JP5257818B2 - Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a stator used as an exciter for a brushless generator is provided with a permanent magnet.

  The operation of a general brushless generator will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, a power source 101 supplies power to an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102 supplies a direct current to the field winding 104 of the exciter via the cable 103a. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102 detects the output voltage of the generator with a voltage detector (not shown), and the exciter so that the generator voltage remains constant even when the load changes. The direct current flowing through the field winding 104 is adjusted. The armature winding 105 of the exciter passes an alternating current by a magnetic flux generated by the direct current flowing through the field winding 104 of the exciter. The rectifier 106 converts an alternating current flowing from the armature winding 105 of the exciter through the cable 103b into a direct current. The field winding 107 of the generator creates a magnetic flux by a direct current flowing from the rectifier 106 via the cable 103c. The generator armature winding 108 supplies an alternating current by magnetic flux generated in the generator field winding 107 and supplies power to a load (not shown).

  In the brushless generator having such a configuration, the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102 has a large number of parts, and is a complicated and sophisticated control system. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to a facility that particularly requires a safety function. When the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102 cannot be used, there is a problem that the voltage of the generator cannot be controlled uniformly according to the size of the load.

  However, for example, when a brushless generator is used as a backup power source for an important device, the load connected to the generator is determined, so the magnitude of the load does not change. Therefore, the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102 is not necessary because the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102 does not need to adjust the current flowing through the field winding 104 of the exciter. If there is no need to adjust the current flowing through the field winding 104 of the exciter, it is more efficient to provide a permanent magnet instead of the field winding 104 of the exciter because the field copper loss is eliminated. Get better. Due to such a demand, a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine having a permanent magnet in the stator instead of the power source 101, automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 102, cable 103a and exciter field winding 104 is required as an exciter. Is being used.

  In a brushless generator equipped with such an exciter, the output capacity of the exciter is designed so that the brushless generator generates a predetermined voltage in consideration of the specific load to be connected. It is required that the output capacity of the exciter can be finely adjusted in order to finely adjust the deviation from the design value of the output voltage of the brushless generator caused by the error caused by the load requirement when combined. .

  A permanent magnet type rotating electric machine having a permanent magnet provided on a conventional stator will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a general permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine such as a generator having a permanent magnet in the stator.

  In FIG. 3, the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine includes a stator 1 disposed in a cylindrical shape, and a rotor 3 disposed on a radially inner side of the stator 1 via a predetermined gap 2. Yes. A shaft 4 passes through the axis of the rotor 3, and this shaft 4 is rotatably supported by a bearing mounting plate 6 via a bearing 5. A cylindrical stator core core portion 7 that supports the stator 1 is attached to the bearing mounting plate 6.

  The stator 1 was inserted into a stator core tooth portion 8 formed by laminating magnetic steel plates for each magnetic pole, and a hole provided along the axial direction (stacking direction) of each stator core tooth portion 8. A permanent magnet 9 is provided, and the magnetic poles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.

  A rotor 3 disposed inside the stator 1 via a gap 2 is a rotation formed by laminating a large number of magnetic steel plates each having a plurality of slots spaced in the circumferential direction in the axial direction. A core 10 and an armature winding 11 housed in a plurality of slots of the rotor core 10 are provided, and the rotor core 10 is fitted on the shaft 4.

  In the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine configured as described above, the rotor 3 is electromagnetically coupled with the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 9 of the stator 1 by rotating the shaft 4 by a driving source (not shown), and the armature winding. A current can be passed by connecting the electric circuit of the line 11.

  In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine having such a configuration, there is a method of adjusting the length t of the gap 2 as one of the methods for changing the output capacity of the rotating electrical machine. The method will be described.

  When the output capacity of the rotating electric machine is P, the voltage generated in the armature winding 11 is V, and the current that flows when the electric circuit is connected to the armature winding 11 is I, the following relationship (1) is established.

P∝VI ……………… (1)
When the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 9 is φ, there is a relationship of the following equation (2) with the voltage V generated in the armature winding 11.

V∝φ ……………… (2)
When the magnetic flux density of the gap 2 is B and the facing area of the stator core teeth portion 8 and the rotor core 10 is S, the following equation (3) is established between the magnetic flux φ created by the permanent magnet 9. .

φ∝BS ……………… (3)
When the permeability of the gap 2 is μ and the magnetic field of the gap 2 is H, there is a relationship of the following equation (4) with the magnetic flux density B of the gap 2.

B = μH …………… (4)
When the magnetomotive force of the gap 2 is Fm and the length of the gap 2 is t, there is a relationship of the following equation (5) with the magnetic field H of the gap 2.

Fm = tH ……………… (5)
From the relationship from Equation (1) to Equation (5), the following Equation (6) can be derived.

P∝μFmS / t (6)
From this equation (6), it can be seen that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine and the length t of the gap 2. Therefore, if the length t of the gap 2 is shortened, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine is increased. Conversely, if the length t of the gap 2 is increased, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine is decreased.

JP 2002-247822 A

  As described above, if the length t of the gap 2 is shortened, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine is increased. Conversely, if the length t of the gap 2 is increased, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine is decreased. As a means for adjusting the output capacity P, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, it is considered that the length of the gap is variably adjusted by moving the stator.

  The device described in Patent Document 1 is intended for an axial gap type rotating electrical machine, but it is conceivable to variably adjust the gap length t for a radial gap type rotating electrical machine as well.

  As one of the means, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a large number of liners 12 made of a thin plate-like magnetic material are laminated between a cylindrical stator core core portion 7 and a stator core teeth portion 8. A method of interposing them can be considered.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example in which means for moving the stator in the radial direction is provided in the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 4 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. In addition, this rotary electric machine has illustrated the case where the number of magnetic poles is six.

  In this configuration, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine can be increased by increasing the number of liners 12 and shortening the length t of the gap 2 in order to move the stator 1 in the radial direction. If the number t of the liners 12 is reduced and the length t of the gap 2 is increased, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine can be reduced.

  However, the adjustment of the length t of the gap 2 in this configuration is performed by changing the number of the liners 12 in units of one. Therefore, if the thickness of one liner 12 is thick, the length of the gap 2 is increased. On the other hand, when the adjustment width of t is increased, and the thickness of the liner 12 is thin, the shape of the liner 12 is deformed when the liner 12 is inserted and withdrawn due to the attracting force of the permanent magnet 9, which may cause trouble in mounting. May not be able to be adjusted properly.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine capable of finely adjusting the output capacity of the rotating electrical machine. .

To achieve the above object, a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present invention is a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine used as an exciter for a brushless generator by using a permanent magnet as a stator and inducing a voltage in the rotor. A stator core core portion, a stator core teeth portion formed by laminating magnetic steel plates for each magnetic pole and disposed on the inner surface of the stator core core portion in a circumferential direction, and the stator core teeth A stator having a permanent magnet inserted in a hole formed in the axial direction of the portion, and a plurality of gaps arranged in the radial direction inside the stator via a predetermined gap and spaced in the circumferential direction Rotor having a rotor core formed by laminating a plurality of magnetic steel plates having slots formed in the axial direction, a rotor including armature windings housed in a plurality of slots of the rotor core, and the rotor The rotor cores are mated A shaft, a bearing that rotatably supports the shaft, and a bearing mounting plate that supports the rotor and supports the stator core core portion via the bearing. A plurality of thin sheet liners made of a magnetic material are interposed between the stator core core portion and the stator core teeth portion so as to be movable in the radial direction, and the bearing mounting plate and the fixed The rotor core and the stator are configured so as to be movable in the axial direction by providing a stator core receiver for supporting the stator core core part slidably in the axial direction between the core and core. The structure is such that the gap and the facing area of the iron core teeth can be adjusted .

  According to the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the present invention, the stator is configured to be movable in the radial direction and to be movable in the axial direction, so that the length of the gap between the stator and the rotor and Since the amount of magnetic flux passing through the gap can be finely adjusted with the facing area being variable, the output capacity of the rotating electrical machine can be finely adjusted.

And the brushless generator using this permanent magnet type rotary electric machine can adjust the output voltage of a brushless generator finely because the output capacity of an exciter can be adjusted finely.

It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of one Embodiment of the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine by this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which moved the stator of the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine shown in FIG. 1 to the axial direction. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the principal part of rotary electric machines, such as a common generator provided with the permanent magnet in the stator. It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example which provided the means to move a stator to radial direction in the permanent-magnet-type rotary electric machine shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 4 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. It is a schematic block diagram explaining the principal part and operation | movement of a brushless generator.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of an embodiment of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present invention used for an exciter of a brushless generator, and FIG. 2 is a diagram in which a stator of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows a state. The main configuration of the brushless generator is the same as that described in FIG. 6, and a permanent magnet is used for the stator instead of the field winding 104.

  1 and 2, the present embodiment is characterized in that the stator 1 is configured to be movable in the radial direction and to be movable in the axial direction.

  The rotor 3 includes a rotor core 10 formed by laminating a large number of magnetic steel plates each having a plurality of slots formed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of slots in the rotor core 10. The rotor core 10 is fitted on the shaft 4.

  The stator 1 disposed on the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor 3 via the gap 2 includes a stator core teeth portion 8 formed by laminating magnetic steel plates for each magnetic pole, and a stator core teeth portion 8. And a permanent magnet 9 inserted into a hole provided in the axial direction.

  On both end surfaces in the axial direction of the stator core teeth portion 8, a pressing plate 13 made of a nonmagnetic material provided for preventing the permanent magnet 9 from popping out is provided. The pressing plate 13 and the stator core teeth portion 8. Are integrally formed by being fastened by a plurality of studs 14 penetrating through holes provided along the axial direction and nuts 15 screwed to both ends of the studs 14.

  The respective magnetic poles constituting the stator 1 are arranged on the inner side of the cylindrical stator core core portion 16 at intervals in the circumferential direction and fixed by bolts 17. Between the stator core teeth 8, a plurality of liners 12 made of a thin plate-like magnetic material are interposed in the radial direction as means for configuring the stator 1 to be movable in the radial direction. .

  Therefore, by increasing or decreasing the number of liners 12, the stator 1 is moved in the radial direction, and the length of the gap 2 between the stator core teeth 8 of each magnetic pole constituting the stator 1 and the rotor core 10 is increased. The length t can be variably adjusted.

  On the other hand, as a means for configuring the stator 1 to be movable in the axial direction, the cylindrical stator core core portion 16 is configured to be slidable on a cylindrical stator core receiver 18 provided inside thereof. Has been.

  A radially extending flange 18a is formed at one axial end of the stator core receiver 18, and the flange 18a is fixed to the bearing mounting plate 6 by fixing means such as bolts and nuts (not shown).

  The stator core core portion 16 is also formed with a flange 16a extending radially outward at one end in the axial direction, and this flange 16a passes through the stud bolt 19 fixed to the flange 18a of the stator core receiver 18. The nuts 20a to 20c are fixed at predetermined positions so as to be movable in the axial direction on the stator core receiver 18.

  2, the stator core core portion 16 is moved to the right side of the drawing along the axial direction to reduce the facing area S between the stator core teeth portion 8 and the rotor core 10 from the state shown in FIG. 1. Indicates the state.

  Since the facing area S is proportional to the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine as can be seen from the above equation (6), the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine can be reduced by reducing the facing area S. . Moreover, it can be continuously finely adjusted.

  However, if the facing area S is reduced, a problem associated with loss occurs. That is, when the facing area S is decreased, the amount of the permanent magnet 9 does not change. Therefore, when the magnetic flux φ of the permanent magnet 9 is constant, the magnetic flux density B of the gap 2 increases from the equation (3). When the magnetic flux density B of the gap 2 increases, the magnetic flux density B near the surface of the portion where the stator core teeth 8 and the rotor core 10 face each other also increases. When the magnetic flux density B is increased, the iron loss is increased, so that the loss is locally increased and the temperature is increased.

  If the temperature rises too much, the insulation may be adversely affected, and the life of the rotating electrical machine may be reduced or damaged. This tendency becomes stronger as the length of moving the stator core teeth portion 8 in the axial direction becomes larger (as the facing area S becomes smaller).

  Therefore, in order not to increase the loss, the length of the axial movement of the stator core teeth portion 8 should be minimized, and the stator core teeth portion 8 The amount of magnetic flux passing through the gap 2 is finely adjusted by making the length t and the facing area S of the gap 2 between the rotor core 10 variable.

  Desirably, the output capacity is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of liners 12 as radial movement means of the stator core teeth portion 8 in advance, and then fixed as axial movement means of the stator core teeth portion 8. By moving the core core 16 in the axial direction, the workability can be improved and the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine can be finely adjusted.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the output capacity P of the rotating electrical machine can be finely adjusted by configuring the stator 1 to be movable in the radial direction and the axial direction.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stator 2 ... Gap 3 ... Rotor 4 ... Shaft 5 ... Bearing 6 ... Bearing mounting plate 7, 16 ... Stator iron core part 8 ... Stator iron core tooth part 9 ... Permanent magnet 10 ... Rotor iron core 11 ... Electric machine Child winding 12 ... Liner 13 ... Presser plate 14 ... Stud 15 ... Nut 16a, 18a ... 鍔 17 ... Bolt 18 ... Stator core receiver 19 ... Stud bolt 20a to 20c ... Nut 101 ... Power supply 102 ... Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) )
103a, 103b, 103c ... Cable 104 ... Exciter field winding 105 ... Exciter armature winding 106 ... Rectifier 107 ... Generator field winding 108 ... Generator armature winding

Claims (1)

In a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that uses a permanent magnet as a stator and induces a voltage in the rotor and is used as an exciter for a brushless generator,
A cylindrical stator core core,
The stator core teeth are arranged on the inner surface of the stator core core portion at intervals in the circumferential direction, and are formed by laminating magnetic steel plates for each magnetic pole, and are formed in the axial direction of the stator core teeth portion. A stator with permanent magnets inserted into the holes,
A rotor core configured by laminating a plurality of magnetic steel plates arranged in the radial direction of the stator via a predetermined gap and having a plurality of slots spaced in the circumferential direction in the axial direction. And a rotor having armature windings housed in a plurality of slots of the rotor core;
A shaft fitted with the rotor core of this rotor,
A bearing that rotatably supports the shaft;
A bearing mounting plate that supports the rotor and supports the stator core core part through the bearing,
The stator is configured to be movable in the radial direction by interposing a plurality of thin sheet liners made of a magnetic material between the stator core core portion and the stator core teeth portion, and the bearing. The rotor is configured to be movable in the axial direction by providing a stator core receiver for supporting the stator core core portion slidably in the axial direction between the mounting plate and the stator core core portion. A permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine characterized in that a gap and an opposing area between an iron core and the stator core teeth can be adjusted .

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