JP5194339B2 - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display element Download PDF

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JP5194339B2
JP5194339B2 JP2005189855A JP2005189855A JP5194339B2 JP 5194339 B2 JP5194339 B2 JP 5194339B2 JP 2005189855 A JP2005189855 A JP 2005189855A JP 2005189855 A JP2005189855 A JP 2005189855A JP 5194339 B2 JP5194339 B2 JP 5194339B2
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liquid crystal
main surface
electrode
viewing angle
substrate
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JP2007010870A (en
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利晴 西野
英裕 森田
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2005189855A priority Critical patent/JP5194339B2/en
Priority to US11/475,620 priority patent/US20070002192A1/en
Priority to TW095123330A priority patent/TWI352230B/en
Priority to KR1020060058562A priority patent/KR100856618B1/en
Priority to CNB2006100957070A priority patent/CN100510863C/en
Priority to CN200910146815.XA priority patent/CN101587255B/en
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Priority to HK07104114.6A priority patent/HK1097920A1/en
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Description

この発明は、横電界制御型の液晶表示素子に関する。   The present invention relates to a lateral electric field control type liquid crystal display element.

液晶表示素子として、間隙を存して対向する観察側とその反対側の一対の基板間に液晶を封入し、前記一対の基板の互いに対向する内面のうち、一方の基板の内面に、互いに絶縁して、それぞれの間への表示駆動電圧の供給によりその間に前記基板面と実質的に平行な方向の横電界を生成する第１と第２の表示用電極を設けた横電界制御型のものがある（特許文献１、２参照）。   As a liquid crystal display element, liquid crystal is sealed between a pair of substrates on the opposite side and an observation side facing each other with a gap, and the inner surfaces of one of the pair of substrates are insulated from each other on the inner surface of one of the substrates. A lateral electric field control type provided with first and second display electrodes that generate a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate surface between them by supplying a display driving voltage therebetween. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2).

この横電界制御型液晶表示素子は、前記一方の基板の内面の第１と第２の表示用電極間に画像データに対応する表示駆動電圧を供給し、これらの表示用電極間に生成した横電界により液晶分子の配向方位（分子長軸の向き）を前記基板面と実質的に平行な面内で制御して画像を表示するものであり、広い視野角を有している。
特開平 ９―１５９９９６号公報 特開平１１―２０２３５６号公報 This horizontal electric field control type liquid crystal display element supplies a display drive voltage corresponding to image data between the first and second display electrodes on the inner surface of the one substrate, and generates a horizontal voltage generated between these display electrodes. An image is displayed by controlling the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules (direction of the molecular major axis) in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate surface by an electric field, and has a wide viewing angle.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-159996 JP-A-11-202356

しかし、前記横電界制御型の液晶表示素子は、観察側から加わる静電気が、横電界による液晶分子の配向方位の制御に大きく影響するため、観察側の面に指等の帯電物を触れたり近付けたりしたときに、表示が不安定になるという問題をもっている。   However, in the lateral electric field control type liquid crystal display element, since static electricity applied from the observation side greatly affects the control of the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules by the lateral electric field, a charged object such as a finger is touched or brought close to the observation side surface. The display becomes unstable.

この発明は、観察側からの静電気の影響を受けない安定した表示を行なうことができ、しかも、構造をほとんど複雑化及び厚型化させることなくタッチ入力機能を備えさせ、さらに、タッチ入力の影響が残らない表示を行なうことができる液晶表示素子を提供することを目的としたものである。   The present invention can provide stable display that is not affected by static electricity from the observation side, has a touch input function with almost no complexity and thickness, and has the effect of touch input. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element capable of performing a display with no remaining.

請求項１に記載の発明に係る液晶表示素子は、平板状に形成されて第１の主面と第２の主面とを有し、前記第１の主面に透明な第１の導電膜が形成された第１の基板と、平板状に形成されて第３の主面と第４の主面とを有し、前記第３の主面が前記第２の主面と対向するようにシール材によって前記第１の基板に貼り合わされた第２の基板と、前記第１の基板と前記第２の基板との間に配置され、前記第２の主面及び前記第３の主面に対して平行に液晶分子が配向する液晶層と、平板状に形成されて第５の主面と第６の主面とを有し、前記第６の主面に透明な第２の導電膜が形成され、前記第６の主面が前記第１の主面と対向するように配置された第３の基板と、前記第１の導電膜と前記第２の導電膜との接触位置を検出する座標検出手段と、を備え、互いの電極間に電圧が印加されて前記液晶分子の配向方位を変化させる第１の電極及び第２の電極が前記第３の主面に形成されていて、前記液晶分子を前記第３の主面に対して斜めに立ち上がり配向させるとともに前記液晶層の厚さ方向と平行な方向である縦電界を前記一方の電極との間に生成する視野角制御用電極が前記第２の主面に形成されていて、前記視野角制御用電極は、広視野角表示を行う場合に前記第１の電極と第２の電極との間に供給される表示駆動電圧によって生成される横電界であって且つ前記液晶層の前記液晶分子の配向方位を前記第３の主面に平行な面内で制御する前記横電界により、前記液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域全体に対応させて設けられ、当該視野角制御用電極と、前記第１の電極及び前記第２の電極のいずれか一方の電極との間に、前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧が供給され、狭視野角表示を行う場合に、前記縦電界を生成する視野角制御電圧を供給する一方で、広視野角表示を行う場合に、前記視野角制御電圧を供給しないようにする視野角制御駆動手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする。
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の液晶表示素子において、カラーフィルタが前記第２の主面に形成されていることを特徴とする。
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の液晶表示素子において、前記第５の主面に第１の偏光板が貼付されているとともに、前記第４の主面に第２の偏光板が貼付されていることを特徴とする。
請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１から３の何れかに記載の液晶表示素子において、前記第１の導電膜、前記第２の導電膜、第１の電極及び第２の電極のそれぞれは、ＩＴＯからなることを特徴とする。
請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１から４の何れかに記載の液晶表示素子において、前記第１の電極と前記第２の電極は、絶縁膜を介して互いに異なる層に形成されていることを特徴とする。 A liquid crystal display element according to a first aspect of the present invention is a first conductive film which is formed in a flat plate shape, has a first main surface and a second main surface, and is transparent on the first main surface. A first substrate having a flat plate shape, a third main surface and a fourth main surface, wherein the third main surface is opposed to the second main surface. A second substrate bonded to the first substrate by a sealing material; and disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and disposed on the second main surface and the third main surface. A liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel to each other, a flat main plate having a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface, and a transparent second conductive film formed on the sixth main surface. A contact position between the third substrate formed and disposed so that the sixth main surface faces the first main surface, and the first conductive film and the second conductive film is detected. With coordinate detection means The provided, it is formed on the first electrode and the second electrode is the third major surface the voltage to change the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is applied between each other of the electrodes, the said liquid crystal molecules first A viewing angle control electrode that is obliquely raised and oriented with respect to the main surface 3 and generates a vertical electric field that is parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer between the one main electrode and the second main surface. The viewing angle control electrode is a horizontal electric field generated by a display driving voltage supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode when performing a wide viewing angle display. And the liquid crystal layer is provided so as to correspond to the entire region in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the lateral electric field that controls the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane parallel to the third main surface. The viewing angle control electrode, the first electrode and the front electrode Between one of the electrodes of the second electrode, the independent viewing angle control voltage to the display driving voltage is supplied, in the case of the narrow viewing angle display, the viewing angle control to generate the vertical electric field It is further characterized by further comprising a viewing angle control driving means for not supplying the viewing angle control voltage when supplying a voltage while performing a wide viewing angle display.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect, a color filter is formed on the second main surface.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the first or second aspect, a first polarizing plate is affixed to the fifth main surface, and a second is applied to the fourth main surface. The polarizing plate is affixed.
The invention according to claim 4 is the liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the first conductive film, the second conductive film, the first electrode, and the second electrode. Is made of ITO.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the first electrode and the second electrode are formed in different layers through an insulating film. It is characterized by being.

請求項６に記載の発明に係る液晶表示素子は、平板状に形成されて第１の主面と第２の主面とを有し、前記第１の主面に透明な第１の導電膜が形成された第１の基板と、平板状に形成されて第３の主面と第４の主面とを有し、前記第３の主面が前記第２の主面と対向するようにシール材によって前記第１の基板に貼り合わされた第２の基板と、前記第１の基板と前記第２の基板との間に配置され、前記第２の主面及び前記第３の主面に対して平行に液晶分子が配向する液晶層と、平板状に形成されて第５の主面と第６の主面とを有し、前記第６の主面に透明な第２の導電膜が形成され、前記第６の主面が前記第１の主面と対向するように配置された第３の基板と、前記第１の導電膜と前記第２の導電膜との接触位置を検出する座標検出手段と、を備え、画素毎に前記液晶分子を横電界制御する第１の電極及び第２の電極が前記第３の主面に形成されていて、前記液晶分子を前記第３の主面に対して斜めに立ち上がり配向させるとともに前記液晶層の厚さ方向と平行な方向である縦電界を前記一方の電極との間に生成する視野角制御用電極が前記第２の主面に形成されていて、前記視野角制御用電極は、広視野角表示を行う場合に前記第１の電極と第２の電極との間に供給される表示駆動電圧によって生成される横電界であって且つ前記液晶層の前記液晶分子の配向方位を前記第３の主面に平行な面内で制御する前記横電界により、前記液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域全体に対応させて設けられ、当該視野角制御用電極と、前記第１の電極及び前記第２の電極のいずれか一方の電極との間に、前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧が供給され、狭視野角表示を行う場合に、前記縦電界を生成する視野角制御電圧を供給する一方で、広視野角表示を行う場合に、前記視野角制御電圧を供給しないようにする視野角制御駆動手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする。 A liquid crystal display element according to an invention of claim 6 is formed in a flat plate shape, has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the first conductive film is transparent on the first main surface. A first substrate having a flat plate shape, a third main surface and a fourth main surface, wherein the third main surface is opposed to the second main surface. A second substrate bonded to the first substrate by a sealing material; and disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and disposed on the second main surface and the third main surface. A liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel to each other, a flat main plate having a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface, and a transparent second conductive film formed on the sixth main surface. A contact position between the third substrate formed and disposed so that the sixth main surface faces the first main surface, and the first conductive film and the second conductive film is detected. With coordinate detection means The provided, it is formed on the first electrode and the second electrode a third main surface of the transverse electric field controls the liquid crystal molecules for each pixel, obliquely the liquid crystal molecules with respect to said third main surface And a viewing angle control electrode for generating a vertical electric field between the first electrode and the vertical electric field, which is parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, is formed on the second main surface. The viewing angle control electrode is a lateral electric field generated by a display driving voltage supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode when performing a wide viewing angle display, and the electrode of the liquid crystal layer The viewing angle control electrode provided corresponding to the entire region in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the lateral electric field for controlling the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane parallel to the third main surface. And one of the first electrode and the second electrode Between poles, the independent viewing angle control voltage to the display driving voltage is supplied, in the case of the narrow viewing angle display, while supplying the viewing angle control voltage for generating the vertical electric field, wide field It is further characterized by further comprising viewing angle control driving means for preventing the viewing angle control voltage from being supplied when performing the angle display.

請求項７に記載の発明に係る液晶表示素子は、請求項１又は６に記載の液晶表示素子において、前記第１の電極又は第２の電極が櫛歯状電極であることを特徴とする。 A liquid crystal display element according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the liquid crystal display element according to the first or sixth aspect, wherein the first electrode or the second electrode is a comb-like electrode .

本発明によれば、観察側からの静電気の影響を受けない安定した表示を行なうことができ、しかも、構造をほとんど複雑化及び厚型化させることなくタッチ入力機能を備えさせ、さらに、タッチ入力の影響が残らない表示を行なうことができる。According to the present invention, stable display that is not affected by static electricity from the observation side can be performed, and a touch input function can be provided without making the structure almost complicated and thick. It is possible to perform a display that does not leave any influence.

（第１の実施形態）
図１〜図８はこの発明の第１の実施例を示しており、図１は液晶表示素子の一部分の断面図、図２は前記液晶表示素子の一方の基板の一部分の平面図である。 (First embodiment)
1 to 8 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a part of a liquid crystal display element, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of a part of one substrate of the liquid crystal display element.

この実施例の液晶表示素子は、図１及び図２に示したように、間隙を存して対向する観察側（図１において上側）とその反対側の一対の透明基板１１，１２と、前記一対の基板１１，１２間に封入された正の誘電異方性を有するネマティック液晶からなる液晶層１３と、前記一対の基板１１，１２の互いに対向する内面のうち、一方の基板、例えば観察側とは反対側の基板１２の内面に互いに絶縁して設けられ、それぞれの間への表示駆動電圧の供給によりその間に前記液晶層１３に前記基板１２面と実質的に平行な方向の横電界を生成する第１と第２の透明な表示用電極１４，１５と、前記一対の基板１１，１２を挟んで配置された一対の偏光板２９，３０とを備えている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment includes an observation side (upper side in FIG. 1) facing each other with a gap and a pair of transparent substrates 11 and 12 on the opposite side, One of the liquid crystal layer 13 made of nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy sealed between the pair of substrates 11 and 12 and the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 11 and 12 facing each other, for example, the observation side Are provided so as to be insulated from each other on the inner surface of the substrate 12 opposite to each other, and by supplying a display driving voltage therebetween, a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12 is applied to the liquid crystal layer 13 therebetween. First and second transparent display electrodes 14 and 15 to be generated, and a pair of polarizing plates 29 and 30 arranged with the pair of substrates 11 and 12 interposed therebetween.

すなわち、この液晶表示素子は、前記一方の基板（以下、反対側基板という）１２の内面に互いに絶縁して設けられた前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間への画像データに対応する表示駆動電圧の供給により、前記第１と第２の表示用電極間１４，１５に前記基板１２面と実質的に平行な方向の横電界を生成させ、その横電界により前記一対の基板１１，１２間に封入された液晶層１３の液晶分子の配向方位（分子長軸の向き）を前記基板１２面と実質的に平行な面内で制御して画像を表示するものであり、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成する横電界により液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域により、画像を表示するための最小単位である画素Ａが形成されている。   In other words, this liquid crystal display element is used for image data between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 provided on the inner surface of the one substrate (hereinafter referred to as the opposite substrate) 12 so as to be insulated from each other. By supplying a corresponding display driving voltage, a horizontal electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12 is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15, and the pair of substrates is generated by the horizontal electric field. 11. An image is displayed by controlling the orientation direction (direction of the molecular long axis) of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 13 enclosed between 11 and 12 within a plane substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12. A pixel A, which is a minimum unit for displaying an image, is formed by a region in which the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15.

前記画素Ａは、行方向（液晶表示素子の画面の左右方向）及び列方向（画面の上下方向）にマトリックス状に配列されており、前記反対側基板１２の内面にけられた第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５のうち、第１の表示用電極１４は、少なくとも前記画素Ａの全域に対応させて形成され、第２の表示用電極１５は、前記第１の表示用電極１４を覆って設けられた層間絶縁膜２４の上に、前記画素Ａよりも小さい面積を有する形状に形成され、その縁部において前記第１の表示用電極１４と対向している。   The pixels A are arranged in a matrix in the row direction (the horizontal direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element) and the column direction (the vertical direction of the screen), and the first and the first arranged on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12. Among the two display electrodes 14 and 15, the first display electrode 14 is formed so as to correspond to at least the entire area of the pixel A, and the second display electrode 15 is the first display electrode 14. Is formed in a shape having an area smaller than that of the pixel A, and is opposed to the first display electrode 14 at the edge thereof.

この液晶表示素子は、前記マトリックス状に配列した複数の画素ＡをＴＦＴ（薄膜トランジスタ）１６からなるアクティブ素子により選択して駆動するアクティブマトリックス液晶表示素子であり、前記第１の表示用電極１４は、各画素行毎に、その行の複数の画素Ａに対応させて設けられ、前記第２の表示用電極１５は、各画素Ａにそれぞれ対応させて設けられ、前記反対側基板１２の内面に形成された複数のＴＦＴ１６にそれぞれ接続されている。   This liquid crystal display element is an active matrix liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of pixels A arranged in a matrix are selected and driven by an active element composed of a TFT (thin film transistor) 16, and the first display electrode 14 includes: Each pixel row is provided corresponding to a plurality of pixels A in the row, and the second display electrode 15 is provided corresponding to each pixel A and formed on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12. The plurality of TFTs 16 are connected to each other.

前記ＴＦＴ１６は、前記反対側基板１２の上に形成されたゲート表示用電極１７と、前記ゲート表示用電極１７を覆って反対側基板１２の略全面に形成されたゲート絶縁膜１８と、このゲート絶縁膜１８の上に前記ゲート表示用電極１７と対向させて形成されたｉ型半導体膜１９と、前記ｉ型半導体膜１９の両側部の上にｎ型半導体膜（図示せず）を介して設けられたソース電極２０およびドレイン電極２１とからなっている。   The TFT 16 includes a gate display electrode 17 formed on the opposite substrate 12, a gate insulating film 18 that covers the gate display electrode 17 and is formed on substantially the entire surface of the opposite substrate 12, and the gate. An i-type semiconductor film 19 formed on the insulating film 18 so as to face the gate display electrode 17, and an n-type semiconductor film (not shown) on both sides of the i-type semiconductor film 19. The source electrode 20 and the drain electrode 21 are provided.

さらに、前記反対側基板１２の内面には、各行のＴＦＴ１６にゲート信号を供給する複数本のゲート配線２２と、各列のＴＦＴ１６にデータ信号を供給する複数本のデータ配線２３とが設けられており、前記ゲート配線２２は、前記反対側基板１２の上に前記ＴＦＴ１６のゲート表示用電極１７と一体に形成され、前記データ配線２３は、前記ゲート絶縁膜１８の上に形成され、前記ＴＦＴ１６のドレイン電極２１に接続されている。   Further, a plurality of gate wirings 22 for supplying gate signals to the TFTs 16 in each row and a plurality of data wirings 23 for supplying data signals to the TFTs 16 in each column are provided on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12. The gate line 22 is formed integrally with the gate display electrode 17 of the TFT 16 on the opposite substrate 12, and the data line 23 is formed on the gate insulating film 18. It is connected to the drain electrode 21.

そして、前記第１の表示用電極１４は、前記ゲート絶縁膜１８の上に、各画素行にそれぞれ対応させて、前記画素Ａの全域に対応する形状に形成されたＩＴＯ膜１４ａからなっており、これらのＩＴＯ膜１４ａは、その端部において共通接続されている。   The first display electrode 14 is formed of an ITO film 14a formed on the gate insulating film 18 in a shape corresponding to each pixel row and corresponding to the entire area of the pixel A. These ITO films 14a are commonly connected at their end portions.

なお、この実施例では、前記ＩＴＯ膜１４ａの各画素Ａに対応する領域の間の部分の幅を小さくしているが、このＩＴＯ膜１４ａは、その全長にわたって前記画素Ａの全域に対応する幅に形成してもよい。   In this embodiment, the width of the portion between the regions corresponding to each pixel A of the ITO film 14a is reduced, but this ITO film 14a has a width corresponding to the entire area of the pixel A over its entire length. You may form in.

また、前記第２の表示用電極１５は、前記第１の表示用電極１４を覆う前記層間絶縁膜２４の上に各画素Ａにそれぞれ対応させて設けられ、複数の櫛歯部を有する櫛形形状にパターニングされた櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａからなっており、この櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａの各櫛歯部をつなぐ基部の一端において前記ＴＦＴ１６のソース電極２０に接続されている。   The second display electrode 15 is provided on the interlayer insulating film 24 covering the first display electrode 14 so as to correspond to each pixel A, and has a comb shape having a plurality of comb teeth portions. The comb-like ITO film 15a is patterned and is connected to the source electrode 20 of the TFT 16 at one end of the base connecting the comb-tooth portions of the comb-like ITO film 15a.

なお、前記層間絶縁膜２４は、前記反対側基板１２の略全面に、前記第１の表示用電極１４とＴＦＴ１６及びデータ配線２３を覆って設けられており、前記櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａは、前記層間絶縁膜２４に設けられたコンタクト孔（図示せず）において前記ＴＦＴ１６のソース電極２０に接続されている。   The interlayer insulating film 24 is provided on the substantially entire surface of the opposite substrate 12 so as to cover the first display electrode 14, the TFT 16 and the data wiring 23, and the comb-shaped ITO film 15 a A contact hole (not shown) provided in the insulating film 24 is connected to the source electrode 20 of the TFT 16.

前記櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａは、例えば等間隔で形成された４本の櫛歯部を有しており、１つの画素（第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域）Ａは、前記画素Ａの全域に対応する形状のＩＴＯ膜１４ａと、前記櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａの前記ＩＴＯ膜１４ａに対応する４つの櫛歯部とにより形成されている。   The comb-shaped ITO film 15a has, for example, four comb-tooth portions formed at equal intervals, and one pixel (a horizontal electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15). The region A in which the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled is formed by the ITO film 14a having a shape corresponding to the entire area of the pixel A, and four comb teeth portions corresponding to the ITO film 14a of the comb-shaped ITO film 15a. Has been.

また、前記櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａの各櫛歯部は、液晶表示素子の画面の上下方向、つまり前記画面の縦軸Ｏに対して、左右いずれか一方の方向に、５°〜１５°の角度θで傾いた方向に沿う細長形状に形成されており、これらの櫛歯部の幅ａと、隣合う櫛歯部間の間隔ｂとの比ｂ／ａは、１／３〜３／１、好ましくは１／１に設定されている。   Each comb-tooth portion of the comb-shaped ITO film 15a has an angle θ of 5 ° to 15 ° in the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element, that is, in the left or right direction with respect to the vertical axis O of the screen. The ratio b / a between the width a of these comb teeth and the interval b between adjacent comb teeth is preferably 1/3 to 3/1. Is set to 1/1.

さらに、この液晶表示素子は、前記一対の基板１１，１２の他方、つまり観察側基板１１の内面に、少なくとも前記画素（第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域）Ａの全域に対応させて設けられた透明な視野角制御用電極２５を備えている。   Further, the liquid crystal display element includes at least the pixel (a lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15) on the other of the pair of substrates 11 and 12, that is, the inner surface of the observation-side substrate 11. The transparent viewing angle control electrode 25 is provided corresponding to the entire region A) in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled.

この視野角制御用電極２５は、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５のいずれか一方との間に、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に供給する前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧を供給され、前記一方の表示用電極１４または１５との間に、前記液晶層１３の厚さ方向と実質的に平行な方向の縦電界を生成する表示用電極であり、前記複数の画素Ａの配列領域全体に対向する一枚膜状のＩＴＯ膜からなっている。   The viewing angle control electrode 25 is supplied between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15. A viewing angle control voltage independent of the driving voltage is supplied, and a vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 13 is generated between the one display electrode 14 or 15. The display electrode is made of a single ITO film facing the entire array region of the plurality of pixels A.

なお、この液晶表示素子は、前記複数の画素Ａ毎にそれぞれ対応する赤、緑、青の３色のカラーフィルタ２６Ｒ，２６Ｇ，２６Ｂを備えたカラー画像表示素子であり、前記カラーフィルタ２６Ｒ，２６Ｇ，２６Ｂは前記観察側基板１１の上に形成され、その上に前記視野角制御用電極２５が形成されている。   The liquid crystal display element is a color image display element including three color filters 26R, 26G, and 26B corresponding to each of the plurality of pixels A, and the color filters 26R and 26G. 26B are formed on the observation side substrate 11, and the viewing angle control electrode 25 is formed thereon.

また、前記観察側基板１１と反対側基板１２の内面にはそれぞれ、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５及び視野角制御用電極２５を覆って、水平配向膜２７，２８が設けられており、これらの配向膜２７，２８はそれぞれ、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成される横電界の方向に対して予め定めた角度で斜めに交差する方向に沿って互いに逆方向にラビングすることにより配向処理されている。   Further, horizontal alignment films 27 and 28 are provided on the inner surfaces of the observation side substrate 11 and the opposite side substrate 12 so as to cover the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 and the viewing angle control electrode 25, respectively. These alignment films 27 and 28 are respectively arranged in a direction obliquely intersecting with a direction of a lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 at a predetermined angle. Alignment treatment is performed by rubbing in the opposite directions along each other.

すなわち、前記配向膜２７，２８はそれぞれ、前記第２の表示用電極１５の縁部、つまり前記櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａの各櫛歯部の縁部の長さ方向に対して予め定めた角度で斜めに交差する方向に沿って互いに逆方向に配向処理されている。   That is, the alignment films 27 and 28 are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the length direction of the edge of the second display electrode 15, that is, the edge of each comb tooth of the comb-shaped ITO film 15 a. Are aligned in directions opposite to each other along the direction intersecting with each other.

前記観察側基板１１と反対側基板１２は、前記複数の画素Ａの配列領域、画面領域を囲む枠状のシール材（図示せず）を介して接合されており、前記液晶層１３は、前記観察側基板１１と反対側基板１２との間の前記シール材で囲まれた領域に封入されている。   The observation-side substrate 11 and the opposite-side substrate 12 are bonded via a frame-shaped sealing material (not shown) surrounding the array region and the screen region of the plurality of pixels A, and the liquid crystal layer 13 is A region surrounded by the sealing material between the observation side substrate 11 and the opposite side substrate 12 is enclosed.

前記液晶層１３の液晶分子は、前記配向膜２７，２８の配向処理方向に分子長軸を揃えて、前記基板１１，１２面と実質的に平行に配向している。   The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 with their molecular long axes aligned in the alignment treatment direction of the alignment films 27 and 28.

そして、この液晶表示素子の液晶分子が前記配向膜２７，２８の配向処理方向に分子長軸を揃えて基板１１，１２面と実質的に平行に配向した状態におけるΔｎｄ（液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄの積）の値は、可視光帯域の中間波長の１／２の値である略２７５ｎｍ付近に設定されている。   The liquid crystal molecules of this liquid crystal display element are aligned in the alignment treatment direction of the alignment films 27 and 28 with their molecular long axes aligned in parallel with the substrates 11 and 12 (Δnd) The value of the product of the property Δn and the liquid crystal layer thickness d) is set in the vicinity of about 275 nm, which is a half value of the intermediate wavelength in the visible light band.

図３は、前記液晶表示素子の観察側基板１１と反対側基板１２の配向膜２７，２８の配向処理方向（ラビング方向）１１ａ，１２ａと前記一対の偏光板２９，３０の透過軸２９ａ，３０ａの向きを示している。   FIG. 3 shows the alignment processing directions (rubbing directions) 11a, 12a of the alignment films 27, 28 on the observation side substrate 11 and the opposite substrate 12 of the liquid crystal display element, and the transmission axes 29a, 30a of the pair of polarizing plates 29, 30. Indicates the direction.

図３のように、前記観察側基板１１と反対側基板１２の配向膜２７，２８は、液晶表示素子の画面の上下方向（画面の縦軸Ｏ）と実質的に平行な方向、つまり、画面の縦軸Ｏに対して左右いずれか一方の方向に５°〜１５°の角度θで傾いた方向に沿う細長形状に形成された櫛歯部を有する櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａからなる第２の表示用電極１５に対してその傾き方向とは反対方向に前記角度θで傾いた方向に沿って、互いに逆方向に配向処理されており、前記一対の偏光板２９，３０のうち、観察側の偏光板２９は、その透過軸２９ａを前記配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａと実質的に平行にして配置され、反対側の偏光板３０は、その透過軸３０ａを観察側偏光板２９の透過軸２９ａと実質的に直交または平行にして配置されている。   As shown in FIG. 3, the alignment films 27 and 28 on the observation side substrate 11 and the opposite side substrate 12 are in a direction substantially parallel to the vertical direction (the vertical axis O of the screen) of the screen of the liquid crystal display element, that is, the screen. For the second display comprising a comb-shaped ITO film 15a having a comb-tooth portion formed in an elongated shape along a direction inclined at an angle θ of 5 ° to 15 ° in either the left or right direction with respect to the vertical axis O of The electrodes 15 are oriented in opposite directions along the direction inclined at the angle θ in the direction opposite to the tilt direction, and the polarizing plate on the observation side out of the pair of polarizing plates 29 and 30. 29 is arranged with its transmission axis 29a substantially parallel to the alignment processing directions 11a and 12a, and the opposite polarizing plate 30 has its transmission axis 30a substantially identical to the transmission axis 29a of the observation-side polarizing plate 29. Are arranged orthogonally or parallel to each other.

すなわち、この液晶表示素子は、前記観察側基板１１と反対側基板１２の配向膜２７，２８の配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａを、前記画面の上下方向（画面の縦軸Ｏ）に対して実質的に平行な方向とし、この配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａに対して前記櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａの櫛歯部の長手方向を５°〜１５°の角度θで傾いた方向に形成し、且つ前記一対の偏光板２９，３０のうち、観察側偏光板２９の透過軸２９ａを前記配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａに対して実質的に平行に配置している。   That is, in this liquid crystal display element, the alignment processing directions 11a and 12a of the alignment films 27 and 28 of the substrate 12 opposite to the observation side substrate 11 are substantially aligned with respect to the vertical direction of the screen (vertical axis O of the screen). The longitudinal direction of the comb-teeth portion of the comb-shaped ITO film 15a is formed in a direction inclined at an angle θ of 5 ° to 15 ° with respect to the alignment processing directions 11a and 12a, and the pair of polarized light Of the plates 29 and 30, the transmission axis 29a of the observation side polarizing plate 29 is arranged substantially parallel to the alignment treatment directions 11a and 12a.

そして、この実施例では、前記観察側偏光板２９の透過軸２９ａと反対側偏光板３０の透過軸３０ａとを互いに直交させ、ノーマーリーブラックモードの液晶表示素子を構成している。   In this embodiment, the transmission axis 29a of the observation side polarizing plate 29 and the transmission axis 30a of the opposite side polarizing plate 30 are orthogonal to each other to constitute a normally black mode liquid crystal display element.

また、この液晶表示素子は、前記観察側基板１１の外面に前記液晶層１３の全域に対応させて設けられたＩＴＯ等からなる一枚膜状の透明な静電気遮断用の第１の導電膜３１（以下、静電気遮断用導電膜という）と、前記観察側基板１１の外面側に間隙をおいて対向配置された透明なタッチフィルム３２とをさらに備えている。   Further, the liquid crystal display element is a single-film transparent first static electricity shielding film 31 made of ITO or the like provided on the outer surface of the observation-side substrate 11 so as to correspond to the entire area of the liquid crystal layer 13. (Hereinafter, referred to as a static electricity shielding conductive film) and a transparent touch film 32 disposed opposite to the outer surface of the observation side substrate 11 with a gap.

なお、前記観察側偏光板２９は、前記タッチフィルム３２の外面（観察側の面）に貼付けられており、さらに前記観察側偏光板２９の外面には、タッチペン５１（図８参照）等によるタッチ入力に対して前記観察側偏光板２９を保護する透明な表面フィルム（図示せず）が貼付けられている。   Note that the observation-side polarizing plate 29 is attached to the outer surface (observation-side surface) of the touch film 32, and the outer surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 29 is touched with a touch pen 51 (see FIG. 8) or the like. A transparent surface film (not shown) for protecting the observation side polarizing plate 29 against the input is attached.

前記タッチフィルム３２は、前記観察側基板１１と略同じ外形を有する透明なフィルム基板３３と、このフィルム基板３３の一方の面に設けられたＩＴＯ等からなる透明な第２の導電膜３４とからなっており、この第２の導電膜（以下、タッチ側導電膜という）３４は、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１と略同じ外形の一枚膜状に形成されている。   The touch film 32 includes a transparent film substrate 33 having substantially the same outer shape as the observation-side substrate 11, and a transparent second conductive film 34 made of ITO or the like provided on one surface of the film substrate 33. The second conductive film (hereinafter referred to as touch-side conductive film) 34 is formed in a single film shape having substantially the same outer shape as the static electricity shielding conductive film 31.

そして、前記タッチフィルム３２は、前記観察側基板１１の外面側に、前記画面領域を囲む枠状のスペーサ（図示せず）を介して、前記タッチ側導電膜３４を前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に適度な間隙をおいて対向させて配置され、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１とにより、前記観察側からの前記フィルム基板３３への押圧位置を検出するタッチ入力部を形成している。   Then, the touch film 32 is connected to the touch-side conductive film 34 on the outer surface side of the observation-side substrate 11 via a frame-like spacer (not shown) surrounding the screen region. A touch input unit that detects a pressing position on the film substrate 33 from the observation side is formed by the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 that is disposed to face each other with an appropriate gap therebetween.

この実施例では、前記タッチ入力部を、前記観察側からの局部的タッチにより前記フィルム基板３３が撓み変形して前記タッチ側導電膜３４を局部的に前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に接触させる接触型入力部としている。   In this embodiment, the touch input unit is a contact in which the film substrate 33 is bent and deformed by a local touch from the observation side, and the touch-side conductive film 34 is brought into contact with the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 locally. It is a mold input part.

この液晶表示素子は、観察側とその反対側の一対の基板１１，１２の一方、例えば反対側基板１２の内面に互いに絶縁して設けられた第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間への画像データに対応する表示駆動電圧の供給により、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に前記基板１２面と実質的に平行な方向の横電界を生成させ、その横電界により前記一対の基板１１，１２間に封入された液晶層１３の液晶分子の配向方位（分子長軸の向き）を前記基板１２面と実質的に平行な面内で制御して画像を表示するものであり、この液晶表示素子では、観察側基板１１の外面に、前記液晶層１３の全域に対応する静電気遮断用導電膜３１を設けているため、観察側から加わる静電気が、前記横電界による液晶分子の配向方位の制御に影響することはなく、したがって、前記静電気の影響を受けない安定した表示を行なうことができる。   This liquid crystal display element includes a first display electrode 14 and a second display electrode 15 provided between the observation side and one of the pair of substrates 11 and 12 on the opposite side, for example, the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12 and insulated from each other. By supplying a display drive voltage corresponding to the image data to the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15, a horizontal electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12 is generated, and the horizontal electric field is generated. By controlling the orientation direction (direction of the molecular long axis) of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 13 enclosed between the pair of substrates 11 and 12 within a plane substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12, an image is displayed. In this liquid crystal display element, since the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 corresponding to the entire area of the liquid crystal layer 13 is provided on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 11, static electricity applied from the observation side is caused by the lateral electric field. It affects the control of the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules. Rather, therefore, it is possible to perform stable display that is not affected by the said electrostatic.

また、この液晶表示素子は、他方の基板、つまり観察側基板１１の内面に、少なくとも前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域からなる画素Ａの全域に対応させて、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５のいずれか一方との間に、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に供給する表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧を供給され、前記一方の表示用電極１４または１５との間に、前記液晶層１３の厚さ方向と実質的に平行な方向の縦電界を生成する視野角制御用電極２５を設けているため、横電界制御型液晶表示素子の特性である広視野角表示と、前記縦電界により前記液晶分子を基板１１，１２面に対して斜めに立上がり配向させて視野角を狭くした狭視野角表示とを行なうとともに、その視野角を十分に広い角度範囲にわたって安定に制御することができる。   Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled on the inner surface of the other substrate, that is, the observation-side substrate 11 by at least a lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15. Between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 so as to correspond to the entire area of the pixel A consisting of the region to be formed. A viewing angle control voltage that is independent of the display drive voltage supplied to the liquid crystal layer 13 is supplied, and a vertical direction in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 13 is provided between the one display electrode 14 or 15. Since the viewing angle control electrode 25 for generating an electric field is provided, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 by the wide viewing angle display, which is a characteristic of the horizontal electric field control type liquid crystal display element, and the vertical electric field. Narrow field of view with narrowed viewing angle Performs a display, the viewing angle can be stably controlled over a wide enough angular range.

すなわち、この液晶表示素子は、図４〜図７に示したように、画像データに対応する表示駆動電圧を発生する信号源３６と、前記信号源３６からの表示駆動電圧を前記液晶表示素子の各画素Ａの第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に供給するための駆動制御スイッチ３４とを有する画像表示駆動手段３５により表示駆動される。   That is, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the liquid crystal display element includes a signal source 36 that generates a display drive voltage corresponding to image data, and a display drive voltage from the signal source 36. Display driving is performed by an image display driving means 35 having a drive control switch 34 for supplying between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 of each pixel A.

この画像表示駆動手段３５は、前記書込みスイッチ３７のＯＮにより、前記液晶表示素子の各画素Ａの第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に前記画像データに対応する表示駆動電圧を供給し、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に前記表示駆動電圧に応じた横電界（基板１２面と実質的に平行な方向の電界）を生成させる。   The image display driving means 35 supplies a display driving voltage corresponding to the image data between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 of each pixel A of the liquid crystal display element by turning on the writing switch 37. Then, a lateral electric field (an electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12) corresponding to the display driving voltage is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15.

さらに、この液晶表示素子は、図４〜図７に示したように、予め定めた値の視野角制御電圧を発生する信号源３９と、前記信号源３６からの視野角制御電圧を、前記液晶表示素子の各画素Ａの第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５の一方、例えば第１の表示用電極１４と前記視野角制御用電極２５との間にスタティック的に供給するための視野角制御スイッチ４０とを有する視野角制御駆動手段３８により駆動され、表示の視野角を広視野角から狭視野角に制御する。   Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the liquid crystal display element includes a signal source 39 that generates a viewing angle control voltage having a predetermined value and the viewing angle control voltage from the signal source 36. A visual field for statically supplying one of the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 of each pixel A of the display element, for example, between the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle control electrode 25. Driven by viewing angle control driving means 38 having an angle control switch 40, the viewing angle of display is controlled from a wide viewing angle to a narrow viewing angle.

この視野角制御駆動手段３８は、前記視野角制御スイッチ３９のＯＮにより、前記液晶表示素子の各画素Ａの第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に、前記画像表示駆動手段３５から前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に供給される前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧を供給し、前記第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に前記液晶層１３の厚さ方向と実質的に平行な方向の縦電界を生成させるものであり、前記視野角制御電圧は、前記第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に、液晶分子を基板１１，１２面に対して例えば４５°〜７０°の範囲内の予め設定された角度で斜めに立上がり配向させる縦電界を生成させる値に設定されている。   The viewing angle control driving means 38 is configured to display the image between the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle control electrode 25 of each pixel A of the liquid crystal display element by turning on the viewing angle control switch 39. An independent viewing angle control voltage is supplied to the display driving voltage supplied from the driving means 35 between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15, and the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle are supplied. A vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 13 is generated between the control electrode 25 and the viewing angle control voltage. Set to a value that generates a vertical electric field between the angle control electrode 25 and a liquid crystal molecule that rises and aligns obliquely at a predetermined angle within a range of, for example, 45 ° to 70 ° with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12. Has been.

なお、前記視野角制御スイッチ３９は、前記液晶表示素子を備えた携帯電話機等の電子機器に設けられた視野角選択キーによる広視野角の選択に連動してＯＦＦし、前記視野角選択キーによる狭視野角の選択に連動してＯＮする自動切換スイッチであり、前記視野角制御駆動手段３８は、前記視野角選択キーにより広視野角が選択されたとき、つまり前記視野角制御スイッチ３９のＯＦＦ時は前記第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に視野角制御電圧を供給せず、前記視野角選択キーにより狭視野角が選択されたときに、前記視野角制御スイッチ３９のＯＮにより前記第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に前記視野角制御電圧を供給する。   The viewing angle control switch 39 is turned off in conjunction with the selection of a wide viewing angle by a viewing angle selection key provided in an electronic device such as a mobile phone having the liquid crystal display element, and the viewing angle selection key. It is an automatic change-over switch that is turned on in conjunction with selection of a narrow viewing angle, and the viewing angle control driving means 38 is turned off when a wide viewing angle is selected by the viewing angle selection key, that is, the viewing angle control switch 39 is turned off. When the viewing angle control voltage is not supplied between the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle control electrode 25 and a narrow viewing angle is selected by the viewing angle selection key, the viewing angle control is performed. When the switch 39 is turned on, the viewing angle control voltage is supplied between the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle control electrode 25.

このように、前記液晶表示素子は、前記画像表示駆動手段３５により、前記反対側基板１２の内面の第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に画像データに対応する表示駆動電圧を供給され、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に前記表示駆動電圧に応じた横電界を生成して画像を表示し、前記視野角制御駆動手段３８により、前記反対側基板１２の内面の第１の表示用電極１４と、観察側基板１１の内面に少なくとも前記画素（第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により液晶分子が配向方位を変える領域）Ａの全域に対応させて設けられた視野角制御用電極２５との間に、前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧を供給され、前記第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に前記視野角制御電圧に応じた縦電界を生成して表示の視野角を狭くするものであり、前記縦電界を生成しないときは広い視野角が得られ、前記縦電界を生成すると視野角が狭くなる。   Thus, the liquid crystal display element supplies the display drive voltage corresponding to the image data between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12 by the image display drive means 35. Then, a horizontal electric field corresponding to the display driving voltage is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 to display an image, and the viewing angle control driving means 38 allows the opposite substrate 12 to be displayed. The first display electrode 14 on the inner surface and the region on the inner surface of the observation-side substrate 11 in which the liquid crystal molecules change the orientation direction by at least the pixel (a horizontal electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15). ) A viewing angle control voltage independent of the display driving voltage is supplied between the viewing angle control electrodes 25 provided corresponding to the entire area A, and the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle are supplied. The viewing angle control with the control electrode 25 Is intended to narrow the viewing angle of the display to generate a vertical electric field corresponding to the pressure, if not generating the vertical electric field is obtained wide viewing angle, the viewing angle is narrowed when generating the vertical electric field.

図４及び図５は、前記液晶表示素子の１つの画素Ａの縦電界を生成しない状態における液晶分子の配向の変化を模式的に示した図であり、図４は前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界を生成されていないときの配向方位、図５は前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界が生成されたときの配向方位を示している。   4 and 5 are diagrams schematically showing changes in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in a state where no vertical electric field is generated in one pixel A of the liquid crystal display element, and FIG. 4 shows the first and second configurations. FIG. 5 shows the orientation direction when a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15, when the horizontal electric field is not generated between the display electrodes 14 and 15. ing.

前記縦電界を生成しない加状態では、前記液晶分子１３ａが基板１１，１２面と実質的に平行に配向しており、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界が生成されていないときは、図４のように一対の基板１１，１２の配向膜２７，２８の配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａに分子長軸を揃えて配向し、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界が生成されたときに、図５のように前記横電界の方向に分子長軸を揃えて配向する。   In the applied state in which the vertical electric field is not generated, the liquid crystal molecules 13a are aligned substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12, and a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15. If not, the first and second display electrodes are aligned by aligning the molecular major axes in the alignment treatment directions 11a and 12a of the alignment films 27 and 28 of the pair of substrates 11 and 12, as shown in FIG. When a horizontal electric field is generated between 14 and 15, the molecular major axis is aligned in the direction of the horizontal electric field as shown in FIG.

すなわち、前記第１の表示用電極１４は、少なくとも前記画素Ａの全域に対応させて形成されており、前記第２の表示用電極１５は、前記第１の表示用電極１４を覆う層間絶縁膜２４の上に、前記画素Ａよりも小さい面積を有する形状に形成され、その縁部において前記第１の表示用電極１４と対向しているため、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に表示駆動電圧を供給すると、前記第１の表示用電極１４の第２の表示用電極１５の縁部に対応する部分と前記第２の表示用電極１５の縁部との間に、前記反対側基板１２面と実質的に平行な方向の横電界が生成され、その横電界により、液晶分子１３ａが前記横電界の方向に分子長軸を揃えて配向し、その液晶分子の挙動の影響を受けて、前記画素Ａ内の他の領域（櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａからなる第２の表示用電極１５の各櫛歯部の中央及び隣合う櫛歯部の間の中央に対応する領域）の液晶分子１３ａも同様に配向する。   That is, the first display electrode 14 is formed so as to correspond to at least the entire area of the pixel A, and the second display electrode 15 is an interlayer insulating film that covers the first display electrode 14. Is formed in a shape having an area smaller than that of the pixel A, and is opposed to the first display electrode 14 at the edge thereof, so that the first and second display electrodes 14, When a display drive voltage is supplied between the first display electrode 14 and the second display electrode 15, the display drive voltage is supplied between the second display electrode 15 and the second display electrode 15. A transverse electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the opposite substrate 12 is generated, and the transverse electric field causes the liquid crystal molecules 13a to be aligned with the molecular major axis aligned in the direction of the transverse electric field, and the behavior of the liquid crystal molecules Under the influence, other regions in the pixel A (comb-like ITO film 15 The second liquid crystal molecules 13a in the area) corresponding to the center between the central and adjacent comb teeth of the comb tooth portions of the display electrodes 15 consisting also similarly oriented.

そして、前記縦電界を生成しない状態では、液晶分子１３ａが、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により前記基板１１，１２面と実質的に平行な面内で配向方位（分子長軸の向き）を変えるため、液晶表示素子のΔｎｄの視角依存性が小さく、したがって、横電界制御型液晶表示素子の特性である広い視野角が得られる。   In a state where the vertical electric field is not generated, the liquid crystal molecules 13a are surfaces substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 due to the horizontal electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15. Since the orientation orientation (the direction of the molecular long axis) is changed, the viewing angle dependency of Δnd of the liquid crystal display element is small, and thus a wide viewing angle, which is a characteristic of the lateral electric field control type liquid crystal display element, can be obtained.

図６及び図７は、前記液晶表示素子の１つの画素Ａの縦電界を生成した状態における液晶分子の配向方位を模式的に示した図であり、図６は前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界が生成されていないときの配向方位、図７は前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界が生成されたときの配向方位を示している。   6 and 7 are diagrams schematically showing the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules in a state where a vertical electric field is generated in one pixel A of the liquid crystal display element, and FIG. 6 shows the first and second displays. FIG. 7 shows the orientation direction when a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15, when the horizontal electric field is not generated between the display electrodes 14 and 15. Yes.

前記画素Ａの第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に前記視野角制御電圧を供給すると、画素Ａの全域に対応する形状のＩＴＯ膜１４ａからなる第１の表示用電極１４の前記視野角制御用電極２５と対向する部分（櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ａからなる第２の表示用電極１５の各櫛歯部の間に対応する部分）と、前記画素Ａの全域に対応する前記視野角制御用電極２５との間に、前記液晶層１３の実質的に平行な方向の縦電界が生成され、その縦電界により、液晶分子１３ａが基板１１，１２面に対して斜めに立上がり配向する。   When the viewing angle control voltage is supplied between the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle control electrode 25 of the pixel A, a first display composed of the ITO film 14a having a shape corresponding to the entire area of the pixel A is provided. A portion of the electrode 14 that opposes the viewing angle control electrode 25 (a portion corresponding to a portion between the comb-tooth portions of the second display electrode 15 made of the comb-shaped ITO film 15a) and the entire area of the pixel A A vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer 13 is generated between the viewing angle control electrode 25 and the liquid crystal molecules 13a rise obliquely with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 due to the vertical electric field. Orient.

なお、前記縦電界は、前記第１の表示用電極１４の視野角制御用電極２５と対向する部分から前記視野角制御用電極２５に向って幅が大きくなる略逆台形状の領域に生成し、その領域の液晶分子１３ａが前記縦電界により斜めに立上がり配向し、その液晶分子の挙動により、前記画素Ａ内の縦電界が弱い領域の液晶分子１３ａも同様に立上がり配向する。   The vertical electric field is generated in a substantially inverted trapezoidal region whose width increases from the portion of the first display electrode 14 facing the viewing angle control electrode 25 toward the viewing angle control electrode 25. The liquid crystal molecules 13a in the region are obliquely raised and aligned by the vertical electric field, and the liquid crystal molecules 13a in the region having a weak vertical electric field in the pixel A are similarly raised and aligned due to the behavior of the liquid crystal molecules.

そして、縦電界を生成した状態では、液晶分子１３ａが上記のように基板１１，１２面に対して斜めに立上がり配向した状態で、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により配向方位を変える。   In the state where the vertical electric field is generated, the liquid crystal molecules 13a are generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 in a state where the liquid crystal molecules 13a are inclined and aligned with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 as described above. The orientation direction is changed by the transverse electric field.

すなわち、縦電界を生成した状態では、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界を生成しないときは、前記液晶分子１３ａが前記立上がり配向方位で図６のように一対の基板１１，１２の配向膜２７，２８の配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａに分子長軸を揃えて配向し、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に横電界が生成されたときに、図７のように前記横電界の方向に分子長軸を揃えて配向する。   That is, in the state where the vertical electric field is generated, when no horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15, the liquid crystal molecules 13a are in the rising orientation direction as shown in FIG. When alignment directions 27a and 28a of the substrates 11 and 12 are aligned in the alignment processing directions 11a and 12a with the molecular long axes aligned, and a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15. As shown in FIG. 7, the molecular major axis is aligned in the direction of the transverse electric field.

そして、縦電界を生成した状態では、液晶分子１３ａの斜め方向の立上がり配向により液晶表示素子のΔｎｄの視角依存性が大きくなるため、液晶表示素子の正面方向（液晶表示素子の法線付近の方向）から見た表示は前記縦電界を生成しない状態での表示とほとんど変わらないコントラストの良い表示であるが、前記正面方向に対して斜めに傾いた方向から見ると、前記Δｎｄの視角依存性により、正面方向から見たときとは異なる位相差が生じ、表示をほとんど視認することができなくなる。   In the state in which the vertical electric field is generated, the viewing angle dependency of Δnd of the liquid crystal display element increases due to the oblique alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 13a, and therefore the front direction of the liquid crystal display element (the direction near the normal line of the liquid crystal display element). The display viewed from (1) is a display with good contrast that is almost the same as the display in the state where the vertical electric field is not generated. However, when viewed from a direction inclined obliquely with respect to the front direction, the display angle dependence of Δnd A phase difference different from that seen from the front direction is generated, and the display can hardly be visually recognized.

したがって、このときは、表示を十分なコントラストで視認できる視野角が正面方向の狭い範囲になり、斜め方向から他人に覗き見される心配の無い、セキュリティ性の高い狭視野角表示を行なうことができる。   Therefore, at this time, the viewing angle at which the display can be viewed with sufficient contrast is in a narrow range in the front direction, and it is possible to perform a highly secure narrow viewing angle display without fear of being looked into by others from an oblique direction. it can.

なお、この実施例の液晶表示素子は、一対の偏光板２９，３０の透過軸２９ａ，３０ａを実質的に直交させたノーマリーブラックモードの表示素子であり、前記縦電界を生成しない状態及び縦電界を生成した状態のいずれでも、前記横電界を生成しないときの表示は暗表示、前記横電界を生成したときの表示は明表示である。   The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is a normally black mode display element in which the transmission axes 29a and 30a of the pair of polarizing plates 29 and 30 are substantially orthogonal to each other. In any state where an electric field is generated, the display when the horizontal electric field is not generated is a dark display, and the display when the horizontal electric field is generated is a bright display.

この液晶表示素子は、その一方の基板（反対側基板）１２の内面に、それぞれの間への表示駆動電圧の供給によりその間に前記基板１２面と実質的に平行な方向の横電界を生成する第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５を互いに絶縁して設け、他方の基板（観察側基板）１１の内面に、少なくとも前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に生成された横電界により液晶分子１３ａの配向方位が制御される領域からなる画素Ａの全域に対応させて、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５のいずれか一方、例えば第１の表示用電極１４との間に、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５間に供給する表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧を供給され、前記第１の表示用電極１４との間に、前記液晶層１３の厚さ方向と実質的に平行な方向の縦電界を生成する視野角制御用電極２５を設けているため、上述したように、横電界制御型液晶表示素子の特性である広視野角表示と、前記縦電界により前記液晶分子１３ａを前記基板１１，１２面に対して斜めに立上がり配向させて視野角を狭くした狭視野角表示とを行なうとともに、その視野角を十分に広い角度範囲にわたって安定に制御することができる。   This liquid crystal display element generates a lateral electric field on the inner surface of one substrate (opposite substrate) 12 by supplying a display driving voltage therebetween, in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 12 therebetween. The first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 are provided to be insulated from each other, and are generated on the inner surface of the other substrate (observation side substrate) 11 between at least the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15. One of the first and second display electrodes 14, 15, for example, the first display electrode, corresponding to the entire area of the pixel A composed of the region in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 13 a is controlled by the horizontal electric field. A viewing angle control voltage independent of the display drive voltage supplied between the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 is supplied between the electrode 14 and the first display electrode 14. In between, the direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 13 Since the viewing angle control electrode 25 for generating the vertical electric field is provided, as described above, the liquid crystal molecules 13a are converted into the liquid crystal molecules 13a by the wide viewing angle display, which is a characteristic of the horizontal electric field control type liquid crystal display element, and the vertical electric field. A narrow viewing angle display in which the viewing angle is narrowed by obliquely rising with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 and the viewing angle can be stably controlled over a sufficiently wide angle range.

なお、この実施例では、前記第１の表示用電極１４と視野角制御用電極２５との間に視野角制御電圧を供給しているが、前記視野角制御電圧を前記第２の表示用電極１５と視野角制御用電極２５との間に供給し、この第２の表示用電極１５と視野角制御用電極２５との間に縦電界を生成させるようにしてもよく、その場合も同様な広視野角表示と狭視野角表示を行なうことができる。   In this embodiment, a viewing angle control voltage is supplied between the first display electrode 14 and the viewing angle control electrode 25. However, the viewing angle control voltage is applied to the second display electrode. 15 and the viewing angle control electrode 25, and a vertical electric field may be generated between the second display electrode 15 and the viewing angle control electrode 25. Wide viewing angle display and narrow viewing angle display can be performed.

また、この液晶表示素子は、一対の基板１１，１２の内面に形成された配向膜２７，２８をそれぞれ、画面の上下方向（画面の縦軸Ｏ）と実質的に平行な方向に沿って互いに逆方向に配向処理し、前記一対の偏光板２９，３０のうち、観察側の偏光板２９を、その透過軸２９ａを前記配向処理方向１１ａ，１２ａと実質的に平行にして配置し、反対側の偏光板３０を、その透過軸３０ａを前記観察側の偏光板２９の透過軸２９ａと実質的に直交させて配置しているため、前記液晶表示素子の法線に対して左右方向にそれぞれ略同じ角度傾いた角度範囲の広視野角と、その角度範囲を左右方向から略同じ角度ずつ狭めた狭視野角とを得ることができる。   In addition, the liquid crystal display element includes alignment films 27 and 28 formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 11 and 12, respectively, along a direction substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the screen (the vertical axis O of the screen). Alignment treatment is performed in the opposite direction, and the observation-side polarization plate 29 of the pair of polarization plates 29 and 30 is disposed with its transmission axis 29a substantially parallel to the alignment treatment direction 11a and 12a. The polarizing plate 30 is arranged so that the transmission axis 30a thereof is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis 29a of the polarizing plate 29 on the observation side, so that each of the polarizing plates 30 is approximately left and right with respect to the normal line of the liquid crystal display element. It is possible to obtain a wide viewing angle in the angle range inclined by the same angle and a narrow viewing angle in which the angle range is narrowed by approximately the same angle from the left-right direction.

そして、この液晶表示素子は、前記観察側基板１１の外面に、前記液晶層１３の全域に対応する静電気遮断用導電膜３１を設けているため、観察側の面（観察側偏光板２９の外面）に指等の帯電物を触れたり近付けたりしたときに観察側から加わる静電気が、前記横電界による液晶分子１３ａの配向方位の制御に影響することはなく、したがって、前記静電気の影響を受けない安定した表示を行なうことができる。   In this liquid crystal display element, since the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 corresponding to the entire area of the liquid crystal layer 13 is provided on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 11, the observation side surface (the outer surface of the observation side polarizing plate 29). ) Does not affect the control of the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 13a by the lateral electric field, and thus is not affected by the static electricity. Stable display can be performed.

しかも、この液晶表示素子は、前記観察側基板１１の外面側に、フィルム基板３３とその一方の面に設けられたタッチ側導電膜３４とからなるタッチフィルム３２を、前記タッチ側導電膜３４を前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に間隙をおいて対向させて配置し、このタッチフィルム３２と前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１とにより、前記観察側からの前記タッチフィルム３２の局部的タッチにより前記タッチ側導電膜３４を局部的に前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に接触させるタッチ入力部を形成しているため、一対の基板間に液晶層を封入した液晶素子の観察側に、一方の面に導電膜を設けた一対の基板を対向配置したタッチ入力パネルを積層した構成のタッチパネル付き液晶表示素子に比べて、構造をほとんど複雑化及び厚型化させることなくタッチ入力機能を備えさせることができる。   In addition, the liquid crystal display element includes a touch film 32 including a film substrate 33 and a touch-side conductive film 34 provided on one surface of the observation-side substrate 11, and the touch-side conductive film 34. The touch-shielding film 31 and the static-shielding conductive film 31 are arranged so as to face each other with a gap, and the touch-side film 31 is touched by a local touch of the touch-film 32 from the observation side. Since the touch input portion for locally contacting the conductive film 34 with the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 is formed, the conductive film is provided on one surface on the observation side of the liquid crystal element in which the liquid crystal layer is sealed between the pair of substrates. Compared with a liquid crystal display element with a touch panel in which a touch input panel in which a pair of substrates provided with a touch panel are stacked is laminated, the structure is hardly complicated and thickened. It can be provided with switch input function.

図８は、前記液晶表示素子のタッチ入力部に接続するタッチ位置座標検出手段を示している。   FIG. 8 shows a touch position coordinate detecting means connected to the touch input unit of the liquid crystal display element.

このタッチ位置座標検出手段は、前記液晶表示素子の画面の左右方向をＸ軸、前記画面の上下方向をＹ軸とし、前記タッチフィルム３２のタッチペン５１等によるタッチ位置、つまり、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に対するタッチ側導電膜３４の接触位置のＸ軸座標とＹ軸座標とを交互に検出するものであり、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１とタッチ側導電膜３４の一方、例えば静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の両端縁間に一定値のＸ軸方向電圧を一定周期で間欠的に供給するＸ軸電源系４１と、他方の導電膜、つまりタッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の両端縁間に一定値のＹ軸方向電圧を前記Ｘ軸方向電圧の供給周期に対してずれた周期で間欠的に供給するＹ軸電源系４５と、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に前記Ｘ軸方向電圧を供給したときの前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の一端縁の電圧値に基づいて前記タッチ位置のＸ軸座標を検出するＸ軸座標検出部４９と、前記タッチ側導電膜３４に前記Ｙ軸方向電圧を供給したときの前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の一端縁の電圧値に基づいて前記タッチ位置のＹ軸座標を検出するＹ軸座標検出部５０とにより構成されている。   The touch position coordinate detection means has a horizontal position of the screen of the liquid crystal display element as an X axis and a vertical direction of the screen as a Y axis, and a touch position by the touch pen 51 of the touch film 32, that is, the static electricity shielding conductive material. The X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the contact position of the touch-side conductive film 34 with respect to the film 31 are detected alternately, and one of the electrostatic-shielding conductive film 31 and the touch-side conductive film 34, for example, a static-shielding conductive film. An X-axis power supply system 41 that intermittently supplies a constant X-axis direction voltage between both ends of the film 31 in the X-axis direction at a constant period, and the other conductive film, that is, the touch-side conductive film 34 in the Y-axis direction. A Y-axis power supply system 45 that intermittently supplies a constant Y-axis direction voltage between both end edges at a period shifted from the supply period of the X-axis direction voltage, and the X-axis to the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31. When directional voltage is supplied An X-axis coordinate detection unit 49 that detects an X-axis coordinate of the touch position based on a voltage value at one end edge in the Y-axis direction of the touch-side conductive film 34, and the Y-axis direction voltage applied to the touch-side conductive film 34. And a Y-axis coordinate detection unit 50 that detects the Y-axis coordinate of the touch position based on the voltage value at one end edge in the X-axis direction of the static electricity shielding conductive film 31.

前記Ｘ軸電源系４１は、定電圧のＸ軸電源４２と、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の一端縁と前記Ｘ軸電源４２の一方の極との接続、或いは前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の一端縁と前記Ｙ軸座標検出部５０との接続を、予め定めた周期で切り換える電源／検出部切換スイッチ４３と、前記電源／検出部切換スイッチ４３と同期して前記Ｘ軸電源４２の他方の極と前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の他端縁との接続をＯＮ／ＯＦＦする開閉スイッチ４４とからなっている。   The X-axis power supply system 41 is connected to a constant-voltage X-axis power supply 42, one end edge in the X-axis direction of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 and one pole of the X-axis power supply 42, or In synchronization with the power supply / detection unit change-over switch 43 and the power supply / detection unit change-over switch 43, the connection between the one end edge of the conductive film 31 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis coordinate detection unit 50 is switched at a predetermined cycle. It comprises an open / close switch 44 for turning on / off the connection between the other pole of the X-axis power source 42 and the other end edge of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 in the X-axis direction.

また、前記Ｙ軸電源系４５は、定電圧のＹ軸電源４６と、前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の一端縁と前記Ｙ軸電源４６の一方の極との接続、或いは前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の一端縁と前記Ｘ軸座標検出部４９との接続を、前記Ｘ軸電源系４１の電源／検出部切換スイッチ４３と逆のタイミングで交互に切り換える電源／検出部切換スイッチ４７と、前記電源／検出部切換スイッチ４７と同期して前記Ｙ軸電源４６の他方の極と前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の他端縁との接続をＯＮ／ＯＦＦする開閉スイッチ４８とからなっている。   The Y-axis power supply system 45 includes a constant-voltage Y-axis power supply 46, a connection between one end edge of the touch-side conductive film 34 in the Y-axis direction and one pole of the Y-axis power supply 46, or the touch side. Power supply / detection unit switching for alternately switching the connection between one end edge of the conductive film 34 in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis coordinate detection unit 49 at the timing opposite to that of the power supply / detection unit switch 43 of the X-axis power supply system 41 An open / close switch that turns ON / OFF the connection between the other pole of the Y-axis power supply 46 and the other end edge in the Y-axis direction of the touch-side conductive film 34 in synchronization with the switch 47 and the power supply / detection unit switch 47 48.

なお、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の両端縁と、前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の両端縁にはそれぞれ、前記Ｘ軸方向電圧を前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１の全体に均等に印加し、前記Ｙ軸方向電圧を前記タッチ側導電膜３４の全体に均等に印加するために、前記端縁の全長に重ねて形成された低抵抗金属膜からなる線状電極３１ａ，３４ａが設けられており、これらの線状電極３１ａ，３４ａに、前記Ｘ軸電源系４１及びＹ軸電源系４５の接続端子（図示せず）が形成されている。   It should be noted that the X-axis direction voltage is applied to both ends of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 in the X-axis direction and both ends of the touch-side conductive film 34 in the Y-axis direction, respectively. In order to apply the Y-axis direction voltage uniformly to the entire touch-side conductive film 34, linear electrodes 31a made of a low-resistance metal film formed over the entire length of the edge. A connection terminal (not shown) for the X-axis power supply system 41 and the Y-axis power supply system 45 is formed on the linear electrodes 31a and 34a.

前記タッチ位置座標検出手段は、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の両端縁間と前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の両端縁間とに前記Ｘ軸方向電圧とＹ軸方向電圧とを交互に供給し、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１へのＸ軸方向電圧の供給時に、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１とタッチ側導電膜３４との接触部を経て前記タッチ側導電膜３４のＹ軸方向の端縁に伝わる前記接触部の位置に対応したＸ軸方向電圧値に基づいて前記Ｘ軸座標検出部４９によりタッチ位置のＸ軸座標を検出し、前記タッチ側導電膜３４へのＹ軸方向電圧の供給時に、前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１とタッチ側導電膜３４との接触部を経て前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１のＸ軸方向の端縁に伝わる前記接触部の位置に対応したＹ軸方向電圧値に基づいて前記Ｙ軸座標検出部５０により前記タッチ位置のＹ軸座標を検出する。   The touch position coordinate detecting means includes the X-axis direction voltage and the Y-axis direction voltage between both end edges in the X-axis direction of the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 and between both end edges in the Y-axis direction of the touch-side conductive film 34. Are alternately supplied, and when the voltage in the X-axis direction is supplied to the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31, the touch-side conductive film 34 passes through the contact portion between the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 and the touch-side conductive film 34. Based on the voltage value in the X-axis direction corresponding to the position of the contact portion transmitted to the edge in the Y-axis direction, the X-axis coordinate detection unit 49 detects the X-axis coordinate of the touch position, Corresponds to the position of the contact portion transmitted through the contact portion between the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 and the touch-side conductive film 34 to the edge in the X-axis direction of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 31 when the Y-axis direction voltage is supplied. The Y-axis coordinate based on the Y-axis direction voltage value The output unit 50 detects the Y-axis coordinate of the touch position.

なお、図８に示したタッチ位置座標検出手段では、Ｘ軸電源系４１とＹ軸電源系４５にそれぞれ定電圧電源４２，４６を備えさせているが、これらの電源系４１，４５は、１つの定電圧電源を共用する構成としてもよい。   In the touch position coordinate detecting means shown in FIG. 8, the X-axis power supply system 41 and the Y-axis power supply system 45 are provided with constant voltage power supplies 42 and 46, respectively. It is good also as a structure which shares two constant voltage power supplies.

前記液晶表示素子は、観察側基板１１の外面側に前記タッチフィルム３２を配置して接触型のタッチ入力部を形成しているため、前記タッチフィルム３２を強くタッチすると、前記観察側基板１１が内側に押されて変形する。   Since the liquid crystal display element forms the contact type touch input unit by disposing the touch film 32 on the outer surface side of the observation side substrate 11, when the touch film 32 is strongly touched, the observation side substrate 11 is Deformed by being pushed inward.

しかし、この液晶表示素子は、前記横電界により液晶分子１３ａの配向方位を制御して画像を表示するものであるため、前記タッチフィルム３２のタッチにより観察側基板１１が内側に変形し、液晶層厚の変化によってその部分の表示が乱れても、前記液晶層厚が変化した部分には大きな電界の乱れが生じないので、局部的な電荷の蓄積等が生じることはない。   However, since this liquid crystal display element displays an image by controlling the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 13a by the lateral electric field, the observation side substrate 11 is deformed inward by the touch of the touch film 32, and the liquid crystal layer Even if the display of the portion is disturbed due to the change in thickness, since the large electric field is not disturbed in the portion where the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is changed, local charge accumulation or the like does not occur.

そのため、前記タッチフィルム３２のタッチ解除による前記観察側基板１１の復元後、速やかに前記表示の乱れを解消することができ、したがって、タッチ入力の影響が残らない表示を行なうことができる。   For this reason, after the observation-side substrate 11 is restored by touch release of the touch film 32, the display disorder can be quickly eliminated, and thus a display without the influence of touch input can be performed.

なお、上記実施例の液晶表示素子は、ノーマリーブラックモードのものであるが、前記観察側と反対側の偏光板２９，３０を、それぞれの透過軸２９ａ，３０ａを実質的に互いに平行にして配置したノーマリーホワイトモードとしてもよい。   Although the liquid crystal display element of the above embodiment is of a normally black mode, the polarizing plates 29 and 30 on the opposite side to the observation side are made substantially parallel to each other with their transmission axes 29a and 30a. It is good also as the arranged normally white mode.

（第２の実施形態）
図９及び図１０はこの発明の第２の実施例を示す液晶表示素子の一部分の断面図及び前記液晶表示素子の一方の基板の一部分の平面図である。なお、この実施例において、上述した第１の実施例に対応するものには図に同符号を付し、同じものについてはその説明を省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
9 and 10 are a sectional view of a part of a liquid crystal display element and a plan view of a part of one substrate of the liquid crystal display element according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the components corresponding to those of the first embodiment described above, and the description of the same components is omitted.

この実施例の液晶表示素子は、反対側基板１２の内面の第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５の両方を、複数の櫛歯部を有する櫛形形状にパターニングされた櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１４ｂ，１５ｂにより形成し、これらの表示用電極１４，１５を、前記基板１２面に沿った方向に間隔を隔てて設けたものであり、他の構成は第１の実施例と同じである。   In the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, a comb-shaped ITO film 14b in which both the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12 are patterned into a comb shape having a plurality of comb teeth portions, The display electrodes 14 and 15 are formed at a distance in the direction along the surface of the substrate 12, and other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

なお、この実施例において、前記第１の表示用電極１４を形成する第１の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１４ｂは、各画素行毎に、その行の複数の画素Ａに対応する櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１４ｂ同士を一体につないだ形状に形成され、これらの各行の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１４ｂは、その端部において共通接続されており、前記第２の表示用電極１５を形成する第２の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ｂは、各画素Ａにそれぞれ対応させて設けられ、前記反対側基板１２の内面に形成された複数のＴＦＴ１６にそれぞれ接続されている。   In this embodiment, the first comb-shaped ITO film 14b forming the first display electrode 14 is formed by integrating the comb-shaped ITO films 14b corresponding to a plurality of pixels A in each row for each pixel row. The comb-shaped ITO films 14b of the respective rows are connected in common at the ends thereof, and the second comb-shaped ITO film 15b forming the second display electrode 15 is connected to each pixel. A corresponding to each A and connected to a plurality of TFTs 16 formed on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12.

また、前記第１の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１４ｂ及び第２の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ｂの各櫛歯部は、液晶表示素子の画面の上下方向、つまり前記画面の縦軸Ｏに対して、左右いずれか一方の方向に、５°〜１５°の角度θで傾いた方向に沿う細長形状に形成されており、これらの櫛歯部の幅ａ１，ａ２と、前記第１の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１４ｂの櫛歯部と前記第２の櫛形ＩＴＯ膜１５ｃの櫛歯部との間隔ｃの比ｃ／ａ１及びｃ／ａは、１／３〜３／１、好ましくは１／１に設定されている。   In addition, each comb-tooth portion of the first comb-shaped ITO film 14b and the second comb-shaped ITO film 15b is in the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element, that is, either the left or right with respect to the vertical axis O of the screen. Are formed in an elongated shape along a direction inclined at an angle θ of 5 ° to 15 °, and the widths a1 and a2 of the comb teeth and the comb teeth of the first comb-shaped ITO film 14b The ratios c / a1 and c / a of the distance c between the second comb-shaped ITO film 15c and the comb teeth portion are set to 1/3 to 3/1, preferably 1/1.

さらに、前記液晶表示素子の一対の基板１１，１２の内面に形成された配向膜２７，２８は、前記画面の上下方向（画面の縦軸Ｏ）と実質的に平行な方向に沿って互いに逆方向に配向処理されており、一対の偏光板２９，３０のうち、観察側の偏光板２８は、その透過軸を前記配向処理と実質的に平行にして配置され、反対側の偏光板３０は、その透過軸を前記観察側の偏光板２９の透過軸と実質的に直交または平行にして配置されている。   Further, the alignment films 27 and 28 formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 11 and 12 of the liquid crystal display element are opposite to each other along a direction substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the screen (vertical axis O of the screen). Of the pair of polarizing plates 29 and 30, the polarizing plate 28 on the observation side is arranged with its transmission axis substantially parallel to the alignment processing, and the polarizing plate 30 on the opposite side is The transmission axis is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal or parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 29 on the observation side.

この実施例の液晶表示素子においても、観察側基板１１の外面に、液晶層１３の全域に対応する静電気遮断用導電膜３１を設けているため、観察側から加わる静電気が、横電界による液晶分子の配向方位の制御に影響することはなく、したがって、前記静電気の影響を受けない安定した表示を行なうことができる。   Also in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, since the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 corresponding to the entire area of the liquid crystal layer 13 is provided on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 11, the static electricity applied from the observation side is liquid crystal molecules due to a lateral electric field. Therefore, stable display without being affected by the static electricity can be performed.

しかも、この液晶表示素子は、前記観察側基板１１の外面側に、フィルム基板３３とその一方の面に設けられたタッチ側導電膜（第２の導電膜）３４とからなるタッチフィルム３２を、前記タッチ側導電膜３４を前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に間隙をおいて対向させて配置し、このタッチフィルム３２と前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１とにより、観察側からの前記タッチフィルム３２の局部的タッチにより前記タッチ側導電膜３４を局部的に前記静電気遮断用導電膜３１に接触させるタッチ入力部を形成しているため、構造をほとんど複雑化及び厚型化させることなくタッチ入力機能を備えさせることができる。   Moreover, this liquid crystal display element has a touch film 32 comprising a film substrate 33 and a touch-side conductive film (second conductive film) 34 provided on one surface thereof on the outer surface side of the observation-side substrate 11. The touch-side conductive film 34 is disposed so as to face the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 with a gap therebetween, and the touch film 32 and the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 are used to localize the touch film 32 from the observation side. Since the touch input part is formed by bringing the touch-side conductive film 34 into contact with the static electricity shielding conductive film 31 locally by a mechanical touch, the touch input function is provided without making the structure almost complicated and thick. Can be made.

そして、この液晶表示素子は、前記横電界により液晶分子の配向方位を制御して画像を表示するものであるため、前記タッチフィルム３２のタッチにより観察側基板１１が内側に反り変形してその部分の表示が乱れても、タッチ解除による前記観察側基板１１の復元と同時に前記表示の乱れを解消することができ、したがって、タッチ入力の影響が残らない表示を行なうことができる。   Since the liquid crystal display element displays an image by controlling the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules by the lateral electric field, the observation side substrate 11 is warped and deformed inward by the touch of the touch film 32. Even if the display is disturbed, the disturbance of the display can be eliminated simultaneously with the restoration of the observation side substrate 11 by the release of the touch, and therefore, the display without the influence of the touch input can be performed.

また、この液晶表示素子は、上述した第１の実施例の液晶表示素子と同様に、観察側基板１１の内面に視野角制御用電極２５を設けているため、広視野角表示と狭視野角表示とを行なうとともに、その視野角を十分に広い角度範囲にわたって安定に制御することができる。   Further, similarly to the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment described above, this liquid crystal display element is provided with the viewing angle control electrode 25 on the inner surface of the observation side substrate 11, so that a wide viewing angle display and a narrow viewing angle are provided. In addition to performing display, the viewing angle can be stably controlled over a sufficiently wide angle range.

（他の実施形態）
なお、上記第１及び第２の実施例の液晶表示素子では、観察側とは反対側の基板１２の内面に横電界を生成する第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５を設け、観察側基板１１の内面に視野角制御用電極２５を設けているが、それと逆に、前記第１と第２の表示用電極１４，１５を観察側基板１１の内面に設け、前記視野角制御用電極２５を反対側基板１２の内面に設けてもよい。 (Other embodiments)
In the liquid crystal display elements of the first and second embodiments, the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 for generating a lateral electric field are provided on the inner surface of the substrate 12 opposite to the observation side, and the observation is performed. The viewing angle control electrode 25 is provided on the inner surface of the side substrate 11. On the contrary, the first and second display electrodes 14 and 15 are provided on the inner surface of the observation side substrate 11 to control the viewing angle. The electrode 25 may be provided on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 12.

また、この発明は、視野角制御を行なわない液晶表示素子にも適用することができ、その場合は前記視野角制御用電極２５は不要である。   The present invention can also be applied to a liquid crystal display element that does not perform viewing angle control, in which case the viewing angle control electrode 25 is unnecessary.

この発明の第１の実施例を示す液晶表示素子の一部分の断面図。1 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a liquid crystal display device showing a first embodiment of the present invention. 前記液晶表示素子の一方の基板の一部分の平面図。The top view of a part of one board | substrate of the said liquid crystal display element. 前記液晶表示素子の一対の基板の内面にそれぞれ設けられた配向膜の配向処理方向と偏光板の透過軸の向きを示す図。The figure which shows the orientation process direction of the orientation film | membrane provided in the inner surface of a pair of board | substrate of the said liquid crystal display element, respectively, and the direction of the transmission axis of a polarizing plate. 前記液晶表示素子の１つの画素の縦電界を生成しない状態における液晶分子の配向の変化を模式的に示す、横電界を生成しないときの配向方位図。FIG. 4 is an orientation diagram when a horizontal electric field is not generated, schematically showing a change in alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a state where a vertical electric field of one pixel of the liquid crystal display element is not generated. 前記１つの画素の縦電界を生成しない状態における液晶分子の配向の変化を模式的に示す、横電界を生成したときの配向方位図。The orientation azimuth | direction figure when producing | generating a horizontal electric field which shows typically the change of the orientation of a liquid crystal molecule in the state which does not produce | generate the vertical electric field of the said 1 pixel. 前記１つの画素の縦電界を生成した状態における液晶分子の配向の変化を模式的に示す、横電界を生成しないときの配向方位図。FIG. 3 is an orientation diagram when a horizontal electric field is not generated, schematically showing a change in alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a state where a vertical electric field of one pixel is generated. 前記１つの画素の縦電界を生成した状態における液晶分子の配向の変化を模式的に示す、横電界を生成したときの配向方位図。FIG. 6 is an orientation diagram when a horizontal electric field is generated, schematically showing a change in alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a state where a vertical electric field of the one pixel is generated. 前記液晶表示素子のタッチ入力部に接続するタッチ位置座標検出手段の構成図。The block diagram of the touch position coordinate detection means connected to the touch input part of the said liquid crystal display element. この発明の第２の実施例を示す液晶表示素子の一部分の断面図。Sectional drawing of the part of liquid crystal display element which shows 2nd Example of this invention. 第２の実施例の液晶表示素子の一方の基板の一部分の平面図。The top view of a part of one board | substrate of the liquid crystal display element of a 2nd Example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１，１２…基板、１３…液晶層、１３ａ…液晶分子、１４…第１の表示用電極、１５…第２の表示用電極、１６…ＴＦＴ、２２…ゲート配線、２３…データ配線、２４…層間絶縁膜、２５…視野角制御用電極、２６Ｒ，２６Ｇ，２６Ｂ…カラーフィルタ、２７，２８…配向膜、２９，３０…偏光板、３１…静電気遮断導電膜（第１の導電膜）、３２…タッチフィルム、３３…フィルム基板、３４…タッチ側導電膜（第２の導電膜）。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11,12 ... Board | substrate, 13 ... Liquid crystal layer, 13a ... Liquid crystal molecule, 14 ... 1st display electrode, 15 ... 2nd display electrode, 16 ... TFT, 22 ... Gate wiring, 23 ... Data wiring, 24 ... Interlayer insulating film, 25 ... viewing angle control electrode, 26R, 26G, 26B ... color filter, 27, 28 ... alignment film, 29, 30 ... polarizing plate, 31 ... static electricity shielding conductive film (first conductive film), 32 ... Touch film, 33 ... Film substrate, 34 ... Touch-side conductive film (second conductive film).

Claims (7)

平板状に形成されて第１の主面と第２の主面とを有し、前記第１の主面に透明な第１の導電膜が形成された第１の基板と、
平板状に形成されて第３の主面と第４の主面とを有し、前記第３の主面が前記第２の主面と対向するようにシール材によって前記第１の基板に貼り合わされた第２の基板と、
前記第１の基板と前記第２の基板との間に配置され、前記第２の主面及び前記第３の主面に対して平行に液晶分子が配向する液晶層と、
平板状に形成されて第５の主面と第６の主面とを有し、前記第６の主面に透明な第２の導電膜が形成され、前記第６の主面が前記第１の主面と対向するように配置された第３の基板と、
前記第１の導電膜と前記第２の導電膜との接触位置を検出する座標検出手段と、を備え、
互いの電極間に電圧が印加されて前記液晶分子の配向方位を変化させる第１の電極及び第２の電極が前記第３の主面に形成されていて、
前記液晶分子を前記第３の主面に対して斜めに立ち上がり配向させるとともに前記液晶層の厚さ方向と平行な方向である縦電界を前記一方の電極との間に生成する視野角制御用電極が前記第２の主面に形成されていて、
前記視野角制御用電極は、
広視野角表示を行う場合に前記第１の電極と第２の電極との間に供給される表示駆動電圧によって生成される横電界であって且つ前記液晶層の前記液晶分子の配向方位を前記第３の主面に平行な面内で制御する前記横電界により、前記液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域全体に対応させて設けられ、
当該視野角制御用電極と、前記第１の電極及び前記第２の電極のいずれか一方の電極との間に、前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧が供給され、
狭視野角表示を行う場合に、前記縦電界を生成する視野角制御電圧を供給する一方で、広視野角表示を行う場合に、前記視野角制御電圧を供給しないようにする視野角制御駆動手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。 A first substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface formed in a flat plate shape, and a transparent first conductive film formed on the first main surface;
It is formed in a flat plate shape, has a third main surface and a fourth main surface, and is affixed to the first substrate by a sealing material so that the third main surface faces the second main surface. A combined second substrate;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and having liquid crystal molecules aligned parallel to the second main surface and the third main surface;
It is formed in a flat plate shape and has a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface, a transparent second conductive film is formed on the sixth main surface, and the sixth main surface is the first main surface. A third substrate arranged to face the main surface of
Coordinate detection means for detecting a contact position between the first conductive film and the second conductive film,
A first electrode and a second electrode that change the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules by applying a voltage between the electrodes, and are formed on the third main surface;
A viewing angle control electrode that vertically aligns the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the third main surface and generates a vertical electric field that is parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer with the one electrode. Is formed on the second main surface,
The viewing angle control electrode is:
When performing a wide viewing angle display, the horizontal electric field generated by a display driving voltage supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer Provided in correspondence with the entire region in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the lateral electric field controlled in a plane parallel to the third main surface;
A viewing angle control voltage independent of the display driving voltage is supplied between the viewing angle control electrode and one of the first electrode and the second electrode,
Narrow when performing angle display, while supplying the viewing angle control voltage for generating the vertical electric field, the case of displaying a wide viewing angle, the viewing angle control drive means so as not to supply the viewing angle control voltage A liquid crystal display element, further comprising: カラーフィルタが前記第２の主面に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の液晶表示素子。   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a color filter is formed on the second main surface. 前記第５の主面に第１の偏光板が貼付されているとともに、前記第４の主面に第２の偏光板が貼付されていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の液晶表示素子。   3. The liquid crystal according to claim 1, wherein a first polarizing plate is attached to the fifth main surface, and a second polarizing plate is attached to the fourth main surface. 4. Display element. 前記第１の導電膜、前記第２の導電膜、第１の電極及び第２の電極のそれぞれは、ＩＴＯからなることを特徴とする請求項１から３の何れかに記載の液晶表示素子。   4. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein each of the first conductive film, the second conductive film, the first electrode, and the second electrode is made of ITO. 5. 前記第１の電極と前記第２の電極は、絶縁膜を介して互いに異なる層に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１から４の何れかに記載の液晶表示素子。   5. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are formed in different layers with an insulating film interposed therebetween. 平板状に形成されて第１の主面と第２の主面とを有し、前記第１の主面に透明な第１の導電膜が形成された第１の基板と、
平板状に形成されて第３の主面と第４の主面とを有し、前記第３の主面が前記第２の主面と対向するようにシール材によって前記第１の基板に貼り合わされた第２の基板と、
前記第１の基板と前記第２の基板との間に配置され、前記第２の主面及び前記第３の主面に対して平行に液晶分子が配向する液晶層と、
平板状に形成されて第５の主面と第６の主面とを有し、前記第６の主面に透明な第２の導電膜が形成され、前記第６の主面が前記第１の主面と対向するように配置された第３の基板と、
前記第１の導電膜と前記第２の導電膜との接触位置を検出する座標検出手段と、を備え、
画素毎に前記液晶分子を横電界制御する第１の電極及び第２の電極が前記第３の主面に形成されていて、
前記液晶分子を前記第３の主面に対して斜めに立ち上がり配向させるとともに前記液晶層の厚さ方向と平行な方向である縦電界を前記一方の電極との間に生成する視野角制御用電極が前記第２の主面に形成されていて、
前記視野角制御用電極は、
広視野角表示を行う場合に前記第１の電極と第２の電極との間に供給される表示駆動電圧によって生成される横電界であって且つ前記液晶層の前記液晶分子の配向方位を前記第３の主面に平行な面内で制御する前記横電界により、前記液晶分子の配向方位が制御される領域全体に対応させて設けられ、
当該視野角制御用電極と、前記第１の電極及び前記第２の電極のいずれか一方の電極との間に、前記表示駆動電圧に対して独立した視野角制御電圧が供給され、
狭視野角表示を行う場合に、前記縦電界を生成する視野角制御電圧を供給する一方で、広視野角表示を行う場合に、前記視野角制御電圧を供給しないようにする視野角制御駆動手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。 A first substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface formed in a flat plate shape, and a transparent first conductive film formed on the first main surface;
It is formed in a flat plate shape, has a third main surface and a fourth main surface, and is affixed to the first substrate by a sealing material so that the third main surface faces the second main surface. A combined second substrate;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and having liquid crystal molecules aligned parallel to the second main surface and the third main surface;
It is formed in a flat plate shape and has a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface, a transparent second conductive film is formed on the sixth main surface, and the sixth main surface is the first main surface. A third substrate arranged to face the main surface of
Coordinate detection means for detecting a contact position between the first conductive film and the second conductive film,
A first electrode and a second electrode for controlling a horizontal electric field of the liquid crystal molecules for each pixel are formed on the third main surface;
A viewing angle control electrode that vertically aligns the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the third main surface and generates a vertical electric field that is parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer with the one electrode. Is formed on the second main surface,
The viewing angle control electrode is:
When performing a wide viewing angle display, the horizontal electric field generated by a display driving voltage supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer Provided in correspondence with the entire region in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the lateral electric field controlled in a plane parallel to the third main surface;
A viewing angle control voltage independent of the display driving voltage is supplied between the viewing angle control electrode and one of the first electrode and the second electrode,
Narrow when performing angle display, while supplying the viewing angle control voltage for generating the vertical electric field, the case of displaying a wide viewing angle, the viewing angle control drive means so as not to supply the viewing angle control voltage A liquid crystal display element, further comprising: 前記第１の電極又は第２の電極が櫛歯状電極であることを特徴とする請求項１又は６に記載の液晶表示素子。   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode or the second electrode is a comb-like electrode.
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