JP5209085B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a vertical alignment liquid crystal display device suitable for electronic equipment such as a television, a personal computer, a monitor device, and a projection display device (projector).

  As a method used in a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) type liquid crystal display (LCD), there is a normally white mode TN (Twisted Nematic) type LCD. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the panel structure and operating principle of a TN type LCD. As shown in the figure, an alignment film is attached on transparent electrodes 12 and 13 formed on a glass substrate by shifting the alignment direction by 90 degrees, and a TN liquid crystal is sandwiched therebetween. Due to the properties of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal in contact with the alignment film is aligned along the alignment direction of the alignment film, and other liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Orientation is such that the direction is twisted 90 degrees. Two polarizing plates 11 and 15 are disposed on both sides of the transparent electrodes 12 and 13 in parallel with the alignment direction of the alignment film.

  When non-polarized light 10 enters the panel having such a structure, the light passing through the polarizing plate 11 becomes linearly polarized light and enters the liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 degrees and aligned, the incident light is twisted by 90 degrees and passes therethrough, so that it can pass through the lower polarizing plate 15. This state is a bright state.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1B, when a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 12 and 13 and a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules stand upright and are twisted. However, since the alignment regulating force is strong on the alignment film surface, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules remains along the alignment film. In such a state, since the liquid crystal molecules are isotropic with respect to the light passing therethrough, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal does not rotate. Accordingly, the linearly polarized light that has passed through the upper polarizing plate 11 cannot pass through the lower polarizing plate 15 and is in a dark state. Thereafter, when the voltage is not applied again, the display returns to the bright state due to the orientation regulating force.

  On the other hand, there is a normally black mode VA (Vertical Aligned) type LCD as a method used in TFT type LCDs. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the panel structure and operating principle of a VA LCD. As shown in the figure, an alignment film is attached on the transparent electrodes 22 and 23 formed on the glass substrate by shifting the alignment direction by 180 degrees, and a negative type (negative dielectric anisotropy) liquid crystal is sandwiched. On both sides of the transparent electrodes 22 and 23, two polarizing plates 21 and 25 are arranged with the polarization axis shifted by 45 degrees from the alignment direction of the alignment film. The polarization axes of these two polarizing plates 21 and 25 are orthogonal. As shown in FIG. 2A, when no voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 22 and 23 and no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules are upright. However, since the alignment regulating force is strong on the surface of the alignment film, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules remains substantially along the alignment film (may be slightly inclined). In such a state, since the liquid crystal molecules are isotropic with respect to the light passing therethrough, when non-polarized light 20 enters the panel, the light passing through the polarizing plate 21 becomes linearly polarized light and enters the liquid crystal. The polarization state of the linearly polarized light does not change. Accordingly, the linearly polarized light that has passed through the upper polarizing plate 21 cannot pass through the lower polarizing plate 25 and is in a dark state.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, when a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 22 and 23 and a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal in contact with the alignment film is aligned with the alignment film due to the properties of the liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the direction and the other liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the liquid crystal molecules, the entire liquid crystal molecules are aligned and tilted in one direction (substantially horizontal to the electrode surface). When non-polarized light 20 enters the panel, the light that has passed through the polarizing plate 21 becomes linearly polarized light and enters the liquid crystal. The light incident on the liquid crystal molecules passes through the lower polarizing plate 25 due to the birefringence effect of the liquid crystal because the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the polarization direction are at an angle of 45 degrees, and the polarization state changes. it can. This state is a bright state. Thereafter, when the voltage is not applied again, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially perpendicular to the electrode surface (substrate surface) due to the alignment regulating force, and the display returns to the dark state.

  VA type LCDs are attracting attention because they have higher display contrast, faster response speed, and better visual characteristics in white display and black display than TN type LCDs.

  Conventionally, various alignment treatments have been proposed to align the liquid crystal of the LCD panel according to the alignment film, but due to the weak alignment regulating force, the alignment is likely to be disturbed by the influence of the electric field, etc., resulting in disclination. There was a problem that it was easy to do. Here, disclination is a portion where the alignment of the liquid crystal becomes discontinuous. Further, when the liquid crystal is aligned by rubbing treatment, although the alignment regulating force is relatively strong, unevenness is likely to occur, and it is difficult to perform stable liquid crystal alignment.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to realize a liquid crystal display device that suppresses disclination and enables stable liquid crystal alignment.

  The above problem is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, in which a first substrate provided with a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode are provided, and a second substrate facing the first substrate. The first and second bus lines arranged in directions orthogonal to each other on the second substrate, and the first and second bus lines so as to cover the second substrate. And a liquid crystal provided between the first and second transparent electrodes, and at least one of the first and second substrates is subjected to a photo-alignment treatment. One of the first and second transparent electrodes has a plurality of slits, and the extending direction of the plurality of slits and the direction of the photo-alignment treatment are parallel to each other. Achieved.

  According to the present invention, disclination can be suppressed and stable liquid crystal alignment can be achieved.

  The third protrusion-like structure may be provided in at least one non-pixel region on the first and second substrates.

  The third protrusion-like structure may be provided alternately on the first and second substrates along the second bus line.

  The third protruding structure may be provided on at least one of the first and second substrates along the second bus line.

  One of the first and second protruding structures may be arranged to pass through the center of the pixel region defined by the first and second bus lines.

  At least one of the width and height of the third projecting structure may be different from that of the first and second projecting structures.

  The pitch of the third projecting structure may be different from the pitch of the first and second projecting structures.

  At least one of the width and height of the third projecting structure is smaller than the first and second projecting structures, and the pitch of the third projecting structure is the first projecting structure. And the structure smaller than the pitch of a 2nd protrusion-like structure may be sufficient.

  By configuring the third protrusion-like structure as described above, it is possible to increase the orientation regulating force and effectively suppress disclination.

  The non-pixel region may be rubbed.

  The liquid crystal display device may further include a blocking layer that blocks at least electric fields from the first and second bus lines in the non-pixel region.

  In these cases, the orientation regulating force can be further increased.

  The liquid crystal display device may further include a layer having a negative refractive index phase difference.

  In this case, a high contrast ratio (CN) can be obtained.

  Of the pixel regions defined by the first and second bus lines, adjacent pixel regions may be driven with a drive voltage having the same polarity.

  In this case, a good alignment regulating force can be obtained.

  The above-described problem is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, in which first and second substrates facing each other, and first and second substrates arranged on the second substrate in directions orthogonal to each other. A bus line; a liquid crystal provided between the first and second substrates; and a protrusion-like structure that regulates alignment of the liquid crystal. The protrusion-like structure includes the first and second protrusions. The first and second substrates have a slope inclined with respect to at least one of the first and second substrates, and are provided on at least one of the first and second substrates in parallel with the first bus line. At least one of them can also be achieved by a liquid crystal display device that has been subjected to a treatment for aligning in the same orientation regulating direction as the orientation regulating orientation of the liquid crystal by the protruding structure.

  According to the present invention, disclination can be suppressed and stable liquid crystal alignment can be achieved by projecting structure alignment and optical alignment.

  The process of aligning in the same alignment control direction as the liquid crystal alignment control direction by the protruding structure may be a photo-alignment process.

  The projecting structure is provided on the first substrate at a position different from the first projecting structure on the second substrate. The structure which consists of the 2nd protrusion-shaped structure made may be sufficient.

  By configuring the protrusion-like structure in this way, it is possible to increase the orientation regulating force and effectively suppress disclination.

  The liquid crystal display device is provided on one of the first and second substrates, and divides each pixel region defined by the first and second bus lines into first and second portions. A storage capacitor electrode may be further provided at a position, and the liquid crystal alignment direction by the photo-alignment may be set to be opposite between the first portion and the second portion.

  In this case, good contrast can be obtained even when the pixel region is substantially rectangular.

  The above problem is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, in which a first substrate provided with a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode are provided, and a second substrate facing the first substrate. The first and second bus lines arranged on the second substrate in directions orthogonal to each other, the liquid crystal provided between the first and second transparent electrodes, and the liquid crystal A projecting structure that regulates the orientation, and the projecting structure has an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to at least one of the first and second substrates, and the first and second transparent structures. It can also be achieved by a liquid crystal display device provided on at least one of the electrodes in parallel with the first bus line, and one of the first and second transparent electrodes having a slit.

  According to the present invention, disclination can be suppressed and stable liquid crystal alignment can be achieved by the alignment of the protruding structure and the alignment by the slit.

  The direction in which the slit extends may be perpendicular to the direction in which the protruding structure extends.

  The slit may be provided on substantially the entire pixel region defined by the first and second bus lines.

  Furthermore, the slit may be provided at least in the vicinity of the second bus line in the pixel area defined by the first and second bus lines.

  By configuring the slit in this way, it is possible to increase the orientation regulating force and effectively suppress disclination.

  The above problem is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, in which a first substrate provided with a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode are provided, and a second substrate facing the first substrate. A first and second bus lines arranged in a direction orthogonal to each other on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal provided between the first and second transparent electrodes, At least one of the first and second substrates is subjected to a photo-alignment treatment that regulates the alignment of the liquid crystal, and one of the first and second transparent electrodes is a liquid crystal display device having a slit. Can also be achieved.

  According to the present invention, disclination can be suppressed and stable liquid crystal alignment can be achieved by optical alignment and alignment by slits.

  The extending direction of the slit may be inclined with respect to the first bus line.

  By configuring the slit in this way, it is possible to increase the orientation regulating force and effectively suppress disclination.

  The above-described problem is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, which is disposed on a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, and directions orthogonal to each other on the second substrate, thereby defining a pixel region. First and second bus lines, liquid crystal provided between the first and second substrates, and first and second projecting structures for regulating the alignment of the liquid crystal, The one protrusion-shaped structure has a slope inclined with respect to the first substrate, and is provided on the first substrate so as to overlap the first bus line in parallel with the first bus line. The second protrusion-shaped structure has a slope inclined with respect to the second substrate, and the substantially central portion of the pixel region is formed on the second substrate in parallel with the first bus line. The width of the first protruding structure is larger than the width of the second protruding structure and partially overlaps the pixel region. It can also be achieved by a liquid crystal display device.

  The liquid crystal may have negative dielectric anisotropy.

  The alignment orientation of the liquid crystal may be set reversely with the central portion of the liquid crystal display device as a boundary.

  The liquid crystal display device may further include a light source that causes light to enter the liquid crystal with a tilt angle of 0 degrees.

  The liquid crystal display device may further include a light source that makes light incident on the liquid crystal through a negative refractive index phase difference plate with a tilt angle.

  In these cases, uniform and high contrast can be obtained.

  An object of the present invention is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, which includes a substrate, first and second bus lines arranged on the substrate in directions orthogonal to each other and defining a pixel region, and the substrate A transistor provided on the substrate; a contact electrode provided on the substrate and connected to the transistor; and the first and second bus lines, the transistor and the contact electrode are covered on the substrate. A flattening layer provided; a groove provided on the flattening layer and extending diagonally through the pixel region; and a transparent electrode provided on the flattening layer and connected to the contact electrode through the groove. It can also be achieved by a liquid crystal display device comprising

  According to the present invention, the groove acts like the above-mentioned projecting structure to achieve good orientation, and disclination can be suppressed.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device that suppresses disclination and enables stable liquid crystal alignment.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device that suppresses disclination and enables stable liquid crystal alignment.

It is a figure explaining the panel structure and operating principle of TN type | mold LCD. It is a figure explaining the panel structure and operating principle of VA type | mold LCD. It is sectional drawing explaining the disclination which generate | occur | produces in VA type | mold LCD. It is sectional drawing explaining the case where a bank is provided in the transparent electrode of VA type | mold LCD. It is a top view which shows VA type LCD shown in FIG. It is a top view explaining the disclination at the time of performing an alignment process by irradiating UV light to a vertical alignment film from an oblique direction. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 1st Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 2nd Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the disclination which generate | occur | produces in 2nd Example. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 3rd Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 4th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 5th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 6th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows the principal part of 7th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of 8th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a figure which shows the visual characteristic of the liquid crystal display device in which the film as shown in FIG. 15 is not arrange | positioned. It is a figure which shows the visual characteristic of the liquid crystal display device with which a film as shown in FIG. 15 is arrange | positioned. It is a figure which shows the disclination in the case of 1st Example. It is a figure which shows the disclination in the case of 2nd Example shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the disclination in the case of 3rd Example shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the drive voltage applied in an adjacent pixel area | region in 2nd Example. It is sectional drawing explaining the drive voltage applied in the adjacent pixel area | region in 9th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the process which irradiates UV light with respect to the board | substrate which has a bank in 10th Example of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of 10th Example. It is a top view of 10th Example. It is a top view which shows 11th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the process which irradiates UV light with respect to the board | substrate which has a bank in 12th Example of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of 12th Example. It is a top view of 12th Example. It is a top view which shows 13th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows 14th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows 15th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows 16th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view explaining the disclination which generate | occur | produces when optical alignment is performed in the direction of 45 degree | times. It is a top view which shows the 17th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows 18th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows the 19th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows 20th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows 21st Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a top view which shows 22nd Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows 22nd Example of a liquid crystal display device. It is a top view which shows 23rd Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows 23rd Example of a liquid crystal display device. It is sectional drawing which shows 23rd Example of a liquid crystal display device. It is a figure in 24th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a 25th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention. It is a figure of 26th Example of the liquid crystal display device which becomes this invention.

  The embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

  First, a VA LCD to which the present invention can be applied will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the disclination occurring in the VA LCD, and shows a liquid crystal panel excluding the polarizing plate of the VA LCD.

  In FIG. 3, transparent electrodes 32 and 42, data bus lines 45, and the like are formed on glass substrates 31 and 41, and surfaces (41, 42, 45, and 32 surfaces that are in contact with the liquid crystal layer so as to cover them). ) Is formed with a vertical alignment film (not shown) subjected to vertical alignment treatment. When a voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 32 on the opposite glass substrate 31 and the transparent electrode 42 on the TFT side glass substrate 41, the liquid crystal molecules 30 constituting the liquid crystal layer 300 are applied in the normal alignment region 35. Depending on the orientation. The figure shows a state in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are vertically aligned. On the other hand, when viewed from the data bus line 45 on the glass substrate 41, an electric field 40 as shown by a broken line in the figure is generated, so that the regions 36 with disordered orientation, that is, disclinations are formed on both sides of the normal orientation region 35. Occur.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, it is conceivable to provide banks 33 and 43 on the opposing transparent electrodes 32 and 42, respectively, to reduce the disclination area. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 4A shows a state in which no voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42, and FIG. 4B shows a state in which a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42. FIG.

  In the present specification, a projecting structure having a slope inclined with respect to the substrate is referred to as a “bank”.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the VA LCD shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the same parts as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In FIG. 5, the data bus line 45, the gate bus line 46 and the TFT 47 are provided on the glass substrate 41. Reference numeral 48 denotes a pixel region. The banks 33 and 43 are provided in parallel with the gate bus line 46. However, in the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 5, it has been found that the disclination 49 occurs along the data bus line 45.

  On the other hand, when alignment processing is performed by irradiating the vertical alignment film with ultraviolet rays (UV: Ultra Violet light) from an oblique direction, disclination 49 is generated along the gate bus line 46 as shown in FIG. I found out that In FIG. 6, the same parts as those in FIG.

  Therefore, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has a configuration that suppresses the disclination as described above.

  FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the main part of the first embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the following description, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises at least a liquid crystal panel.

  In this embodiment, the auxiliary banks 33 a and 43 a are alternately provided along the data bus line 45 in the non-pixel region 50 other than the pixel region 48. The auxiliary bank 33 a is provided on the transparent electrode 32 side of the glass substrate 31, and the auxiliary bank 43 a is provided on the transparent electrode 42 side of the glass substrate 41. The pitch of the banks 33 and 43 in the pixel region 48 is, for example, 80 μm, and the pitch of the auxiliary banks 33a and 43a in the non-pixel region 50 is set to, for example, 25 μm. That is, since the pitch of the auxiliary banks 33a and 43a in the non-pixel area 50 is set smaller than the pitch of the banks 33 and 43 in the pixel area 48, the alignment restriction force in the vicinity of the data bus line 45 is increased to increase the data bus line 45. Thus, the influence of the electric field generated from the can be reduced.

  FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an essential part of a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the auxiliary bank 53 is provided in parallel along the data bus line 45. The auxiliary bank 53 is provided on the transparent electrode 32 side of the glass substrate 31. Thus, by providing the auxiliary bank 53 extending in a direction orthogonal to the banks 33 and 43, declination can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the pitch of the banks 33 and 43 is, for example, 40 μm, and the pitch of the auxiliary bank 53 is, for example, 80 μm. The widths of the banks 33, 43, 53 along the direction substantially parallel to the glass substrates 31, 41 are 5 μm, respectively, and the heights along the direction substantially perpendicular to the glass substrates 31, 41 are 1 μm, respectively.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the disclination that occurs in the present embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 and 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 9, when a voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 32 on the glass substrate 31 and the transparent electrode 42 on the glass substrate 41, the liquid crystal molecules 30 are applied to the transparent electrodes 32 and 42 in the normal alignment region 35-1. For example, it is oriented vertically. Further, when viewed from the data bus line 45 on the glass substrate 41, an electric field 40 as shown by a broken line in the figure is generated, so that the disclination regions on both sides of the normal orientation region 35-1 are the same as in the case of FIG. Compared to the normal alignment region 35 in FIG. 3, the normal alignment region 35-1 is greatly reduced.

  The inventors incorporated the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment into a liquid crystal panel projection type projector, and compared it with a liquid crystal panel projection type projector incorporating a conventional TN type liquid crystal display device. When the device was used, the contrast ratio (CR: Contrast Ratio) was about 100, whereas when the liquid crystal display device of this example was used, it was confirmed that CR could be improved to CR> 300.

  As a modification of the present embodiment, the auxiliary bank on the glass substrate 31 side and the alignment bank on the glass substrate 41 side may be overlapped to provide no spacer. In this case, disorder of alignment due to the spacer can be prevented.

  FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an essential part of a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the pitch of the banks 33 and 43 and the pitch of the auxiliary bank 53 are, for example, 80 μm. The widths of the banks 33 and 43 along the direction substantially parallel to the glass substrates 31 and 41 are each 10 μm, and the heights along the direction substantially perpendicular to the glass substrates 31 and 41 are 1.5 μm, respectively. On the other hand, the width of the auxiliary bank 53 along the direction substantially parallel to the glass substrates 31 and 41 is 5 μm, and the height along the direction substantially perpendicular to the glass substrates 31 and 41 is 1 μm.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce declination particularly in the vicinity of the data bus line 45.

  FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an essential part of a fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, in the non-pixel region 50, that is, for the alignment film on the glass substrate 31 side facing the data bus line 45, an alignment process such as an optical alignment process or a rubbing process is performed in a direction parallel to the gate bus line 46. Apply. In this way, the disclination in the vicinity of the data bus line 45 can be reduced by performing the orientation process having a strong orientation regulating force in the vicinity of the data bus line 45 in which disclination is likely to occur.

  The inventors incorporated the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment into a liquid crystal panel projection type projector, and compared it with a liquid crystal panel projection type projector incorporating a conventional TN type liquid crystal display device. It was confirmed that CR can be improved to CR> 300 when the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is used, while CR is about 100 when the device is used.

  FIG. 12 is a plan view showing an essential part of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, in regions other than the pixel region 48, the alignment film on the glass substrates 31 and 41 is subjected to a rubbing process in the same direction as the direction in which the alignment film performs photo-alignment. Specifically, among the alignment films, the non-pixel region 50 facing the data bus line 45, the non-pixel region 51 facing the gate bus line 46, and the non-pixel region 52 facing the TFT 47 are transmitted to the alignment film. A rubbing process is performed in the same direction as the orientation direction. Thereby, the disclination in the vicinity of the data bus line 45, the gate bus line 46, and the TFT 47 can be reduced.

  FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an essential part of a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, a resist resin film 55 that is an insulating member is provided in the non-pixel region 50, that is, on the data bus line 45. Since the resist resin film 55 blocks the electric field generated by the data bus line 45, disclination in the vicinity of the data bus line 45 can be reduced.

  FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an essential part of a seventh embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 12 and 13 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, resist resin films 55, 56, and 57 that are insulating members are provided in the non-pixel regions 50, 51, and 52 other than the pixel region 48. Specifically, a resist resin film 55 that is an insulating member is provided on the data bus line 45, a resist resin film 56 that is an insulating member is provided on the gate bus line 46, and a resist resin film that is an insulating member is provided on the TFT 47. 57 is provided. Since the resist resin films 55, 56, and 57 block the electric field generated by the data bus line 45, the gate bus line 46, and the TFT 47, respectively, the disclination in the vicinity of the data bus line 45, the gate bus line 46, and the TFT 47 can be reduced. it can.

  FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing an essential part of an eighth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.

  This embodiment is characterized in that both or at least one of the films 301 and 302 having a negative refractive index phase difference is arranged between the liquid crystal panel 310 having the configuration as in each of the above embodiments and the polarizing plates 21 and 25. And In this embodiment, the sum of Δnd ((nx + ny) / 2−nz) × d) of the films 301 and 302 is the same as Δnd of the liquid crystal panel 310. Here, d indicates the cell thickness, and Δn = n // − n⊥.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram showing visual characteristics of a liquid crystal display device in which the films 301 and 302 as shown in FIG. 15 are not arranged. On the other hand, FIG. 17 is a diagram showing visual characteristics of a liquid crystal display device in which films 301 and 302 as shown in FIG. 15 are arranged. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 17 with FIG. 16, according to the present embodiment, it was confirmed that the range of CR> 10 was greatly expanded, and a liquid crystal display device with good characteristics could be realized.

  Next, data obtained by the inventors through experiments will be described. 18 to 20 are diagrams (photographs) showing experimental data, respectively.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the disclination in the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7, and the black portion shows the portion where the alignment defect has occurred.

  FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the disclination in the case of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8, and the black portion shows the portion where the alignment defect has occurred.

  FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the disclination in the case of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and the black portion shows the portion where the alignment failure occurs.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 18 to 20, according to the above example, it was confirmed that the occurrence of orientation failure, that is, disclination can be effectively suppressed.

  Next, a description will be given of a ninth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

  In the second embodiment, the voltage applied between the transparent electrodes 32, 42, that is, the drive voltage is set to the opposite polarity between the adjacent pixel regions 48 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 21, the same parts as those in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the case of FIG. 21, a driving voltage of +5 V is applied to the left pixel region 48, and a driving voltage of −5 V is applied to the right pixel region 48.

  On the other hand, in the ninth embodiment, the drive voltage is set to the same polarity between adjacent pixel regions 48 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 22, the same parts as those of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 22, a driving voltage of + 5V is applied to the left pixel region 48, and a driving voltage of + 5V is also applied to the right pixel region 48. For this reason, compared with the case of FIG. 21, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 30 at the boundary portion of each pixel region 48 is further improved. This is because the potential difference of the driving voltage between the adjacent pixel regions 48 is small, so that the electric field generated in the horizontal direction in FIG. 22 is small and hardly affects the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 30.

  Next, a description will be given of a tenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by referring to FIGS. In this embodiment, the bank alignment and the photo alignment are combined.

  FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of irradiating a substrate having a bank with UV light in this embodiment, and FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of this embodiment. FIG. 25 is a plan view of this embodiment. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along AB in FIG. 25, and FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along CD in FIG. 23 to 25, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 23, the TFT side glass substrate 41 on which the bank 43 is formed is subjected to an alignment process of irradiating UV light, and the counter side glass substrate 31 on which the bank 33 is formed is applied. However, the same alignment treatment is performed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 24, the liquid crystal molecules 30 are aligned by UV light in addition to the alignment by the banks 33 and 43, and the disclination is effectively suppressed by the combination of the bank alignment and the photo alignment. The

  The vertical alignment film in this example is composed of a polyimide vertical alignment film JALS-204 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., and the liquid crystal is a negative type liquid crystal MLC-6608 manufactured by Merck. The banks 33 and 43 are made of a photosensitive resist manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., particularly a resist called a leveling agent. This photosensitive resist can change the shape of the pattern depending on the light irradiation intensity, baking temperature, composition, etc., and by adopting appropriate baking conditions, the shape of the banks 33 and 43 can be roughly made into a semi-cylindrical shape. can do. The heights of the banks 33 and 43 are set in the range of 0.5 μm to 5 μm, and the width is set in the range of 2 μm to 10 μm.

  According to the experiments by the present inventors, it is confirmed that setting the height of the banks 33 and 43 to 5 μm or more is not preferable because it affects the cell thickness or prevents liquid crystal from being injected. It was. Furthermore, it was confirmed that when the width of the banks 33 and 43 is set to 2 μm or less, the regulation ability of the bank orientation is lowered.

  The banks 33 and 43 can be formed into a generally semi-cylindrical shape by, for example, spin-coating a resin on the corresponding glass substrates 31 and 41, forming a bank by a photolithography technique, and further curing at 180 ° C., for example.

As UV light, light containing UV light having a wavelength of around 250 nm was used, and the surface of the glass substrate 41 or 31 was irradiated within a range of 10 to 45 degrees. The intensity of this UV light is about 29 mW / cm ² when the glass substrate 41 is irradiated from the front. With respect to the polyimide-based alignment film used in this example, the best alignment could be obtained by irradiating with UV light from an angle of 45 degrees for 60 seconds. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal (the angle formed by the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules with the substrate) was set to 80 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. In particular, when the pretilt angle was set within the range of 85 to 88 degrees, good contrast and orientation could be obtained.

  In this embodiment, the banks 33 and 43 are arranged as shown in FIG. In the figure, assuming that the TFT side glass substrate 41 is on the back side of the paper surface and the opposite side glass substrate 31 is on the front side of the paper surface, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned by the bank alignment by applying a driving voltage between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42. 30 is oriented so as to incline upward from the vertical direction. In accordance with this, UV light for photo-alignment is irradiated so that the liquid crystal molecules 30 are aligned so as to incline from the vertical state toward the upper side of the drawing with the application of the drive voltage.

  FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an eleventh embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. For example, in the tenth embodiment, the pixel area is approximately square and the mono domain is assumed. However, in this embodiment, the pixel area is vertically elongated and divided into two as shown in FIG. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the auxiliary capacitance electrode 61 is formed on the TFT side glass substrate 41 in parallel with the gate bus line 46, and as shown in FIG. 26, the pixel area is a pair of pixel area portions 48-1, 48-. Divided into two.

  Further, on the right side of the pixel region portion 48-1, a bank 62 is formed on the opposite side glass substrate 31, and on the right side thereof, a bank 63 is formed on the TFT side glass substrate 41. A bank 63 is formed on the left side of the pixel region portion 48-1 toward the TFT side glass substrate 41, and a bank 62 is formed on the opposite side glass substrate 31 on the left side of the bank. On the other hand, on the left side of the pixel region portion 48-2, a bank 62 is formed toward the opposite glass substrate 31, and a bank 63 is formed on the TFT side glass substrate 41 on the left side thereof. A bank 63 is formed on the TFT side glass substrate 41 on the right side of the pixel region portion 48-2, and a bank 62 is formed on the opposite side glass substrate 31 on the right side thereof.

  By providing the banks 62 and 63 in parallel with the data bus line 45 as described above, the liquid crystal molecules 30 are inclined to the right as indicated by arrows in the figure due to the bank alignment, In the pixel region portion 48-2, the liquid crystal molecules 30 are oriented to the left as indicated by the arrows in FIG. Further, by irradiating UV light through the optical mask, the direction in which the UV light is irradiated in the pixel region portion 48-1 and the pixel region portion 48-2 is reversed.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the tenth embodiment is applied to the alignment division.

  Next, a twelfth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Also in this embodiment, the bank alignment and the photo alignment are combined.

  FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of irradiating a substrate having a bank with UV light in this embodiment, and FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of this embodiment. FIG. 29 is a plan view of this embodiment. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along EF in FIG. 29, and FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view taken along GH in FIG. 27 to 29, the same portions as those in FIGS. 23 to 25 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the bank 43 provided on the TFT side glass substrate 41 in the tenth embodiment is omitted. This is because, in the region surrounded by the broken line in FIG. 28, the electrolysis promotes the inclination of the liquid crystal molecules 30, and even when the bank 43 is not provided, it is difficult for the decimation to occur.

  FIG. 30 is a plan view showing a thirteenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the pixel region is elongated in the vertical direction, and is divided into two as shown in FIG. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 27 to 29 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  That is, in this embodiment, the twelfth embodiment is applied to the alignment division.

  Next, a fourteenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing the fourteenth embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 27 to 29 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, photo-alignment is performed only on the TFT side glass substrate 41, and the alignment is performed by combining three types of alignments: photo-alignment, bank alignment, and alignment by a horizontal electric field as in the eleventh embodiment. Used. Thus, even if the photo-alignment is omitted with respect to one glass substrate, the disclination can be effectively suppressed as described above.

  Next, a description will be given of a fifteenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by referring to FIG. FIG. 32 is a plan view showing the fifteenth embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 25 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, a slit 42 a is formed in the transparent electrode 42 on the TFT side glass substrate 41. Each slit 42 a extends in a direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted, that is, in a direction orthogonal to the banks 33 and 43. When the interval between the slits 42a is narrow, when a driving voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42, the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules 30 tend to be inclined in a direction parallel to the slit 42a. Therefore, disclination can be suppressed by performing orientation by the slit 42a in addition to bank orientation by the banks 33 and 43.

  The slit 42 a can be formed by arranging the pattern of the slit 42 a on a photomask used when the transparent electrode 42 is formed on the TFT side glass substrate 41. That is, the transparent electrode 42 is usually patterned according to the size of each pixel region 48. In this embodiment, the slits 42a are formed simultaneously in this patterning step. Other portions can be formed in the same manner as in the tenth embodiment.

  According to the experiments by the present inventors, it is confirmed that it is effective to set the pitch of the slit 42a within the range of 1.5 to 5 times the width of the slit 42a in the range of the width of the slit 42a from 1 μm to 10 μm. did it. The pitch of the slits 42a was particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 μm to 20 μm. More preferably, the width of the slits 42a is 5 μm and the pitch of the slits 42a is 10 μm. It was also confirmed that the alignment by the slit 42a was particularly good when the width of the slit 42a was the same as the distance between the adjacent slits 42a.

  Next, a sixteenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 33 is a plan view showing the sixteenth embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 25 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, slits 32 a are formed in the transparent electrode 32 on the opposite glass substrate 31. Each slit 32 a extends in a direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted, that is, in a direction orthogonal to the banks 33 and 43. When the interval between the slits 32a is narrow, when a driving voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42, the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules 30 tend to be inclined in a direction parallel to the slit 32a. Therefore, disclination can be suppressed by performing orientation by the slit 32a in addition to bank orientation by the banks 33 and 43. The effect of the slit 32a is substantially the same as the effect of the slit 42a.

  In the fifteenth embodiment, since the slit 42a is formed in the transparent electrode 42 on the TFT side, electrical conduction is possible. Therefore, the slit 42a cannot be formed up to the end of the pixel region 48. On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the slit 32a is formed in the transparent electrode 32 on the opposite side, a step of forming the slit 32a by a photolithography technique is required separately from the fifteenth embodiment. Since the slit 32a can be formed so as to cover the entire pixel region 48, the orientation by the slit 32a acts more strongly, and the disclination suppressing effect is further improved.

  By the way, according to experiments by the present inventors, it has been found that disclination 49b as shown in FIG. 34 occurs when the photo-alignment is performed at an orientation of 45 degrees. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. In this disclination 49b, the orientation in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 incline and the orientation of the lateral electric field are shifted by 45 degrees, and therefore the orientation in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 incline changes continuously. Therefore, in the seventeenth and eighteenth embodiments of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention described below, the optical alignment and the alignment by the slits as in the fifteenth and sixteenth embodiments are used in combination.

  FIG. 35 is a plan view showing a seventeenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 32 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

In this example, light containing UV light having a wavelength of around 250 nm was used as UV light, and the surface of the glass substrate 41 was irradiated within a range of 10 degrees to 45 degrees. The intensity of this UV light is about 29 mW / cm ² when the glass substrate 41 is irradiated from the front. With respect to the polyimide-based alignment film used in this example, the best alignment could be obtained by irradiating with UV light from an angle of 45 degrees for 60 seconds. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal was set to 80 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. In particular, when the pretilt angle was set within the range of 85 to 88 degrees, good contrast and orientation could be obtained.

  On the other hand, a slit 42 b is formed in the transparent electrode 42 on the TFT side glass substrate 41. Each slit 42 b extends in a direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted, that is, in a direction inclined by 30 degrees or more with respect to the data bus line 45. In the present embodiment, the slit 42 b extends in a direction inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the data bus line 45. When the interval between the slits 42b is narrow, the liquid crystal molecules 30 that are vertically aligned tend to tilt in a direction parallel to the slit 42b when a driving voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42. Therefore, disclination can be suppressed by performing alignment by the slit 42b in addition to optical alignment.

  The formation method and dimensions of the slit 42b are the same as in the fifteenth embodiment.

  FIG. 36 is a plan view showing an eighteenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 33 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, in addition to the same optical orientation as that in the seventeenth embodiment, a slit 32b is formed in the transparent electrode 32 on the opposite glass substrate 31. Each slit 32 b extends in a direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted, that is, in a direction inclined by 30 degrees or more with respect to the data bus line 45. In the present embodiment, the slit 32 b extends in a direction inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the data bus line 45. When the interval between the slits 32b is narrow, the liquid crystal molecules 30 that are vertically aligned tend to tilt in a direction parallel to the slits 32b when a driving voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 32 and 42. Therefore, disclination can be suppressed by performing alignment by the slit 32b in addition to optical alignment. The effect of the slit 32b is substantially the same as the effect of the slit 42b.

  Next, a nineteenth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 37 is a plan view showing the nineteenth embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 32 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the slit 42 a is provided only in the vicinity of the data bus line 45 of the transparent electrode 42. As described above, it has been confirmed by experiments of the present inventors that even if the slit 42a is provided only in the vicinity of the data bus line 45, the influence of the lateral electric field can be satisfactorily suppressed.

  Next, a description will be given of a twentieth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by referring to FIG. FIG. 38 is a plan view showing the twentieth embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 33 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the slit 32 a is provided only in the vicinity of the data bus line 45 of the transparent electrode 32. Thus, it has been confirmed by experiments of the present inventors that the influence of the transverse electric field can be satisfactorily suppressed even if the slit 32a is provided only in the vicinity of the data bus line 45.

  Needless to say, the nineteenth embodiment may be applied to the seventeenth embodiment or the twentieth embodiment may be applied to the eighteenth embodiment.

  Next, a twenty-first embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 39 is a plan view showing the twenty-first embodiment. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 to 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  Considering the aperture ratio and symmetry of the projection panel, it is desirable to provide the bank parallel to the data bus line 45 or parallel to the gate bus line 46. However, in consideration of the turning angle from the light source, when the bank is provided in parallel with the gate bus line 46, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 30 with the application of the driving voltage becomes close to the incident angle of the light from the light source. An alignment region may occur. In such an alignment region, there is a possibility that white luminance is reduced or gradation of black display is reversed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the banks 53 and 54 are provided in parallel with the data bus line 45 as shown in FIG.

  The bank 53 is provided on the TFT side glass substrate 41, and the bank 54 is provided on the counter side glass substrate 31. The bank 53 is disposed so as to overlap the data bus line 45 and to partially overlap the peripheral portion of the pixel region 48, that is, the peripheral portion of the transparent electrode 42 corresponding to the pixel region 48. On the other hand, the bank 54 is disposed so as to pass through the approximate center of the pixel region 48. The width of the bank 53 is set larger than the width of the bank 54. By using the arrangement of the banks 53 and 54, the orientation directions of the right portion 48 </ b> A of the bank 54 and the left portion 48 </ b> B of the bank 54 are opposite to each other in each pixel region 48. Therefore, by setting the vertical direction of the pixel region 48 to a good azimuth of visual characteristics of the liquid crystal panel, that is, a direction that is 90 degrees different from the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 tilt, a good display screen in the liquid crystal panel projection type projector. Can be obtained.

  The reason why the bank 53 is arranged so as to partially overlap the peripheral portion of the pixel region 48 is to suppress the influence of the electric field by the transparent electrode 42 corresponding to the pixel region 48.

  For example, in this embodiment, the bank 53 has a width of 15 μm and a height of 1 μm. On the other hand, the bank 54 has a width of 5 μm and a height of 1 μm.

  Further, the bank 54 may be provided on the TFT side glass substrate 41 and the bank 53 may be provided on the counter side glass substrate 31.

  Next, a description will be given of a twenty-second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by referring to FIGS. 40 is a plan view showing the twenty-second embodiment, and FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EF in FIG. 40 and 41, the same parts as those in FIGS. 3 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 41, a data bus line 45, a TFT 47, and a contact electrode 71 are provided on a TFT side glass substrate 41, and a planarizing layer 72 made of resin is provided thereon. As shown in FIG. 40, a contact hole 73 is formed in the planarizing layer 72, and the transparent electrode 42 is connected to, for example, the drain of the TFT 47 through the contact hole 73 and the contact electrode 71. With such a configuration, the aperture ratio can be improved.

  Next, a description will be given of a twenty-third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by referring to FIGS. FIG. 42 is a plan view showing the 23rd embodiment. 43 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GH in FIG. FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view along IJ in FIG. 42 to 44, the same portions as those in FIGS. 40 and 41 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 42 and 43, the contact hole 73 is omitted, and the contact electrode 71-1 is used as both the contact electrode 71 and the contact hole 73. The contact electrode 71-1 is arranged substantially diagonally with respect to each pixel region 48. Further, the upper portion of the contact electrode 71-1 is a groove 77 formed in the planarizing layer 72, and the cross section of the groove 77 has a tapered cross section as shown in FIG. Since the electrode 42 is formed on the planarizing layer 72 including the groove 77, the function of regulating the orientation direction can be realized.

  Next, a twenty-fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a twenty-fourth embodiment of a liquid crystal display device, and shows a schematic configuration of a projection type liquid crystal display device, that is, a liquid crystal panel projection type projector when a VA type LCD is adopted.

  In FIG. 45, the liquid crystal panel projection type projector generally includes a light source 81, a condenser lens 82, a liquid crystal panel 83, a projection lens 84, and a screen 85. The polarizing plates 87a and 87b may be part of the liquid crystal panel 83 or may be separate members. The polarizing plate 87a has an absorption axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the polarizing plate 87b has an absorption axis in the vertical direction in FIG. 45 parallel to the paper surface.

  The light source has, for example, an arc length of 1.2 mm and is a 120 W metal halide lamp. The liquid crystal panel 83 has the configuration of any of the first to twenty-third embodiments, and the cell thickness is, for example, 4 μm. Light from the light source 81 enters the liquid crystal panel 83 through the condenser lens 82 with a predetermined tilt angle. The liquid crystal panel 83 projects the light focused by the condenser lens 82 onto the screen 85 via the projection lens 84, and an image on the liquid crystal panel 83 is displayed on the screen 85. According to this embodiment, it is possible to display an image with high contrast.

  Next, a description will be given of a twenty-fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by referring to FIG. FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a twenty-fifth embodiment of a liquid crystal display device, and shows a schematic configuration of a projection liquid crystal display device, that is, a liquid crystal panel projection projector, when a VA LCD is adopted. In FIG. 46, the same portions as those in FIG. 45 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 46, the liquid crystal panel 83A has the structure of any one of the first to twenty-third embodiments and includes a negative refractive index phase difference plate 91. Δnd of the negative refractive index phase difference plate 91 is set to be the same as Δnd of the liquid crystal panel 83A.

  According to the experiments by the present inventors, when the angle of light from the light source 81 is stopped by the condenser lens 82 and light is incident on the liquid crystal panel 83A from the front, the light is incident on the liquid crystal panel 83A at a maximum incident angle of 10 degrees. I was able to confirm. Therefore, in this embodiment, the tilt angle is set to 10 degrees, and the light is incident on the liquid crystal panel 83A so that the incident angle is plus 0 degrees and minus 20 degrees. As a result, the incident angle of light on the liquid crystal panel 83A is set to be as low as 10 degrees or less, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted is closer to the direction perpendicular to the incident light. This is a further improvement over the twenty-fourth embodiment.

  Next, a twenty-sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 47 is a diagram showing a twenty-sixth embodiment of a liquid crystal display device, and shows a schematic configuration of a projection liquid crystal display device, that is, a liquid crystal panel projection projector, when a VA LCD is adopted. In FIG. 47, the same portions as those in FIG. 45 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 47, the liquid crystal panel 83B has the configuration of any of the first to twenty-third embodiments, and is aligned so that the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted in opposite directions in the upper half and the lower half of the liquid crystal panel 83B. Is set. As a result, even if the tilt angle is 0 degree, the incident angle of the light to the liquid crystal panel 83B is set as low as 10 degrees or less, and even if the tilt angle is 0 degree, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 30 are tilted is incident light. Therefore, the uniformity and contrast of the display screen were further improved over the twenty-fourth embodiment.

  Needless to say, the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined as appropriate according to desired characteristics.

  The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and improvements can be made within the scope of the present invention.

31, 41 Glass substrate 32, 42 Transparent electrodes 33, 43, 43a, 53 Bank 35, 35-1 Normal orientation region 36 Disclination region 45 Data bus line 46 Gate bus line 47 TFT
48 pixel region 49 disclination 50, 51, 52 non-pixel region 55, 56, 57 resist resin film

Claims (7)

A vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device,
A first substrate provided with a first transparent electrode;
A second substrate provided with a second transparent electrode and facing the first substrate;
First and second bus lines arranged on the second substrate in directions orthogonal to each other;
A planarization layer provided on the second substrate so as to cover the first and second bus lines;
A liquid crystal provided between the first and second transparent electrodes,
At least one of the first and second substrates has been subjected to photo-alignment treatment,
One of the first and second transparent electrodes has a plurality of slits,
The liquid crystal display device, wherein a direction in which the plurality of slits extend and a direction of the optical alignment treatment are parallel to each other.   2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a pitch of the plurality of slits is set in a range of 1.5 to 5 times a slit width.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the molecules of the liquid crystal are inclined in a direction parallel to the slit when a voltage is applied between the first and second transparent electrodes.   3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a pretilt angle between a major axis of molecules of the front liquid crystal and the first or second substrate is not less than 80 degrees and not more than 90 degrees.   5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a resist resin film is provided in a non-pixel region other than the pixel region defined by the first and second bus lines. 6. . Wherein in each outer side of the first substrate and the second substrate is provided a polarizing plate, at least one of between and between the second substrate and the polarizing plate and the first substrate and the polarizing plate The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , wherein a film having a retardation is disposed. One of the first and second bus lines is a data bus line;
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the slit is formed in a direction inclined by approximately 45 degrees with respect to the data line.