fixed to the pair of front pillars 14 and 14, and a front portion comprising the pair of front pillars 14 and 14 and the windshield 15. 17, at least a part including the vicinity of the base plate 12 passes through the point where the height from the seat upper surface 11a of the driver's seat 11 is 810 mm. Are formed curved to an arc surface that the axis X and a central axis extending horizontally in the lateral direction of the seat 11,
In order to satisfy the equation of 1100 mm ≦ L ≦ W / (2 × tan (50 ° / 2)), the distance L from the axis X to the arc surface is 1300 mm, and the distance W between the pair of front pillars is 1250 mm. Is formed.

Thereby, when the position of the eyes of the driver whose guidance visual field angle is 50 ° or less is on the center axis of the arc surface, the distance between the left and right front pillars 14 and 14 is set in the front portion 17 formed as the arc surface. Is equal to or greater than the width of the guidance field, so that the guidance field can be prevented from being blocked by the front pillar 14. As a result, discomfort felt by the driver by blocking the guidance visual field can be eliminated, and the driver can work more comfortably.
Further, since L is configured to be 1100 mm or more, a sufficient distance from the driver's seat 11 to the windshield 15 in the vicinity of the base plate 12 can be secured. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the guidance visual field from being blocked without excessively narrowing the cab and deteriorating workability.
Further, in the vicinity of the base plate 12 that is far from the position of the eyes of the driver sitting on the driver's seat 11, the guidance visual field is particularly easily blocked by the front pillar 14. However, this configuration is effective because the front pillar 14 can reliably prevent the guide visual field from being blocked at this portion.
Since the human guidance field is approximately 50 °, it is possible to eliminate discomfort that is felt when the guidance field is blocked by more drivers. Further, by setting the height of the axis X from the seat upper surface 11a within the range of 700 mm to 900 mm, which is near the height of the average eye position of the driver sitting in the driver's seat, more It is possible to exert an effect of eliminating discomfort to the driver.

  Further, since the front portion 17 is formed to be an arc surface centering on the axis X over the entire surface between the base plate 12 and the ceiling plate 13, between the base plate 12 and the ceiling plate 13. Since the guidance field of view is not obstructed by the front pillar 14, the driver can feel less discomfort. Since the distance L from the axis X to the arc surface is close to W / (2 × tan (50 ° / 2)), the space in the cab can be made wider without obstructing the guidance field of view. Is possible. Therefore, the space around the driver can be widened, the feeling of pressure from the front portion 17 can be eliminated, and the driver's comfort can be further improved.

  Further, as in the modification shown in FIG. 8, the front portion 47 of the driver seat 11 passes through the eye point P of the driver sitting on the driver seat 11 only in a part including the vicinity of the base plate 12. By curving and forming an arc surface centering on the axis line X extending horizontally in the left-right direction, it is possible to suppress the guidance visual field in the vicinity of the foot from being blocked by the front pillar. Then, by making the distance L from the eye point P to the windshield at the portion forming the arcuate surface closer to Lmax, a larger space near the foot can be secured.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made as long as they are described in the claims.

  For example, height adjusting means can be attached to the seat of the driver's seat so that the height of the seat of the driver's seat can be adjusted. In this case, the position of the driver's eye point can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the seat. Therefore, even when the driver sits on the seat before height adjustment and the eye point is significantly deviated from the center axis of the arc surface formed by the front part, It is possible to adjust the eye point so that the front pillar does not block the guidance field of view.

1 is an overall schematic diagram of a hydraulic excavator including a cab structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the cab structure shown in FIG. 1. It is a whole schematic diagram of a hydraulic excavator provided with the conventional cab structure. FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the conventional cab structure shown in FIG. 3. It is a figure explaining the width | variety of the guidance visual field in the position of a front pillar. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the guidance visual field range when a lower end part of a windshield is seen from the driver's seat of the conventional cab structure, and a front pillar. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the guidance visual field range when a lower end part of a windshield is seen from the driver's seat of the cab structure which concerns on this embodiment, and a front pillar. It is a figure which shows the modification of the cab structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Cab structure 2 Traveling device 3 Machine room 4 Arm 11 Driver's seat 12 Base plate (base)
13 Ceiling panel 14 Front pillar (front)
15 Windshield (front part)
17 Front 100 Hydraulic Excavator

Claims (2)

A cab structure of a work machine that is provided at an upper part of the work machine and forms a driver's cab,
A driver seat installed in the driver's cab, a base to which the driver seat is fixed, a ceiling plate formed to cover the driver seat, and an end of the base located in front of the driver seat A pair of left and right front pillars extending toward the ceiling plate, and a front window fixed to the pair of front pillars,
The front part composed of the pair of front pillars and the front window passes through a point where the height from the upper surface of the seat of the driver seat is in a range of 700 mm to 900 mm at least in part including the vicinity of the base. Are curved so as to form an arcuate surface with an axis extending horizontally in the left-right direction of the driver's seat as a central axis,
The distance between the axis and the arc surface is L, the distance between the pair of front pillars is W, and the arc surface of the guidance field of view of the driver sitting in the driver's seat about 25 ° leftward and 25 ° rightward When the width at the position of T is T,
2 × 1100 mm × tan (50 ° / 2) ≦ 2 × L × tan (50 ° / 2) = T ≦ W ≦ 1250 mm
A cab structure for a working machine, characterized by being formed to be   2. The cab structure for a work machine according to claim 1, wherein the front portion is formed to be an arc surface centered on the axis line from the base to the entire surface between the ceiling plates.

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