JP5165018B2 - Carbon dioxide discharge device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide discharge device that separates fluid carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide and discharges gaseous carbon dioxide.

  Conventionally, carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases, and it is said that an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a cause of global warming. There are various sources of carbon dioxide, such as human breathing and combustion of objects. Among them, the ratio of human sources is high, and electricity production and emissions from industrial activities account for 2/3 of the total. The current situation is. In order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from such large-scale fixed sources, for example, power plants and ironworks, etc., the carbon dioxide emitted from the carbon dioxide sources was separated and recovered and recovered. It is necessary to store and sequester carbon dioxide deep underground or deep ocean. Here, if the source of carbon dioxide and the point suitable for storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide are separated, the recovered carbon dioxide is transported by pipeline or once liquefied and transported by ship Will do.

  Regarding the pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide, especially in the United States, there are many transportation results, about 50 million tons per year, and the total length of the pipeline reaches 2500 km. In addition, the carbon dioxide transportation is carried out under the condition that the transportation pressure of the pipeline is 10 MPa or more. As a technique related to the pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide, there is one described in Patent Document 1.

  Further, as a conventional technique for separating carbon dioxide into solid and gas, there is one described in Patent Document 2. Patent Document 2 discloses a method of converting carbon dioxide in exhaust gas into dry ice and separating dry ice from the exhaust gas using a cyclone.

Special Table 2000-514536 JP 2000-317302 A

  By the way, in the pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide, when the transportation pressure is a critical pressure (7.38 MPa) or less, as shown in FIG. 3, it becomes a two-phase flow of gas and liquid and the stability is impaired. Also, when re-pressurization is required to make the liquid, the equipment becomes complicated, so it is desirable that the carbon dioxide transport pressure be under the same conditions as in the United States.

  However, when carrying out pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide in Japan, there are limited places suitable for storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide. In addition, because the country is small, there are cases where it is necessary to lay a pipeline so as to cross a river or to pass near a private house. In this case, it is necessary to lay pipe runs including safety measures and noise measures. In addition, when transporting carbon dioxide by ship, it is necessary to take safety measures, noise countermeasures, etc. along with the handling of carbon dioxide.

Further, in the pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide, it is handled in a liquid state for improving transportation efficiency. Here, in order to make carbon dioxide into a liquid state, as shown in FIG. 3, it is necessary to set the transport pressure to a high pressure state of 0.518 MPa or more. However, when some trouble occurs in the facility, it is necessary to safely release a pressure of about 10 MPa to the outside of the system. Specifically, a part of the liquid carbon dioxide inside the pipeline is released to the outside. Here, when part of the liquid carbon dioxide inside the pipeline is released to the outside, the following problems can be considered.
(A) Liquid carbon dioxide condenses with a decrease in temperature due to the heat of vaporization caused by decompression, and becomes dry ice (solid). In the worst case, there is a possibility that the piping from the pipeline to the outside of the system is blocked by dry ice and the pressure cannot be released.
(B) Since noise is generated with volume expansion from liquid carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide, countermeasures against noise are required.
(C) Safety measures are required to treat cryogenic solid carbon dioxide at −55 ° C. or lower, that is, dry ice.

  An object of this invention is to provide the carbon dioxide discharge device which solved such a problem.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.

  (1) Connected to the pipeline in a carbon dioxide discharge device that connects to a pipeline that transports liquid carbon dioxide and discharges a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide in the pipeline to reduce the transport pressure of the pipeline And an opening / closing means for opening and closing the introduction tube, the diameter of the liquid carbon dioxide being increased along the moving direction of the liquid carbon dioxide connected to the introduction tube, the solid carbon dioxide and the gaseous carbon dioxide And a cylindrical container portion connected to the diameter expansion tube, and the solid gas from the diameter expansion tube along the inner peripheral surface of the container portion. A cyclone that spouts mixed carbon dioxide to generate a cyclonic airflow that circulates around the inner peripheral surface of the container, and centrifuges the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide. Separation means, recovery means connected to the cyclone separation means and collecting solid carbon dioxide falling in the cyclone separation means, and the cyclone separation means connected to the cyclone separation means and discharged from the cyclone separation means A carbon dioxide discharging apparatus comprising: a sound absorbing means for conveying the gaseous carbon dioxide in the inside to the outside and absorbing noise generated by the cyclone separating means.

  According to (1), liquid carbon dioxide from a pipeline is changed to solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide composed of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) and gaseous carbon dioxide, and solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide are obtained by centrifugation. The solid carbon dioxide is recovered by the recovery means, and the gaseous carbon dioxide is released to the outside. Thereby, in the system | strain which discharge | emits liquid carbon dioxide from a pipeline, the situation where piping is clogged with solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) can be prevented. In addition, the noise absorbing means absorbs noise generated with the volume expansion from the liquid to the gas, so that the noise can be suppressed. In addition, since solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is stored together in the recovery means, it becomes possible to process solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) without touching it directly, ensuring safety. can do.

  (2) In (1), the cyclone separating means has a cylindrical portion provided substantially concentrically with respect to the container portion inside the container portion, and the sound absorbing means is connected to the cylindrical portion. The inner baffle portion for reducing low frequency noise, and a silencer portion connected to the inner baffle portion for absorbing high frequency noise, the inner baffle portion having a cylindrical body having a smaller diameter than the cylindrical portion, The silencer part is connected to the inner baffle part, and has a tubular member having a plurality of small holes formed on the side surface, a tubular member having the tubular member disposed in the center, and the tubular member in the tubular member A carbon dioxide discharge device comprising a sound absorbing material filled around

  According to (2), in the noise generated in the expanded pipe and the cyclone separating means, the low frequency noise is reduced by the inner baffle portion, and the high frequency noise is absorbed by the silencer portion. As a result, noise can be reliably suppressed.

  (3) The carbon dioxide discharging apparatus according to (1) or (2), wherein the container portion has a diameter reduced downward and connected to the recovery means.

  According to (3), the solid carbon dioxide centrifuged can be guided to the recovery means. Further, an air stream in which the gaseous carbon dioxide tends to move upward is generated in the reduced diameter portion, and the gaseous carbon dioxide can be guided to the cylindrical portion.

  (4) In (1) to (3), a heating means for heating the introduction pipe when the opening / closing means is opened is provided upstream of the opening / closing means in the introduction pipe. Carbon dioxide discharge device.

  According to (4), it is possible to prevent a situation in which the liquid carbon dioxide in the introduction pipe condenses before reaching the opening / closing means and the introduction pipe is clogged by the heating means warming the introduction pipe. .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent a situation in which piping is clogged with solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) in a system for discharging liquid carbon dioxide from a pipeline. In addition, it is possible to suppress noise generated with volume expansion from liquid to gas. Further, since solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) in the cyclone separation means can be collected and processed collectively, safety can be ensured.

It is a perspective view including a partial cross section which shows the structure of the carbon dioxide discharge apparatus 100 in one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the management system of the pipeline 1 using the carbon dioxide discharge apparatus 100 of this embodiment. It is a phase diagram of carbon dioxide.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view including a partial cross section showing a configuration of a carbon dioxide discharge device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The carbon dioxide discharge device 100 includes an introduction tube 10, a heating device 12, an on-off valve 14, a diameter expansion tube 16, a cyclone separation device 18, a sound absorption device 20, an exhaust pipe 30, and a recovery device 32.

  The introduction pipe 10 is connected to the pipeline 1 that transports liquid carbon dioxide, and branches a part of the liquid carbon dioxide in the pipeline 1.

  The on-off valve 14 is installed in the introduction pipe 10 and opens and closes the introduction pipe 10. In addition, a heating device 12 is provided on the upstream side in the movement direction of liquid carbon dioxide (on the pipeline 1 side) with respect to the on-off valve 14 in the introduction pipe 10. As the heating device 12, a steam tracing device that heats by passing steam through a steam pipe is applicable.

  The expanded diameter pipe 16 connects between the introduction pipe 10 and the cyclone separator 18. The diameter-expanding pipe 16 is a pipe whose diameter is expanded from the introduction direction of the liquid carbon dioxide, that is, from the introduction pipe 10 side to the cyclone separator 18 side, and is downstream of the on-off valve 14 in the movement direction of the liquid carbon dioxide. Is provided. Here, the liquid carbon dioxide sent from the introduction pipe 10 is changed to solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide in which gaseous carbon dioxide and solid carbon dioxide (so-called dry ice) are mixed by being depressurized in the expansion pipe 16. However, it moves to the cyclone separator 18.

  The cyclone separating device 18 is formed in a cylindrical container part 18a, a reduced diameter part 18b that is formed in a lower part of the container part 18a and has a diameter reduced downward, and a cylindrical container part 18a inside the container part 18a. And a cylindrical portion 18c arranged concentrically. The vessel portion 18 a is connected to the enlarged diameter tube 16 and is formed with an outlet 18 d through which the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide is emitted via the enlarged diameter tube 16. Here, the expanded diameter pipe 16 is disposed so that the axial direction of the expanded diameter pipe 16 faces a direction shifted from the central axis of the container portion 18a. In particular, in the present embodiment, the axis of the diameter-expanded tube 16 is directed in the tangential direction of the formation portion of the discharge port 18d in the container portion 18a. The discharge port 18d is formed in the upper part of the inner side surface of the container part 18a. For this reason, solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide is ejected from the discharge port 18d in a direction along the inner peripheral surface of the container portion 18a.

  The upper part of the container part 18a is bottomed, and one end part of the cylindrical part 18c is connected to the center part. The cylindrical portion 18c extends downward, and the other end of the cylindrical portion 18c is located near the boundary between the container portion 18a and the reduced diameter portion 18b. Further, both ends of the cylindrical portion 18c are opened, and the gas (for example, carbon dioxide) in the cyclone separator 18 can move to the outside of the cyclone separator 18 through the cylindrical portion 18c.

  A recovery device 32 is connected to the lower end of the reduced diameter portion 18b. The solid carbon dioxide in the cyclone separator 18 moves to the recovery device 32 via the reduced diameter portion 18b. A belt conveyor (not shown) is provided in the collection device 32, and the dry ice falls on the belt conveyor (not shown) and is conveyed to a predetermined collection place.

  The sound absorbing device 20 includes an inner baffle 22 corresponding to the inner baffle portion and a silencer 24 corresponding to the silencer portion. The inner baffle 22 includes a lid portion 22a connected to the cylindrical portion 18c, and a cylindrical portion 22b that stands upright at the center of the lid portion 22a and has a smaller diameter than the cylindrical portion 18c. Of the noise generated in the cyclone separator 18, low frequency noise is reduced by the inner baffle 22.

  The silencer 24 has a porous tube 26 having a plurality of small holes formed by punching in the center of the cylindrical can 24a, and the outer periphery of the porous tube 26 is filled with glass wool 28 corresponding to a sound absorbing material. is there. A portion of the cylindrical can 24a facing the both ends of the porous tube 26 is an opening, one end of the porous tube 26 is connected to the inner baffle 22, and an L-shaped exhaust pipe 30 is connected to the other end. Yes.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a management system of the pipeline 1 using the carbon dioxide discharge device 100 of the present embodiment. In the pipeline 1, pressure gauges 120 that measure the pressure in the pipeline 1 are installed at a plurality of preset points. Further, a carbon dioxide discharge device 100 is installed corresponding to the pressure gauge 120. The carbon dioxide discharge device 100 is provided with a control device 110 that performs drive control of the heating device 12.

  The detection data of each pressure gauge 120 is transmitted to the information processing apparatus 200a in the management room 200. Then, the information processing device 200a performs data analysis in the management room 200, and displays the analysis result on the display device 200b. A worker in the management room 200 monitors whether an abnormality has occurred in the pipeline 1 by looking at the display device 200b. When an abnormality occurs in the pipeline 1, the worker goes to a place where the carbon dioxide discharge device 100 corresponding to the pressure gauge 120 that detected the abnormality is installed, and the worker opens the on-off valve 14. Further, when the control device 110 detects that the on-off valve 14 has been opened, the control device 110 starts driving the heating device 12 and warms the introduction tube 10. Here, by heating the introduction tube 10 to be −56.6 ° C. or higher, it becomes difficult to become a solid as shown in FIG. Thereby, in the vicinity of the on-off valve 14, it is possible to prevent the liquid carbon dioxide from becoming dry ice due to the pressure reduction and the dry ice from adhering to the introduction pipe 10, and to prevent the introduction pipe 10 from being blocked by dry ice. Become.

  In the above-described example, the worker opens the on-off valve 14. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the on-off valve 14 may be automatically opened / closed under the control of the control device 110. That is, a command for opening the on-off valve 14 is transmitted from the information processing device 200 a to the control device 110 by the operation of a worker in the management room 200. When the control device 110 receives a command for opening the on-off valve 14, the control device 110 drives a driving device (not shown) that opens and closes the on-off valve 14 to open the on-off valve 14 and drive the heating device 12. To start. By automating in this way, the pressure in the pipeline 1 can be quickly reduced.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
First, when the on-off valve 14 is opened, a part of the liquid carbon dioxide in the pipeline 1 is conveyed to the diameter expansion pipe 16 through the introduction pipe 10. In the expansion pipe 16, the liquid carbon dioxide becomes solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide in which solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide are mixed, and this solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide is injected into the cyclone separator 18 from the discharge port 18d. The solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide injected to the cyclone separator 18 circulates in a cyclone shape between the inner periphery of the container portion 18a and the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 18c. At this time, the solid carbon dioxide contained in the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide is centrifuged during the circulation of the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide, and falls spirally along the inner surface of the container portion 18a. The solid carbon dioxide is recovered by the recovery device 32 via the reduced diameter portion 18b. Thereby, it becomes possible to process solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) collectively.

  Further, the gaseous carbon dioxide moves upward in the reduced diameter portion 18b and is released into the atmosphere via the cylindrical portion 18c, the inner baffle 22, the silencer 24, and the exhaust pipe 30. Further, in the diameter expansion tube 16 and the cyclone separator 18, noise is generated with volume expansion when the liquid carbon dioxide becomes gaseous carbon dioxide. Of the noise generated in the cyclone separator 18, low frequency noise is reduced by the inner baffle 22. The noise that has passed through the inner baffle 22 is converted into a high frequency through the perforated tube 26, and the sound pressure is attenuated by the glass wool 28. Thereby, the noise generated in the cyclone separator 18 is reduced by the sound absorber 20.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the liquid carbon dioxide from the pipeline 1 is changed to solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide composed of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) and gaseous carbon dioxide, and the cyclone separator 18 is changed. The solid carbon dioxide and the gaseous carbon dioxide are separated by centrifugal separation, and the solid carbon dioxide is collected in the collecting device 32, and the gaseous carbon dioxide is released to the outside. Thereby, in the system | strain which discharge | emits liquid carbon dioxide from the pipeline 1, the situation where piping is clogged with solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) can be prevented. In addition, the noise absorbing device 20 absorbs noise generated with the volume expansion from the liquid to the gas, so that the noise can be suppressed. Moreover, since solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is collect | recovered collectively by the collection | recovery apparatus 32, since it can process collectively, without touching a hand directly, safety | security can be ensured.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, in the noise generated in the expanded pipe 16 and the cyclone separator 18, low frequency noise is reduced by the inner baffle 22, and high frequency noise is absorbed by the silencer 24. As a result, noise can be reliably suppressed.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the solid carbon dioxide that has been centrifuged and moved to the inner peripheral surface side of the container portion 18a can be guided to the recovery device 32 via the reduced diameter portion 18b. Further, an air stream in which the gaseous carbon dioxide tends to move upward is generated in the reduced diameter portion, and the gaseous carbon dioxide can be guided to the cylindrical portion 18c.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the heating device 12 warms the introduction pipe 10, so that the liquid carbon dioxide in the introduction pipe 10 is condensed before reaching the on-off valve 14, and the introduction pipe 10 is clogged. Can be prevented.

  The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, a noise absorbing material made of a wool material such as a blanket or cotton may be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical can 24a in the silencer 24 to reduce noise. Further, a sound absorbing material made of a wool material such as a blanket or cotton may be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the cyclone separator 18 so that the cyclone separator 18 body also has a function as a silencer.

  Further, the ejection direction of the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide from the discharge port 18d may be slightly inclined downward. As a result, the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide becomes a spiral air flow and moves while the solid carbon dioxide is separated. As a result, the airflow in the vicinity of the reduced diameter portion 18b can be made substantially free of solid carbon dioxide. Thereby, it is possible to prevent dry ice from adhering to the inside of the cylindrical portion 18c or the inner baffle 22.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, only one on-off valve 14 is provided, but a plurality of on-off valves 14 may be provided in the introduction pipe 10. For example, the on-off valve 14 is provided in the vicinity of the diameter-expanded pipe 16, the on-off valve 14 is further provided in the vicinity of the pipeline 1, and when the on-off valve 14 is opened, the on-off valve 14 in the vicinity of the diameter-expanded pipe 16, the pipeline When opening and closing the on-off valve 14 in the vicinity of 1 and closing the on-off valve 14, first, the on-off valve 14 in the vicinity of the pipeline 1 is closed, and all the liquefied carbon dioxide in the introduction pipe 10 is made into a gas to the outside. After the discharge, the on-off valve 14 in the vicinity of the expanded pipe 16 is closed. As a result, the inside of the introduction pipe 10 can be emptied in a normal state, and when the on-off valve 14 is opened, the introduction pipe 10 can be prevented from being clogged with solid carbon dioxide. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pipeline 10 Introducing pipe 12 Heating device 14 On-off valve 16 Diameter expansion pipe 18 Cyclone separation device 18a Container part 18b Diameter reduction part 18c Cylindrical part 18d Outlet 20 Sound absorbing device 22 Inner baffle 22a Lid part 22b Cylindrical part 24 Silencer 24a Cylinder Can 26 Porous tube 28 Glass wool 30 Exhaust tube 32 Recovery device 100 Carbon dioxide discharge device 110 Control device 120 Pressure gauge 200 Management room

Claims (4)

In a carbon dioxide discharge device that is connected to a pipeline that transports liquid carbon dioxide and discharges a part of the liquid carbon dioxide in the pipeline to reduce the transport pressure of the pipeline,
An introduction pipe connected to the pipeline;
Opening and closing means for opening and closing the introduction pipe;
A diameter-expanding pipe connected to the introduction pipe and having a diameter that increases along the moving direction of the liquid carbon dioxide, and changes the liquid carbon dioxide into solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide composed of solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide;
A cylindrical container portion connected to the expanded pipe; and the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide is ejected from the expanded pipe along the inner peripheral surface of the container section to A cyclone separating means for generating a circulating cyclonic air flow and centrifuging the solid-gas mixed carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide;
A recovery means connected to the cyclone separation means and for recovering solid carbon dioxide falling in the cyclone separation means;
A sound absorbing means for connecting to the cyclone separating means, transporting gaseous carbon dioxide in the cyclone separating means discharged from the cyclone separating means to the outside, and absorbing noise generated by the cyclone separating means; A carbon dioxide discharge device characterized by. The cyclone separating means has a cylindrical part provided substantially concentrically with the container part inside the container part,
The sound absorbing means includes an inner baffle portion that is connected to the cylindrical portion and reduces low frequency noise, and a silencer portion that is connected to the inner baffle portion and absorbs high frequency noise.
The inner baffle portion has a cylindrical body having a smaller diameter than the cylindrical portion,
The silencer part is connected to the inner baffle part, and has a tubular member having a plurality of small holes formed on the side surface, a tubular member having the tubular member disposed in the center, and the tubular member in the tubular member The carbon dioxide discharge device according to claim 1, further comprising: a sound absorbing material filled around the sound absorber.   The carbon dioxide discharging apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the container portion has a diameter reduced downward and connected to the recovery means.   4. The dioxide dioxide according to claim 1, wherein heating means for heating the introduction pipe when the opening / closing means is opened is provided upstream of the opening / closing means in the introduction pipe. Carbon discharge device.

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