JP5250071B2 - Visual function inspection device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a visual function testing device that performs a plurality of visual function tests with a single unit.

  Conventionally, a visual function inspection device for inspecting various visual functions is known. There are many test items for visual function tests in ophthalmology. The inspection items include visual acuity, visual field inspection, binocular visual inspection, open eye position inspection, and the like. These visual function inspection devices for various visual function tests are composed of specifications that are specific to the examination content of each item such as visual acuity and visual field, so it is possible to perform visual acuity, visual field, and binocular vision with a single unit. There is nothing that can be inspected.

  As a visual function inspection device, as described in the following Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, an apparatus capable of performing visual function inspection of two items is known.

  The visual function inspection device described in Patent Literature 1 has a function of presenting a visual target to each of the left and right eyes by a binocular separation method using an optical system, a polarizing filter, and a red-green filter, and is used for visual acuity inspection. The visual target and the visual target for binocular inspection are used in the same inspection device. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus of patent document 1 can perform two visual function tests, visual acuity and binocular vision, with one unit.

  The visual function inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 2 is configured by disposing a liquid crystal display for visual acuity inspection at the center and a light source for visual field inspection composed of a large number of LEDs in the periphery. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus of patent document 2 can perform two visual function tests, visual acuity and a visual field.

Japanese Patent No. 3168056 JP 2003-93344 A

  However, the visual function inspection device described in Patent Document 1 described above has a problem that only visual field inspection and stereoscopic inspection can be performed, and visual field inspection cannot be performed.

  Moreover, the visual function test | inspection apparatus of patent document 2 cannot show a visual target in arbitrary positions. Furthermore, the visual function inspection device of Patent Document 2 has a problem that the range in which the visual target can be presented is narrow. Furthermore, since the visual function inspection device of Patent Document 2 does not have a function of presenting different images to the right eye and the left eye, it cannot perform a binocular visual inspection.

  As a factor that can not realize inspection items for vision, visual field, and binocular vision in this way, the presentation specifications required for each inspection are prominent, and it is difficult to integrate the specifications into one Is mentioned.

  Therefore, in the visual function inspection apparatus described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a single function tester specialized for many inspection items of ophthalmic medicine is used, and the existing tester uses a plurality of visual functions at the same time. It is not possible to comprehensively examine how daily life looks.

  Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described circumstances, and uses a video presentation method designed according to how the human eye sees (visual characteristics), and provides a plurality of views that are important in daily life. It is an object of the present invention to provide a visual function testing device capable of performing a function test with a single unit.

  The present invention is a visual function testing device capable of inspecting a plurality of visual functions, the first video presenting means for presenting the first video in the first video presenting area, and the first video displayed on the first video presenting means. First video rendering means for rendering the second video presentation means for presenting the second video in the second video presentation area, second video rendering means for rendering the second video to be displayed on the second video presentation means, Including at least one projection means for projecting an image drawn by the first image drawing means and the second image drawing means, and a first image and a second image drawn by the first image drawing means and the second image drawing means. Video generation means for generating video data, and the video data generated by the video generation means are displayed in the first video range and the second video presentation area of the first video displayed in the first video presentation area. A video that sets the second video range of the second video And a presentation area setting means.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, such a visual function inspection device has a first visual acuity to display the first video in the first video range set by the video presentation area setting means by the first video presentation means. The second image presenting means displays the second image in the second image range set by the image presenting area setting means with a resolution that allows visual function inspection with the second visual acuity.

  In this invention, the 2nd image | video presentation means may be formed in the concave shape which has an area where the viewing angle for seeing a 2nd image | video of a test subject is 120 degree | times or more.

  In the present invention, the first video presentation means may be formed in a planar shape having an area where the viewing angle for viewing the first video of the subject is 30 degrees or less.

  In the present invention, when the subject visually recognizes the first video or the second video, the first video presentation unit or the second video presentation unit generates the first video or the second video by the video generation unit so that the first video or the second video can be observed without distortion. It is desirable to have distortion correction means for correcting distortion of the video data that has been processed.

  In the present invention, the first video presentation means may display the first video with a resolution of SXGA or higher, and the second video presentation means may display the second video with a resolution of VGA or higher.

  In the present invention, at the boundary portion between the first video presenting means and the second video presenting means, the video resolution is gradually reduced from the inside of the first video presenting means toward the terminal portion, and the terminal portion of the first video presenting means is provided. It is desirable to provide video processing means for processing the video data generated by the video generation means so that the video resolution to be displayed is equal to the video resolution displayed on the second video presentation means.

  In the present invention, the left-eye video data presenting the left-eye video observed by the subject's left eye and the right-eye video presenting the right-eye video observed by the subject's right eye by the video generation means Binocular separation means for generating data and separately presenting each video data may be provided.

  In the present invention, it is desirable to change the video data for the left eye and the video data for the right eye under specific conditions.

  In the present invention, an operation means that is operated by the subject at the time of visual function test and can input any of the three-axis directions including the up-down direction, the left-right direction, and the front-rear direction and the rotation direction with respect to the three-axis direction; An input signal transmitting unit that transmits an operation signal according to an operation on the operating unit, a limiting unit that specifies an operation direction with respect to the operating unit and blocks transmission of a predetermined operation signal by the input signal transmitting unit, and a type of visual function test And a control means for controlling a signal transmission condition for blocking a predetermined operation signal by the restricting means.

  In the present invention, an operation means that is operated by the subject at the time of visual function test and can input any of the three-axis directions including the up-down direction, the left-right direction, and the front-rear direction and the rotation direction with respect to the three-axis direction; An input signal transmitting unit that transmits an operation signal according to an operation on the operation unit, an operation unit that operates the operation unit in a predetermined operation direction according to an operation by the subject, and an operation unit that is operated by the operation unit to operate the operation unit. It is desirable to include restriction means for restricting and control means for restricting the operation of the operation means by operating the restriction means by the operation means based on the type of visual function test.

  In the present invention, the restriction pattern setting means for setting a restriction pattern indicating a correspondence pattern between the type of visual function test and the operation direction restricted by the restriction means, and the restriction for saving the restriction pattern set by the restriction pattern setting means It is desirable that the apparatus includes a pattern storage unit and a restriction pattern calling unit that calls the restriction pattern stored by the restriction pattern storage unit, and the limiting unit restricts the operation of the operation unit according to the restriction pattern called by the restriction pattern calling unit.

  In the present invention, it is desirable to provide release means for releasing the operation restricted by the restriction means when performing the visual function test.

  According to the present invention, the first video presenting means displays the first video in the first video range with a resolution that allows the visual function test to be performed with the first visual acuity, and the second video in the second video range to the second visual acuity. The visual function test can be performed with the first visual acuity in the first video range, and the visual function test with the second visual acuity can be performed with the second video in the second video range. it can. This makes it possible to perform a plurality of visual function tests important for daily life by using a video presentation method designed according to how the human eye sees (visual characteristics).

  According to the present invention, it is possible to present a second image to a subject with respect to a concave shape having an area with a viewing angle of 120 degrees or more, and perform a visual function test using the second image range.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to present a first video to a subject with respect to a planar shape having an area with a viewing angle of 30 degrees or less, and perform a visual function test using the first video range.

  According to the present invention, since the subject performs distortion correction so that the subject can observe the first video or the second video without distortion, an accurate visual function test can be performed using the video without distortion.

  According to the present invention, the first video is displayed with a resolution of SXGA or higher and the second video is displayed with a resolution of VGA or higher. Therefore, in the first video range, the visual function test with the first visual acuity is performed with the first video. In the second video range, it is possible to perform the visual function test with the second visual acuity using the second video.

  According to the present invention, at the boundary portion between the first video presenting means and the second video presenting means, the video resolution is gradually lowered from the inside of the first video presenting means toward the terminal portion, so that the end of the first video presenting means is reached. Since the video data generated by the video generation means is processed so that the video resolution displayed on the display unit and the video resolution displayed on the second video presentation means are equal, the video resolution is changed stepwise. Can be avoided.

  According to the present invention, the video for the left eye that is observed by the left eye of the subject is presented, and the video for the right eye that is observed by the right eye of the subject is presented. A binocular visual inspection can be performed by presenting a binocular separation image.

  According to the present invention, since the left-eye video and the right-eye video are changed under specific conditions, it is possible to change the conditions for performing the binocular examination.

  According to the present invention, since the signal transmission condition for blocking a predetermined operation signal according to the operation is controlled based on the type of visual function test, only the operation signal according to the selected type of visual function test is recorded. can do. Therefore, according to the present invention, even when the subject performs an erroneous operation and generates an operation signal due to the erroneous operation, the operation signal is blocked and the erroneous operation is recorded as a visual function test result. Can be avoided.

  According to the present invention, in response to the selection of the type of visual function test, the operation unit drives the operation fixing unit, so that the subject cannot perform an erroneous operation, and according to the type of visual function test. Visual function test results can be recorded.

  According to the present invention, by setting the operation restriction content for each visual function test item in a pattern, when any visual function test is selected, the operation can be limited correspondingly.

  According to the present invention, when the visual function test is not performed, the operation can be fixed, and when the visual function test is performed, the operation restricted by the restriction unit can be released.

It is explanatory drawing about a human visual field characteristic. It is explanatory drawing about a human eyesight characteristic. It is explanatory drawing about a human binocular visual characteristic. It is a figure explaining a human sensory fusion, and is an explanatory figure in the ability to recognize what was shown to the right and left eyes by changing the size of the same picture as one image. It is a figure explaining a human sensory fusion, and is an explanatory figure in the ability to recognize what was shown to the right and left eyes by changing blur difference as one image. It is a figure which shows the characteristic required for the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a viewpoint position, a viewing angle, and the magnitude | size of 1 pixel. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between a video presentation viewing angle, the width | variety of a video presentation surface, and the distance of a test subject and a video presentation surface. It is a perspective view of a visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the line-of-sight direction with respect to the dome shape screen in the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship of the dome shape screen in a visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, and a liquid crystal display part. It is a block diagram of a visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention. In a visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a figure showing a user's viewpoint position, viewing angle, and distance to a flat projection object. In the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a figure explaining a picture which a user visually recognizes when seeing a flat projection object from a user. In the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a diagram showing a projection position, a projection angle of view, and a distance of a projection light projection unit with respect to a flat projection object. In the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a diagram for explaining how light is projected from a projector onto a flat projection object. In the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a figure explaining a picture which a user visually recognizes when seeing a dome type projection object from a user. In the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a diagram for explaining the state of light projection from a projector onto a dome-shaped projection object. In the visual function testing device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, a state in which images with different resolutions are projected onto a planar projection object arranged at the center and a dome-type projection object arranged around the projection object is explained. It is a figure to do. It is a perspective view which shows the state which is displaying the visual acuity test | inspection target with the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which is displaying the visual target for visual field inspection with the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which is displaying the binocular visual test target with the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which is displaying the eye-opening position test | inspection target with the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. In the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows the relationship between the test subject's operation corresponding to a visual function test | inspection, and the operation content which a visual function test | inspection apparatus needs to input. In the visual function inspection device shown as an embodiment of the present invention, it is a perspective view of an operation interface. It is a perspective view which shows operation | movement of the operation interface in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, (a) is operation of the positive direction in X-axis, (b) is operation of the negative direction in X-axis. It is a perspective view which shows operation | movement of the operation interface in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, (a) is operation of the positive direction in a Y-axis, (b) is operation of the negative direction in a Y-axis. It is a perspective view which shows operation | movement of the operation interface in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, (a) is forward rotation operation, (b) is forward rotation operation. It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure regarding the test subject's operation in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the center axis | shaft restrict | limited by the operation | movement fixing means in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, (a) is a non-movable state, (b) is a state movable to four directions, (c ) Is a freely movable state. It is a block diagram which shows another functional structure regarding the test subject's operation in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows another functional structure regarding the test subject's operation in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows another functional structure regarding the test subject's operation in the visual function test | inspection apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The visual function testing device shown as an embodiment of the present invention utilizes the characteristics of visual appearance (visual characteristics) such as the characteristics of the human visual field (field of view), the characteristics of visual acuity, and the characteristics of binocular vision (stereoscopic vision). Configured. Thereby, this visual function test | inspection apparatus can perform several test | inspections, such as a visual acuity test | inspection, a visual field test | inspection, and a binocular visual test.

  First, the relationship between human visual characteristics and video resolution will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the visual field of one human eye is as wide as 60 degrees upward, 70 degrees downward, 100 degrees on the ear side, and 60 degrees on the nose side with respect to the central fovea at the center of the visual field. Have Of these visual fields, the central visual field is about 15 degrees from the fovea. Among human visual field characteristics, there are also subjects who have a blind spot as one of the physiologically existing dark spots (invisible parts) due to the structure of vertebrate eyes. As shown in FIG. 1B, the visual field characteristics of human eyes are about 120 degrees vertically and 120 degrees horizontally with respect to the fovea.

  The visual acuity characteristics are as shown in FIG. 2 in contrast to the human visual field characteristics. For example, when the visual acuity is 1.2 at the center of the visual field, the visual acuity at a position shifted by 10 degrees from the visual field center to the ear side and the nose side is about 0.03. That is, when a human is looking at an object with the center of the field of view, the visual acuity that can see the object is 0.03 if it is 10 degrees away from the center of the field of view.

  Human binocular vision refers to the ability to see things simultaneously with both eyes, and is classified into simultaneous vision, stereoscopic vision, and fusion ability. Simultaneous viewing means, as shown in FIG. 3, that when the animal image A is viewed with the right eye and the eyelid image B is viewed with the left eye, the two types of images A and B are recognized as one image. It is the ability to do. Stereoscopic vision is the ability to see an object in three dimensions by recognizing parallax caused by the difference between the positions of the left and right eyes. The fusion is further classified into a motor fusion and a sensory fusion. Motor fusion is the ability to recognize the left-eye image and the right-eye image presented as separate images as a single image by eye movements of convergence (cross-eye) and divergent (separation). . Sensory fusion is the ability to recognize the same image presented to the left and right eyes as a single image by changing the appearance of the same image depending on the size and blur difference. In addition, as an example of the video presentation with the changed appearance, FIG. 4 shows a video whose size is changed, and FIG. 5 shows a video where the blur difference is changed.

  In order to inspect such a human visual function, the visual function inspection device presents an image satisfying the conditions of the image presentation resolution and the image presentation viewing angle as shown in FIG.

  When performing a visual acuity test for inspecting visual acuity characteristics, the visual function testing device presents video on the condition that the visual acuity conversion value is 0.8 or higher and the video presentation viewing angle is about 30 degrees. Further, when performing visual field inspection for inspecting visual field characteristics, the visual function inspection device presents video with a video presentation resolution of about 0.05 in terms of visual acuity and a video presentation viewing angle of about 120 to 180 degrees. . Furthermore, when performing inspection of simultaneous vision, stereoscopic vision, and sensory fusion in the binocular vision characteristics, the visual function inspection device has a video presentation resolution of about 0.8 in terms of visual acuity and a video presentation viewing angle of about 30 degrees. The video is presented under the conditions of Furthermore, when performing a stereoscopic vision test in a binocular vision test, the visual function testing device needs to present a minute parallax image to the right eye and the left eye of the subject. When performing this stereoscopic vision inspection, it is necessary to display the distance between the right-eye video and the left-eye video with a parallax of about 100 seconds in view angle.

  The video presentation resolution of the image presented by the visual function inspection device needs to satisfy a predetermined visual acuity conversion value. A method for calculating the visual acuity conversion value will be described below.

  Here, visual acuity is the spatial resolution of the viewing angle. Here, as shown in FIG. 7, an angle formed with respect to the viewpoint (hereinafter referred to as a viewing angle) is θ1. The viewing angle uses “minute” as a unit, and “second” obtained by dividing the “minute” into 1/60. This value is “60 minutes” when the viewing angle θ1 is 1 degree.

  Usually, the minimum value (minimum separation area) of the distance between two identifiable objects is represented by the viewing angle, and the reciprocal thereof is the visual acuity value. In other words, the visual acuity that can distinguish the 1-minute interval in terms of viewing angle is 1.0, and if the 0.5-minute interval can be distinguished, the visual acuity value is 2.0, and only the 2-minute interval can be distinguished. Otherwise, the visual acuity value is 0.5.

  When such a relationship between visual acuity and visual angle is applied to video presentation resolution displayed by a visual function testing device, the minimum separation area as shown in FIG. 7 is represented by the size of one pixel. The reciprocal of the viewing angle (unit: minute) with respect to the size of one pixel is the visual acuity.

  Therefore, the visual acuity conversion value (A) obtained by converting the video display resolution into visual acuity is defined by the video presentation viewing angle θ [degree] and the video presentation resolution X [pixel] as shown in the following Expression 1.

A = 1 / ((θ × 60) / X) = X / (θ × 60) (Formula 1)
As shown in FIG. 8, the video presentation viewing angle θ [degree] in Equation 1 representing the visual acuity conversion value A depends on the width L [m] of the video presentation surface and the distance D [m] between the subject and the video presentation surface. , Formula 2 and Formula 3 are defined.

tan (θ / 2) = (L / 2) / D = L / 2D (Formula 2)
θ = 2 × tan ⁻¹ (L / 2D) (Formula 3)
Then, when the video presentation viewing angle θ of Expression 3 is substituted into Expression 1, the visual acuity conversion value A is expressed as Expression 4 below.

A = X / (2 × tan ⁻¹ (L / 2D) × 60) = X / (120 × tan ⁻¹ (L / 2D)) (Formula 4)
That is, the video presentation resolution X is as shown in Equation 5 below.
X = 120 × A × tan ⁻¹ (L / 2D) (Formula 5)
It becomes. As described above, if the visual acuity conversion value A to be displayed, the width L of the video presentation surface, and the distance D between the subject and the video presentation surface are specified, the video presentation resolution X is uniquely determined by Equation 5.

  For example, when a video with a visual acuity conversion value A of 1.0 is presented on a video presentation surface having a width L of 1 m installed at a position where the distance D from the subject to the video presentation surface is 5 m away, The presentation resolution X [pixel] is approximately 686.

“Example of configuration of visual function testing device”
Next, a specific configuration of the visual function testing device shown as the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  This visual function testing device is configured as shown in FIG. 9, for example. This visual function inspection device is a device in which a subject's head is positioned facing the dome-shaped screen 1 and performs a plurality of ophthalmic examinations on the subject.

  In this embodiment, the dome screen 1 for projecting an image is installed so that the visual line direction of the subject is horizontal as shown in FIG. 10A, but as shown in FIG. You may install so that a test subject's eyes | visual_axis direction may turn up, or it may look down like FIG.10 (c). By installing the dome-shaped screen 1 so that the direction of the subject's line of sight is the direction of looking up, the subject's eyelids can be greatly opened. Further, by installing the dome-shaped screen 1 so that the direction of the subject's line of sight is the direction of looking down, the subject has an effect of suppressing thirst on the eyeball surface of the subject.

  This visual function inspection device is used for "visual acuity inspection", "visual field inspection", "binocular visual inspection (simultaneous visual inspection, stereoscopic vision inspection, motility fusion inspection, sensory fusion inspection)", "peeling eye position inspection" At least. This visual function inspection device can perform other ophthalmic examinations such as visual acuity examination and binocular visual examination while adopting a dome type screen generally used in visual field examination. Hereinafter, such a visual function inspection device will be described.

  The visual function inspection device includes a dome screen 1, projectors 2A and 2B as projection means for emitting image light projected onto the dome screen 1, and image light emitted from the projectors 2A and 2B. 1 includes a mirror 3 that reflects toward the head 1 and a fixing mechanism 5 that sets the head position of the subject to a predetermined position with respect to the dome-shaped screen 1. In this visual function inspection device, a unit having the dome type screen 1, the projectors 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B, the mirror 3, and the fixing mechanism 5 as main components is mounted on the mounting table 6. The visual function inspection device also includes a configuration in which the subject holds the handrail 7 provided on the mounting table 6 during the inspection. Note that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and it is sufficient that at least one projector 2A, 2B as the projection means is provided.

  The fixing mechanism 5 also has a function of fixing the subject's head. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus can perform various visual function tests in the state which fixed the position of the eye. Note that FIG. 9 shows a state in which the subject wears the polarizing glasses 8 and performs a visual function test. However, for example, in the visual function test, a visual acuity test is performed with a single eye, and thus it is not necessary to attach the polarizing glasses 8 to the subject. That is, it is only necessary to attach the polarized glasses 8 to the subject only by the type of visual function test necessary for the binocular visual inspection.

  The dome-shaped screen 1 indicates the entire dome-shaped screen 1 having an arbitrary depth, and a concave bottom including the center of the dome-shaped screen 1 is a liquid crystal display unit 1B. That is, the dome type screen 1 is configured by combining the portion of the liquid crystal display unit 1B in the dome type screen 1 and the portion other than the liquid crystal display unit 1B of the dome type screen 1. In the following description, the entire dome-shaped screen 1 is referred to as “dome-shaped screen 1A”, and the bottom portion of the entire dome-shaped screen 1 is referred to as “liquid crystal display portion 1B”.

  In addition, although the screen which projects an image | video in this embodiment is called the "dome shape screen", this has a concave surface shape with respect to a test subject, and has the characteristic which covers a visual field effectively. The screen shape is preferably a shape that forms a part of a sphere, but may be an elliptical shape or a polyhedral shape. As shown in FIG. 11, the dome-shaped screen 1 of such a visual function testing device has a liquid crystal display portion 1B in the central region facing the subject, and the central region including the liquid crystal display portion 1B and the periphery thereof. It is a dome type screen 1A.

  The dome type screen 1A is made of a general screen material. Further, the liquid crystal display unit 1B may be a self-luminous display. That is, not only a liquid crystal display but also an organic EL display or the like may be used.

  As a result, the visual function testing device constitutes a first video presentation means for presenting the first video in the first video presentation area including the center of the video presentation area of the entire dome screen 1. Further, the visual function inspection device constitutes a second video presenting means for presenting the second video in the second video presenting area formed around the first video presenting area.

  The first video presentation area and the second video presentation area have a planar shape in which the first video presentation area is directed toward the subject, and the second video presentation area has a concave shape. In addition, the first video presentation area does not have to be a flat surface, and may have a gentle concave shape in accordance with the concave shape of the second video presentation area. It is desirable that the boundary between the first video presentation area and the second video presentation area has a continuous shape without a step so as not to give a sense of incongruity to the video. However, the concave-shaped dome-shaped screen 1A is integrally formed to form the second video presentation area, and the liquid crystal display unit 1B is arranged on the subject side of the dome-shaped screen 1A to configure the first video presentation area. good.

  In addition, the visual function inspection device includes four screen support portions 11 that support four ends of the peripheral portion constituting the dome-shaped screen 1. The dome type screen 1 is supported by the arms 12 and 13 that support the peripheral portion of the dome type screen 1, the fixing member 14, and the back surface portion 15 via the screen support portion 11.

  The projectors 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B are provided on an installation base 21 provided on a pair of arms 22 connected to a substantially upper end portion of the back surface portion 15 of the dome type screen 1. The pair of arms 22 extends from the back surface portion 15 toward the subject, and the mirror 3 is attached to the tip of the arms 22. In such a configuration, the visual function inspection device includes the positions of the projectors 2A and 2B on the installation base 21, the position of the mirror 3 determined by the arm 22, and the attitude of the mirror 3 with respect to the projectors 2A and 2B and the dome-type screen 1. The relationship is designed to be an appropriate relationship.

  The visual function testing device configured in this way is selected to perform visual acuity testing, visual field testing, and binocular vision testing by operating an operation unit (not shown). As shown in FIG. 12, the visual function testing device includes first video presentation means 34 that presents a first video in a first video presentation area including the center of the video presentation area of the dome-shaped screen 1. The first video presentation unit 34 corresponds to the liquid crystal display unit 1B. In order to drive the liquid crystal display unit 1B, the visual function testing device includes first video drawing means 33 including a CPU or the like for drawing the first video displayed on the first video presentation means 34. Examples of the first video include a Landolt ring for visual acuity inspection and a plurality of images for binocular visual inspection.

  Furthermore, the visual function inspection device includes second video presentation means 36 for presenting the second video in the second video presentation area including the periphery of the liquid crystal display unit 1B (first video rendering means 33). The second video presentation means 36 corresponds to the dome type screen 1A and the projectors 2A and 2B. For this purpose, the visual function inspection device includes second video drawing means 35 including a CPU and the like described later for drawing a second video to be displayed on the dome type screen 1A (second video presentation means). Examples of the second video include a visual target image for visual field inspection and a grid-like image for eye-opening position inspection.

  Such first video and second video are generated by the video generation means 31 as video data. The video generation means 31 is composed of a personal computer or the like. The video generation unit 31 generates video data of the first video and the second video drawn by the first video drawing unit 33 and the second video drawing unit 35.

  In the visual field inspection and the binocular visual inspection, the video data of the first video is generated by the video generation unit 31, drawn by the first video drawing unit 33, and the first video is displayed by the liquid crystal display unit 1B. In the visual field inspection and the eye-opening position inspection, video data of the second video is generated by the video generation means 31, drawn by the second video drawing means 35, and the second video is displayed on the dome type screen 1A by the projectors 2A and 2B. Let

  The visual function testing device uses the first video range and the second video presentation area (the first video range displayed on the first video presentation area (liquid crystal display unit 1B)) for the video data generated by the video generation unit 31 (the liquid crystal display unit 1B). Video presentation area setting means 32 for setting the second video range of the second video displayed on the dome-shaped screen 1A) is provided.

  When displaying an image for visual acuity inspection and an image for binocular visual inspection, the video presentation area setting means 32 displays the image for visual acuity inspection and the image for binocular visual inspection (first video) as the first image. Set to display in one video range (liquid crystal display unit 1B). That is, the video data of the first video generated by the video generation unit 31 is output to the first video drawing unit 33 as video data to be displayed on the entire surface of the liquid crystal display unit 1B.

  Further, when displaying the image for visual field inspection and the square eye image for peeled eye position inspection, the video presentation area setting means 32 displays the image for visual field inspection and the image for peeled eye position inspection (second image). Then, it is displayed on the dome type screen 1A including the liquid crystal display unit 1B. That is, the video data generated by the video generation unit 31 is output to the second video drawing unit 35 as video data for displaying the second video on the dome type screen 1A including the liquid crystal display unit 1B.

  As a result, the visual function inspection device can perform visual function inspection on the first video in the first video range set by the video presentation area setting unit 32 by the liquid crystal display unit 1B (first video presentation unit 34) with the first visual acuity. Display with resolution. On the other hand, the visual function inspection device uses the dome-shaped screen 1A (projectors 2A and 2B, second video presentation means) to view the second video in the second video range set by the video presentation area setting means 32 with the second visual acuity. Display at a resolution that allows functional testing.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the visual function inspection apparatus that displays an image using the dome-shaped screen 1 </ b> A and the liquid crystal display unit 1 </ b> B as described above is an image corresponding to visual acuity inspection, visual field inspection, and stereoscopic inspection (binocular vision). The first video and the second video are presented at the presentation resolution and the video presentation viewing angle.

  The visual function testing device causes the liquid crystal display unit 1B to display a first video having a visual acuity conversion value A of 0.8 or more as the video presentation resolution during the visual acuity test. Note that the visual acuity conversion value A required for the visual acuity test is set to 0.8 or more is a minimum visual acuity to be examined by the visual acuity test, and higher visual acuity may be displayed. In this case, it is necessary to further increase the video presentation resolution X of the liquid crystal display unit 1B according to the visual acuity conversion value A.

  The video presentation resolution X of the liquid crystal display unit 1B is determined by specifying the visual acuity conversion value A to be displayed, the width L of the video presentation surface, and the distance D between the subject and the video presentation surface, as shown in Equation 5. Is done. Further, the visual function testing device can display an image at the time of the visual acuity test at a video presentation viewing angle of about 30 degrees where the liquid crystal display unit 1B as shown in FIG. 11 is installed. This video presentation viewing angle is determined by the distance D between the viewpoint position of the subject fixed by the fixing mechanism 5 and the liquid crystal display unit 1B and the width L of the video presentation surface of the liquid crystal display unit 1B.

  The visual function testing device displays a second video having a visual acuity conversion value A of 0.05 or more as the video presentation resolution on the dome-type screen 1A (including the liquid crystal display unit 1B) during the visual field test. Note that the visual acuity conversion value A required for the visual field inspection is set to 0.05 or more, which is a value generally recognized as a visual field. The video presentation resolution X of the dome-shaped screen 1A is determined by specifying the visual acuity conversion value A to be displayed, the width L of the video presentation surface, and the distance D between the subject and the video presentation surface, as shown in Equation 5. Is done. At the time of visual field inspection, it can be presented with a coarser resolution than at the time of visual acuity inspection.

  As described above, according to the visual function testing device shown as the embodiment of the present invention, the first video in the first video range is displayed with a resolution that allows visual function testing with the first visual acuity, and around the first video range. The second video in the second video range including can be displayed with a resolution that allows visual function testing with the second visual acuity. Thus, according to the visual function testing device, the video presentation resolution is set according to how the human eye looks (visual characteristics), and a plurality of visual function tests (visual acuity, visual field, binocular vision, Can be performed with one unit.

  Further, according to this visual function testing device, the dome-shaped screen 1A as the second video presentation means 36 is formed in a concave shape having an area where the viewing angle for viewing the second video of the subject is 120 degrees or more. Therefore, it is possible to display the second image that covers the field of view of the subject and perform the visual field inspection and the eye-opening position inspection. Furthermore, according to this visual function testing device, the liquid crystal display unit 1B as the first video presentation means 34 is formed in a planar shape having an area where the viewing angle for viewing the first video of the subject is 30 degrees or less. Therefore, it is possible to display the first video within the range of the viewing angle and perform visual acuity inspection and binocular visual inspection. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus can perform a visual acuity test | inspection, a visual field test | inspection, a binocular vision test | inspection, and a peeled eye position test | inspection with one apparatus.

"Image distortion correction processing"
The visual function inspection apparatus described above causes the first video presentation unit 34 or the second video presentation unit 36 to observe the first video or the second video without distortion when the subject views the first video or the second video. It is desirable to have distortion correction means for correcting distortion for the video data generated by the video generation means 31.

  Here, the dome-shaped screen 1A has a concave shape, and the liquid crystal display portion 1B has a planar shape. The liquid crystal display unit 1B may have a spherical display surface along the shape of the dome screen 1A. When the video display surface is configured as described above, when the plane video data is drawn by the second video drawing unit 35 and projected from the projectors 2A and 2B of the second video presentation unit 36 onto the dome type screen 1A, the dome type is displayed. Distortion occurs according to the shape of the screen 1A. For this purpose, the visual function inspection device performs distortion correction on the video data.

  The distortion correction unit is included as a function of the video generation unit 31 and performs a predetermined distortion correction process on the generated video data. The predetermined distortion correction processing includes a concave distortion in which the image is distorted due to the shape of the dome-shaped screen 1A, a trapezoidal distortion in which the image is distorted due to the positional relationship between the projectors 2A and 2B, the mirror 3, and the dome-shaped screen 1A. This is performed in response to the distortion of the image due to the combination of the concave portion of the dome type screen 1A and the plane of the liquid crystal display portion 1B.

  For this distortion correction processing, the shape of the image projection surface including the dome-shaped screen 1A and the liquid crystal display unit 1B, the positional relationship between the projectors 2A and 2B and the mirror 3 and the image projection surface, and the driving angles of the projectors 2A and 2B are included. Based on specifications, parameters such as the positional relationship between the dome-shaped screen 1A and the viewpoint position of the subject fixed by the fixing mechanism 5, the image does not distort from the viewpoint position of the subject based on parameters that cause distortion when the image is projected. As can be seen, a conversion table storing the coordinate values before and after conversion of each pixel included in the video data is created. Then, the distortion correction means of the video generation means 31 takes out the pixels of the generated video data and performs coordinate conversion according to the conversion table to convert the distortion-corrected video data.

  A conceptual description of such distortion correction processing will be given below. In the following description, the distortion correction unit in the video generation unit 31 corrects video data using a conversion table created based on parameters such as the shape of the dome-shaped screen 1A. This is a process for making an image projected on the projection surface of the screen 1A appear without distortion.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 13, as a projection object S having an arbitrary shape that is a dome-shaped screen 1 </ b> A, a flat object S that is separated from the subject by a distance L and is inclined obliquely with respect to the subject. Think. This flat object S is visually recognized at the viewing angle θ1 from the viewpoint position P1 of the subject. The distance from the point P2 on the flat object S that intersects the visual field center of the subject to the subject is a distance L1.

  In the positional relationship between the viewpoint position P1 and the point P2 on the flat object S, as shown in FIG. 14A, the lattice-shaped planar image Pic (video data) shown in FIG. Consider the case of viewing on a flat object S through a video plane U. In this case, when the same image as the planar image Pic shown in FIG. 14B is displayed on the image plane U is displayed on the flat object S, each coordinate on the image surface U and each image on the flat object S are displayed. It is necessary to obtain the correspondence with the coordinates. 14A schematically, the points b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 on the image plane U correspond to the points a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 on the flat object S. ing. Accordingly, the images displayed at the points a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 on the flat object S are visually recognized by the subject as the points b1, b2, b3, b4, b5 on the image plane U.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 15, the point P2 where the subject's line of sight and the flat object S intersect with the projection position P3 of the projector 2 is a distance L2. Further, the projector 2 projects the projection light within a predetermined projection angle of view θ2.

  In this case, the positional relationship between the image plane P of the projector 2 and the flat object S is such that the points a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 on the flat object S are on the image plane P as shown in FIG. Corresponding to points c1, c2, c3, c4 and c5. That is, points on a straight line obtained by extending the points c1, c2, c3, c4, and c5 on the image plane P from the projection position P3 of the projector 2 become the points a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 of the flat object S. .

  From the relationship between the viewpoint position P1 and viewing angle θ1 of the subject, the position of the flat object S, the projection position P3 of the projector 2 and the projection angle of view θ2, the image plane P on the projector 2 shown in FIG. When the image is projected onto the points c1, c2, c3, c4, and c5, the image is projected onto the points a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 on the flat object S. As a result, the points a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 on the flat object S are visually recognized as the points b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 on the video plane U in FIG. Therefore, in order for the subject to visually recognize the flat image Pic, the projector 2 has a flat plate shape corresponding to each coordinate on the flat plate object S corresponding to each coordinate on the video screen U and each coordinate on the video screen P. Based on the correspondence with each coordinate on the object S, it is necessary to project a distorted planar image Pic ″ as shown in FIG.

  In order to realize such an image projection operation, the visual function testing device, as shown in FIG. 13, includes a viewpoint position indicating the viewpoint position P1 of the subject, a viewpoint position / posture parameter indicating the line-of-sight direction, and a viewing angle θ1 of the subject. Is obtained. These subject parameters define the video plane U described above.

  Further, the shape data of the flat object S that projects the projection light emitted from the projector 2 is acquired. This shape data is, for example, CAD data indicating the shape of the dome type screen 1A. Here, the viewpoint position and orientation parameter is a numerical value that defines a position on the X, Y, and Z axes and a rotation angle around the axis in a three-dimensional coordinate space. This viewpoint position / orientation parameter uniquely determines the distance L1 between the viewpoint position P1 and the flat object S and the attitude of the flat object S relative to the viewpoint position P1. The shape data of the flat object S is defined as a shape region in a three-dimensional coordinate space based on electronic data created by CAD or the like. This shape data uniquely determines the shape of the flat object S viewed from the viewpoint position P1. The shape data of the flat object S and the parameters of the subject determine the correspondence between the coordinates on the image plane U and the coordinates on the flat object S.

  Further, in contrast to the projector 2 being installed as shown in FIG. 15, the visual function inspection device has a projection position P3 of the projector 2, a position and orientation parameter indicating the optical axis direction of the projector 2, and a projection angle of view of the projector 2. A projection field angle parameter indicating θ2 is acquired. The position and orientation parameters and the projection angle of view parameter of the projector 2 represent the image plane P that the projector 2 projects onto the flat object S. When the image plane P is determined, it is determined on which coordinate of the flat object S the projection light projected from the projector 2 is projected via the image plane P. That is, the position and orientation parameters and projection angle of view parameter of the projector 2 and the position and orientation parameters and shape data of the flat object S uniquely determine the range of the flat object S covered by the projection light emitted from the projector 2. . When the projector 2 is a projector, the projection position P3 is defined by a back focus and a driving angle, and the projection angle of view θ2 is calculated from a horizontal and vertical projection range at a fixed distance from the projection position P3.

  The visual function inspection device then intersects the image plane P with the straight line connecting the projection light pixels (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) displayed on the flat object S and the projection position P3 of the projector 2. Pixels are arranged at (c1, c2, c3, c4, c5) to form a planar image Pic ″, and the planar image Pic ″ is projected onto the flat object S. The points c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 on the image plane P, the points a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 on the flat object S, the points b1, b2, b3, b4, b5 on the image plane U This makes it possible for the subject to visually recognize an image without distortion.

  Similarly, even if the object to be projected is not in the shape of the flat object S, but is in an arbitrary shape such as a dome shape such as the dome-shaped screen 1A, the projection light is projected without distortion. Can be visually recognized by the subject. Consider a scene in which the object to be projected is a dome-shaped object S as shown in FIG. 17 (a) and the subject visually recognizes the grid-like projection light as shown in FIG. 17 (b). In this case, the subject can visually recognize the points a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 on the dome-shaped object S on the extension line of the points b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 on the image plane U. On the other hand, the projector 2 projects projection light onto the image plane P as shown in FIG. The projection light that has passed through the points c1, c2, c3, c4, and c5 on the image plane P is projected onto the points a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 on the dome-shaped object S, and the image shown in FIG. It is visually recognized as points b1, b2, b3, b4, b5 on the surface U. Accordingly, the projector 2 projects the distorted planar image Pic ″ on the image plane P as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the subject can visually recognize a flat image Pic without distortion as shown in FIG.

  As described above, according to this visual function inspection device, it is possible to correct distortion of the images projected from the projectors 2A and 2B, and it is possible to present an image without distortion on the dome-shaped screen 1A. A position test can be performed.

"Specific examples of video presentation resolution"
In the visual function testing device described above, the first video presenting means 34 displays the first video with a resolution of SXGA or higher on the liquid crystal display unit 1B, and the second video presenting means 36 is displayed on the VGA with the projectors 2A and 2B. It is desirable to display the second video with the above resolution. For this purpose, the video generation means 31 sets the video data for the first video to a resolution of 1280 × 1024 pixels or higher of SXGA (Super eXtended Graphics Array). Further, the video generation means 31 sets the video data for the second video to a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels or higher of VGA (Video Graphics Array).

  Thereby, according to this visual function inspection device, the first SXGA image can be displayed on the liquid crystal display unit 1B in the visual acuity test and the binocular visual inspection that require a high video presentation resolution, and the low video presentation resolution. With sufficient visual field inspection, the second video of VGA can be displayed. Thus, the visual function inspection device performs the visual function test with the first visual acuity with the first video in the first video range, and performs the visual function test with the second visual acuity with the second video in the second video range. realizable.

"Processing of video presentation resolution"
In the visual function testing device described above, the video generation means 31 has a video resolution at the boundary between the first video presentation means 34 and the second video presentation means 36 from the inside of the first video presentation means 34 toward the terminal portion. The video data generated by the video generation unit 31 is gradually reduced so that the video resolution displayed on the terminal portion of the first video presentation unit 34 is equal to the video resolution displayed on the second video presentation unit 36. It is desirable to provide image processing means for processing.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 19, the video generation means 31 sets the video resolution of the central portion of the dome-shaped screen 1A as a high value as c as video data. As a result, the video generation means 31 displays a video with a video presentation resolution capable of performing visual acuity inspection and binocular visual inspection on the liquid crystal display portion 1B portion which is the central portion of the dome-shaped screen 1A.

  Then, in an area of a predetermined width sandwiching the end of the liquid crystal display unit 1B, the video presentation resolution is gradually lowered from the video presentation resolution toward the end from the inside of the dome-shaped screen 1A, and at the end of the liquid crystal display unit 1B. The video presentation resolution can be used for visual field inspection. A region having a predetermined width across the edge of the liquid crystal display unit 1B displays an image at an intermediate video resolution b that is lower than the video resolution c of the liquid crystal display unit 1B and higher than the video resolution a of the dome-shaped screen 1A.

  According to such a visual function inspection device, since the image resolution gradually decreases from a certain range of the liquid crystal display unit 1B toward the periphery of the liquid crystal display unit 1B, the liquid crystal display unit 1B and the liquid crystal display unit 1B When video is displayed over the periphery, it is possible to avoid the video presentation resolution from changing stepwise. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus can show the image | video which does not give discomfort to a test subject.

"Binocular separated video presentation process"
Next, what displays a binocular separation image by the visual function inspection device described above will be described.

  The binocular separation image is displayed for examining how the subject recognizes when different images are presented to the left and right eyes in the binocular vision examination.

  When displaying a binocular separation image, the image generation means 31 presents left-eye image data that presents a left-eye image observed by the subject's left eye and a right-eye image that is observed by the subject's right eye. Right eye video data is generated and each video data is separated and presented (binocular separation means). This binocular separation means is similar to the binocular separation image projection means, and includes, as an example, a silver-coated screen, two projectors, a polarizing filter, and polarizing glasses 8. Further, the binocular separation unit is not limited to a configuration including a projection unit as a projector and a screen on which image light is projected, and may be a self-luminous screen. In addition, the self-luminous screen may have a display surface having a dome shape and may be arranged with a concave surface facing the subject.

  When displaying the right-eye video and the left-eye video on the liquid crystal display unit 1B, as an example, the liquid crystal display unit 1B uses a polarization type stereoscopic display. The first video rendering unit 33 renders the binocular separated video obtained by superimposing the right eye video and the left eye video, and causes the first video presentation unit 34 to display the rendered image. Thereby, the visual function inspection device can display a binocular separated image with a high video presentation resolution and perform a binocular visual inspection.

  Further, the right-eye video and the left-eye video may be output from the projectors 2A and 2B, respectively. In this case, the visual function testing device is required to project the binocular separated video satisfying the video presentation resolution in which the visual acuity conversion value A shown in FIG. 6 is 0.05 or more from the projectors 2A and 2B. The visual function inspection device performs an operation of projecting a binocular separated image by the left-eye projector and the right-eye projector 2B when performing a binocular visual inspection. In this case, for example, the left-eye projector 2A is provided with a left-eye polarizing filter and the right-eye projector 2B is provided with a right-eye polarizing filter, and the left-eye portion of the polarizing glasses 8 worn by the subject is placed on the left-eye. And a right-eye part as a polarizing filter for the right eye.

  According to such a visual function inspection device, even when performing a binocular visual inspection out of a binocular visual inspection, the right-eye video and the left-eye video are displayed on the liquid crystal display unit 1B. A binocular separated video (first video) can be displayed with the predetermined video presentation viewing angle and video presentation resolution shown in FIG. Further, according to this visual function testing device, even when the dome-type screen 1A is used as the binocular separation image, the right eye image and the left eye image can be displayed by the two projectors 2A and 2B. it can.

  Moreover, this visual function test | inspection apparatus may change the video data for left eyes and the video data for right eyes which the video generation means 31 produces | generates on specific conditions. This specific condition can be freely set by a doctor or the like who conducts a binocular examination. Examples of the specific condition include the size of binocular separated video, left / right up / down movement, rotation, blur, brightness, and the like.

  Further, the visual function inspection device includes an operation input mechanism for a subject (not shown), and displays a right-eye image and a left-eye image independently when performing simultaneous vision inspection or fusion inspection. The distance between the right-eye video and the left-eye video is moved by the above operation. Then, the visual function testing device converts the input value of the subject into the viewing angle θ. As a result, the visual function testing device converts the distance between the images when the subject looks at the binocular separated video for the right eye video and the left eye video and the images appear to overlap each other to the viewing angle. It can be presented to an ophthalmologist performing a binocular examination.

"Specific display examples of visual function testing equipment"
According to the visual function testing device described above, when performing a visual acuity test, as shown in FIG. 20, a landmark with a high image presentation resolution of 0.8 on the visual acuity conversion value A is used as a visual acuity for visual acuity testing. Display the ring. At this time, the visual function testing device displays the visual acuity test target as a stereoscopic image so that the subject can see the right eye and the left eye separately through the polarizing glasses 8. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus can perform the visual acuity test of monocular and binocular vision. Note that FIG. 20 shows a state in which the subject wears the polarizing glasses 8 and performs a visual acuity test. However, the polarizing glasses 8 are unnecessary when the polarizing glasses 8 are not necessary for the visual acuity test or when the binocular visual inspection is not performed.

  Further, when performing visual field inspection, the visual function inspection device applies visual acuity to a wide visual field region on the substantially entire surface of the dome-shaped screen 1A from the two projectors 2A and 2B via the mirror 3, as shown in FIG. A visual field inspection target having a video presentation resolution with a conversion value A of 0.05 or more is displayed. At this time, the visual function inspection device displays the visual field inspection target as a three-dimensional image so that the subject can see the right eye and the left eye separately through the polarizing glasses 8. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus can perform the visual field inspection under monocular and binocular vision.

  Furthermore, when performing the binocular visual inspection, the visual function inspection device displays the binocular visual inspection target as the binocular visual inspection target as shown in FIG. At this time, the visual function testing device displays a binocular visual test target such as a lion and a moth in a stereoscopic image, and the subject separates the lion and the moth with the right eye and the left eye via the polarizing glasses 8. To be able to see. Note that FIG. 22 shows a state in which the subject wears polarized glasses 8 and performs a binocular inspection. However, when the binocular inspection is not performed, the polarizing glasses 8 are not necessary.

  Further, in the case of performing eye-opening position inspection, the visual function inspection device applies a wide field of view on the substantially entire surface of the dome-shaped screen 1A from the two projectors 2A and 2B via the mirror 3, as shown in FIG. Then, a target for eye position inspection (a grid) having a predetermined video presentation resolution and an arrow moved by the operation of the subject are displayed. At this time, the visual function inspection device performs distortion correction processing on the video data and displays a checkered eye position inspection target without distortion. In addition, the visual function inspection device allows the subject to see the right eye and the left eye separately through the polarizing glasses 8. Thereby, the visual function test | inspection apparatus can perform the peeling eye position test | inspection under monocular and binocular vision.

"Operation interface of visual function testing device"
Next, an operation interface of a visual function testing device capable of performing a plurality of visual function tests as described above will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 24, each visual function test includes an operation of a patient (subject) required for each visual function test and an operation content that the visual function test apparatus needs to input for each visual function test. It is decided in advance. In the visual acuity test, an operation of pointing the direction of the Landolt ring is performed by the subject. At this time, it is necessary for the visual function testing device to distinguish and input four-direction operations such as up, down, left, and right. In the visual field inspection, a button operation is performed when a light spot is seen by a subject. At this time, the visual function testing device needs to input a button operation to be turned on from off. In the binocular visual inspection, an operation for moving the right-eye image and / or the left-eye image is performed. At this time, it is necessary for the visual function testing device to distinguish and input a four-direction operation of up, down, left, and right and a rotation operation. In the eye position examination, the subject moves the arrow along the grid. At this time, it is necessary for the visual function testing device to distinguish and input operations in eight directions in total in combination with diagonal directions in addition to the four directions operations of up, down, left, and right.

  As described above, the operation interface of the visual function testing device has eight directions that combine the four-direction operations of up, down, left, and right and the diagonal direction when performing the above four types of visual function tests. It is necessary to distinguish between the operation, the button input operation, and the turning operation. An operation interface (operation means) 100 that realizes this input operation is configured as shown in FIG. 25, for example.

  The operation interface 100 includes a base unit 101, an operation input unit 102, a push button 103, and a rotation button 104. As shown in FIG. 25, only one rotation button 104 may be provided on the side surface of the operation input unit 102, or another button may be provided on the opposite side surface of the operation input unit 102. As shown in FIGS. 26 to 28, the operation interface 100 includes a central shaft 105 that is connected to the operation input unit 102 and has an end fixed inside the base unit 101.

  As shown in FIG. 26A, the operation interface 100 operates in the positive direction of the X axis by an operation of tilting the operation input unit 102 to the right. Further, as shown in FIG. 26B, the operation interface 100 operates in the negative direction of the X axis by an operation of tilting the operation input unit 102 to the left. As shown in FIG. 27A, the operation interface 100 moves in the positive direction of the Y axis by an operation of tilting the operation input unit 102 forward. Further, as shown in FIG. 27B, the operation interface 100 operates in the negative direction of the Y axis by an operation of tilting the operation input unit 102 backward. As a result, the visual function testing device can input four-direction operations on the operation interface 100 such as up, down, left, and right of the subject. In addition to the four directions, the visual function testing device can input an eight-way operation that combines the diagonal directions by making the operation input unit 102 movable in the diagonal directions.

  Further, the operation interface 100 is in a state where the tilting operation of the central shaft 105 is locked when the rotation button 104 is pressed. In this tilting operation locked state, the operation interface 100 can rotate the operation input unit 102 as shown in FIG. FIG. 28A shows a state where the operation input unit 102 rotates in the negative right direction. FIG. 28B shows a state where the operation input unit 102 rotates in the forward direction. The amount of rotation [θ] is, for example, −30 degrees ≦ θ ≦ + 30 degrees, and the resolution is 0.1 degrees. Thereby, the visual function testing device can input the subject's turning operation with respect to the operation interface 100.

  Such a visual function testing device has a functional internal configuration as shown in FIG. The visual function testing device includes an input signal transmission unit 111 connected to an operation interface (operation unit) 100, a signal recording unit 112, a signal blocking unit 113, and a control unit 114.

  As described above, the operation interface 100 is operated by the subject at the time of visual function inspection, and can input any of the three-axis directions including the vertical direction, the left-right direction, and the front-rear direction, and the rotation direction with respect to the three-axis direction. It is a thing.

  The input signal transmission unit 111 transmits an operation signal corresponding to an operation on the operation interface 100.

  The signal blocking unit 113 specifies the operation direction with respect to the operation interface 100 and blocks the transmission of a predetermined operation signal by the input signal transmission unit 111. That is, the signal blocking unit 113 is a limiting unit that limits a signal output with respect to an operation on the operation interface 100.

  The signal recording unit 112 records the operation signal transmitted from the input signal transmission unit 111 when the operation interface 100 is operated. The condition for recording the operation signal in the signal recording unit 112 is that the operation signal transmitted from the input signal transmission unit 111 by the signal blocking unit 113 is not blocked.

  Based on the type of visual function test, the control unit 114 controls a signal transmission condition for blocking a predetermined operation signal by the signal blocking unit 113 which is a limiting unit.

  That is, the control unit 114 causes the input signal transmission unit 111 to transmit only the operation signals in the four directions of up, down, left, and right to the signal recording unit 112 in the visual acuity test. In the visual field inspection, the signal blocking unit 113 transmits only the button operation from the input signal transmitting unit 111 to the signal recording unit 112. In the binocular inspection, the signal blocking unit 113 causes the input signal transmitting unit 111 to transmit only the operation signals in the four directions of up, down, left, and right and the operation signal by rotation to the signal recording unit 112. In the eye position examination, the signal blocker 113 sends only the operation signals from the input signal transmitter 111 in total in a total of eight directions combining the upper, lower, left, right and diagonal directions as the subject moves the arrow along the grid. The recording unit 112 transmits the data.

  As described above, in the visual function testing device, the control unit 114 controls the signal transmission condition for blocking the predetermined operation signal by the signal blocking unit 113 according to the type of the selected visual function test. Thereby, according to the visual function inspection device, only the operation signal corresponding to the type of the selected visual function inspection can be recorded in the signal recording unit 112. Therefore, according to the visual function inspection device, even when the subject performs an incorrect operation on the operation interface 100, even if an operation signal is generated by the incorrect operation, the operation signal is blocked and an erroneous operation is performed. It is possible to avoid being recorded as a visual function test result. Specifically, even when the visual function test is performed and the operation interface 100 cannot be viewed and there are many erroneous operations, only the operation corresponding to the visual function test can be recorded.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 30 and 31, the visual function testing device includes an operation unit 115 and an operation fixing unit 106 for operating the operation interface 100 in a predetermined operation direction in accordance with an operation by the subject. Also good. This operation mechanism is built in the platform 101 in the operation interface 100.

  As shown in FIG. 30, the operation fixing unit 106 is a limiting unit that limits the operation direction of the central shaft 105. The operation unit 115 includes an actuator or the like that drives the operation fixing unit 106, and drives the operation fixing unit 106 according to the selected type of visual function test. As a result, the operation means 115 is in a state in which the direction operation cannot be performed and only the rotation operation can be performed, in a state in which operation in four directions of up, down, left, and right is possible, and in the up, down, left, right, and diagonal directions. The state of the central axis 105 is changed between a total of eight states that can be operated in eight directions.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 30, the operation fixing means 106 includes stoppers 106 a, 106 b, 106 c, and 106 d that are arranged on four sides of the central shaft 105. These stoppers 106a, 106b, 106c, and 106d are switched between the states of FIGS. 30A, 30B, and 30C by the operating means 115 around the central axis 105.

  In a state where the direction operation cannot be performed and only the rotation operation can be performed, the operation unit 115 arranges the stoppers 106a, 106b, 106c, and 106d so as to be in contact with the central shaft 105 as shown in FIG. As a result, the central shaft 105 is in a non-movable state (locked) that cannot be operated from the center.

  When the operation in the four directions of up, down, left, and right is possible, the operation means 115 is configured so that the stoppers 106a, 106b, 106c, and so on are separated from the central shaft 105 as shown in FIG. 106d is arranged. As a result, the central axis 105 can be operated only in four directions.

  As shown in FIG. 30 (c), the operation means 115 is compared with FIG. 30 (b) when a total of eight directions combined with the upper, lower, left, right and diagonal directions is possible. Further, stoppers 106a, 106b, 106c, 106d are arranged so as to be further away from the central shaft 105. As a result, the central axis 105 becomes operable in a free direction.

  As described above, in the visual function testing device, the control unit 114 operates the operation unit 115 based on the selected type of the visual function test, and restricts the operation of the central shaft 105 (operation unit) by the operation fixing unit 106. can do.

  In the visual function testing device including such an operation interface 100, the operation unit 115 drives the operation fixing unit 106 in response to selection of the type of visual function test. Thereby, according to the visual function test | inspection apparatus, it can be set as the state which a test subject cannot perform wrong operation with respect to the operation interface 100, and the visual function test result according to the kind of visual function test | inspection can be recorded.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 32, the visual function testing device described above includes a release unit 116 that cancels the operation restricted by the limiting unit that is the operation fixing unit 106 when performing the visual function test. That is, the operation interface 100 includes release means 116 for releasing the operation on the central shaft 105 fixed by the action fixing means 106. The release means 116 has a structure for releasing the operation of the operation means 115 that operates the operation fixing means 106, for example. As a result, the operation can be fixed when the visual function test is not performed, and the restriction on the operation can be released during the visual function test.

  Furthermore, it is desirable that the visual function testing device patterns operation restrictions on the operation interface 100 according to the type of visual function test and stores them as a restriction pattern. As shown in FIG. 24, this restriction pattern is a pattern for restricting the operation of the subject for each visual function test that can be executed by the visual function testing device. In the case of a visual acuity test, the restriction pattern is an operation other than an operation in four directions of up, down, left, and right. In the case of visual field inspection, the restriction pattern is an operation other than the button operation. In the case of the binocular inspection, the restriction pattern is an operation other than the four-direction operation and the rotation operation of up, down, left, and right. In the case of eye position examination, the restriction pattern is an operation other than the operation in the eight directions in total in which the upper, lower, left, right, and diagonal directions are combined. The visual function testing device sets a restriction pattern and records only normal operations other than the restriction pattern.

  As shown in FIG. 33, such a visual function inspection device includes a restriction pattern setting unit 117, a restriction pattern calling unit 118, and a restriction pattern storage unit 119 in addition to the above-described visual function inspection device.

  The restriction pattern storage unit 119 stores the restriction pattern described above as data. Note that the restriction pattern may include not only restrictions corresponding to the visual function test described above, but also restrictions corresponding to other visual function tests, and may be further added and changed.

  The restriction pattern calling unit 118 calls a restriction pattern corresponding to the visual function test stored in the restriction pattern storage unit 119 in response to the selection of the type of visual function test. The called restriction pattern is supplied to the restriction pattern setting unit 117.

  The restriction pattern setting unit 117 supplies the restriction pattern called by the restriction pattern calling unit 118 to the control unit 114. Thereby, the control unit 114 controls the signal blocking unit 113 to limit the operation signal supplied from the input signal transmission unit 111 to the signal recording unit 112. Alternatively, the restriction pattern setting unit 117 may drive the operation fixing unit 106 by operating the operation unit 115 based on the restriction pattern. Also by this, the restriction pattern setting unit 117 can prevent an erroneous operation and prevent an operation signal based on the erroneous operation from being output.

  According to such a visual function inspection device, by setting the operation restriction content for each inspection item in a pattern, when any visual function inspection is selected, the operation is restricted correspondingly. Can do.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of the present invention. For this reason, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made depending on the design and the like as long as the technical idea according to the present invention is not deviated from this embodiment. Of course, it is possible to change.

  For example, in the visual function testing device described above, only the liquid crystal display unit 1B is used when the first video is presented, and the projectors 2A and 2B are used without using the liquid crystal display unit 1B when the second video is displayed. Explained the case. However, when an image is presented on the dome-shaped screen 1A, it may be displayed by the projectors 2A and 2B and the liquid crystal display unit 1B. Further, when an image including both the dome-shaped screen 1A and the liquid crystal display unit 1B is presented, the image may be displayed by the projectors 2A and 2B and the liquid crystal display unit 1B. In this case, a part of the second video is displayed on the liquid crystal display unit 1B, and the remaining part is displayed on the dome type screen 1A.

  In the visual function inspection apparatus described above, a single projector may be used as the projecting means, and the first video and the second video may be projected only by the single projector. The first video and the second video may be projected by the projector.

  Further, the visual function testing device described above may be configured to detect the viewpoint position of the subject, and may change the first video range in which the first video is presented following the change in the viewpoint position. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1A Dome type screen 1B Liquid crystal display part 2A, 2B Projector 3 Mirror 5 Fixing mechanism 6 Mounting base 11 Screen support part 12, 13 Arm 14 Fixing member 15 Back part 21 Installation base 22 Arm 31 Image | video production | generation means 32 Image | video presentation area setting means 33 First video rendering means 34 First video presentation means 35 Second video rendering means 36 Second video presentation means

Claims (8)

A visual function testing device capable of testing a plurality of visual functions,
First video presentation means for presenting the first video in the first video presentation area;
First video rendering means for rendering a first video to be displayed on the first video presentation means;
Second video presentation means for presenting the second video in the second video presentation area;
Second video rendering means for rendering a second video to be displayed on the second video presentation means;
At least one projection means for projecting an image drawn by the first image drawing means and the second image drawing means;
Video generation means for generating video data including a first video and a second video drawn by the first video drawing means and the second video drawing means;
The first video range of the first video displayed in the first video presentation area and the second video of the second video displayed in the second video presentation area with respect to the video data generated by the video generation means. Video presentation area setting means for setting the range,
The first video presentation means displays the first video in the first video range set by the video presentation area setting means with a resolution that allows visual function inspection with a first visual acuity, and the second video presentation means A visual function inspection device that displays a second video in a second video range set by the video presentation area setting means with a resolution that allows visual function inspection with a second visual acuity.   2. The visual function testing device according to claim 1, wherein the second video presentation unit is formed in a concave shape having an area in which a viewing angle for viewing the second video of the subject is 120 degrees or more. .   The said 1st image | video presentation means is formed in the planar shape which has an area whose viewing angle for seeing a 1st image | video of a test subject is 30 degrees or less, The Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Visual function inspection device.   When the test subject views the first video or the second video, the video generation unit generates the first video or the second video without distortion in the first video presentation unit or the second video presentation unit. The visual function inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising a distortion correction unit configured to correct distortion of the video data.   The first video presentation means displays a first video at a resolution higher than SXGA, and the second video presentation means displays a second video at a resolution higher than VGA. The visual function test | inspection apparatus as described in any one.   At the boundary portion between the first video presentation means and the second video presentation means, the video resolution is gradually decreased from the inside of the first video presentation means toward the terminal portion, and the terminal portion of the first video presentation means is The video processing means for processing the video data generated by the video generation means so as to equalize the video resolution to be displayed and the video resolution displayed on the second video presentation means. The visual function testing device according to claim 5.   The video generation means generates left-eye video data that presents a left-eye video observed by the subject's left eye, and right-eye video data that presents a right-eye video observed by the subject's right eye. The visual function testing device according to claim 1, further comprising binocular separation means for separating and presenting each video data.   The visual function testing device according to claim 7, wherein the left-eye video data and the right-eye video data are changed under a specific condition.