JP5179929B2 - Meshing coupling - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a mesh coupling used for fixing a rotating body at a plurality of predetermined angular positions. When a workpiece (workpiece) is indexed and fixed at a plurality of angular positions by an indexing base, The present invention relates to a mesh coupling particularly suitable for indexing a tool mounted on a turret tool post.

  An indexing base that is fixed to a work table of a drilling machine or a machining center and can hold a work at a plurality of angular positions includes a base that is fixed to a work table of a machine tool, a housing that is integrated with the base, and a split that is pivotally supported by the housing. An output table and a coupling for fixing the index angle of the index table are provided. As this coupling, a face gear coupling (face gear coupling) that has high accuracy and rigidity and that can reduce the indexing pitch is widely used.

  There are two-piece type and three-piece type of surface gear joints. Two-piece type surface gear joints have one of a pair of surface gears with tooth surfaces facing each other on the fixed side (the non-rotating member side). The other side is the rotation side, and one of them can be moved forward and backward in the axial direction and urged in the advance direction, and the face gear on the side that can be advanced and retracted is advanced and meshed with the facing surface gear. Thus, the rotation of the rotating body is fixed.

  The tooth surface of the surface gear is inclined with respect to the surface including the axis of the gear, and when a rotational force is applied to the rotating gear of the meshing surface gear joint, it is fixed on the fixed side to fix it. The reaction force from the gear generates a component force in a direction to separate the meshing face gears. The reaction force elastically deforms the teeth of the surface gear, but the deformation of the teeth also reduces the accuracy of the index angle. Therefore, in order to maintain the index angle with high accuracy even when a force for rotating the rotating body is applied, the facing face gears must be biased in the meshing direction with a certain amount of force. In other words, in order to hold the indexing position of the rotating body firmly, it is necessary to press the rotating side and stationary side gears with a strong force, and whether to provide a hydraulic cylinder to generate the pressing force. In the case of manual operation, it has been necessary to generate a strong axial force by providing a screw device.

  However, since the index table is mounted on a work table that moves and turns, there is a problem in that the hydraulic piping is troublesome and the movement and turning of the work table are limited in a structure that is biased by a hydraulic cylinder. On the other hand, in the structure biased by the screw device, it takes time to engage and disengage the face gears, it is difficult to fix and release the index angle in one operation, and it takes time to change the index angle. There is a problem.

  Further, the surface gear on the advancing / retreating side needs to be provided on the fixed body or the rotating body so as to be axially movable and relatively non-rotatable. As a structure thereof, the surface gear on the advancing / retreating side is fixed or rotated. Many structures that are worn on the body are used. In order to be able to move forward and backward, it is necessary to have a clearance allowing the relative movement in the axial direction at the spline part, and when the rotational force is applied, the spline teeth are elastically deformed. It becomes a factor which reduces index position accuracy. In other words, even if the surface gears mesh with each other with a sufficiently strong axial force, the index position accuracy decreases due to the clearance and elastic deformation of the part that is attached to the fixed body or rotating body so that the forward and backward surface gears can move forward and backward. Then, there is a problem that rigidity for holding the index position is insufficient.

  According to the present invention, the force for pressing the gears can be small, high indexing accuracy can be maintained even when rotational force is applied, and the spline part is split when the advancing / retreating side gear is provided to be able to advance and retract. It is an object of the present invention to provide a meshing coupling that can avoid a decrease in extraction accuracy and a decrease in indexing rigidity.

  In the present invention, a tapered spur gear 7 in which external teeth 16 whose tooth thickness t on the cylindrical surface changes in a wedge shape in the tooth width w direction (gear shaft direction) is formed on the conical outer peripheral surface, and the tapered spur gear. By providing the meshing coupling 6 which is a pair with the tapered internal gear 8 formed on the inner circumferential surface of the cone or the regular polygonal pyramid, the inner teeth 19 meshing with the outer teeth 16 are divided by a small axial force. This makes it possible to reliably hold the exit angle.

  The meshing coupling 6 of the present invention has one of the tapered gears 7 and 8 meshing with each other regardless of whether one of them is a rotating side and the other is a fixed side, and is either a rotating side or a fixed side. One of them can be the axially fixed side, and the other can be the axially moving side (advanced / retracted side). However, since the device becomes compact and the gear can be machined with high accuracy relatively easily, and therefore the indexing accuracy can be increased, the tapered spur gear 7 is preferably on the rotating side and the advancing / retreating side.

  Furthermore, in the meshing coupling 6 of the present invention, the taper spur gear 7 or the taper internal gear that advances and retreats at the time of fitting / removing by utilizing the fact that the axial stroke of the advancing / retreating side gear at the time of fitting / removing of the coupling becomes large. By tightening the fitting portion with the spline 15 that guides the shaft 8 so as to be movable in the axial direction by the wedge action, the rotating body 3 can be indexed with high rigidity and high accuracy.

  That is, the advancing / retreating gear or a member (hereinafter referred to as an advancing / retracting member; in the illustrated embodiment, the tapered spur gear 7 or the fitting / removing ring 17) is connected to the advancing / retreating member and the spline 15 (the advancing / retreating member is provided). When the member is on the tapered internal gear side, the spline is disposed on the outer diameter side of the advancing and retracting member.) The member capable of elastic deformation from the fitting portion to the radial clearance of the fitting portion Remaining the thickness, the thickness of the member is reduced on the outer diameter side (when the advance / retreat member is a member on the tapered spur gear side) or on the inner diameter side (when the advance / retreat member is a member on the tapered internal gear side). A conical surface having a conical surface in a direction in which the fitting side is thinned and having an angle that exerts a wedge action is provided, and a pressing member having a conical surface that is axially pressed against the conical surface (the pressing ring in the illustrated embodiment) 23) The advance / retreat member is advanced (moved in the fitting direction) in step 23). Unisuru.

  According to the above structure, after the two tapered gears 7 and 8 are fitted and the axial movement of the advancing / retreating member is stopped, the pushing member is further urged in the fitting direction so that the pushing member becomes the cone. Due to the wedge force acting on the surface, the thickness of the member is deflected in the radial direction toward the spline 15 so that the spline 15 can be grasped in the radial direction for sliding movement provided in the spline fitting portion. By eliminating the play, the index angle can be fixed with high accuracy and high rigidity. Also in this structure, for the same reason as described above, it is appropriate that the advancing / retreating side member is a tapered spur gear or a member on the tapered spur gear side.

The meshing coupling according to the first aspect of the present application includes the teeth of the rotating gear 7 that is mounted on the rotating body 3 so as not to rotate relative to the teeth of the rotating gear 7 that is mounted on the fixed body 2 so as not to rotate. Is a meshing coupling that fixes and unfixes the index angle of the rotating body 3 , wherein the rotating side gear 7 or the fixed side gear 8 is connected to the rotating body 3 or the fixed body via a spline 15. 2, the pair of the rotation side gear 7 and the fixed side gear 8 includes a tapered spur gear 7 having external teeth 16 on the circumferential surface of the cone and the external teeth. it characterized in that a tapered internal gear 8 having the inner peripheral surface of the internal teeth 19 which meshes with the.

In addition to the above-described means , the meshing coupling according to the invention of claim 1 of the present application includes a gear (in the embodiment, a rotation side gear 7) mounted so as to be able to advance and retreat , or a ring-shaped member 17 integrated with the gear. A conical wedge surface 22 is formed between the ring 21 and the push ring 21 that pushes it in the advancing direction (fitting direction). When the push ring 21 advances, the gear or ring is caused by the wedge action of the conical wedge surface. The fitting portion of the shaped member with the spline 15 is elastically deformed in the radial direction to grasp the spline 15.

Further, the meshing coupling according to the invention of claim 2 of this application is in meshing coupling having means of the preceding claims 1 Symbol placement, strip plane the internal gear 8, inclined to the tooth width direction A plurality of taper racks 8a each having a predetermined length with teeth 19 meshing with the external teeth 16 of the tapered spur gear are formed on the inner circumferential surface of the regular polygonal pyramid. It is an internal gear.

  Since the teeth 16 and 19 of the tapered spur gear and the tapered internal gear are teeth having a large diameter on the large diameter side and a small thickness on the small diameter side on the cylindrical surface, the teeth 16 and 19 are separated from each other. Since the tolerance of the angle error between the two gears when engaging the two from the state is large and the cutting edges of both gears collide with each other, it is less likely that the engagement is prevented. Improves.

  In meshing coupling, one of the meshing gears is moved forward and backward in the axial direction to engage and disengage the coupling. However, the coupling of the present invention can be securely fitted with a small axial force. The operation force at the time of removal can be reduced, and the operation when simultaneously operating a plurality of couplings manually becomes easy. In addition, since the fitting surface is a conical surface or a pyramid surface, the gearing reaction force acts by inclining in the radial direction, and the friction force generated on the meshing surface of the tapered teeth by the fitting reaction force meshes with the gear. Since the axial separation of the pair is prevented, the engagement state is surely maintained.

  The mesh coupling of the present invention can maintain a high indexing position accuracy with a small axial biasing force, and is therefore suitable for an indexing table having a structure in which coupling is manually engaged and disengaged. There is an effect that it is possible to provide a manual indexing table that can perform the fixing and unlocking of light in a short time with a light force.

  Further, the spline 15 has a structure in which the fitting portion with the spline 15 that guides the taper spur gear 7 or the taper internal gear 8 that advances and retreats in the axial direction is tightened in the direction perpendicular to the axis by the wedge action when the advancement is made. Thus, it is possible to avoid a decrease in rigidity and indexing accuracy caused by the clearance of the fitting portion, and it is possible to index the rotating body 3 with high rigidity and high accuracy.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to an index base provided with the mesh coupling according to the present invention. The indexing table shown in the figure is an indexing table for indexing a workpiece attached to the table of the machining center and fixed to the indexing table. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the meshing coupling portion of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main part viewed in the direction A of FIG.

  In the figure, 1 is a base of an indexing base, 2 is a housing, 3 is an indexing table, 6 is a meshing coupling of the present invention, and 11 is an indexing shaft. The housing 2 is fixed to the base 1 with bolts (not shown), and the index shaft 11 is pivotally supported by the housing 2 so as to be freely rotatable. An indexing table 3 is fixed to one end of an indexing shaft 11 passing through the housing 2 in a direction parallel to the base 1, and a manual indexing handle 4 is attached to the other end. The meshing coupling 6 includes a tapered spur gear 7 provided on the indexing shaft 11 via an fitting / removing ring 17 so as to be movable forward and backward, and a tapered internal gear 8 fixed to the housing 2 via a fixing ring 18. It is formed with.

  A portion of the indexing shaft 11 on the indexing table side has a large diameter, and a spline 15 is provided on the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion 14, and the spline cannot rotate relative to the indexing shaft 11 and has a shaft. An engagement / disengagement ring 17 is fitted so as to be able to advance and retreat in the direction, and a tapered spur gear 7 having a taper external tooth 16 provided on the outer periphery thereof is fixed to the engagement / desorption ring 17. A tapered internal gear 8 having a tapered internal tooth 19 provided on the inner periphery is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of a fixing ring 18 fixed to the housing 2 and faces the tapered spur gear 7. The fitting / removing ring 17 moves to the left along the spline 15 in the drawing, and the tapered outer teeth 16 mesh with the tapered inner teeth 19, so that the indexing angle of the indexing shaft 11 is fixed and moves rightward so that the meshing of both is achieved. As a result, the indexing shaft 11 can freely rotate.

  The tapered outer teeth 16 and the tapered inner teeth 19 are teeth whose tooth thickness t on the cylindrical surface or a plane in contact with the cylindrical surface changes in a wedge shape in the tooth width w direction, and the tooth widths of the two gears meshing with each other. By adjusting the relative position in the w direction, it is used as a gear tooth whose backlash can be adjusted. By using a tapered spur gear and a tapered internal gear as a coupling for fixing the index angle, the allowable value of phase shift when fitting both is increased, and the indexing operation of the relatively rough indexing shaft 11 is performed. Thus, the mesh coupling 6 can be fitted, and the indexing operation becomes easy. In addition, the axial force for maintaining the engagement between the meshing teeth 16 and 19 is small, and the operating force when the coupling 6 is fitted and removed can be reduced.

  Highly accurate tapered spur gears and tapered racks (tapered linear gears) are provided as off-the-shelf products. For example, a tapered spur gear is provided as a product number KTSCP tapered spur gear by Kohara Gear Industry Co., Ltd., and a tapered rack is provided as a product number STRCPF tapered rack from the company. However, a gear having a tapered inner tooth cut on a conical inner peripheral surface is not provided. Therefore, in the illustrated embodiment, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of taper racks 8 a having a predetermined length (eight in the embodiment of FIG. 4) are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the pyramid of the fixing ring 18. A taper internal gear 8 having a fixed structure is used.

  On the rear side (handle 4 side) of the fitting / removing ring 17, a pushing ring 21 that pushes the fitting / removing ring 17 in the axial direction and pushes the tapered spur gear 7 against the tapered internal gear 8 is axially applied to the indexing shaft 11. It is movably inserted. The pushing surface 22 that abuts when the pushing ring 21 pushes the fitting / removing ring 17 in the fitting direction of the coupling 6 has a fitting / removing ring side on the cone outer circumferential surface and a pushing ring side on the cone inner circumferential surface. . The conical outer peripheral surface and the conical inner peripheral surface are conical surfaces having a large diameter on the fitting / removing ring 17 side. Further, the thickness between the outer circumferential surface of the cone on the fitting / removing ring 17 side and the inner circumference fitted to the spline 15 (the dimension in the radial direction) is the tip of the outer circumferential surface of the cone (the end on the push ring 21 side). Part) has a thickness that can be elastically deformed with a deflection amount corresponding to the clearance between the inner circumference and the spline 15. With this structure, after the pushing ring 21 pushes the fitting / removing ring 17 and the coupling 6 is fitted, the pushing ring 21 further pushes the conical outer peripheral surface of the fitting / removing ring 17, so that the conical outer peripheral surface is moved by the wedge action. The inner periphery of the fitting / removing ring 17 clamps the spline 15 by being squeezed inward. Thereby, the highly accurate positioning of the coupling 6 and the prevention of the occurrence of errors due to the play of the spline fitting portion are performed simultaneously.

  A drive ring 23 for advancing and retracting the push ring 21 in the axial direction is fitted on the indexing shaft 11 so as to be movable in the axial direction behind the push ring 21 (on the handle 4 side). Between the drive ring 23 and the push ring 21, a spring 24 for biasing the push ring 21 toward the fitting / removing ring 17 is interposed. The spring 24 has a structure in which disc spring washers are overlapped, and is provided to apply an urging force for maintaining the engagement of the coupling 6.

  The fitting / removing ring 17, the pushing ring 21 and the drive ring 23 are connected to each other so as to be slightly movable in the axial direction via the long holes 25 and 26 in the axial direction and the pins 27 inserted therein. That is, the pin 27 planted on the drive ring 23 is inserted into the axially long hole 25 of the fitting / removing ring 17 and the axially long hole 26 of the push ring 21. The long hole 25 of the fitting / removing ring is longer than the long hole 26 of the push ring. When the drive ring 23 moves to the right in the drawing, the push ring 21 moves to the right by the contact between the long hole 26 of the push ring and the pin 27, and the spline 15 is clamped by pressing the conical push face 22. After unraveling, the pin 27 comes into contact with the end of the long hole 25 of the fitting / removing ring, and the fitting / removing ring 17 is moved to the right to release the fitting of the coupling 6.

  An oscillating shaft 12 orthogonal to the indexing shaft 11 with a space is supported on the housing 2, and a fitting / removing lever 5 is fixed to the upper end of the oscillating shaft 12 protruding from the upper surface of the housing 2. ing. Between the fitting / removing lever 5 and the housing 2, there is a detent action of the fitting / removing lever 5, that is, a tension spring 9 for holding the fitting / removing lever 5 at the fitting side swing end and the fitting release side swing end. It is stretched. The oscillating shaft 12 is disposed at a distance from the axial center of the indexing shaft 11 by the length of the oscillating arm 13 fixed thereto.

  A circumferential groove is provided on the outer periphery of the drive ring 23, and a shift ring 32 in which a radial pin 31 is planted at a position of 180 degrees on the outer periphery is provided around the indexing shaft 11. It is inserted freely. The pin 31 is fitted with a fork at the tip of the swing arm 13 fixed to the swing shaft 12. In other words, the swinging of the fitting lever 5 swings the swinging arm 13 and the shift ring 32 is reciprocated in the axial direction of the indexing shaft 11 so that the drive ring 23 is advanced and retracted. Prolapse is done.

  A spur gear 35 having a number of teeth equal to the number of teeth of the tapered spur gear 7 is fixed to the indexing shaft 11, and a ball 37 is provided on the housing 2 to be elastically pressed against the tooth surface of the spur gear by a spring 36. ing. When the indexing shaft 11 is rotated by the indexing handle 4, the ball 37 is fitted between the teeth of the spur gear 35 for each tooth of the spur gear 35, and the angle of the indexing shaft 11 is held lightly. By fitting the coupling 6 at the position, the coupling 6 can be fitted without colliding the end face of the teeth. A scale indicating the rotation angle is provided on the outer periphery of the index table 3, and the operator sets the index angle of the index table 3 by turning the index handle 4 while viewing the scale.

  Next, the operation of the indexing table in the illustrated embodiment will be described. The workpiece to be processed is fixed to the indexing table 3 with a known appropriate fixing tool. The fitting / removing lever 5 is swung to the fitting release side to release the fitting of the coupling 6, and the indexing handle 4 is turned to set the indexing table 3 to a desired indexing angle. Then, the coupling 6 is fitted by swinging the fitting / removing lever 5 toward the fitting side. In this state, since the indexing table 3 is fixed at a desired indexing angle, the workpiece is processed at the indexing angle in that state.

Longitudinal sectional view of an index table provided with the coupling of the present invention Enlarged view of the coupling part in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part viewed in the direction A of FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part viewed in the direction B of FIG. Schematic plan view showing exaggerated shapes of tapered spur gear and tapered rack

Explanation of symbols

2 Housing (fixed body)
3 Rotating body (indexing table)
4 Indexing handle 6 Coupling coupling 7 Taper spur gear (rotary gear)
8 Tapered internal gear (fixed side gear)
8a Tapered rack 11 Indexing shaft 15 Spline 16 Tapered external teeth 17 Fitting / removing ring 18 Fixed ring 19 Tapered internal teeth 21 Pushing ring 24 Spring

Claims (2)

The rotating body (7) mounted on the rotating body (3) and the teeth of the rotating side gear (7) fixedly mounted on the rotating body (2) and the teeth of the fixed side gear (8) mounted non-rotatably on and off the rotating body (3). (3) A coupling coupling for fixing and releasing the indexing angle , wherein the rotation-side gear or the fixed-side gear can move forward and backward in the axial direction with respect to the rotation body or the fixed body via a spline (15). In the meshing coupling installed ,
The pair of the rotation side gear (7) and the fixed side gear (8) includes a tapered spur gear (7) having external teeth (16) on a conical circumferential surface and an internal tooth (19) meshing with the external teeth. Ri tapered internal gear (8) der having a peripheral surface, the movably mounted gear or the gear pushing ring pushes it in the advancing direction integrally of the ring-shaped member (17) (21 ) And a conical wedge surface (22) is formed, and when the push ring advances, the fitting portion of the gear or ring-shaped member with the spline of the conical wedge surface has a radial direction. elastically deformed, it said to grasp the spline meshing coupling. The internal gear (8) has a plurality of taper racks (8a) of a predetermined length provided with teeth (19) meshing with external teeth (16) of the tapered spur gear on a belt-like plane inclined in the tooth width direction. The mesh coupling according to claim 1, which is an internal gear having an inner circumferential surface of a regular polygonal pyramid formed by forming an inner circumferential surface of the regular polygonal pyramid .

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