JP5256369B2 - Laser drilling rig - Google Patents

Abstract

A laser drill device (1) comprises: an optical fiber cable (11); a tube (12) which encases the optical fiber cable (11); a first eccentric ring (13) through which the tube (12) passes and which rotatably supports the tube (12) via bearings (14); a second eccentric ring (15) which encases the first eccentric ring (13) and which rotatably supports the first eccentric ring (13) via bearings (16); and an anchor ring (17) which encases the second eccentric ring (15) and which rotatably supports the second eccentric ring (15) via the bearings (16). The central axis of the tube (12) is moved by the rotation of the first eccentric ring (13) and the second eccentric ring (15), and the location of a beam radiating end (37) of the optical fiber cable (1) which is encased by the tube (12) is moved.

Description

  The present invention relates to a laser excavator.

  In recent years, with the expansion of oil and gas development areas, deep excavation exceeding a depth of 5000 m and deep water excavation in a sea area exceeding a depth of 1000 m have been actively performed.

  In oil drilling, natural gas drilling, metal mine drilling, hot spring drilling, and civil engineering-related drilling, rotary drilling is generally used in which the drill bed rocks down by high-speed rotation of the drill bit. In rotary drilling, wear of the drill bit is inevitable, so it is necessary to periodically lift the drill string consisting of a drill pipe or coiled tubing from the bottom of the borehole or on the sea where the drilling rig is installed to replace the drill bit. Occur. During the operation of exchanging the drill bit, excavation stop time during which excavation cannot be performed is reached. Since the drilling stop time becomes longer as the well becomes deeper, the drilling stop time becomes one of the dominant factors in the drilling schedule in deep drilling and deep water drilling. Therefore, shortening the excavation stop time is one of the important themes.

  Laser excavation is known as a technique based on a principle different from rotary excavation. Laser excavation is an excavation technique for non-contact excavation of a rock mass by irradiating the rock surface of the bottom of the rock with a laser beam. One advantage of laser drilling is that rotary drilling eliminates the inevitable drill bit replacement. Therefore, laser drilling may be an epoch-making technique in deep drilling and deep water drilling. However, it has not yet been put to practical use.

  By the way, in oil drilling, natural gas drilling, metal mine drilling, hot spring drilling, and civil engineering-related drilling, drilling fluid is sent into the mine. Its main objectives are (1) removing the debris from the bottom of the well and transporting it to the surface, (2) forming a mud layer on the inner surface of the well, and pressurizing it with mud containing clay minerals, (3) Suppress oil, gas, water, etc. existing underground from jetting into the mine from the pit wall, and (4) Discharge so that heat generated during excavation does not accumulate at the bottom of the mine. Therefore, the drilling fluid is indispensable for smoothly performing the drilling operation. Drilling fluid is supplied from the ground or sea drilling rig through the drill string, discharged at the bottom of the drill hole, rises the annulus between the drill string and the wall, returns to the drilling rig, and after debris separation, component adjustment, and again to the drill string Pumped to form a circulatory system. The drilling fluid forms a liquid column connected from the drilling rig to the bottom of the drill string inside and outside the drill string, and the pressure of the liquid column is applied to the bottom of the drill string. The pressure applied to the bottom of the well increases as the well is deepened. For example, in a well having a vertical depth of 7000 m, the hydraulic pressure applied to the bottom of the well usually exceeds 700 atm. The underground temperature also increases due to the influence of geothermal heat. For example, at a vertical depth of 7000 m, the underground temperature is about 200 ° C. In this way, the bottom of the pit where excavation is performed is in a severe environment of pressurization by the excavation fluid and heating by geothermal heat.

The fluid used as the drilling fluid can be classified into muddy water, brine, emulsion, gas and the like. Muddy water is a slurry-like fluid having water or oil as a continuous phase, and is often prepared by adding bentonite of a clay mineral as a dispersed phase to fresh water or seawater. However, bentonite reflects the laser beam or absorbs its energy, hindering laser beam irradiation. Therefore, in laser excavation, it is important to transmit as much energy as possible to the rock mass while minimizing the energy loss taken by the muddy water during the laser beam transmission process. In contrast, brine is a clear salt solution that does not contain solids, and is characterized in that it can be adjusted to any specific gravity up to 2.2.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a lens assembly for high-power laser excavation that is installed directly above the bottom of a well. In the lens assembly disclosed in Patent Document 1, a condensing element including a condensing lens is provided at the end of an optical fiber so as to cover the excavation hole using at least 100 optical fibers according to the size of the excavation hole. Arranged. This lens assembly is used by being installed toward the rock surface at the bottom of the well. A cooling conduit is incorporated into the lens assembly for cooling the lens assembly and removing debris generated from the rock surface. That is, the cooling water flowing through the cooling conduit plays a role of removing the debris generated by laser irradiation after being injected into the well bottom after cooling the lens assembly. The lens assembly and cooling conduit are housed in a protective container.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a device for irradiating a rock surface on the bottom of a rock with a laser beam to generate thermal stress at the site and causing a steam explosion to separate the site, and removing the generated debris by a cleaning system; A method is disclosed. In the apparatus and method disclosed in Patent Document 2, a laser beam rock mass is generated by an electro-optic laser beam switch so that each of the single laser beams constituting the group is irradiated to a corresponding position on the rock mass surface. Excavation is performed by sequentially selecting the irradiation position, peeling the rock surface by beam irradiation, generating multiple overlapping pieces and removing them. The apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2, that is, a laser head, is (1) a beam forming optical package for condensing and adjusting the direction of a laser beam, and (2) a removal flow for removing strips and forming a laser beam passage. It consists of a package and (3) an electro-optic laser beam switcher, all of which are housed in a protective container.

  Patent Document 3 discloses an apparatus for drilling rocks by moving a laser beam in water. The apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 3 is an apparatus in which a laser oscillator, a laser transmission mechanism, a laser focusing diameter adjustment mechanism, a laser beam operation mechanism, and a monitoring mechanism are housed in a protective container. The apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 3 is characterized in that the energy required for rock drilling is supplied not by laser but by electric power. That is, it is supplied from a drilling rig on the ground or the sea to the laser oscillator in the protective container with a power cable, and oscillates the laser beam there. The laser beam is adjusted to focus on the bottom of the rock to be drilled and provides energy to the rock. Among the devices constituting the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 3, the laser beam operating mechanism has a function of moving the laser beam on the rock, but the structure is specifically described in Patent Document 3. There is no.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a system, apparatus, and method for adjusting the shape of a beam so that the energy supplied by the laser beam has a predetermined profile on the rock surface. In particular, a high-power laser is supplied to the rock surface. Various embodiments have been disclosed for laser bottom hole assemblies. The laser well bottom assembly in Patent Document 4 includes a lens assembly and a moving mechanism thereof. Usually, the laser beam has a Gaussian beam pattern. In the system disclosed in Patent Document 4, this beam pattern is converted into a desired pattern through a lens assembly. For example, the beam pattern is converted into a plurality of spots. On the other hand, the moving mechanism imparts rotation driven by a motor to the beam pattern. That is, in the system disclosed in Patent Document 4, the shape of a laser beam is adjusted by a lens assembly, the shape is rotated by a motor drive, and a laser beam pattern is drawn on the rock surface at the bottom of the well.

This laser bottom hole assembly, i.e. the laser head, is isolated in a protective vessel and cooled by passing a clean fluid through which the laser beam can pass. The cleaning fluid partially flows out from the side of the laser head and is used to transport the debris to the ground, while it flows out from the tip so as to wrap the laser beam and removes the debris from the rock surface at the bottom. The laser beam is emitted from the exit window provided in the protective container toward the rock surface. Diggs scatter from the rock surface to the exit window, but the collision and adhesion of the digs are prevented by jetting the clean fluid.

  The conventional laser drilling apparatus described above is summarized as follows. In a conventional laser drilling apparatus, a drilling rig installed on the ground or the sea and the bottom of the shaft are connected by an optical fiber, and a laser head is installed at the tip. The laser beam supplied from the drilling rig through the optical fiber is emitted from the laser head toward the rock surface. With respect to laser heads, all of the prior art uses lens assemblies, where the laser beam pattern and illumination direction are adjusted. The laser head disclosed in Patent Document 1 covers an excavation hole with 100 or more optical fibers, a lens assembly is individually installed at each end of the optical fiber, and the lens assembly is opposed to the entire rock surface at the bottom of the well. . The laser head disclosed in Patent Document 2 condenses one laser beam in a lens assembly, adjusts the irradiation direction, and sequentially selects the irradiation position by an electro-optic laser beam switch, and applies laser energy to the rock surface. The electro-optic laser beam switch faces the rock surface at the bottom. The laser head disclosed in Patent Document 3 adjusts the focusing distance in a lens assembly (laser focusing diameter adjusting mechanism) and distributes the laser energy to the rock surface at the bottom of the well by a laser beam operating mechanism. Patent Document 3 does not disclose an embodiment of the laser beam operation mechanism. On the other hand, Patent Document 4 refers to motor drive. The laser head disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-228561 draws a laser beam pattern on the rock surface at the bottom of a well by adjusting the shape of a laser beam in a lens assembly and then rotating the shape by driving a motor.

  Each of Patent Documents 1 to 4 includes a lens assembly in the laser head. The lens assembly functions in a clean atmosphere at room temperature, and does not function in a bottom-hole environment heated by geothermal heat in a high-pressure drilling fluid. For this reason, the laser head must be stored in a protective container and kept at room temperature by cooling with water. For this purpose, a fresh water circulation line connecting the ground or the sea and the inside of the mine is required. Since it is difficult to produce low-temperature fresh water on the ground or the sea and supply it to the bottom of the well while maintaining a low temperature, it is inevitable to install a cooler for producing cooling water in the well. In this case, after obtaining low-temperature fresh water with a cooler installed in the mine, exchanging heat with the protective vessel, raising it to the ground or the sea with a return pipe, performing heat radiation to the atmosphere and precooling, A cooling circulation system must be constructed to supply the cooler. In addition, such a cooling system requires a power supply for control, and a power cable must be drawn from the ground or the sea to the cooler in the mine. In addition, when the electro-optic laser beam switching device described in Patent Document 2 is used, this is also subject to water cooling. Also, the electro-optic laser beam switcher requires a control power source. As described above, in order to use an electrical or optical device such as a lens assembly or an electro-optic laser beam switching device at the bottom of the shaft, it is necessary to install a cooler in a limited underground space, including the cooler. The configuration of the laser head is complicated. It is difficult and undesirable to implement this in a harsh underground environment.

US Pat. No. 6,755,262 US Pat. No. 7,416,258 JP 2010-17864 A US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0044105

  In laser drilling equipment, it is desirable to provide an optical fiber from the ground or from the sea to just above the bottom of the borehole to efficiently supply laser energy to the entire rock surface of the bottom of the bottom. was there.

  The bottom of the pit where excavation is performed is in a severe environment of pressurization by drilling fluid and heating by geothermal heat. For example, in a well having a vertical depth exceeding 7000 m, the pressure of the drilling fluid applied to the bottom of the well usually exceeds 700 atm, and the temperature exceeds 200 ° C. due to the influence of geothermal heat. In order to use electrical or optical devices such as lens assemblies and electro-optic laser beam switchers in such a harsh underground environment, these devices are housed in protective containers and isolated in a clean atmosphere. However, it is essential to maintain the temperature at room temperature by water cooling or the like. For this purpose, a dedicated control power cable and a fresh water circulation line are required. Furthermore, since it is difficult to produce low-temperature fresh water on the ground or the sea and supply it to the bottom of the well while maintaining the low temperature, it is necessary to install a cooler for producing cooling water in the well. As described above, when an electrical device or an optical device is employed, the configuration of the apparatus becomes complicated, and it is difficult to implement this in a harsh underground environment.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above technical problems. According to some embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide a laser excavation apparatus that can draw a desired laser beam pattern on a rock surface in a severe downhole environment.

(1) The laser excavator according to the present invention is
With fiber optic cable,
A tube containing the optical fiber cable;
A first eccentric ring that penetrates the tube and rotatably supports the tube via a bearing;
A second eccentric ring including the first eccentric ring and rotatably supporting the first eccentric ring via a bearing;
A fixing ring that includes the second eccentric ring and rotatably supports the second eccentric ring via a bearing;
Including
The central axis of the tube is moved by the rotation of the first eccentric ring and the second eccentric ring, and the position of the beam radiation end of the optical fiber cable contained in the tube is moved.

  According to the present invention, the central axis of the tube is moved by the rotation of the first eccentric ring and the second eccentric ring, and the position of the beam radiating end of the optical fiber cable contained in the tube is moved. The first eccentric ring and the second eccentric ring can be rotated in a mechanical configuration. In general, the mechanical configuration has high reliability in a harsh underground environment as compared with electrical equipment and optical equipment. Therefore, it is possible to realize a laser excavation apparatus that can draw a desired laser beam pattern on the rock surface in a severe underground environment.

(2) In the laser excavator described above,
A first wave gear device that penetrates the tube;
A second wave gear device penetrating the tube;
Further including
Connecting the pipe to an input portion of the first wave gear device via a joint, and connecting the first eccentric ring to an output portion of the first wave gear device;
Connecting the pipe to an input portion of the second wave gear device via a joint, and connecting the second eccentric ring to an output portion of the second wave gear device;
Rotating the first eccentric ring by decelerating the rotation of the tube with the first wave gear device;
The second eccentric ring may be rotated by decelerating the rotation of the tube with the second wave gear device.

  According to the present invention, the rotation of the tube is decelerated by the first wave gear device to rotate the first eccentric ring, and the rotation of the tube is decelerated by the second wave gear device to rotate the second eccentric ring. The first eccentric ring and the second eccentric ring can be rotated by utilizing the rotation of. Therefore, it is possible to realize a highly reliable laser drilling apparatus even in a harsh underground environment compared to electrical equipment and optical equipment.

(3) In the above laser excavator,
A jacket that covers the optical fiber cable with a gap may be further included.

  According to the present invention, using a gap between the optical fiber cable and the jacket, a fluid (for example, fresh water) that is highly transparent to the laser beam can flow to the beam emission end of the optical fiber cable. Therefore, an energy efficient laser drilling device can be realized.

(4) In the laser excavator described above,
It may further include a nozzle provided in communication with the gap between the optical fiber cable and the jacket and surrounding the beam radiation end of the optical fiber cable.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fluid (for example, fresh water etc.) with high transparency with respect to a laser beam can be discharge | released from the nozzle provided so that the beam radiation end of the optical fiber cable might be enclosed. Therefore, an energy efficient laser drilling device can be realized.

(5) In the above laser drilling device,
The optical fiber cable includes a plurality of optical fibers,
It may further include a nozzle that communicates with the gap between the optical fiber cable and the jacket and that surrounds the beam emitting ends of the plurality of optical fibers.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fluid (for example, fresh water etc.) with high transparency with respect to a laser beam can be discharge | released from the several nozzle provided so that each beam radiation end of several optical fiber might be enclosed. Therefore, an energy efficient laser drilling device can be realized.

(6) In the above laser excavator,
The tube includes the optical fiber cable with a gap,
It may further include a nozzle provided so as to communicate with the gap between the optical fiber cable and the tube and to surround the beam emitting end of the optical fiber cable.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, drilling fluids, such as muddy water, can be discharge | released from the nozzle provided so that the space | gap between an optical fiber cable and a pipe | tube may be surrounded and the beam radiation end of an optical fiber cable may be enclosed. Therefore, it is possible to easily remove the melted material such as the rock mass melted by the laser beam.

(7) In the laser excavator described above,
The tube may include an outer tube and an inner tube provided to be sliding to each other.

According to the present invention, since the tube is configured to include an outer tube and an inner tube provided slidably with each other, it can be adjusted autonomously length. In particular, when discharging drilling fluid such as mud from a nozzle that communicates with the gap between the fiber optic cable and the tube and surrounds the beam radiating end of the fiber optic cable, the length of the tube is determined using the outflow resistance of the drilling fluid. You can change it autonomously. Therefore, it can suppress that a pipe | tube and the optical fiber cable included in the pipe | tube are damaged by colliding with a bedrock.

(8) In the above laser excavator,
It may further include a protective shell provided outside the movable range of the optical fiber cable and covering at least a part of the movable range of the optical fiber cable.

  According to the present invention, since the protective shell is provided outside the movable range of the optical fiber cable and covers at least a part of the movable range of the optical fiber cable, the optical fiber cable is damaged by colliding with the rock or the like. Can be suppressed.

(9) In the above laser excavator,
The beam emission end of the optical fiber cable may protrude outward from the end of the tube.

  According to the present invention, since the optical fiber cable can be brought close to the rock mass, the energy of the laser can be efficiently supplied to the rock mass.

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the outline of the function of the laser excavation apparatus 1 to 1st Embodiment. It is a horizontal sectional view which shows typically the principal part of the laser excavation apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a vertical sectional view showing typically the main composition of laser excavation equipment 1 concerning a 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the optical fiber cable 11 typically. It is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the optical fiber cable 11 typically. It is sectional drawing of the optical fiber cable 11 and its vicinity which shows the other structural example of the laser drilling apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment typically. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and its vicinity as viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11. It is a figure which shows typically the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 seen from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11, and the other structural example of the vicinity. FIG. 9A schematically shows another configuration example of the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, a cross-sectional view of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof, and FIG. 9B shows the vicinity of the beam emission end 37. It is sectional drawing in the AA line of FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof. FIG. It is a vertical sectional view showing typically the main composition of laser excavation equipment 2 concerning a 2nd embodiment. 13A is a horizontal sectional view of the optical fiber cable 11 of the laser excavator according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 13B is a beam emission end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 of the laser excavator according to the third embodiment. FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 13A) schematically showing a configuration example in the vicinity thereof. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a holding mechanism 150. FIG. It is a vertical sectional view showing typically the main composition of laser excavation equipment 3 concerning a 4th embodiment. FIGS. 16A to 16F are views showing an example of the laser beam pattern 205. FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. Also, not all of the configurations described below are essential constituent requirements of the present invention.

1. Laser Excavation Device According to First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an outline of functions of a laser excavation device 1 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the function of the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is such that the beam radiation surface 201, which is a surface on which the beam radiation end moves, is opposed to the rock surface 202, and on the beam radiation surface 201, The movement pattern 203 is formed by moving the beam emission end of the optical fiber and irradiating the rock surface 202 with the laser beam 204, thereby projecting the movement pattern 203 onto the rock surface 202 and drawing the laser beam pattern 205. Here, when the optical fiber cable accommodates a plurality of optical fibers, the laser beam 204 includes a plurality of laser beams.

  FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing a main part of the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing the main configuration of the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment.

  The laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment includes an optical fiber cable 11, a pipe 12 containing the optical fiber cable 11, a first eccentric ring that penetrates the pipe 12 and rotatably supports the pipe 12 via a bearing 14. 13, a first eccentric ring 13, a second eccentric ring 15 that rotatably supports the first eccentric ring 13 via a bearing 16, a second eccentric ring 15, and a bearing 18. And a fixed ring 17 that rotatably supports the eccentric ring 15, and the central axis of the tube 12 is moved by the rotation of the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15, and the optical fiber cable enclosed in the tube 12 11 beam radiation ends 37 are moved.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment accommodates the optical fiber cable 11 in the pipe 12 and applies a mechanism having a double eccentric ring to the pipe 12 and the pipe 12. The included optical fiber cable 11 is freely moved in the plane. As shown in FIG. 2, the outer shape of the cross section of the tube 12 is circular. The inner shape of the cross section of the tube 12 may be any shape as long as the optical fiber cable 11 can be included. The pipe 12 may function as a drilling fluid supply pipe for supplying a drilling fluid 38 such as mud water into the mine.

  The first eccentric ring 13 is a ring having an eccentric circular inner peripheral surface. The tube 12 passes through the inside of the circular inner peripheral surface of the first eccentric ring 13 via the bearing 14. The first eccentric ring 13 is configured to support the tube 12 via a bearing 14 and to allow the tube 12 to freely rotate with respect to the first eccentric ring 13.

  The second eccentric ring 15 is a ring having an eccentric circular inner peripheral surface. The first eccentric ring 13 is fitted inside the circular inner peripheral surface of the second eccentric ring 15 via a bearing 16. That is, the second eccentric ring 15 is configured to include the first eccentric ring 13. The second eccentric ring 15 supports the first eccentric ring 13 via the bearing 16 and is configured so that the first eccentric ring 13 can freely rotate with respect to the second eccentric ring 15.

The fixing ring 17 is a ring having a circular inner peripheral surface. The fixing ring 17 may be configured in a tubular shape. The second eccentric ring 15 is fitted inside the circular inner peripheral surface of the fixed ring 17 via a bearing 18. That is, the fixing ring 17 is configured to include the second eccentric ring 15. The fixing ring 17 supports the second eccentric ring 15 via a bearing 18 and is configured so that the second eccentric ring 15 can freely rotate with respect to the fixing ring 17.

  In addition, as the above-mentioned bearing 14, the bearing 16, and the bearing 18, various well-known bearings, such as a ball bearing and a roller bearing, are employable, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 2, when the first eccentric ring 13 is rotated alone, the central axis of the tube 12 is shifted from the center of the outer circumference of the first eccentric ring 13, that is, the first eccentric amount 22 is radiused. As shown in the locus 19, it moves in a circle. As shown in FIG. 2, when the second eccentric ring 15 is rotated, the center of the outer circumferential circle of the first eccentric ring 13 is shifted from the center of the outer circumferential circle of the second eccentric ring 15, that is, this second It moves in a circle as shown by the locus 20 with the eccentric amount 23 as a radius. When the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 are rotated at the same time, the planetary movement about the central axis of the tube 12 is performed in a range inside a circle 21 having a radius of the sum of the first eccentric amount 22 and the second eccentric amount 23. It becomes possible to make it. That is, the circular motion having the radius of the first eccentric amount 22 and the circular motion having the radius of the second eccentric amount 23 are superimposed, and the central axis of the tube 12 performs planetary motion. As the central axis of the tube 12 moves, the optical fiber cable 11 included in the tube 12 also moves.

  An example of the laser beam pattern 205 drawn by the planetary movement of the central axis of the tube 12 will be described later in the section “4. Examples”.

  According to the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the central axis of the tube 12 is moved by the rotation of the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15, and the beam radiation of the optical fiber cable 11 included in the tube 12. The position of the end 37 is moved. The first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 can be rotated in a mechanical configuration. In general, the mechanical configuration has high reliability in a harsh underground environment as compared with electrical equipment and optical equipment. Therefore, the laser excavation apparatus 1 that can draw a desired laser beam pattern 205 on the rock surface 202 under a severe underground environment can be realized.

  The laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment further includes a first wave gear device 31 that penetrates the tube 12 and a second wave gear device 32 that penetrates the tube 12, and the tube 12 is connected via a joint 33. Connected to the input portion of the first wave gear device 31, the first eccentric ring 13 is connected to the output portion of the first wave gear device 31, and the pipe 12 is connected to the input of the second wave gear device 32 via the joint 34. The second eccentric ring 15 is connected to the output portion of the second wave gear device, the rotation of the tube 12 is decelerated by the first wave gear device 31 to rotate the first eccentric ring 13, and the tube 12 May be decelerated by the second wave gear device 32 to rotate the second eccentric ring 15. That is, the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 may be rotated using the rotational force of the tube 12 as a drive source.

  In the laser excavation device 1 according to the first embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the drive source for the rotation of the tube 12. For example, a motor may be installed on the ground or the sea, and the tube 12 may be rotated by the rotational force of the motor. In addition, for example, a downhole motor that obtains the rotation of a motor shaft using the flow of drilling fluid 38 such as mud that is fed into the mine through the drill string from the ground or sea is installed in the mine, and the pipe is generated by the rotational force of the downhole motor 12 may be rotated. In the latter case, all or part of the drilling fluid 38 may be introduced into the tube 12 after driving the downhole motor.

  In order to use the rotational force of the pipe 12 for driving the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15, the rotational force of the pipe 12 is transmitted to the first eccentric ring 13 via the joint 33 and the speed reducer, and the joint 34. And transmitted to the second eccentric ring 15 via the reduction gear. The joint 33 and the joint 34 connect the pipe 12 and the speed reducer, and are not particularly limited. As the joint 33 and the joint 34, for example, an Oldham joint is applicable.

  In the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, a wave gear device (harmonic gear reducer) is adopted as a reducer. That is, the rotational force of the pipe 12 is transmitted to the first eccentric ring 13 through the joint 33 and the first wave gear device 31, and is transmitted to the second eccentric ring 15 through the joint 34 and the second wave gear device 32. . The wave gear unit is coaxial and takes out the inner ring as an input and the outer ring as an output without using a complicated mechanism or structure, and a high reduction ratio of about 1/30 to 1/320 is obtained. Therefore, it is suitable for harsh underground environments.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the rotating tube 12 passes through the first wave gear device 31, the first eccentric ring 13 and the second wave gear device 32, and the inside of the first wave gear device 31 through the joint 33. It is connected to a ring (corresponding to the input portion of the first wave gear device 31) and connected to an inner ring (corresponding to the input portion of the second wave gear device 32) of the second wave gear device 32 via a joint 34. The rotation is transmitted to the first wave gear device 31 and the second wave gear device 32. The rotation of the pipe 12 is decelerated at the respective reduction ratios in the first wave gear device 31 and the second wave gear device 32 and is output from the respective outer rings. The outer ring of the first wave gear device 31 (corresponding to the output portion of the first wave gear device 31) has the first eccentric ring 13 so that the central axis thereof coincides with the central axis of the outer circumference of the first eccentric ring 13. Connected. Similarly, the outer ring of the second wave gear device 32 (corresponding to the output portion of the second wave gear device 32) has a second eccentricity such that the central axis coincides with the central axis of the outer circumferential circle of the second eccentric ring 15. Connected to the ring 15. As a result, the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 can be rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the rotational force of the tube 12.

  According to the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, the rotation of the tube 12 is decelerated by the first wave gear device 31 to rotate the first eccentric ring 13, and the rotation of the tube 12 is performed by the second wave gear device 32. Since the second eccentric ring 15 is rotated by decelerating, the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 can be rotated using the rotation of the tube 12. Therefore, the laser drilling apparatus 1 with higher reliability can be realized even in a harsh underground environment compared to electrical equipment and optical equipment.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the planetary motion of the tube 12 due to the simultaneous rotation of the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 is included in the tube 12 on the upstream side of the tube 12 (the tube 12 contains more than the first eccentric ring 13. The universal joint 35 provided on the far side from the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 is used as a fulcrum. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, when the beam emitting end 37 performs a planetary motion on the beam emitting surface 201, the locus of the beam emitting end 37 forms a moving pattern 203 on this surface, and the laser beam 204 When reaching the rock surface 202, a laser beam pattern 205 obtained by enlarging the moving pattern 203 in a similar shape can be drawn on the rock surface 202.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the first wave gear device 31, the second wave gear device 32, and the fixing ring 17 are fixed to the fixed pipe 48 on the outer periphery, and contact with the drilling fluid 38 in the mine is cut off by the seal portion 49. ing. Note that the fixing ring 17 and the fixing tube 48 may be integrally formed.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the tube 12 is connected via a coupling member 42 on the upstream side (the side farther from the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 included in the tube 12 than the first eccentric ring 13). The rotary tube 43 is coupled. The rotary tube 43 is coupled to the output shaft of a downhole motor (not shown) on the upstream side (the side farther from the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 included in the tube 12 than the coupling member 42). . That is, in the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, the rotary tube 43 rotates by being coupled with the output shaft of the downhole motor, and further rotates the tube 12 via the universal joint 35.

  After being used for driving the downhole motor, the drilling fluid 38 is guided to the inside of the rotary tube 43, further guided to the tube 12, and sprayed from the tube end 36, which is the end of the tube 12, toward the rock surface 202. Then, the debris generated on the rock surface 202 is removed. Then, the scraps are transported through the gap between the housing 44 and the pit wall 50 of the laser excavator 1, that is, the annulus, and returned to the excavation rig.

  Although not shown, the rotary tube 43 may be elastically deformed in the housing 44 by a known deflection mechanism, for example, a rotary steerable system, to bend and deflect. By bending the rotary tube 43, the central axis 47 of the rotary tube 43 is displaced from the central axis 46 of the housing 44 at the focal bearing 45. In addition, the tube 12 performs planetary motion with the universal joint 35 as a fulcrum and the central axis 47 as an axis by the action of the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15. The planetary motion of the tube 12 is transmitted and expanded by a laser beam 204 that is directed towards the rock surface 202, allowing the laser beam 204 to draw a laser beam pattern 205 on the rock surface 202. In the case of the above example, the central axis 47 is the excavation direction.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the optical fiber cable 11 includes a single optical fiber, but the optical fiber cable 11 may include a plurality of optical fibers.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration example of the optical fiber cable 11. In the example shown in FIG. 4, in the optical fiber cable 11, ten optical fibers 60 are accommodated in a protective sheath 65, and a gap between the protective sheath 65 and the optical fiber 60 is filled with a jelly 66. In the case of the optical fiber cable 11 configured as shown in FIG. 4, each of the ten optical fibers 60 serves as a path for the laser beam 204. Since the optical fiber cable 11 includes a plurality of optical fibers 60, more energy can be given to the rock surface 202. The protective sheath 65 of the optical fiber cable 11 having such a configuration is required to withstand a high temperature and high pressure underground environment. From such a viewpoint, the protective sheath 65 is preferably a metal tube. Examples of the material of the protective sheath 65 include stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, and nickel-based alloy. The jelly 66 functions to prevent water from entering from the inner end of the protective sheath 65 in the longitudinal direction. As the jelly 66, for example, a thixotropic viscous fluid compound can be used. Advantages of the optical fiber cable 11 shown in FIG. 4 include that it can be manufactured at a lower cost than the configuration described later with reference to FIGS. 5 to 9, and a long cable of 10 km can be easily manufactured integrally.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration example of the optical fiber cable 11. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the optical fiber cable 11 is configured such that ten optical fibers 60 are accommodated in a groove provided on the outer periphery of the slot rod 61 and a presser wound layer 62 is wound so as to seal the groove. ing. A tension member 63 made of a stranded steel wire is embedded in the slot rod 61. The presser wound layer 62 is reinforced by an iron wire layer 64 on the outer periphery, and a protective sheath 65 is formed thereon. In the case of the optical fiber cable 11 having the configuration shown in FIG. 5, each of the ten optical fibers 60 serves as a path for the laser beam 204. Since the optical fiber cable 11 includes a plurality of optical fibers 60, more energy can be given to the rock surface 202.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof, schematically showing another configuration example of the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment. The laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment may further include a jacket 70 that has a gap 71 and covers the optical fiber cable 11.

  By using the gap 71 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the jacket 70, a transparent fluid (fluid (eg, fresh water) that is more transparent to the laser beam 204 than the drilling fluid 38 (eg, muddy water)) is supplied to the optical fiber. It can flow up to the beam radiation end 37 of the cable 11. By flowing the transparent fluid to the beam emission end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11, the transparency to the laser beam 204 between the beam emission end 37 and the rock surface 202 can be increased. Therefore, the laser drilling apparatus 1 with high energy efficiency can be realized.

  The laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is configured to further include a nozzle that is in communication with the gap 71 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the jacket 70 and is provided so as to surround the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11. May be.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the beam radiating end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof as viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11. In the example shown in FIG. 7, ten circular single-hole nozzles 80 arranged at equal intervals so as to surround the beam radiation end 37 are provided around the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11. Note that the number and shape of the single-hole nozzles 80 can be arbitrarily selected according to the specifications of the laser excavator 1.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating another configuration example of the beam radiating end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof as viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11. In the example shown in FIG. 8, a slit nozzle 90 divided into four parts is provided around the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 so as to surround the beam radiation end 37 at equal intervals. The number and shape of the slit nozzles 90 can be arbitrarily selected according to the specifications of the laser excavator 1. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the slit nozzle 90 is provided so as to surround a part of the direction of the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 when viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11. The slit nozzle 90 may be provided so as to surround all directions of the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11.

  According to the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, a transparent fluid (excavation fluid 38 (muddy water) is obtained from a nozzle (single hole nozzle 80 or slit nozzle 90) provided so as to surround the beam emission end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11. Etc.) can be emitted to the laser beam 204 (eg, fresh water). Thereby, the transparency with respect to the laser beam 204 between the beam emission end 37 and the rock surface 202 can be enhanced. Therefore, the laser drilling apparatus 1 with high energy efficiency can be realized. Furthermore, by adopting a nozzle having a constricted shape near the exit as the nozzle, the excavation debris generated by the irradiation of the laser beam 204 can be quickly removed from the rock surface 202 using a transparent fluid ejected from the nozzle. The occurrence of turbidity between the beam radiation end 37 and the rock surface 202 can be suppressed.

In the laser excavation device 1 according to the first embodiment, the optical fiber cable 11 includes a plurality of optical fibers 60, communicates with the gap 71 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the jacket 70, and the beam emission ends of the plurality of optical fibers 60 are respectively connected. Nozzle 1 provided to surround
00 may be included.

  FIG. 9A schematically shows another configuration example of the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, a cross-sectional view of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof, and FIG. 9B shows the vicinity of the beam emission end 37. It is sectional drawing in the AA line of FIG.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the jacket 100 is provided with a nozzle 100 at the end so that the center line coincides with the end of the optical fiber 60 (beam emission end). In the example shown in FIG. 9B, the nozzle 100 is a circular single-hole nozzle. As a result, the transparent fluid is guided from the gap 71 to the nozzle 100 to form a transparent fluid jet stream 101. Since the transparent fluid jet stream 101 coincides with the end of the optical fiber 60 and the center line, the laser beam 204 emitted from the optical fiber 60 reaches the rock surface 202 through the transparent fluid jet stream 101 as a passage. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the nozzle 100 is provided so as to surround all directions of the beam radiation end of the optical fiber 60 when viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber 60, but it does not necessarily surround all directions. It is not necessary to be provided as such. For example, as viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber 60, there may be a portion where the nozzle 100 is not provided in a part around the beam emission end of the optical fiber 60.

  According to the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the laser is more transparent than the transparent fluid (excavation fluid 38 (such as mud water)) from the plurality of nozzles 100 provided so as to surround the beam emission ends of the plurality of optical fibers 60. A fluid that is highly transparent to the beam 204 (eg, fresh water) can be emitted. Thereby, the transparency with respect to the laser beam 204 between the beam emission end 37 and the rock surface 202 can be enhanced. Furthermore, by aligning the central axes of the optical fiber 60 and the nozzle 100, the fluid discharged from the nozzle 100 can suppress the entry of foreign matter onto the path of the laser beam 204. Therefore, the laser drilling apparatus 1 with high energy efficiency can be realized.

  The environment surrounding the transparent fluid jet 101 formed by the single hole nozzle 80, the slit nozzle 90 or the nozzle 100 is the drilling fluid 38. That is, the transparent fluid jet stream 101 is formed in the flowing drilling fluid 38. Muddy water, which is a typical drilling fluid, is a slurry-like fluid having water or oil as a continuous phase, and functions as a passage for the laser beam 204. However, energy loss with respect to the laser beam 204 is large. From the viewpoint of efficiency, it is not preferable. The transparent fluid provides a path for the laser beam 204 over muddy water from an energy efficiency perspective. Although fresh water is suitable as a transparent fluid, when the clear fluid jet stream 101 is formed in the drilling fluid 38 by the fresh water, a part of the laser beam 204 passing through the fresh water leaks into the drilling fluid 38 and contributes to energy loss. Problem occurs. In order to prevent leakage of the laser beam 204 into the drilling fluid 38, total reflection of the laser beam 204 needs to occur at the interface between the transparent fluid jet 101 and the drilling fluid 38. In order to realize this, the transparent fluid and the drilling fluid may be selected so that the specific gravity of the transparent fluid is larger than that of the drilling fluid. As a result, the refractive index of the transparent fluid exceeds the refractive index of the drilling fluid, allowing total reflection. An example of a suitable drilling fluid is brine. Brine is a salt solution and preferably has a specific gravity of 1.4 to 2.2 from the viewpoint of realizing total reflection. Further, as the transparent fluid, for example, a fluid that becomes a gas at room temperature and normal pressure, such as nitrogen, argon, or helium, may be selected.

  In the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the tube 12 has a gap 121 and encloses the optical fiber cable 11, communicates with the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the tube 12, and beam radiation of the optical fiber cable 11. A nozzle 110 provided so as to surround the end 37 may be further included.

  FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof. In the example shown in FIG. 10, using a swivel joint (not shown), the central axis of the non-rotating optical fiber cable 11 is aligned with the central axis of the rotating tube 12 at the tube end 36 of the tube 12. Yes. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the nozzle 110 is a slit nozzle that communicates with the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the tube 12 and is configured by the inner surface of the tube end 36 and the outer surface of the optical fiber cable 11. is there. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the nozzle 110 is provided so as to surround all directions of the beam emitting end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 when viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11. It is not necessary to be provided to surround. For example, as viewed from the direction along the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11, there may be a portion where the nozzle 110 is not provided in a part around the beam emission end 37. The drilling fluid 38 flowing through the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the pipe 12 is jetted from the nozzle 110 toward the rock surface 202 and becomes a drilling fluid jet stream 39. The laser beam 204 emitted from the beam emitting end 37 reaches the rock surface 202 and melts the rock. The generated melt and exfoliation pieces are removed by excavation fluid jet stream 39 ejected from nozzle 110 to become debris, conveyed by excavation fluid 38, and rock excavation proceeds.

  According to the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, the muddy water is communicated from the nozzle 110 provided to communicate with the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the pipe 12 and surround the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11. Or other drilling fluid 38 can be discharged. Therefore, it is possible to easily remove the melted material such as the bedrock melted by the laser beam 204.

  As the excavation progresses, the position of the rock surface 202 changes. In order to continue excavation of the rock mass stably, it is necessary to keep the gap 112 between the rock mass surface 202 and the pipe end 36 in an appropriate range following the change in the position of the rock mass surface 202. An example of a method for realizing this will be described.

  The drilling fluid 38 flows to the outer periphery of the pipe end 36 after colliding with the rock surface 202 as a drilling fluid jet 39. The thickness of the liquid layer of the drilling fluid 38 flowing out is the smallest immediately below the pipe end 36. The liquid layer thickness 113, which is the thickness of the drilling fluid 38 immediately below the pipe end 36, is not affected when the gap 112 between the pipe end 36 and the rock surface 202 is wide, but the gap 112 is not spaced apart. When it becomes narrower, the rock surface 202 is affected. That is, the liquid layer thickness 113 is regulated by the gap 112, the outflow speed of the drilling fluid 38 at this portion increases, and the pressure loss increases. This increase in pressure loss appears as an increase in the back pressure of the tube 12 on the ground or at sea. Therefore, in the drilling rig on the ground or on the sea, the pipe end is obtained by using the own weight of the laser drilling apparatus 1 so that the back pressure of the pipe 12 falls within a predetermined range while supplying the drilling fluid 38 to the pipe 12 in a fixed amount. If an appropriate load is applied to 36, the gap 112 can be maintained in an appropriate range. As a result, since the gap 112 is stabilized, excavation can be continued under stable excavation conditions.

  In the example shown in FIG. 10, the laser beam 204 is emitted from the optical fiber 60 into the drilling fluid 38. Usually, mud is used as the drilling fluid 38, but the use of mud involves a transmission loss of energy of the laser beam 204. In order to reduce energy transmission loss, a fluid that absorbs less laser light than mud water may be used as the drilling fluid 38. One of the functions of the drilling fluid 38 is the transport of swarf, and after separating the swarf on the ground or on the sea, it is sent again to the bottom of the mine, but it becomes turbid even when a fluid that absorbs less laser light than mud is applied It is unavoidable that this occurs, and a certain amount of energy transmission loss is unavoidable.

In order to further suppress the energy transmission loss of the laser beam 204, as already described with reference to FIG. 9, the nozzle 100 is set so that the end of the optical fiber 60 and the center line coincide with each other.
The transparent fluid jet stream 101 can be formed in the drilling fluid 38 and used as a path for the laser beam 204. Since the transparent fluid jets 101 need only be provided by the number of the optical fibers 60, the flow rate of the transparent fluid is much smaller than the flow rate of the drilling fluid 38. Therefore, even if the transparent fluid is added, there is no obstacle to the establishment of the recycling system for the drilling fluid 38. This method makes it possible to suppress the energy transmission loss of the laser beam 204 to the limit.

  FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 and the vicinity thereof. In the example shown in FIG. 11, using a swivel joint (not shown), the central axis of the non-rotating optical fiber cable 11 is aligned with the central axis of the rotating tube 12 at the tube end 36 of the tube 12. Yes. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the nozzle 110 is a slit nozzle that communicates with the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the tube 12 and is configured by the inner surface of the tube end 36 and the outer surface of the optical fiber cable 11. is there. The drilling fluid 38 flowing through the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the pipe 12 is jetted from the nozzle 110 toward the rock surface 202 and becomes a drilling fluid jet stream 39.

  At the end of the jacket 70, the nozzle 100 is provided so that the end line (beam emission end) of the optical fiber 60 and the center line coincide. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the nozzle 100 is a circular single hole nozzle. As a result, the transparent fluid is guided from the gap 71 to the nozzle 100 to form a transparent fluid jet stream 101. Since the transparent fluid jet stream 101 coincides with the center line of the end portion of the optical fiber 60, the laser beam 204 emitted from the optical fiber 60 reaches the rock surface 202 by using the transparent fluid jet stream 101 as a passage to melt the rock. The generated melt and exfoliation pieces are removed by excavation fluid jet stream 39 ejected from nozzle 110 to become debris, conveyed by excavation fluid 38, and rock excavation proceeds. After the transparent fluid collides with the rock surface 202, a transparent fluid layer 120 is formed to transport the debris and eventually integrate with the drilling fluid 38.

  Further, on the ground or the sea, the drilling fluid 38 is supplied to the pipe 12 in a fixed amount, and the suspension load of the laser drilling apparatus 1 is adjusted so that the back pressure of the pipe 12 falls within a predetermined range. If an appropriate load is applied, the gap 112 can be kept in an appropriate range. As a result, the energy density of the laser beam 204 supplied to the rock surface 202 by the laser beam 204 emitted from the beam emission end 37 is stabilized, resulting in stable destruction of the rock mass. Therefore, excavation can be continued under stable excavation conditions.

2. Laser Excavation Device According to Second Embodiment FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing the main configuration of the laser excavation device 2 according to the second embodiment. In the laser excavator 1 according to the first embodiment, in order to keep the gap 112 between the pipe end 36 and the rock surface 202 properly, the back pressure of the pipe 12 detected on the ground or at sea is within a predetermined range. Although the method is adopted, the laser excavator 2 according to the second embodiment has a configuration that can autonomously adjust the interval of the gap 112 in the mine. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure similar to the laser excavation apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

Laser drilling device 2 according to the second embodiment is configured to include an outer tube 132 and inner tube 133 which tube 12 is provided to be sliding to each other. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the tube 12 is configured to include an outer tube 132 and an inner tube 133 having a slidable overlapping portion 134. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the outer tube 132 is arranged on the upstream side, and the inner tube 133 is arranged on the downstream side. On the contrary, the inner tube is arranged on the upstream side and the outer tube is arranged on the downstream side. Good. In the example shown in FIG. 12, a seal portion 135 that seals between the outer tube 132 and the inner tube 133 at a position corresponding to the end portion of the outer tube 132 and a position corresponding to the end portion of the inner tube 133, and A seal portion 136 is provided. By providing the seal part 135 and the seal part 136, leakage of the drilling fluid 38 flowing through the inside of the pipe 12 is prevented.

  The drilling fluid 38 flowing through the pipe 12 slides the inner pipe 133 in the extending direction of the pipe 12 by the internal pressure of the pipe 12. When the gap 112 shown in FIG. 11 is narrowed, the outflow resistance of the drilling fluid 38 in the gap 112 increases, and a force that pushes up the pipe end 36 acts. Due to the force pushing up the tube end 36, the inner tube 133 slides in the contraction direction of the tube 12, and the gap 112 is restored. In this way, the length of the tube 12 can be adjusted autonomously within a range in which the outer tube 132 and the inner tube 133 can slide. Further, while supplying a constant amount of the drilling fluid 38 to the pipe 12 on the ground or the sea, the pipe 12 is used by using the self-weight of the laser drilling apparatus 2 until the back pressure of the pipe 12 shows a rapid rise every predetermined time. By lowering, the gap 112 can be kept in an appropriate range. As a result, the energy density of the laser beam 204 supplied to the rock surface 202 by the laser beam 204 emitted from the beam emission end 37 is stabilized, resulting in stable destruction of the rock mass. Therefore, excavation can be continued under stable excavation conditions.

According to the laser drilling apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment, since it is configured to include an outer tube 132 and inner tube 133 which tube 12 is provided slidably with each other, autonomously changing the length Can do. In particular, when the drilling fluid 38 such as muddy water is discharged from the nozzle 110 that communicates with the gap 121 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the pipe 12 and surrounds the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11, The length of the tube 12 can be adjusted autonomously using the outflow resistance. Therefore, it can suppress that the optical fiber cable 11 included in the pipe | tube 12 or the pipe | tube 12 breaks by colliding with a rock mass.

  In the laser excavator 2 according to the second embodiment, when the configuration having the optical fiber cable 11 and the jacket 70 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 9 is adopted, such a form is formed on the ground or at sea to enter the underground. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12, the transparent fluid supply pipe 130 may be arranged in the pit and connected to the gap 71 between the optical fiber cable 11 and the jacket 70 at the connection portion 131. . The same applies to the first embodiment.

3. 13A is a horizontal sectional view of the optical fiber cable 11 of the laser excavator according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 13B is a laser excavator according to the third embodiment. It is the vertical sectional view (cross sectional view in the AA line of Drawing 13A) showing the example of composition of the beam radiation end 37 of optical fiber cable 11 and its neighborhood. In the following description, the difference from the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described. The same components as those of the laser excavation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description will be given. Is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 13A, in the laser excavator according to the third embodiment, the configuration of the optical fiber cable 11 is the same as the example described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 13B, in the laser excavator according to the third embodiment, the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 protrudes outward from the end portion (tube end 36) of the tube 12. . That is, in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the beam radiating end 37 is disposed inside the tube end 36, but in the third embodiment, the beam radiating end 37 is close to or in contact with the rock surface 202. In this manner, the tube end 36 is disposed so as to protrude outside.

In the example shown in FIG. 13B, the beam radiating end 37 serving as an end portion on the inner side of the optical fiber cable 11 is disposed so as to protrude from the tube end 36, and the optical fiber cable 11 and the tube end 36 are annular. Nozzle is formed. Thereby, the drilling fluid 38 supplied through the pipe 12 becomes a drilling fluid jet stream 39 at the pipe end 36. In addition, the optical fiber cable 11 can be moved toward the bottom of the shaft using the frictional force between the drilling fluid jet 39 and the optical fiber cable 11 as a driving force. Since the beam radiating end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 is close to or in contact with the rock surface 202, the laser energy is efficiently transmitted from the beam radiating end 37 to the opposite portion of the rock surface 202. From the viewpoint of transmitting more laser energy to the rock surface 202, the distance from the beam emission end 37 to the rock surface 202 is preferably 50 mm or less, and more preferably 30 mm or less. From the viewpoint of avoiding wear of the pipe 12, the distance from the pipe end 36 to the rock surface 202 is preferably 50 mm or more.

  A part of the laser beam is reflected on the rock surface 202 and heats the end of the optical fiber cable 11 on the inner side (near the beam emission end 37). As a result, the jelly 66 evaporates and cools the optical fiber 60 and the protective sheath 65 by heat of vaporization, but the wear of the optical fiber 60 and the protective sheath 65 gradually proceeds. The wear of the optical fiber 60, the protective sheath 65, and the jelly 66 is compensated by the supply of the optical fiber cable 11. In order to control such wear and tear, a holding mechanism 150 that can select a state in which the optical fiber cable 11 moves and a state in which the optical fiber cable 11 does not move may be installed inside the tube 12.

  FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the holding mechanism 150. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the holding mechanism 150 includes a spring mechanism 151, a fluid receiving portion 152, and a pressing portion 153. The spring mechanism 151 is provided on the inner wall surface of the tube 12. The spring mechanism 151 can move the arm having the fluid receiving portion 152 and the pressing portion 153 in the horizontal direction. The fluid receiving part 152 is provided so as to have an inclined surface with respect to the flow direction of the drilling fluid 38. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the arm receives a force in a direction approaching the optical fiber cable 11 when the fluid receiving portion 152 receives the drilling fluid 38. The pressing portion 153 can stop the movement of the optical fiber cable 11 by contacting the optical fiber cable 11. In such a holding mechanism 150, by controlling the flow rate of the drilling fluid 38, a state in which the optical fiber cable 11 moves and a state in which the optical fiber cable 11 does not move can be selected. By providing such a holding mechanism 150, it is possible to adjust the distance from the beam radiation end 37 to the rock surface 202 and control the wear rate.

  In the laser excavation apparatus according to the third embodiment, the beam radiating end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 protrudes from the end portion (tube end 36) of the tube 12, so that the beam radiating end 37 is close to or in contact with the rock surface 202. Can be made. As a result, the transmission loss of laser energy becomes extremely small, so that the laser beam 204 can supply laser energy having a high power density to the rock surface 202.

When laser energy having a power density of preferably 10 ⁵ W / cm ² or more, more preferably 10 ⁶ W / cm ² or more is supplied to the rock surface 202 from the beam emission end 37, the laser energy is hardly lost to the rock. As a result, at least a part of the rock component is evaporated and ejected to form a groove. As will be described later in the section “5. Example”, when a laser beam pattern is drawn by moving a laser beam on the rock surface 202 at the bottom of the well, a groove-shaped pattern is formed along the laser beam pattern. Is done. That is, the rock surface 202 is chopped and divided into a number of islands. The surface layer of the formed islands peels off and becomes a large number of fragments due to the difference in thermal expansion from the lower layer and the thermal expansion of water that has entered the cracks. In this way, when high energy density laser energy is supplied to the rock surface 202, the debris occupying most of the rock is removed in the solid phase without reaching the melting point, so the rock is melted by applying a low power density. There is an advantage that the energy efficiency is overwhelmingly higher than the removal method. The laser excavation apparatus according to the third embodiment is also suitable for an application for supplying laser energy having such a high energy density to the rock surface 202.

4). Laser Excavation Device According to Fourth Embodiment FIG. 15 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a main configuration of a laser excavation device 3 according to the fourth embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure similar to the laser excavation apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The laser excavation device 3 according to the fourth embodiment is configured to further include a protective shell 140 that is provided outside the movable range of the optical fiber cable 11 and covers at least a part of the movable range of the optical fiber cable 11.

  In the example shown in FIG. 15, the protective shell 140 is fixed to the fixed tube 48 and the seal portion 49. The protective shell 140 is provided outside the movable range of the optical fiber cable 11. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 15, at least the tip portion 141 of the protective shell 140 is configured to come into contact with the rock mass. In the example shown in FIG. 15, the protective shell 140 covers at least a part of the movable range of the optical fiber cable 11. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 15, the protective shell 140 is configured in a substantially funnel shape extending downward.

  The protective shell 140 can be lowered in the mine by lowering the fixed pipe 48 into the mine. When the protective shell 140 is lowered in the pit, the tip 141 of the protective shell 140 comes into contact with the rock at the outer periphery of the rock surface 202 where excavation is in progress. The gap 112 between the beam radiation end 37 and the rock surface 202 is kept constant by keeping the load applied to the protective shell 140 constant by adjusting the suspension load of the laser excavator 3. As a result, the energy density of the laser beam 204 supplied to the rock surface 202 by the laser beam 204 emitted from the beam emission end 37 is stabilized, resulting in stable destruction of the rock mass. In order to realize such a situation, the load applied to the protective shell 140 can be, for example, 1 to 10 tons.

  In the example shown in FIG. 15, the front end portion 141 of the protective shell 140 is configured to have a plurality of outlets 142 discretely over the entire periphery of the front end of the protective shell 140. The drilling fluid 38 flowing down from the pipe end 36 toward the rock surface 202 cleans the inner surface of the protective shell 140 to prevent debris from adhering to the rock surface 202, and is a transparent fluid discharged from the nozzle 100. And move to the outside of the protective shell 140 through the outflow port 142 with the digging waste and ascend the mine. The tip 141 comes into contact with the rock and cuts the embrittled rock into fragments. In order to avoid the accompanying wear, the tip 141 is made of a wear resistant material. The wear resistant material can be selected from, for example, WC-Co based cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic and tool steel. The tip portion 141 made of the wear resistant material may be a bulk material or a covering material. As the covering material, for example, a steel surface sprayed with Co-based alloy powder, cermet powder or ceramic powder can be used.

  According to the laser excavation device 3 according to the fourth embodiment, the protection unit 140 is provided outside the movable range of the optical fiber cable 11 and covers at least a part of the movable range of the optical fiber cable 11. It can suppress that the optical fiber cable 11 breaks by colliding with a bedrock.

In the example shown in FIG. 15, the pipe end 36 of the pipe 12 is provided in the vicinity of the seal portion 49, and the pipe end 36 is provided with a nozzle having a narrowed flow path for generating a drilling fluid jet flow. Absent. In this case, the central axis of the optical fiber cable 11 protruding from the pipe 12 is adjusted at the pipe end 36 so as to coincide with the central axis of the pipe 12 using a swivel joint (not shown). Further, the portion of the optical fiber cable 11 protruding from the tube 12 is reinforced to prevent bending deformation.

5. Example If the laser excavator described above is used, the central axis of the tube 12 can be planetarily moved by rotating the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 at a predetermined rotational speed. Along with this, the beam radiation end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11 can be moved in a planetary motion. By this action, the locus of the beam emission end 37 draws a movement pattern 203 on the beam emission surface 201, and this movement pattern 203 can be enlarged and transferred as a laser beam pattern 205 to the rock surface 202 via the laser beam 204. It becomes. Examples of such a laser beam pattern 205 are shown below.

5-1. First Example Table 1 shows the conditions of the first example.

  The cycle time is a time for the first eccentric ring 13 or the second eccentric ring 15 to make one rotation. The eccentric amount is the first eccentric amount 22 in the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric amount 23 in the second eccentric ring 15.

  FIG. 16A shows a laser beam pattern 205 when the laser beam 204 is irradiated for 120 seconds under the conditions shown in Table 1. The laser beam pattern 205 shown in FIG. 16A is similar to the locus drawn by the center line of the optical fiber cable 11 at the beam emission end 37 of the optical fiber cable 11. When the optical fiber cable 11 is configured to include a plurality of optical fibers 60, a number of loci corresponding to the number of optical fibers 60 are drawn in the vicinity of the laser beam pattern 205.

  In the first embodiment, since the first eccentric amount 22 and the second eccentric amount 23 have the same size, the laser beam pattern 205 is a pattern that intersects at the center. Further, the laser beam pattern 205 is a pattern that is repeated with one cycle of 60 seconds when the first eccentric ring 13 rotates 10 times.

5-2. Second Example Table 2 shows the conditions of the second example.

  FIG. 16B shows a laser beam pattern 205 when the laser beam 204 is irradiated for 120 seconds under the conditions shown in Table 2. In the second embodiment, since the first eccentric amount 22 is larger than the second eccentric amount 23, a blank portion is generated at the center of the laser beam pattern 205.

5-3. Third Example Table 3 shows the conditions of the third example.

  FIG. 16C shows a laser beam pattern 205 when the laser beam 204 is irradiated for 120 seconds under the conditions shown in Table 3. In the third embodiment, since the first eccentricity 22 is larger than the second eccentricity 23 than in the second embodiment, the blank portion at the center of the laser beam pattern 205 is larger than in the second embodiment. Yes.

5-4. Fourth Example Table 4 shows the conditions of the fourth example.

  FIG. 16D shows a laser beam pattern 205 when the laser beam 204 is irradiated for 120 seconds under the conditions shown in Table 4. In the fourth embodiment, since the first eccentric amount 22 and the second eccentric amount 23 are the same, the laser beam pattern 205 is a pattern that intersects at the center. Further, since the laser beam pattern 205 does not repeat the same trajectory for 120 seconds, the laser beam 204 can be finely irradiated to the rock surface 202.

5-5. Fifth Example Table 5 shows the conditions of the fifth example.

  FIG. 16E shows a laser beam pattern 205 when the laser beam 204 is irradiated for 120 seconds under the conditions shown in Table 5. In the fifth embodiment, since the first eccentric amount 22 and the second eccentric amount 23 have the same size, the laser beam pattern 205 is a pattern that intersects at the center. Further, since the laser beam pattern 205 is a pattern that repeats with one cycle of 60 seconds in which the first eccentric ring 13 rotates six times, the laser beam pattern 205 is formed on the rock surface 202 as compared with the laser beam pattern 205 of the first embodiment. It can irradiate roughly.

5-6. Sixth Example Table 6 shows conditions for the sixth example.

  FIG. 16F shows a laser beam pattern 205 when the laser beam 204 is irradiated for 120 seconds under the conditions shown in Table 6. In the sixth embodiment, since the first eccentricity 22 is smaller than the second eccentricity 23, a blank portion is generated at the center of the laser beam pattern 205. Compared with the second and third embodiments, the laser beam pattern 205 of the sixth embodiment is a pattern that can irradiate the peripheral portion roughly. Further, the laser beam pattern 205 is a pattern that is repeated with one cycle of 60 seconds when the first eccentric ring 13 rotates 10 times.

  Examples 1 to 6 described above show that various laser beam patterns 205 can be formed by the laser excavation apparatus described above. In the above-described first to sixth embodiments, it is assumed that the first eccentric ring 13 and the second eccentric ring 15 are continuously rotated, but can be intermittently rotated. In this case, various laser beam patterns 205 can be formed.

  In addition, embodiment mentioned above and a modification are examples, Comprising: It is not necessarily limited to these. For example, a plurality of embodiments and modifications can be combined as appropriate.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made. For example, the present invention includes substantially the same configuration (for example, a configuration having the same function, method and result, or a configuration having the same purpose and effect) as the configuration described in the embodiment. In addition, the invention includes a configuration in which a non-essential part of the configuration described in the embodiment is replaced. In addition, the present invention includes a configuration that exhibits the same operational effects as the configuration described in the embodiment or a configuration that can achieve the same object. In addition, the invention includes a configuration in which a known technique is added to the configuration described in the embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Laser drilling device, 2 ... Laser drilling device, 3 ... Laser drilling device, 11 ... Optical fiber cable, 12 ... Pipe, 13 ... 1st eccentric ring, 14 ... Bearing, 15 ... 2nd eccentric ring, 16 ... Bearing, 17 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Fixing ring, 18 ... Bearing, 19 ... Trajectory, 20 ... Trajectory, 21 ... Circle, 22 ... First eccentric amount, 23 ... Second eccentric amount, 31 ... First wave gear device, 32 ... Second wave gear device, 33 ... Joint, 34 ... Joint, 35 ... Universal joint, 36 ... Pipe end, 37 ... Beam radiation end, 38 ... Drilling fluid, 39 ... Drilling fluid jet, 42 ... Coupling member, 43 ... Rotating pipe, 44 ... Housing, 45 ... Focal bearing, 46 ... Center axis, 47 ... Center axis, 48 ... Fixed tube, 49 ... Seal member, 50 ... Anti-wall, 60 ... Optical fiber, 61 ... Slot rod, 62 ... Presser wound layer, 63 ... Tension member, 64 ... Line layer, 65 ... protective sheath, 66 ... jelly, 70 ... jacket, 71 ... air gap, 80 ... single hole nozzle, 90 ... slit nozzle, 100 ... nozzle, 101 ... transparent fluid jet flow, 110 ... nozzle, 112 ... gap, 113 ... Liquid layer thickness, 120 ... Transparent fluid layer, 121 ... Gap, 130 ... Transparent fluid supply pipe, 131 ... Connection part, 132 ... Outer pipe, 133 ... Inner pipe, 134 ... Overlapping part, 135 ... Sealing part, 136 ... Sealing part, 140 ... protective shell, 141 ... tip part, 142 ... outlet, 150 ... holding mechanism, 151 ... spring mechanism, 152 ... fluid receiving part, 153 ... pressing part, 201 ... beam radiation surface, 202 ... rock surface, 203 ... Movement pattern, 204 ... Laser beam, 205 ... Laser beam pattern

Claims (9)

With fiber optic cable,
A tube containing the optical fiber cable;
A first eccentric ring that penetrates the tube and rotatably supports the tube via a bearing;
A second eccentric ring including the first eccentric ring and rotatably supporting the first eccentric ring via a bearing;
A fixing ring that includes the second eccentric ring and rotatably supports the second eccentric ring via a bearing;
Including
The central axis of the tube is moved by the rotation of the first eccentric ring and the second eccentric ring, and the position of the beam radiation end of the optical fiber cable contained in the tube is arranged to face the rock surface. Move, laser drilling rig. The laser drilling device according to claim 1,
A first wave gear device that penetrates the tube;
A second wave gear device penetrating the tube;
Further including
Connecting the pipe to an input portion of the first wave gear device via a joint, and connecting the first eccentric ring to an output portion of the first wave gear device;
Connecting the pipe to an input portion of the second wave gear device via a joint, and connecting the second eccentric ring to an output portion of the second wave gear device;
Rotating the first eccentric ring by decelerating the rotation of the tube with the first wave gear device;
A laser excavator that decelerates the rotation of the tube by the second wave gear device and rotates the second eccentric ring. In the laser drilling device according to claim 1 or 2,
Further seen including a jacket that covers the optical fiber cable has a gap,
The laser drilling apparatus , wherein the tube has a gap and encloses the optical fiber cable . The laser drilling device according to claim 3,
A laser excavator, further comprising a nozzle that communicates with the gap between the optical fiber cable and the jacket and that surrounds the beam emitting end of the optical fiber cable. The laser drilling device according to claim 3,
The optical fiber cable includes a plurality of optical fibers,
The laser excavation apparatus further includes a nozzle that is in communication with the gap between the optical fiber cable and the jacket and is provided so as to surround a beam emission end of each of the plurality of optical fibers. In the laser drilling device according to any one of claims 3 to 5 ,
A laser excavator, further comprising a nozzle that communicates with the gap between the optical fiber cable and the tube and is provided to surround the beam emitting end of the optical fiber cable. The laser excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
It said tube comprises an outer tube and an inner tube provided to be sliding in the direction of elongation and contraction direction of the tube to one another, a laser drilling device. In the laser drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
A laser excavator further including a protective shell provided outside the movable range of the optical fiber cable so that at least a tip thereof is in contact with the rock, and covering at least a part of the movable range of the optical fiber cable. The laser excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The laser digging apparatus, wherein the beam radiating end of the optical fiber cable projects outward from the end of the tube.