JP5167466B2 - 感染性細菌における自己溶解を誘導するための方法 - Google Patents
感染性細菌における自己溶解を誘導するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、患者における細菌感染症の蔓延防止および治療のための方法に関する。本発明は、好ましい態様において、細菌細胞間コミュニケーションの過程に関与するアシルホモセリンラクトンシグナル伝達分子に対する親和性および特異性を有する免疫グロブリンまたは免疫グロブリン様受容体分子に基づく治療法を提供する。このような分子と結合させることより、これらの受容体を、緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)における環境感知および毒性に関与する分子の細胞外濃度を調節するために用いることができ、そうすることで、細菌集団における急速な細胞死(自己溶解)の過程を誘導することができる。
今日、病院で治療を受ける患者の死亡および疾病の主な原因の一つは、院内感染に起因するものである。このような感染症に対する感受性は、患者の受診の理由となった原疾患の結果であることもあれば、免疫抑制療法の結果であることも、または重大な皮膚損傷(例えば、熱傷)を引き起こす傷害の結果であることもある。症例の最も高い割合で原因となっている細菌は、緑膿菌である。これはヒトの日和見病原体の典型である。この細菌は免疫低下状態にない組織を感染させることはほとんどないが、組織が何らかの様式で免疫低下状態になれば、感染させない組織はほどんどない。これは比較的少数の種からなるものの、ヒトの健康に対して深刻な脅威を与えるため、本明細書ではこれ以後、感染性細菌の代表例として用いるが、これは本発明の領域(scope)または範囲(extent)をいかなる形でも限定するものではない。
本発明は、細菌細胞シグナル伝達分子の細胞外濃度を調節することにより、病原性細菌である緑膿菌の数を減らすための方法を提供する。ラクトン由来細胞シグナル分子の選択的除去(結合または分解)により、緑膿菌の急速な細胞死(または自己溶解)を誘発するAHLシグナル分子とPQSシグナル分子との比の不均衡を生じさせる。または、PQSを単独で、または抗AHL受容体と併用して投与することもできる。他の殺菌性治療法は細菌に直接作用して死滅を引き起こすが、本発明は、高い集団密度を持続することができない環境を模倣し、そうすることで細菌細胞数の急減を誘導するために、細胞外シグナル伝達分子を標的とする。このため、治療法に対して耐性のある菌株が出現する可能性ははるかに低いと考えられる。
の分子であってよい。
式中、nは1〜7であってよく、
R1は=O、または-Hであってよく、
R2は-OHまたは-Hであってよく、かつ
R3は-Hであってよい、または代替的には、芳香環がさらに不飽和性である場合は窒素原子(N)は非置換性であってよい。
未処理のヒト抗体ファージディスプレイライブラリーを、アシルホモセリンラクトンdDHL(ドデカノイルホモセリンラクトン)の結合体に対してスクリーニングした。手短に述べると、アシル鎖の末端にカルボキシル基を含むdDHLの誘導体を、よく知られた化学的手法を用いて、担体タンパク質であるウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)およびウシチログロブリン(TG)と結合させた。抗体ライブラリーをそれぞれの結合体に対して交互に3回スクリーニング(パニング)し、結合体と結合したファージを単離し、増幅して、以降の回のために用いた。1回目の後には、すべての結合性ファージを回収して増幅した。2回目および3回目の際には、遊離性の可溶性天然型dDHLまたはBHL(ブチル-ホモセリンラクトン)の溶液とのインキュベーションにより、固定化した結合体から結合ファージを溶出させた。3回目によるモノクローナルファージ抗体を、まず両方のAHL結合体および担体タンパク質のみに対する結合に関してスクリーニングした。結合体を形成した抗原のみと結合したクローンを、競合結合ELISAにより、遊離dDHLまたは遊離BHLと結合する能力に関してさらにスクリーニングした。遊離dDHL(Hap 2)および遊離BHL(Hap 5)の存在下でdDHL-結合体に対する結合が阻害された、Hap 2およびHap 5と命名された2種類のクローンが単離された(図1)。
緑膿菌の臨床分離株PA01を、連続プレート希釈による評価で約5×108個のCFUを含む一晩培養したPA01肉汁培養液50マイクロリットルを腹腔内に注射することにより、雌性BALB/cマウス(Charles River、約30日齢)中で継代した。24時間後に血液試料を後眼窩静脈叢から採取し、PA01分離株を血液培養物から回収した。分離株が緑膿菌であることは、グラム染色、コロニー形態およびピオシアニン産生によって確かめた。細菌のアリコートは-70℃で保存し、必要時に急速解凍して遠心分離により収集して、50マイクロリットルの無菌リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)またはHap2抗体を37.5μMの濃度で含む無菌PBS中に再懸濁させた。細菌のアリコートを氷上に置き、PBSによる連続希釈物をさまざまな時点(0分、20分、40分)で血液寒天基礎培地プレートにプレーティングした。プレートを37℃で一晩インキュベートし、各時点での生菌数を決定するためにコロニーを算定した(図2)。
緑膿菌の臨床分離株PA01を、連続プレート希釈による評価で約5×108個のCFUを含む一晩培養したPA01肉汁培養液50マイクロリットルを腹腔内に注射することにより、雌性BALB/cマウス(Charles River、約4週齢)中で継代した。24時間後に血液試料を後眼窩静脈叢から採取し、PA01分離株を血液培養物から回収した。分離株が緑膿菌であることは、グラム染色、コロニー形態およびピオシアニン産生によって確かめた。細菌のアリコートは-70℃で保存し、必要時に急速解凍して遠心分離により収集して、無菌リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)中に再懸濁させた。PBSによる連続希釈物を、生菌数算定のために血液寒天基礎培地プレートにプレーティングした。プレートを37℃で一晩インキュベートし、生菌数を決定するためにコロニーを算定した。
マウス6匹ずつの5つの投与群を上記の通りに感染させ、PBS、PBS+抗体、またはゲンタマイシンという同一の療法を与えた。2つの時点(12時間および24時間)を、血液中の細菌(図6)、気管支肺胞洗浄(BAL)液(図7)および肺組織(図8)の分析のために選択した。統計学的妥当性を高めるために、血液分析によるデータを生存実験(実施例2)によるものと組み合わせた。この場合、血流内の緑膿菌の生存度は、Hap 2、Hap 5またはゲンタマイシンの投与により有意に低下した。
米国特許文献
第6,309,651号 2001年10月 Frank et al.
その他の特許文献
WO 01/26650 2001年4月 University of Nottingham
WO 01/74801 2001年10月 University of Nottingham
WO 92/0104号 2001年10月 Bonnert et al.
その他の参考文献
Claims (9)
- 一般式(I)のホモセリンラクトンシグナル分子が、n=0の場合はN-ブタノイル-L-ホモセリンラクトン(BHL)であり、n=8の場合はN-ドデカノイル-L-ホモセリンラクトン(dDHL)であり、かつn=10の場合はn-テトラデカノイル-L-ホモセリンラクトン(tDHL)である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 細菌シグナル分子の比が式(I)のアシル-ホモセリンラクトン(AHL)シグナル分子とシュードモナス(Pseudomonas)キノロンシグナル(PQS)シグナル分子との比である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 抗体が、モノクローナル抗体もしくはポリクローナル抗体、またはそれらの断片である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 抗体断片が一本鎖抗体断片(scAb)である、請求項7記載の方法。
- 一本鎖抗体(scAb)が、それぞれNCIMB-41167、NCIMB-41168、NCIMB-41169、NCIMB-41170として寄託されている、G3H5、G3B12、G3G2および/またはG3H3である、請求項8記載の方法。
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JP2007530649A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
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EP2261260A2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
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US20110027280A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
US20130011400A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
KR20130001741A (ko) | 2013-01-04 |
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