JP5162316B2 - Tunnel excavation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method for excavating a spiral tunnel in a spiral shape so as to surround the main tunnel after excavation of the main tunnel.

  When constructing railway tunnel stations, road tunnel branches / merging sections, and standby sections of both tunnels, it is necessary to widen the cross section of the existing tunnel. As this widening method, various tunnel excavation methods that change the cross section of the tunnel without requiring the construction of a shaft or an auxiliary method from the ground have been proposed.

  In recent years, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for excavating a spiral tunnel as a method for constructing an underground cavity.

  According to Patent Document 1, a hollow is constructed in the ground → a spiral tunnel is constructed on the outer periphery of the underground cavity so as to surround the underground cavity → a spiral tunnel from one place of the spiral tunnel Build a connection hole toward the other part → Lay a reinforcement or water-stopping material from this connection hole into the ground → Build a cavity after this reinforcement or water-stopping material is installed, or a spiral tunnel By performing in parallel with the construction of the above, it is possible to perform sufficient and reliable reinforcement or water stop even when the interval between the spiral tunnels is wide.

JP 2002-106299 A

  By the way, although the above-mentioned patent document 1 describes the underground cavity by the horizontal spiral using various conventionally well-known tunnel excavators, the underground spiral of the up-and-down spiral (shield) which resists the direction of gravity by applying this is described. When constructing a tunnel), it is necessary to change the method of using various conventionally known tunnel excavators, for example, to alternately use a mud pipe and a mud pipe in a muddy water type shield excavator. Development of tunnel excavator suitable for spiral is also required. Therefore, the applicant of the present invention has also proposed a tunnel excavator suitable for an upper and lower spiral in the best mode for carrying out the invention described later.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of such circumstances, effectively applying the above-described spiral tunnel to reduce the number of railway tunnel stations, road tunnel branches and junctions, and standby sections of both tunnels. The purpose is to provide a tunnel excavation method that can be constructed with construction costs.

In order to achieve such an object, the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention includes:
A first step of excavating the tunnel with a parent tunnel excavator;
A second step of preparing the child tunnel excavator to start out of the main tunnel from the starting part of the main tunnel;
A third step of starting a child tunnel excavator from the starting portion and excavating the spiral tunnel by excavating in a spiral shape so as to surround the main tunnel;
A fourth step in which the child tunnel excavator reaches the inside of the tunnel from the reach of the tunnel;
A fifth step of excavating the tunnel of the widened portion using the spiral tunnel as a supporting work, and removing and demolishing the main tunnel;
A sixth step of completing the construction of the station portion and the like by connecting the inside of the tunnel of the widened portion with a vertical shaft through a connecting work;
With
The sub-tunnel excavator is a muddy water shield excavator in which a mud pipe penetrates a partition wall supported so as to be rotatable to a main body of the excavator and to be fixed at a predetermined rotation position. During the excavation in the process, the opening of the mud pipe is always positioned at a lower position in the vertical direction.

  Further, prior to the fifth step, a seventh step of stopping water by pouring or freezing from a spiral tunnel is provided.

  In addition, a plurality of the above-described child tunnel excavators are provided in parallel and each excavate the entire excavation region.

  In addition, a plurality of the above-described tunnel excavators are provided in a single row and each excavates while sharing an excavation area.

  The pitch of the spiral tunnel may be changed according to soil quality.

  According to the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, the spiral tunnel by the sub-tunnel excavator does not need to be started and reached many times as in the case of a straight-ahead tunnel, and starts and reaches from this tunnel. Construction of a large shaft and installation of ground facilities are not required, and the construction period and cost can be shortened. Also, by changing the digging radius of the child tunnel excavator, the necessary tunnel cross-section can be secured freely.

  Hereinafter, a tunnel excavation method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a tunnel excavation method showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a start part of a child tunnel excavator, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a trajectory from start to arrival of the sub tunnel excavator 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the pitch (interval) of the spiral tunnel, FIG. 5 is a process diagram of the tunnel excavation method, FIG. 6 is a process diagram of the tunnel excavation method, FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the child tunnel excavator, and FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 13, FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 13, FIG. 16 is a plan view of the following carriage, FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 17, FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 17, and FIG. 21 is a sectional view of another child tunnel excavator.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, after the main tunnel 10 of a railway tunnel, for example, is excavated by a parent tunnel excavator (not shown), the child tunnel excavation described later prepared in advance in the starter 11 of the main tunnel 10 is prepared in advance. The machine 12 is started out of the main tunnel 10 and is spirally dug in the length direction of the main tunnel 10 so as to surround the main tunnel 10 to excavate the spiral tunnel 13. After the excavation of the spiral tunnel 13, the child tunnel excavator 12 reaches the inside of the main tunnel 10 at the arrival part of the main tunnel 10.

  In the starting part 11 of the main tunnel 10, a starting segment S2 of a plurality of divisions (two divisions in the illustrated example) that is bolted in advance over a plurality (two adjacent in the illustrated example) of existing segments S1. The child tunnel excavator 12 is started by removing. That is, the starting segment S2 and the cutter head of the child tunnel excavator 12 are formed to have substantially the same size.

  In FIG. 1, two child tunnel excavators 12 are provided in parallel and each excavates the entire excavation area corresponding to a station portion to be described later, but as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. One may be sufficient. In FIG. 3, the child tunnel excavator 12 excavates the spiral tunnel 13 in the order of 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, 12-5, 12-6, and is necessary at the station. A simple cross section can be secured. As shown in FIG. 4, the distance C between the spiral tunnels 13 is preferably C = 1000 mm when the diameter H of the child tunnel excavator 12 is H = 2000 mm, for example, but this is changed according to the soil quality. The

  Next, the steps from the excavation of the tunnel to the construction of the station part will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. First, in the first step, the railway tunnel is operated by the parent tunnel excavator composed of, for example, a muddy shield excavator. The main tunnel 10 is excavated (first step). In the figure, reference numerals 15a and 15b denote railcars on the upper and lower lines.

  Next, the child tunnel excavator 12 made of, for example, a muddy water type shield excavator prepared in advance in the main tunnel 10 in the second step is started out of the main tunnel 10 so as to surround the main tunnel 10 and spiral. Then, the spiral tunnel 13 is excavated (second step, third step).

  Next, in a third step, the child tunnel excavator 12 reaches the main tunnel 10 to complete excavation of the spiral tunnel 13 (fourth step). Thereafter, in the case of an aquifer, water is stopped from the spiral tunnel 13 by injection or freezing (seventh step).

  Next, in the fourth step, after preparation for excavation of the widened tunnel (in the widened portion) such as the earth and sand unloading pipe 16 is installed from the main tunnel 10 into the spiral tunnel 13, the spiral tunnel 13 is As a support work (framework), primary excavation is performed by a reverse winding method (see excavation level L in the drawing) (fifth step).

  Next, from the fifth step to the seventh step, the secondary excavation of the widening tunnel is performed from the secondary excavation to the fourth excavation, and the tunnel 10 is removed and demolished (fifth step). That is, in the fifth step, a steel structure 17 such as a station intermediate pile (deep foundation) or a pillar is constructed so that the upper and lower two rail cars 15c and 15d are increased in the widened tunnel, and in the sixth step, the side walls are 18 is constructed and removal / demolition of the main tunnel 10 is started. In the seventh step, the bottom board 19 is constructed and the main tunnel 10 is completely removed / destructed.

  Next, after the bottom floor slab 20 and the platform 21 are constructed in the eighth step, the inside of the tunnel is cut and expanded in the ninth step and connected to the vertical shaft 23 via the connecting work 22. And construction of the station part provided with the track floor, the safety section, and the evacuation equipment is completed in the tenth step (sixth step).

  As shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, the child tunnel excavator 12 described in the present embodiment supplies mud water into the face and the chamber and discharges the excavated sediment together with the mud water while facing the earth pressure and the water pressure with the mud water pressure. It is a muddy water type shield excavator that builds a tunnel while stabilizing the face by mud.

  That is, the excavator main body 30 is divided into a front cylinder 30a and a rear cylinder 30b. The rear part of the front cylinder 30a and the front part of the rear cylinder 30b are coupled by a plurality of middle folding jacks (not shown), and the middle folding jack close to the axis to be swung is locked with hydraulic pressure between the other parts. The front trunk 30a can be swung (broken) in a three-dimensional direction by extending and contracting a not-shown half-fold jack. In FIG. 13, reference numeral 31 denotes a spherical joint provided on the front surface of the rear cylinder 30b, and the rear part of the front cylinder 30a is fitted to the spherical joint 31. In FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, reference numeral 32 denotes four connecting jacks that are installed between the front cylinder 30 a and the rear cylinder 30 b to prevent the front cylinder 30 a from coming out, but this need not be provided.

  A partition wall 33 is provided at the front portion of the front cylinder 30a, and a chamber chamber 35 is defined between the partition wall 33 and a cutter head 34 that is rotatably supported at the center of the partition wall 33 and provided in front of the front cylinder 30a. ing. A mud pipe 36 and a mud pipe 37 are connected in communication with the chamber chamber 35, and mud water is supplied from the mud pipe 36 into the chamber room 35, while the excavated sediment in the chamber room 35 is mud pipe together with the mud water. 37 is discharged. In FIG. 13, reference numeral 38 denotes a bypass pipe for the mud pipe 36 and the mud pipe 37.

  A large number of cutter bits 39 are attached to the front surface of the cutter head 34, and a copy cutter 40 for extra excavation can protrude from the side surface as needed. On the rear surface of the cutter head 34, an agitator 41 for agitating the excavated earth and sand in the chamber chamber 35 together with the muddy water by the rotation of the cutter head 34 is attached. The cutter head 34 is rotationally driven via a gear mechanism 43 by two upper and lower drive motors 42 supported by the partition wall 33 in the drawing.

  A flange plate (reinforcing plate) 44 is provided at the front portion of the rear barrel 30b, and eight shield jacks 45 are attached to the flange plate 44 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. Further, a drive motor 46 is attached to the flange plate 44, and a swiveling ring 48 that is rotationally driven by the drive motor 46 via a gear mechanism 47 is arranged in the circumferential direction at the front portion of the rear barrel 30b. A roller 49 is rotatably supported. An erector device 50 for assembling the segment S is attached to the swivel ring 48.

  Accordingly, the excavator main body 30 (strictly, the front trunk 30a) is excavated by the shield jack 45 extending against the existing segment S under the rotational drive of the cutter head 34, while the shield jack 45 is thereafter excavated. The spiral segment 13 is excavated by assembling a new segment S in the space formed by shrinking 45.

  At this time, since the child tunnel excavator 12 excavates the spiral tunnel 13 in a spiral shape, the vertical (top and bottom) direction may be reversed in the posture, but in this embodiment, the agitator 41 is provided in the cutter head 34. Therefore, even if the positions of the mud pipe 36 and the mud pipe 37 in the vertical (top and bottom) direction are reversed, the excavated earth and sand can be well stirred and discharged together with the mud water.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 21, the child tunnel excavator 12, when the agitator 41 is supported on the partition wall 33 in the vicinity of the opening of the mud pipe 37, the front trunk 30 a of the excavator main body 30 is supported. The partition wall 33 is supported by the drive motor 55 via the support bracket 52 and the bearing 53 so that the partition wall 33 can be rotated and can be fixed at a predetermined rotational position, so that the opening of the sludge pipe 37 and the agitator 41 are always in the vertical direction. You may make it locate in a downward position. In the figure, reference numeral 54 denotes a seal member.

  The hydraulic unit that supplies hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic equipment of the child tunnel excavator 12, the electrical unit that supplies electricity to the electrical equipment, and the like are a plurality of (5 in the illustrated example) subsequent carriages shown in FIGS. It is mounted on each of 51a to 51e.

  The five subsequent carriages 51a to 51e are connected by a pair of upper and lower traction jacks 52a and 52b, respectively, and are located at both the front and rear parts of the main body 53 formed in a hexagonal cylindrical shape, and are directed to two in the vertical direction. The provided wheel 54 rolls on a rail 55 laid on the inner surface of the spiral tunnel 13. In FIG. 19, reference numeral 56 denotes a detachable pressing jack for pressing the wheel 54 onto the rail 55 when the carriage is assembled.

  The five subsequent carriages 51a to 51e are like so-called scale insects in cooperation with the reaction force clamp 57 and the propulsion jack 58 attached to the rear surfaces of the first and fifth subsequent carriages 51a and 51e. It is possible to move forward. Further, the segment S can pass through the main body 53 formed in a hexagonal cylindrical shape.

  In this way, in this embodiment, the spiral tunnel 13 is excavated by the sub-tunnel excavator 12, and the tunnel of the widened portion such as the station portion of the railway tunnel is excavated using the spiral tunnel 13 as a supporting work. Compared to excavating multiple straight tunnels with a tunnel excavator, and excavating wide tunnels such as railway tunnel stations using the multiple straight tunnels as support, there are many times for the child tunnel excavator. Starting and reaching are not required, and starting and reaching from the tunnel 10 makes it unnecessary to construct a large-scale shaft or install ground facilities, thereby shortening the construction period and cost.

  Further, by changing the digging radius of the child tunnel excavator 12, a necessary tunnel cross section can be secured freely. Moreover, since the diameter H of the child tunnel excavator 12 is as large as H = 2000 mm, for example, when water is injected from the spiral tunnel 13 or water is stopped by a freezing method, an operator can enter the spiral tunnel 13 to improve the ground. Space construction work such as connected excavation can be performed more reliably and easily, and cost can be further reduced.

  7 is a conceptual diagram of a tunnel excavation method showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention, FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a excavation method using a sub-tunnel excavator, FIG. 9 is a detailed view of part A in FIG. 8, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing of another excavation method by.

  This is an example in which the present invention is applied when excavating a wide-width tunnel such as a branching / merging portion of a road tunnel. As shown in FIG. This is an example in which the spiral tunnel 13 is constructed by starting and reaching the child tunnel excavator 12 with the main tunnel 10 being used. FIG. 7A shows the tunnel of the widened portion when excavation is started, FIG. 7B shows when the excavation arrives, and FIG. 7C shows the tunnel of the widened portion with the main tunnel 60 and the branch tunnel 61 removed and demolished. Of course, in this case, the main tunnel 60 of the main tunnel 60 and the branch tunnel 61 may be used as the main tunnel 10 to start and reach the child tunnel excavator 12 to construct the spiral tunnel 13.

  Further, when the spiral tunnel 13 is constructed by the sub tunnel excavator 12, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of sub tunnel excavators 12 (six in the illustrated example) are provided in parallel to excavate the entire excavation area. There is a way to do it. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the interval (pitch) between the spiral tunnels 13 may be set so that the respective backfill portions 62 adjacent to each other wrap.

  As shown in FIGS. 22 to 24, the child tunnel excavator 12 used at this time supplies muddy water into the face and the chamber, and discharges the excavated soil together with the muddy water while facing the earth pressure and the water pressure by the muddy water pressure. Therefore, it is a muddy water type shield excavator that constructs a tunnel while stabilizing the face.

  That is, the excavator main body 70 is divided into a front trunk 70a and a rear trunk 70b. The rear portion of the front barrel 70a and the front portion of the rear barrel 70b are coupled by a plurality of (12 in the illustrated example) middle-folding jacks 71, and the middle-folding jacks 71 near the axis to be swung are hydraulically locked. The front barrel 70a can be swung (broken) in the three-dimensional direction by expansion and contraction of the middle folding jack 71 installed between the two. In the illustrated example, a spherical joint 80 is attached to the front portion of the rear barrel 70b, and the rear portion of the front barrel 70a is fitted to the spherical joint 80.

  A partition wall 72 is provided at the front portion of the front cylinder 70a, and a chamber chamber 74 is defined with a cutter head 73 that is rotatably supported at the center of the partition wall 72 and provided in front of the front cylinder 70a. ing. The chamber chamber 74 is connected to a mud pipe 75 and a drain mud pipe 76, and mud water is supplied into the chamber room 74 from the mud pipe 75, while excavated sediment in the chamber chamber 74 is drained along with the mud water. No. 76 is discharged. In FIG. 24, 76a is a waste mud reserve pipe.

  Various bits 77a to 77d including cutter bits are attached to the front surface of the cutter head 73, and a copy cutter 78 for extra excavation can protrude from the side surface as necessary. The cutter head 74 is driven to rotate (turn) through a gear mechanism 79 by a plurality of hydraulic drive motors 78 supported by the partition wall 72.

  A flange plate (reinforcing plate) 81 is provided on the front portion (strictly speaking, spherical joint 80) of the rear barrel 70b, and eight main shield jacks 82 are attached to the flange plate 81 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. It has been. In addition, the flange plate 81 located outside the main shield jack 82 and a donut-shaped wife frame 83 provided behind the flange plate 81 and attached to the rear trunk 80b are spaced apart by a predetermined distance in the circumferential direction. Twelve auxiliary shield jacks 84 are installed.

  Further, a hydraulic drive motor (not shown) is attached to the flange plate 81, and a turning ring 86 that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic drive motor via a gear mechanism 85 is equally arranged in the circumferential direction at the front portion of the rear barrel 80b. Four rollers 87 are rotatably supported. An erector device 88 for assembling the segment S along the inner periphery of the end frame 83 is attached to the turning ring 86.

  Therefore, when the cutter head 83 is driven to rotate, the main shield jack 82 extends to the existing segment S and the sub shield jack 84 extends to the end frame 83 to counteract the excavator body 80 (strictly speaking, While the front barrel 80a) is dug, a new segment S is assembled in a space formed by shrinking the main shield jack 82 and the sub shield jack 84, and a backfilling agent is injected into the rear of the wife frame 83. The spiral tunnel 13 is excavated.

  At this time, since the spacing (pitch) of the spiral tunnel 13 is set so that the respective backfilling portions 62 adjacent to each other wrap, the child tunnel excavator 12 is provided with an existing spiral tunnel at the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 73. The outer peripheral portion of the 13 backfill portions 62 is scraped off (see FIG. 9).

  As another excavation method, as shown in FIG. 10, there is also a method in which a plurality of child tunnel excavators 12 (six in the illustrated example) are provided in a single row, and each excavates by sharing an excavation area.

  FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a tunnel excavation method showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

  In this method, a widening tunnel 63 such as a branching / merging part of a road tunnel is constructed by a spiral tunnel by a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) child tunnel excavators 12 starting from the main tunnel 10, followed by two The two branch tunnels 64a and 64B are also constructed by spiral tunnels using a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) child tunnel excavators 12 by dividing the child tunnel excavator 12 used for the widening portion tunnel 63 into two hands. This is an example.

  FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a tunnel excavation method showing Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

  This is because a child tunnel excavator (not shown) that starts from the main tunnel 10 and reaches the main tunnel 10 when constructing a widened tunnel such as a railway tunnel station (see the sub tunnel excavator 12 in FIG. 1). After constructing the first tunnel 65 by the spiral tunnel by, the second tunnel 66 is constructed by the spiral tunnel by the child tunnel excavator, and finally the third tunnel by the spiral tunnel by the child tunnel excavator This is an example in which 67 is constructed. At this time, the earth and sand spread and expanded in the second tunnel 66 and the third tunnel 67 are carried out via a sand and sand unloading pipe (see the earth and sand unloading pipe 16 in FIG. 5) provided in the tunnel 10.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Further, the present invention is applicable not only to the circular normal section of the tunnel but also to a new cross section that is changed not only in the D shape but also in other shapes. Furthermore, although this invention showed the example using a muddy water type | mold shield excavator, you may use an earth pressure type shield excavator.

It is a conceptual diagram of the tunnel excavation method which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the start part of a child tunnel excavator. It is explanatory drawing which shows the locus | trajectory from start to arrival of a child tunnel excavator. It is explanatory drawing which shows the pitch (interval) of a spiral tunnel. It is process drawing of a tunnel excavation construction method. It is process drawing of a tunnel excavation construction method. It is a conceptual diagram of the tunnel excavation method which shows Example 2 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the excavation method by a child tunnel excavator. FIG. 9 is a detailed view of part A in FIG. 8. It is explanatory drawing of another excavation method by a child tunnel excavator. It is a conceptual diagram of the tunnel excavation method which shows Example 3 of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the tunnel excavation method which shows Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of a child tunnel excavator. It is the BB sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a top view of a succeeding carriage. It is a side view of a succeeding carriage. It is a principal part side view at the time of the curve movement of a subsequent trolley | bogie. It is the DD sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the EE sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is sectional drawing of another child tunnel excavator. It is sectional drawing of another child tunnel excavator. It is a front view of a cutter head. It is the GG line and FF sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Tunnel 11 Starting part 12 Child tunnel excavator 13 Spiral tunnel 15a-15d Railway vehicle 16 Sediment carry-out pipe 17 Steel structure 18 Side wall 19 Bottom board 20 Bottom floor slab 21 Home 22 Connection work 23 Vertical shaft 60 Main line tunnel 61 Branch tunnel 62 Backfill Part 63 Widened part tunnel 64a, 64b Branch tunnel 65 First tunnel 66 Second tunnel 67 Third tunnel S1 Existing segment S2 Starting segment

Claims (5)

A first step of excavating the tunnel with a parent tunnel excavator;
A second step of preparing the child tunnel excavator to start out of the main tunnel from the starting part of the main tunnel;
A third step of starting a child tunnel excavator from the starting portion and excavating the spiral tunnel by excavating in a spiral shape so as to surround the main tunnel;
A fourth step in which the child tunnel excavator reaches the inside of the tunnel from the reach of the tunnel;
A fifth step of excavating the tunnel of the widened portion using the spiral tunnel as a supporting work, and removing and demolishing the main tunnel;
A sixth step of completing the construction of the station portion and the like by connecting the inside of the tunnel of the widened portion with a vertical shaft through a connecting work;
With
The sub-tunnel excavator is a muddy water shield excavator in which a mud pipe penetrates a partition wall supported so as to be rotatable to a main body of the excavator and to be fixed at a predetermined rotation position. A tunnel excavation method characterized in that an opening of the sludge pipe is always located at a lower position in the vertical direction during excavation in the process. Wherein prior to the fifth step, the tunnel excavation method according to claim 1, further comprising a seventh step of the water stop by infusion or freezing method from spiral tunnel. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a plurality of the sub-tunnel excavators are provided in parallel and each excavates the entire excavation region. 3. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the sub-tunnel excavators are provided in a single row and each excavates while sharing an excavation region. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4 , wherein the pitch of the spiral tunnel is changed according to soil quality.

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