JP5173455B2 - High temperature prevention device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing a rooftop from being heated to a high temperature so that, for example, a space under the rooftop of a building does not become a high temperature.

  Building roofs and artificial ground are usually finished with presser concrete or asphalt pavement. This is one of the factors that cause the heat island phenomenon in urban areas because the temperature rises and accumulates heat, especially in summer, due to solar radiation. Furthermore, since the temperature inside the building also rises and the indoor environment deteriorates, there is a problem of increasing air conditioning load such as cooling and energy consumption.

  As a method for solving such a state that the space under the floor becomes high temperature due to heat absorption by the rooftop, there are greening of the rooftop and application of a paint that reduces the high temperature due to reflection on the rooftop surface. These methods are called cool roofs, and their spread is being promoted.

  However, in rooftop greening, it is necessary to maintain the soil for rooting and the structures that support it, as well as the maintenance of plants, and it is also necessary to remove the greening components in rooftop waterproofing work that has passed the endurance years There are also costs and labor.

  Tree planting has a healing effect and is necessary, but there is almost no use on the rooftop except for buildings made up of department stores and customers, and it is only a place for water supply and cooling equipment. It is doubtful whether there is a real need for greening on the current rooftop.

  The low temperature paint also has a low temperature effect of about 10 ° C. with respect to 60 ° C., and there is a situation where the low temperature effect is low with respect to the coating cost. Furthermore, the decision on whether to leave the paint as it is or to peel it off is not yet made for the next waterproofing work.

Therefore, there is a system that can suppress the rise in the temperature of the rooftop, regardless of the greening or low temperature paint. This includes, for example, a waterproof layer laminated on the top of a roof slab of a building such as an apartment, and a waterproof layer. A water conveyance material layer made of a material having a function of diffusing water laminated on the upper part, a water conveyance material layer made of a material having water conductivity, water pumping capacity and water retention property laminated on the upper part of the water conveyance material layer, and a water conveyance material layer Water absorption means for supplying water to the water (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-126993

  In the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-126993, a waterproof layer, a water conveyance material layer, and a pumping material layer are sequentially stacked on a roof slab, and water supply means for supplying water to the water conveyance material layer cooperates with both layers. It is a wettable system that wets the entire surface by action, and it is necessary to combine a plurality of layers having different properties, and it is also necessary to supply water to the laminate by water supply means.

  For this reason, the system becomes complicated, and it is necessary not only to prepare layers of various different materials, but also to construct these layers one after another, which is troublesome.

  The present invention eliminates the inconveniences of the conventional example, and as a means of mitigating the heat island phenomenon, it requires less maintenance work than greening, is easy to install, and can be installed by people without specialized knowledge. A low-cost high temperature prevention device is provided.

The invention according to claim 1 is a high temperature prevention device installed on the roof of a building, etc., which forms a base made of a water-retaining base material and reaches the laying surface and a water passage hole reaching the laying surface of the base It is a gist that a water passage hole not to be provided is provided from the upper part to the lower part, the upper part of the base is covered with a metal material, and a hole communicating with the water hole provided in the base is formed in the metal material. To do.

The invention described in claim 2 is a high temperature prevention device installed on the roof of a building or the like, wherein a plurality of water-retaining base materials are vertically stacked to form a base, and water holes and bases reaching each layer are formed. A water passage hole reaching the laying surface was provided from the upper layer to the lower layer, the upper part of the base was covered with a metal material, and a hole communicating with the water hole provided in the base was formed in the metal material. This is the gist.

  According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, water can be retained with a structure in which the substrate is formed by forming a single layer or multiple layers of the water-retaining substrate, so that construction is easy and no special technique is required. Base materials are also readily available.

  Further, since it is only necessary to provide a water passage hole penetrating in the vertical direction in the layered base material, water (including rainwater) flowing down from above reaches this layer and further flows into a gap between the layers. Thus, the water absorption area is increased by diffusion, and the water reaching the bottom surface is further diffused to the entire bottom of the base and then pumped up and absorbed by each layer, so that a large amount of water can be secured.

  And the water | moisture content kept water reduces gradually, and it can aim at the low temperature of a rooftop by evaporating.

  Further, by providing a metal material on the upper surface of the base, the metal material is cooled by wind, thereby promoting the low temperature of the base including water existing on the back surface. And the evapotranspiration of the water from the base surface is reduced by the metal material, and the water retention time can be extended.

  Moreover, even if the surface is covered with a metal material, since the holes are formed in this, the diffusion of water to the base and the circulation of air can be generated and prevented from being peeled off.

  Furthermore, sunlight is reflected by the luster of the metal to reduce heat absorption, and high temperature is reduced.

  Due to the durability and the property of being difficult to deform, the deterioration of the substrate is prevented and the durability is enhanced.

  The gist of the invention described in claim 3 is that a plurality of the bases are arranged in a horizontal direction through gaps, and the gaps serve as water passage holes that reach the laying surface.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, a water passage hole that reaches the laying surface is formed only by arranging a plurality of base materials in the horizontal direction through the gap, and thus reaches the laying surface. There is no need to make a water hole separately, and processing and construction are easy.

  The gist of the invention described in claim 4 is that the water retention base material is made of flat paper, concrete or ceramics.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, cardboard or the like can be used, and the material for the base material can be easily obtained.

  As described above, the high temperature prevention device of the present invention only needs to provide a single layer or multiple layers of flat plates made of a single material such as corrugated cardboard as a means for suppressing a rise in the temperature on the roof, and to provide a hole for water passage therethrough. Therefore, there is less maintenance than in the case of greening, etc., construction is easy, there is no expertise, it can be done by ordinary people who do not have special technology, and the material has water retention Since it was used, it can maintain a low temperature equivalent to greening.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of the high temperature prevention device of the present invention. The high temperature prevention device of the present invention is laid on a floor surface such as a roof of a building, for example, cardboard, concrete, ceramics, etc. The base material 1 is a flat plate made of the material.

  The base 3 has a multilayer structure as shown in FIG. 1 and is formed by stacking a plurality of base materials 1 in the vertical direction. Moreover, the base material 1 having a thickness as shown in FIG.

  The reason why corrugated cardboard, concrete, or ceramics is adopted as the material of the base material 1 is that these are light weight and have integrated water conductivity, water permeability, water permeability and water retention.

  A large number of water passage holes 2 arranged in the radial direction are formed in the base material 1 in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. A plurality of holes having different depths such as shallow ones, deep ones, and ones penetrating to the bottom are formed as the water passage holes 2. The water passage hole 2 should be within 25% of the surface area that is the uppermost surface of the base material 1, and if it exceeds that, the shape of the base material 1 is lost.

  A plurality of the plate-like base materials 1 are stacked in the vertical direction to form the base 3, and the base aggregate 3a is configured by juxtaposing them in the horizontal direction (see FIGS. 1 and 4). In this state, the water holes 2 drilled in each base material 1 communicate with each other in the vertical direction, and as a whole are shallow, deep, or reach and penetrate the laying surface 6 such as the roof surface of the roof, etc. The water holes 2 having different depths are formed in the base 3.

  When the base materials 1 are stacked, a gap 4 serving as a water passage is provided between the base materials 1 and a similar gap 4 is provided between the base material 1 and the laying surface 6. Can do. The gap 4 is formed by arranging a member to be a spacer, for example. The size of the gap 4 is several mm, and is adjusted according to the properties of the base material 1. In addition, when the surface of the base material 1 is rough, the gap 4 naturally occurs, and therefore it is not necessary to newly provide the gap 4. Water moves through these gaps 4 and plays a role of a water supply channel or a pumping channel in the base 3.

  Furthermore, when connecting each base material 1 (base 3) continuously in the horizontal direction, the gap 7 is provided between the base materials 1 as shown in FIG. This is formed as a through hole (water passage hole 2).

  As described above, the base 3 (base assembly 3 a) configured such that a plurality of base materials 1 are stacked and continuously arranged in the horizontal direction is formed by the water holes 2, the gaps 4, and the gaps 7. Water retention to each layer and water supply to the bottom become possible, and water supply from the top (including rainwater) and pumping from the bottom occur. As a result, it is possible to retain 40% of the weight of the base by retaining the entire base 3, and the retained water gradually decreases, and the entire water evaporates and leaves the base 3 for 5 to 10 days. It will be necessary to the extent that it has sufficient water retention function.

  The cardboard substrate 3 has a water absorption / retention rate of 100% or more with respect to the weight, but it is paper, so there is a drawback that it loses its shape when lifted. For this, the strength is increased by adopting a multi-layered structure (for example, three sheets are stacked) as described above. In this case, it is necessary to fix each layer on the entire surface of the base 3 in order to maintain the multilayer structure.

  The characteristics of the cardboard substrate 3 are good water absorption and fast drying, fast evapotranspiration due to high-temperature air, and low moisture retention. Unlike soil, which maintains 10% water retention rate for 3 days, 10% water retention rate disappears within 6 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C and wind power of 4m.

  However, the continuity of water retention is inferior to rooftop greening with moisture retention. Therefore, a method for gradually evaporating the water once contained in the cardboard base 3 is necessary for this problem. The method consists in reflecting sunlight on the surface of the water-retaining substrate 3 and covering it with a metal material that does not have high heat properties (high heat conductivity), such as aluminum. The metal material is preferably used as a thin metal sheet.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, at least the upper part of the base 3, that is, the surface of the uppermost base material 1, such as an aluminum foil having a large number of water passage holes 8, is lightweight and easy to process, and is inexpensive The metal thin plate 9 is installed. The metal thin plate 9 has a property that the metal material is heated and immediately cooled, in particular, has a function of being cooled by wind. By covering the surface (upper surface and side surface) of the base material 1 with the metal thin plate 9, the front side is heated. However, the temperature reduction of the base material 1 containing moisture on the back side is promoted.

  Next, the operation will be described. When the base 3 of the present invention is laid on the laying surface 6 such as the floor surface of the building, water supply from the top (including rainwater) makes use of the characteristic that water moves downward, and penetrates from the top to the bottom of the base 3 The water flow holes 2 that reach the respective layers from the upper surface and the water flow holes 2 that use the gaps 7 are provided, so that water that has flowed down to these water flow holes 2 further passes through the gaps 4. It penetrates into each layer, reaches the bottom surface and is supplied with water, and further spreads horizontally across the bottom surface through the gap 4 with the laying surface 6, and is absorbed (pumped) by the base 3 again to increase the amount of water retained.

  Moreover, by the structure which does not adhere | attach the joining surface of a layer by a multilayer structure, water diffuses in the clearance gap 4 and a water absorption area increases, a water absorption speed | rate is increased, and the water supply from an upper part is spread | diffused to the whole base | substrate 3 without waste.

  And many water flow holes 2, gaps 4, and gaps 7 cause diffusion of water to the base 3 and circulation of air, thereby preventing steaming and anaerobic conditions.

  Moreover, it has the function of reducing the evapotranspiration from the surface of the substrate 3 and extending the duration of water retention.

  Furthermore, since the surface is covered with a thin metal plate 9 having a high light reflection such as an aluminum foil, the gloss is reflected by sunlight, reducing heat absorption and reducing the temperature rise. In addition, the evapotranspiration of the water absorbed and retained by the base 3 is moderated. Furthermore, the cooling function generated on the front side of the metal material (metal thin plate 9) delays the transfer of heat to the base 3, reduces the amount of heat with respect to the base 3, and promotes low temperature.

  Further, due to the robustness and water resistance of the metal material, the base 3 made of cardboard is protected from the surface, and deterioration and shape loss are prevented to improve durability.

The dry weight of the corrugated board base 3 is 3 kg or more, and when it absorbs 100% of water at 2 kg / m 2 or more, it is 4 kg / m 2 or less. This is within the criteria of load for rooftop greening and load that can be loaded on general rooftops and balconies.

  The cardboard base 3 can be laid in the form of a roll when manufactured as an industrial product in the same manner as a carpet. Manufacture by hand, for example, dismantle empty cardboard boxes and arrange them in a flat shape in the horizontal direction and fix them with anchors or stones to prevent movement in the wind, etc. The temperature reduction of the base 3 can be promoted by watering.

  And since the board | substrate 3 made from corrugated paper is made from paper, if it becomes unnecessary after use, it will each be recycled as resource garbage, and the metal thin plate 9 will be recycled as metal garbage, respectively.

  FIG. 7 shows the experimental results of the low-temperature effect by the cardboard base 3 covered with aluminum foil. Water spraying during the day shows -6 ° C on the surface of the aluminum cardboard (base 3) and -4 ° C on the concrete floor under the aluminum cardboard (laying surface 6) with respect to the surface temperature of the concrete floor. In other words, it was shown that even if the substrate 3 was heated, the temperature was lowered. The water retention rate of the corrugated board base 3 at this time was 83%, decreasing by 16% in about 3 hours, and it is considered that the heat of vaporization caused by this decrease promoted the lowering of temperature (see FIG. 7).

  In the morning, the concrete floor and foundation 3 were sprayed before the temperature increased to reduce heat accumulation in Fig. 8. The surface temperature of the concrete floor was 47 ° C maximum, while the surface of the aluminum cardboard (base 3) The surface of the concrete floor under the aluminum cardboard (laying surface 6) was 38 ° C. at 42 ° C., and it was found that the temperature was lowered.

  Although not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the low-temperature effect due to the coating of a metal material such as an aluminum foil is remarkable as compared with the case where it is not coated with an aluminum foil or the like. FIG. 9 shows an embodiment using a lightweight and soft concrete base 3 to be described later as the water retention base 1. The surface temperature of the base 3 (soft concrete flat surface aluminum foil) whose surface was covered with aluminum foil with respect to the base 3 (soft concrete flat plate) not covered with aluminum foil showed a low temperature of 5 to 7 ° C. Both the surface temperature of the base 3 and the laying surface 6 are within the target ranges, and it has become clear that the high temperature prevention device of the present invention using the concrete base 3 also promotes low temperature.

  In this way, the substrate 3 can be simply made of paper such as cardboard or cardboard, but the substrate 3 is poor in durability. Since there is a problem that the base 3 is out of shape due to lack of water resistance, the base 3 is stronger than paper and has high durability, and concrete and ceramics that have the property that the water contained in the base 3 gradually evaporates. Should be used.

When employing concrete, it is preferable to use water-retaining concrete. An example of water-retaining concrete is a lightweight concrete cement matrix hardened with light-weight coarse aggregate and light-weight fine aggregate. It is a lightweight and soft concrete (see JP 2007-314367 A). This lightweight / soft concrete has a moisture content (%) (= 100 × (W2−W1) / W1) of 60% or more and a moisture content of 60% when the dry weight is W1 and the saturated water weight is W2. The specific gravity is 1 or less. It is preferable to use zeolite as the light coarse aggregate, vermiculite as the light fine aggregate, low pH cement mainly composed of MgO and P ₂ O ₅ as the cement, and cotton as the plant fiber.

  The base 3 made of water-retaining concrete used in the examples is formed by a base material 1 formed into a flat plate shape. Structurally, it has a water passage hole 2 and gaps 4 and 7, similar to the cardboard base 3. As the water passage hole 2, a plurality of holes having different depths such as shallow ones, deep ones, and ones penetrating to the bottom are formed (see FIGS. 1 and 3). The water passage hole 2 is designed to lead to faster water absorption by being within 60% of the surface area which is the uppermost surface of the base 3.

Furthermore, the light weight of the cardboard base 3 is also required. The base 3 made of water-retaining concrete used in the examples has a thickness of 3 cm, a dry weight of 11 kg / m 2, a moisture content of 50% and a weight of 16 kg / m 2, and is within the range of load conditions for rooftop greening. As an example of the load of rooftop greening, 110 to 150 kg / m ² (a state sufficiently containing water) is obtained in the case of the diatom / flower name artificial method having a soil thickness of 10 to 15 cm and a drainage layer of 5 cm.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a ceramic heat insulating paint (trade name: Sister Coat) is applied to the surface of the lightweight / soft concrete base 3. It was revealed that the surface temperature (with coating) of the substrate 3 to which the heat insulating coating was applied was about 10 ° C. lower than that without the coating (usually), and about 15 ° C. lower than the surface temperature on the roof (the roof at the comparison point). According to the inventor's observation, it was effective to apply the heat insulating coating to the surface (upper surface and side surface) of the substrate 3 and to the back surface.

  Furthermore, the temperature reduction is further promoted by absorbing the water retaining concrete base 3 coated with the heat insulating paint with rain water or hammering water. According to the example, the surface temperature (paint surface / wet) of the base 3 in a state where the water content was maintained at 30% by weight decreased by about 20 ° C. with respect to the surface temperature of the roof (comparison point roof). In addition, the indoor ceiling temperature under the rooftop floor was lower by about 5 ° C. in the portion where the base 3 was installed (below the ceiling under the block) than in the portion where the base 3 was not installed (the ceiling at the comparison point). (See FIG. 10).

  Ceramics can also be used as the water retention base material 1. When using ceramics, it is preferable to use porous ceramics. Examples of porous ceramics include sponge ceramics (foamed ceramics) having flat continuous through pores described in JP-A-2005-239467. An equivalent product is available on the market under the trade name Hycera.

  The base 3 made of concrete or ceramics is desirably integrated so that the layers do not shift in order to maintain a multilayer structure. For example, when the base 3 is installed on the roof of a building, the base 3 is positioned and fixed using a fixing member such as a metal fitting. The construction example which installs the board | substrate 3 in a folded-plate roof with a fixing member in FIG. 11 is shown. A base metal fitting 11 is provided on the convex portion 10 a of the folded plate roof 10, and the base 3 is supported by the base metal fitting 11. One end of an end fitting 12 serving as a fixing member is fixed to the base fitting 11. The other end of the end fitting 12 positions and fixes the end edge of the base 3, and also has a function of preventing the metal material (the metal thin plate 9) covered on the top of the base 3 from being moved by wind or the like. . By providing the gap 7 between the bases 3, the gap 7 is formed as the water passage hole 2. Thus, even if the rooftop of the building which becomes the laying surface 6 has irregularities, the base 3 can be installed.

  The construction example shown in FIG. 11 is also applicable to the cardboard base 3. In addition, a partition may be provided in the concave portion 10 b of the folded plate roof 10 to form the water storage space 13, and water supply means for the base 3 may be configured.

It is a vertical front view of a base material. It is a top view of a base material. It is a vertical side view of the base material which shows the state of a single layer . It is a front view which shows the state of the principal part which shows the state which arranged the base material . It is a perspective view which shows embodiment of the high temperature prevention apparatus of this invention. It is a front view which shows embodiment of the high temperature prevention apparatus of this invention. It is a graph which shows low temperature at the time of hitting water on a corrugated board base in the daytime. It is a graph which shows low temperature at the time of watering a corrugated board base in the morning. It is a graph which compares the temperature reduction in the case where it coat | covers with the metal thin board with the water-retaining concrete base | substrate, and when not coat | covering. It is a graph which compares the temperature reduction when not applying with the case where heat insulation paint is applied to a water-retaining concrete base. It is a vertical front view which shows the state which installed the base | substrate in the folded-plate roof with the fixing member.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base material 2 Water flow hole 3 Base 4 Gap 3a Base aggregate 6 Laying surface 7 Gap 8 Hole 9 Metal thin plate (metal material)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Folded plate roof 10a Convex part 10b Concave part 11 Base metal fitting 12 End metal fitting (fixing member)
13 Water storage space

Claims (4)

A high temperature prevention device installed on the roof of a building, etc., which forms a base made of water-retaining base material, and has a water passage hole reaching the laying surface of the base and a water passage hole not reaching the laying surface from above. An apparatus for preventing high temperature, characterized in that it is provided toward the lower part, the upper part of the base is covered with a metal material, and a hole communicating with a water passage hole provided in the base is formed in the metal material . A high temperature prevention device installed on the roof of a building, etc., which forms a base by vertically stacking a plurality of water retention base materials, and a water passage hole reaching each layer and a water passage hole reaching the laying surface of the base The upper part of the base is covered with a metal material, and a hole communicating with the water passage hole provided in the base is formed in the metal material. apparatus.   The high temperature prevention device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of the bases are arranged in a horizontal direction through gaps, and the gaps serve as water passage holes that reach the laying surface.   The high-temperature prevention device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water retention base material is made of flat paper, concrete, or ceramics.

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